Chapter 6 Major Findings and Discussion for Primary School Sector Sector
6.1 Empowering Learners with IT
6.1.5 Confidence in the Use of IT to Perform Learning Tasks
Information literacy refers to the mastery of software or hardware skills as well as information-processing skills and attitude towards the use of IT (EMB, 2005a). Mastery of information literacy enables our students to develop necessary generic skills for lifelong learning.
They include collaboration skills, communication skills, creativity, critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, self-management skills, study skills, information skills and numeracy skills.
These are the fundamental skills for learning which can be developed through the use of IT in different subjects or key learning areas (KLAs), and are transferable to different learning situations.
School heads tended to be satisfied with student’s confidence in using IT for learning
With respect to students’ confidence in the use of IT for learning, school heads tended to be satisfied with the items listed in Table 6.19 ([P1]HSQ1c-f). In MS1, 51% to 59% of school heads were satisfied or very satisfied that students showed the ability to use IT for independent learning, information retrieval and evaluation as well as problem-solving in their daily lives and as a tool in their learning activities. A statistically significant increase was noted in the percentages of school heads (MS1: 51%-59%; MS2: 58%-71%) who rated satisfied or very satisfied with all listed items about students’ use of IT for learning in MS2.
Students were generally confident in using IT for computing tasks
Students’ levels of confidence in using IT to perform respective computing tasks are shown in Table 6.20 ([P6]SQ19a-j). In MS1, 57% to 70% of the students rated themselves as confident or very confident in “English input via the computer” (66% of P4 and 70% of P6), “searching for information on the Internet” (57% of P4 and 70% of P6) and “using the computer for daily activities such as reading online newspapers” (57% of P4 and 66% of P6). The mean values ranged from 3.67 to 3.86 (SD:1.18-1.22) for P4 and 3.92 to 4.01 (SD: 1.02-1.04) for P6 on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was ‘totally not confident’ and 5 was ‘very confident’. In other listed learning tasks except for the item of using computer to conduct entertaining activities, 53% or less of P4 and 60% or less of P6 students reported themselves as confident or very confident in other tasks such as “Chinese input” (53% of P4 and 54% of P6), “using the computer for learning” (51% of P4 and 56% of P6), “using computer to store or retrieve digital resources” (51% of P4 and 60% of P6) as well as using the Internet or other digital resources to conduct “learning activities assigned by teachers” or “self-learning activities” (50%-52% of P4 and 56% of P6). Among various tasks listed in the table, lower percentages of the students (48% of P4 and 49% of P6) indicated that they were ‘confident’ or ‘very confident’ in “using e-learning platform to conduct learning activities”, with a mean rating of 3.38 (SD:1.32) and 3.49 (SD:1.17) respectively on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was ‘totally not confident’ and 5 was ‘very confident’.
A statistically significant decrease was found in the percentage of P4 students who rated confident or very confident in Chinese input (from 53% to 50%) in MS2 whereas a statistically significant increase was observed in English input (from 66% to 68%) for P4 students in MS2.
Students were confident in information search
When primary school students were asked about their self-perceived levels of confidence in using IT to perform different learning tasks (Table 6.21, [P6]SQ14a.i-v), it was found in MS1 that the mean values of P6 students were higher than those of P4 students for the same items. The ranges of mean values were 3.43 to 3.83 (SD:1.09-1.21) for P4 and 3.68 to 4.03 (SD:0.96-1.04) for P6 students on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was ‘totally not confident’ and 5 was ‘very confident’. 64%, 51%, 47%, 48% and 57% of P4 students rated themselves as confident or very confident in
“information search”, “information selection”, “information collation and analysis”, “reporting and presentation” as well as “self-evaluation on learning outcomes” respectively. Similarly, 74%, 56%, 56%, 57% and 58% of P6 students perceived themselves as confident or very confident in the aforementioned skills respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in MS2.
Parents generally agreed on students’ capability of using IT for learning, especially in information search
Parents’ views on the students’ capability in performing stated learning tasks with the use of IT are examined. In MS1, 67% of the surveyed parents agreed or strongly agreed that their children were capable of using IT in “information search”. 40% of the parents agreed or strongly agreed that their children were capable of using IT to perform “information selection” and “self-evaluation on learning outcomes”. 31% and 32% of the parents agreed or strongly agreed that their children were capable of using IT to perform the tasks in “information collation and analysis” as well as
“reporting and presentation” respectively. The mean values fell in the range of 3.02 to 3.76 (SD:0.79-1.02) on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was ‘totally not confident’ and 5 was ‘very confident’.
A statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of parents (from 32% to 33%) reported agreed or strongly that their children were capable of using IT in “reporting and presentation” in MS2 (Table 6.22, [P7]PQ4a-e).
Table 6.17 Frequency of students who were required to use IT to accomplish various tasks in learning activities at school ([P6]SQ4a-e)
MS1 MS2
Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Class
levels
(1-5) Very
Frequently Frequently Occasionally
(間中) Rarely Never (1-5) Very
Frequently Frequently Occasionally
(間中) Rarely Never
P-value
a. 3.22 1.27 1779 403 ( 23 ) 284 ( 16 ) 558 ( 31 ) 363 ( 20 ) 172 ( 10 ) 3.27 1.20 1953 398 ( 20 ) 377 ( 19 ) 685 ( 35 ) 334 ( 17 ) 158 ( 8 ) 0.300 b. 2.87 1.22 1777 219 ( 12 ) 301 ( 17 ) 556 ( 31 ) 435 ( 24 ) 267 ( 15 ) 2.90 1.21 1949 237 ( 12 ) 353 ( 18 ) 620 ( 32 ) 465 ( 24 ) 274 ( 14 ) 0.525 c. 2.69 1.30 1778 222 ( 12 ) 248 ( 14 ) 464 ( 26 ) 445 ( 25 ) 399 ( 22 ) 2.73 1.27 1950 235 ( 12 ) 280 ( 14 ) 551 ( 28 ) 499 ( 26 ) 385 ( 20 ) 0.223 d. 2.64 1.34 1774 228 ( 13 ) 256 ( 14 ) 406 ( 23 ) 426 ( 24 ) 459 ( 26 ) 2.66 1.31 1949 230 ( 12 ) 286 ( 15 ) 492 ( 25 ) 474 ( 24 ) 467 ( 24 ) 0.743 P4
e. 3.00 1.30 1775 317 ( 18 ) 299 ( 17 ) 473 ( 27 ) 443 ( 25 ) 243 ( 14 ) 3.06 1.26 1954 338 ( 17 ) 346 ( 18 ) 602 ( 31 ) 424 ( 22 ) 243 ( 12 ) 0.395 a. 3.64 1.09 1944 536 ( 28 ) 507 ( 26 ) 627 ( 32 ) 217 ( 11 ) 58 ( 3 ) 3.63 1.07 2056 544 ( 26 ) 541 ( 26 ) 687 ( 33 ) 235 ( 11 ) 50 ( 2 ) 0.454 b. 3.14 1.09 1944 246 ( 13 ) 449 ( 23 ) 708 ( 36 ) 411 ( 21 ) 130 ( 7 ) 3.19 1.06 2052 270 ( 13 ) 463 ( 23 ) 807 ( 39 ) 403 ( 20 ) 109 ( 5 ) 0.595 c. 3.03 1.16 1942 249 ( 13 ) 392 ( 20 ) 652 ( 34 ) 462 ( 24 ) 187 ( 10 ) 3.07 1.13 2051 273 ( 13 ) 419 ( 20 ) 681 ( 33 ) 533 ( 26 ) 146 ( 7 ) 0.822 d. 3.13 1.17 1942 298 ( 15 ) 413 ( 21 ) 644 ( 33 ) 418 ( 22 ) 169 ( 9 ) 3.16 1.15 2051 315 ( 15 ) 446 ( 22 ) 677 ( 33 ) 467 ( 23 ) 145 ( 7 ) 0.608 P6
e. 3.03 1.18 1944 278 ( 14 ) 354 ( 18 ) 646 ( 33 ) 475 ( 24 ) 191 ( 10 ) 3.02 1.14 2051 258 ( 13 ) 397 ( 19 ) 705 ( 34 ) 516 ( 25 ) 175 ( 9 ) 0.472 Tasks in learning activities
a. Information search (e.g. using search engine) b. Information selection
c. Information collation and analysis (e.g. using spreadsheet)
d. Reporting and presentation (e.g. PowerPoint and website presentation)
e. Self-evaluation on learning outcomes (e.g. online tests/questionnaires/learning records)
Mean: 1=“Never” and 5=“Very frequently”; Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Table 6.18 Frequency of students using digital resources assigned by teachers and on their own initiative for self-learning beyond school hours during the week prior to the conduct of the questionnaire survey ([P6]SQ10a,b,11a,b)
Percentage (%) choosing the option Digital resources which teachers assigned students to use for learning subject
knowledge
Digital resources which students used on their own initiative for self-learning
P4 P6 P4 P6
MS1 MS2 P-value
MS1 MS2
P-value
MS1 MS2 P-value
MS1 MS2 P-value
(N=1592) (N=1746) (N=1050) (N=1808) (N=1727) (N=1911) (N=1937) (N=2032)
Yes 55 55 60 54 55 52 59 49
No 45 45 40 46 45 48 41 51
Teachers didn’t assign any digital resources for learning beyond school hours
11 11 0.636a
10 12 0.005** a
-- -- --
Valid count (N) (excluding no. of students choosing ‘Teachers didn’t assign any digital resource for learning beyond school hours’)
0.016* a 0.000*** a
Frequency (N=882) (N=961) χ2
(df=4)
P-value (N=1050) (N=980) χ2 (df=4) P-value (N=982) (N=993) χ2 (df=4) P-value (N=1144) (N=991) χ2 (df=4) P-value
16 times or above 6 4 5 3 8 7 6 6
11 to 15 times 7 6 4 5 8 8 7 7
5 to 10 times 19 20 22 19 24 24 28 26
1 to 4 times 58 58 62 65 52 51 54 54
Nil 10 12
5.25 0.262 b
7 9
9.305 0.054 b
8 10
2.86 0.581 b
6 7
2.11 0.716 b
a. Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; b.Chi-square Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Table 6.19 School heads’ levels of satisfaction with students’ confidence in using IT for learning ([P1]HSQ1c-f)
MS1 MS2
Mean SD N Count (%) of School Heads choosing the option Mean SD N Count (%) of School Heads choosing the option (1-5)
Very satisfied Satisfied Quite satisfied
(一般) Not satisfied Totally not satisfied
(1-5) Very
satisfied Satisfied Quite satisfied
(一般) Not satisfied Totally not satisfied
P-value
c 3.60 0.62 551 25 ( 5 ) 294 ( 53 ) 217 ( 39 ) 15 ( 3 ) 0 ( 0 ) 3.73 0.57 445 24 ( 5 ) 279 ( 63 ) 138 ( 31 ) 4 ( 1 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0.001**
d 3.62 0.72 551 51 ( 9 ) 265 ( 48 ) 210 ( 38 ) 25 ( 5 ) 0 ( 0 ) 3.75 0.57 445 25 ( 6 ) 288 ( 65 ) 127 ( 29 ) 5 ( 1 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0.001**
e 3.60 0.62 551 25 ( 5 ) 297 ( 54 ) 215 ( 39 ) 14 ( 3 ) 0 ( 0 ) 3.73 0.56 445 20 ( 4 ) 290 ( 65 ) 129 ( 29 ) 6 ( 1 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0.001**
f 3.49 0.68 551 21 ( 4 ) 261 ( 47 ) 237 ( 43 ) 30 ( 5 ) 2 ( 0 ) 3.62 0.65 445 27 ( 6 ) 233 ( 52 ) 172 ( 39 ) 13 ( 3 ) 0 ( 0 ) 0.006**
Aspects related to students’ use of IT in learning
c. Students can use IT for information retrieval and evaluation of different information sources in their learning activities and to solve problems in their daily lives.
d. Students show the ability to learn independently and to widen their views by using digital resources in their learning activities according to their individual learning needs and pace.
e. Students can select appropriate IT tool(s) to conduct their learning and to solve problems in their daily lives.
f. Students show the ability to use IT as a productivity tool, a communication tool, a collaboration tool, a research tool and a decision-making tool in their learning activities.
Mean: 1=“Totally not satisfied” and 5=“Very satisfied”; Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Table 6.20 Students’ self-perceived levels of confidence in using IT to perform related computing tasks ([P6]SQ19a-j)
MS1 MS2
Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Class levels
(1-5) Very
confident Confident Quite confident (一般)
Not confident
Totally not confident
(1-5) Very
confident Confident Quite confident (一般)
Not confident
Totally not confident
P-value
a. 3.55 1.26 1769 524 ( 30 ) 411 ( 23 ) 516 ( 29 ) 152 ( 9 ) 167 ( 9 ) 3.47 1.24 1906 506 ( 27 ) 440 ( 23 ) 594 ( 31 ) 185 ( 10 ) 181 ( 9 ) 0.034*
b. 3.86 1.18 1770 689 ( 39 ) 474 ( 27 ) 390 ( 22 ) 109 ( 6 ) 108 ( 6 ) 3.98 1.08 1904 786 ( 41 ) 514 ( 27 ) 455 ( 24 ) 76 ( 4 ) 73 ( 4 ) 0.026*
c. 3.52 1.23 1764 483 ( 27 ) 431 ( 24 ) 523 ( 30 ) 177 ( 10 ) 150 ( 8 ) 3.57 1.17 1904 521 ( 27 ) 445 ( 23 ) 670 ( 35 ) 131 ( 7 ) 138 ( 7 ) 0.528 d. 3.93 1.17 1767 767 ( 43 ) 396 ( 22 ) 409 ( 23 ) 104 ( 6 ) 91 ( 5 ) 4.07 1.07 1899 906 ( 48 ) 420 ( 22 ) 444 ( 23 ) 65 ( 3 ) 64 ( 3 ) 0.001**
e. 3.67 1.22 1772 578 ( 33 ) 425 ( 24 ) 505 ( 29 ) 128 ( 7 ) 135 ( 8 ) 3.72 1.16 1902 615 ( 32 ) 494 ( 26 ) 557 ( 29 ) 118 ( 6 ) 118 ( 6 ) 0.382 f. 3.51 1.25 1765 506 ( 29 ) 389 ( 22 ) 515 ( 29 ) 208 ( 12 ) 146 ( 8 ) 3.52 1.23 1903 530 ( 28 ) 444 ( 23 ) 585 ( 31 ) 179 ( 9 ) 165 ( 9 ) 0.926 g. 3.67 1.22 1768 581 ( 33 ) 416 ( 24 ) 501 ( 28 ) 142 ( 8 ) 129 ( 7 ) 3.77 1.15 1904 661 ( 35 ) 472 ( 25 ) 547 ( 29 ) 120 ( 6 ) 104 ( 5 ) 0.058 h. 3.52 1.21 1763 478 ( 27 ) 414 ( 23 ) 568 ( 32 ) 160 ( 9 ) 143 ( 8 ) 3.56 1.18 1898 518 ( 27 ) 457 ( 24 ) 615 ( 32 ) 175 ( 9 ) 132 ( 7 ) 0.612 i. 3.54 1.21 1756 483 ( 28 ) 428 ( 24 ) 542 ( 31 ) 160 ( 9 ) 143 ( 8 ) 3.59 1.16 1894 519 ( 27 ) 481 ( 25 ) 630 ( 33 ) 135 ( 7 ) 130 ( 7 ) 0.385 P4
j. 3.38 1.32 1744 465 ( 27 ) 364 ( 21 ) 509 ( 29 ) 185 ( 11 ) 221 ( 13 ) 3.40 1.30 1886 486 ( 26 ) 420 ( 22 ) 574 ( 30 ) 171 ( 9 ) 235 ( 12 ) 0.540 a. 3.60 1.15 1937 520 ( 27 ) 519 ( 27 ) 613 ( 32 ) 167 ( 9 ) 118 ( 6 ) 3.54 1.16 2039 519 ( 25 ) 542 ( 27 ) 614 ( 30 ) 240 ( 12 ) 123 ( 6 ) 0.167 b. 4.01 1.02 1943 786 ( 40 ) 581 ( 30 ) 445 ( 23 ) 78 ( 4 ) 53 ( 3 ) 4.08 0.97 2037 852 ( 42 ) 646 ( 32 ) 427 ( 21 ) 75 ( 4 ) 38 ( 2 ) 0.086 c. 3.66 1.10 1938 522 ( 27 ) 554 ( 29 ) 635 ( 33 ) 127 ( 7 ) 100 ( 5 ) 3.70 1.03 2036 538 ( 26 ) 610 ( 30 ) 698 ( 34 ) 127 ( 6 ) 64 ( 3 ) 0.236 d. 4.14 1.00 1940 926 ( 48 ) 509 ( 26 ) 408 ( 21 ) 46 ( 2 ) 51 ( 3 ) 4.17 0.95 2033 971 ( 48 ) 566 ( 28 ) 402 ( 20 ) 63 ( 3 ) 32 ( 2 ) 0.409 e. 3.92 1.04 1942 700 ( 36 ) 581 ( 30 ) 524 ( 27 ) 70 ( 4 ) 67 ( 3 ) 3.93 1.00 2034 715 ( 35 ) 656 ( 32 ) 519 ( 26 ) 95 ( 5 ) 48 ( 2 ) 0.824 f. 3.79 1.11 1940 655 ( 34 ) 506 ( 26 ) 578 ( 30 ) 118 ( 6 ) 84 ( 4 ) 3.83 1.04 2037 678 ( 33 ) 562 ( 28 ) 618 ( 30 ) 126 ( 6 ) 53 ( 3 ) 0.477 g. 4.00 1.03 1941 787 ( 41 ) 566 ( 29 ) 445 ( 23 ) 90 ( 5 ) 52 ( 3 ) 4.06 0.97 2033 844 ( 42 ) 623 ( 31 ) 457 ( 22 ) 70 ( 3 ) 39 ( 2 ) 0.143 h. 3.72 1.05 1940 549 ( 28 ) 551 ( 28 ) 665 ( 34 ) 101 ( 5 ) 73 ( 4 ) 3.75 1.02 2032 577 ( 28 ) 601 ( 30 ) 679 ( 33 ) 117 ( 6 ) 58 ( 3 ) 0.635 i. 3.70 1.06 1939 533 ( 27 ) 567 ( 29 ) 647 ( 33 ) 114 ( 6 ) 78 ( 4 ) 3.74 1.02 2026 556 ( 27 ) 625 ( 31 ) 669 ( 33 ) 112 ( 6 ) 64 ( 3 ) 0.394 P6
j. 3.49 1.17 1922 448 ( 23 ) 507 ( 26 ) 654 ( 34 ) 156 ( 8 ) 158 ( 8 ) 3.55 1.13 2023 489 ( 24 ) 549 ( 27 ) 697 ( 34 ) 161 ( 8 ) 127 ( 6 ) 0.198 Tasks
a. Chinese input via the computer b. English input via the computer
c. Using the computer for learning (e.g. browsing electronic books) d. Using computer to conduct entertaining activities (e.g. playing computer games)
e. Using the computer for daily activities (e.g. reading online newspapers) f. Using the computer to store/retrieve digital resources (e.g. uploading and downloading files) g. Searching information on the Internet h. Using the Internet/other digital resources to conduct self-learning activities
i. Using the Internet/other digital resources to conduct learning activities assigned by teachers
j. Using e-learning platform# to conduct learning activities (e.g. browsing documents, submitting assignments and after school discussion)
Table 6.21 Students’ self-perceived levels of confidence in using IT to perform different tasks ([P6]SQ14a.i-iv)
MS1 MS2
Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Mean SD N Count (%) of Students choosing the option Class levels
(1-5) Very
confident Confident Quite confident (一般) Not
confident
Totally not confident
(1-5) Very
confident Confident Quite confident (一般) Not
confident
Totally not confident
P-value
i. 3.83 1.10 1760 594 ( 34 ) 526 ( 30 ) 476 ( 27 ) 78 ( 4 ) 87 ( 5 ) 3.91 1.04 1923 666 ( 35 ) 630 ( 33 ) 473 ( 25 ) 85 ( 4 ) 69 ( 4 ) 0.125 ii. 3.56 1.09 1755 403 ( 23 ) 492 ( 28 ) 637 ( 36 ) 126 ( 7 ) 97 ( 6 ) 3.60 1.05 1916 432 ( 23 ) 599 ( 31 ) 666 ( 35 ) 126 ( 7 ) 92 ( 5 ) 0.337 iii. 3.49 1.15 1757 424 ( 24 ) 411 ( 23 ) 635 ( 36 ) 168 ( 10 ) 118 ( 7 ) 3.54 1.09 1911 437 ( 23 ) 527 ( 28 ) 672 ( 35 ) 180 ( 9 ) 96 ( 5 ) 0.321 iv. 3.43 1.21 1755 422 ( 24 ) 423 ( 24 ) 546 ( 31 ) 220 ( 13 ) 144 ( 8 ) 3.49 1.14 1908 435 ( 23 ) 511 ( 27 ) 638 ( 33 ) 202 ( 11 ) 122 ( 6 ) 0.334 P4
v. 3.65 1.18 1746 518 ( 30 ) 466 ( 27 ) 513 ( 29 ) 125 ( 7 ) 124 ( 7 ) 3.73 1.12 1906 577 ( 30 ) 559 ( 29 ) 544 ( 29 ) 128 ( 7 ) 98 ( 5 ) 0.113 i. 4.03 0.96 1933 731 ( 38 ) 686 ( 36 ) 420 ( 22 ) 44 ( 2 ) 51 ( 3 ) 4.10 0.88 2050 789 ( 38 ) 769 ( 38 ) 427 ( 21 ) 38 ( 2 ) 27 ( 1 ) 0.137 ii. 3.69 0.98 1932 451 ( 23 ) 637 ( 33 ) 692 ( 36 ) 93 ( 5 ) 58 ( 3 ) 3.74 0.95 2049 472 ( 23 ) 771 ( 38 ) 667 ( 33 ) 84 ( 4 ) 55 ( 3 ) 0.184 iii. 3.68 1.01 1929 465 ( 24 ) 625 ( 32 ) 658 ( 34 ) 115 ( 6 ) 66 ( 3 ) 3.67 0.97 2047 457 ( 22 ) 684 ( 33 ) 738 ( 36 ) 113 ( 6 ) 56 ( 3 ) 0.614 iv. 3.69 1.04 1928 499 ( 26 ) 601 ( 31 ) 615 ( 32 ) 147 ( 8 ) 66 ( 3 ) 3.72 1.02 2046 533 ( 26 ) 670 ( 33 ) 639 ( 31 ) 140 ( 7 ) 64 ( 3 ) 0.459 P6
v. 3.71 1.03 1923 500 ( 26 ) 621 ( 32 ) 624 ( 32 ) 105 ( 5 ) 73 ( 4 ) 3.70 1.00 2045 502 ( 25 ) 678 ( 33 ) 683 ( 33 ) 119 ( 6 ) 63 ( 3 ) 0.468 Tasks
i. Information search (e.g. using search engine) ii. Information selection
iii. Information collation and analysis (e.g. using spreadsheet)
iv. Reporting and Presentation (e.g. PowerPoint and website presentation)
v. Self-evaluation on learning outcomes (e.g. online tests/questionnaires/learning records)
Mean: 1=“Totally not confident” and 5=“Very confident”; Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Table 6.22 Parents’ levels of agreement on students’ capability of using IT to perform different tasks ([P7]PQ4a-e)
MS1 MS2
Mean SD N Count (%) of Parents choosing the option Mean SD N Count (%) of Parents choosing the option (1-5) Strongly
agree
Agree Neutral (一般)
Disagree Strongly disagree
(1-5) Strongly agree
Agree Neutral (一般)
Disagree Strongly disagree
P-value
a. 3.76 0.79 3195 510 ( 16 ) 1645 ( 51 ) 864 ( 27 ) 158 ( 5 ) 18 ( 1 ) 3.76 0.77 3527 534 ( 15 ) 1821 ( 52 ) 992 ( 28 ) 167 ( 5 ) 13 ( 0 ) 0.230 b. 3.31 0.83 3091 189 ( 6 ) 1055 ( 34 ) 1387 ( 45 ) 424 ( 14 ) 36 ( 1 ) 3.32 0.80 3408 195 ( 6 ) 1197 ( 35 ) 1565 ( 46 ) 414 ( 12 ) 37 ( 1 ) 0.333 c. 3.04 0.94 3052 178 ( 6 ) 751 ( 25 ) 1192 ( 39 ) 837 ( 27 ) 93 ( 3 ) 3.05 0.91 3377 168 ( 5 ) 888 ( 26 ) 1346 ( 40 ) 880 ( 26 ) 95 ( 3 ) 0.209 d. 3.02 1.02 3024 202 ( 7 ) 755 ( 25 ) 986 ( 33 ) 923 ( 31 ) 157 ( 5 ) 3.01 0.98 3372 186 ( 6 ) 924 ( 27 ) 1171 ( 35 ) 934 ( 28 ) 158 ( 5 ) 0.020*
e. 3.26 0.91 3005 223 ( 7 ) 1002 ( 33 ) 1230 ( 41 ) 470 ( 16 ) 80 ( 3 ) 3.25 0.90 3331 235 ( 7 ) 1092 ( 33 ) 1368 ( 41 ) 557 ( 17 ) 79 ( 2 ) 0.457 Tasks
a. Information search (e.g. using search engine) b. Information selection
c. Information collation and analysis (e.g. using spreadsheet)
d. Reporting and Presentation (e.g. PowerPoint and website presentation)
e. Self-evaluation on learning outcomes (e.g. online tests/questionnaires/learning records)
Mean: 1=“Totally not confident” and 5=“Very confident”; Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
Teachers perceived that students were quite confident (一般) in using IT to complete different learning tasks and solve problems in real-life situations
The confidence levels of students in using IT to complete different learning tasks and solve problems in real-life situations is reported by teachers. In MS1, 27% of the teachers thought that their students were confident or very confident in using IT to complete different learning tasks and solve real-life problems, with a mean rating of 3.18 (SD:0.59) on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 was
‘totally not confident’ and 5 was ‘very confident’. No statistically significant difference was reported in MS2 (Table 6.23, [P5]TQ19c).
Table 6.23 Teachers’ perception of students’ levels of confidence in using IT to complete different learning tasks and solve problems in real-life situations ([P5]TQ19c)
Mean SD N Count (%) of Teachers choosing the option
(1-5) Very
confident Confident Quite confident (一般)
Not confident
Totally not confident
P-value
Level of confidence of students in using IT to complete different learning tasks and solve problems in real life situations MS1 3.18 0.59 1817 10 ( 1 ) 468 ( 26 ) 1178 ( 65 ) 154 ( 8 ) 7 ( 0 )
MS2 3.16 0.58 1788 11 ( 1 ) 427 ( 24 ) 1200 ( 67 ) 142 ( 8 ) 8 ( 0 ) 0.424 Mean: 1=“Totally not confident” and 5=“Very confident”; Mann-Whitney U Test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.