The following section provides a summary of the responses to the questions relating to the variables under research. It provides each construct’s mean and standard deviation which reveals how well the mean represents the data. All variables are measured on five point Likert scale.
Participants were asked to indicate their agreement to the statements with anchors ranging from
“strongly disagree” (1) to “strongly agree” (5). The average response for each variable is greater than the midpoint (3) of the Likert scale (see Table 4.12). This indicates that the respondents show some level of agreement since their answers range between neutral and agree. Details of descriptive statistics are presented and discussed below.
Descriptive Statistics for Organization Contexts Information Technology
With regards to information technology, employees indicated that they somewhat agree with IT5
‘the organization has two-way communications that include for example e-billboards or regular conferences’. This item gathered the highest mean (M=3.69). Lastly, IT4 ‘managers are good at using IT to communicate with employees’ gathered the lowest mean (M=3.24), this indicates that employees are quite neutral regarding managers’ ability of using information technology to communicate with organizational members.
Table 4.4
Descriptive statistics for Information Technology
Variables Mean SD
IT1 Organization is good at using IT to achieve success 3.31 .907 IT2 Organization key capabilities are integrated through IT 3.39 .844 IT3 Database has provided support and improvement to skill. 3.41 .847 IT4 Managers are good at using IT to communicate 3.24 .852 IT5 Existence of two-way communication (eg. E-billboards) 3.69 .849 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
77 Top Management Support
In relation to top management support, TM2 ‘TM encourages employees to share know-how and professional knowledge’ had the highest mean (M=3.59). This indicates that employees somewhat agree that management support this type of sharing behavior among organizational members. However, TM3 ‘TM makes effort to foster knowledge sharing culture by offering rewards’ gathered the lowest mean (M=3.21). This suggests that employees are rather neutral towards management’s provision of rewards in developing a knowledge sharing culture.
Table 4.5
Descriptive Statistics for Top Management Support Variables
Mean SD
TM1 TM2
TM emphasizes the importance of knowledge sharing.
TM encourages employees to share know-how and professional knowledge.
3.52 3.59
.851 .833
TM3 TM makes effort to foster knowledge sharing culture e.g. offering rewards.
3.21 .880
Note: N=90; Max=5; SD= Standard deviation
Collaborative Culture
When it comes to collaborative culture construct, CC1 ‘people throughout ICDF are supportive and helpful’ gathered the highest mean (M=3.40). This shows that employees somewhat agree that their colleagues are somewhat supportive and helpful. However, CC2 ‘there is a willingness to accept responsibility for failure’ accounted for the lowest mean (M=3.13).
This shows that employees feel quite neutral towards the sense of collective responsibility among organizational members.
78 Table 4.6
Descriptive Statistics for Collaborative Culture Variables
Mean SD
CC1 People throughout ICDF are supportive and helpful. 3.40 .845 CC2
CC3
There is a willingness to accept responsibility for failure.
There is a willingness to collaborate across organizations units.
3.13 3.26
.837 .881 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
Organization Structure
Referring to organization structure, employees somewhat agree with OS3 ‘a host of work rules spell out ways to handle work tasks in my department’ and OS2 ‘there is a standard operating procedure in handling work tasks in my department’. These two items gathered the highest mean scores which are respectively (M=3.69) and (M=3.67). Question OS1 ‘there is a good system of delegation of power in my department’ gathered the lowest mean score (M=3.33) this points that employees feel quite neutral towards the delegation of power within department.
Table 4.7
Descriptive Statistics for Organization Structure Variables
Mean SD
OS1 OS2
Good system of delegation of my power in my department.
SOP in handling work tasks in my department.
3.33 3.67
.793 .848
OS3 Work rules spell out ways to handle work tasks. 3.69 .802 OS4 Employee participation in decision making process 3.36 .724 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
79 Descriptive Statistics for Knowledge Sharing Tacit Knowledge Sharing
Concerning the sharing of tacit knowledge, TK2 ‘People in my organization frequently share their expertise at the request of their co-workers’ shows the highest mean (M=3.60), this suggests that employees somewhat agree that organizational members put their expertise at the service of their colleagues when it is needed. However, employees signal a quite neutral agreement with TK3 ‘people in my organization frequently share their ideas about jobs with their co-workers’. This statement gathered the lowest mean score (M=3.41).
Table 4.8
Descriptive Statistics for Tacit Knowledge Sharing Variables
Mean SD
TK1 Sharing of job experience with co-workers. 3.54 .721 TK2 Sharing expertise at the request of co-workers. 3.60 .731 TK3 Sharing ideas about jobs with co-workers. 3.41 .701 TK4 Talking about tips on jobs with co-workers. 3.49 .674 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
Explicit Knowledge Sharing
When it comes to explicit knowledge sharing, table 4-11 shows that EK4 ‘people in my organization frequently share with their co-workers printed or electronic copies of documents and/ or manuals they have produced’ had the highest mean score (M=3.48). EK3 ‘people in my organization frequently share with their co-workers data/ databases/ spreadsheets they maintain’
referring to employees ‘sharing data/ databases/ spreadsheets they kept for personal use with co-workers’ had the lowest mean (M=3.33). This indicates that they employees feel quite neutral toward the sharing of these types of documents among organization members.
80 Table 4.9
Descriptive Statistics for Explicit Knowledge Sharing Variables
Mean SD
EK2 Sharing lectures/presentations personally prepared with co-workers.
3.37 .771
EK3 Sharing data/ databases/ spreadsheets kept for personal use with co-workers.
3.33 .807
EK4 Sharing printed or electronic copies of documents and/or manuals with co-workers.
3.48 .753
Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
Descriptive Statistics for Organization’s Sustainability Indices Innovation
Although IN1, IN4 and IN5 were deleted in order to increase the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, they were retained with the rest of the items in order to discuss the overall descriptive statistics results. From table 4-10, IN4 “people are penalized for new ideas that do not work” had the lowest mean (M=2.84), suggesting that they disagree with such a statement.
However, question IN3 ‘innovation is readily accepted in program/ project management had the highest mean (M=3.41). This confirms that employees are somewhat agree that innovation is welcomed within the organization’s program.
81
Technical innovation, based on research result is readily accepted.
Management actively seeks innovative ideas.
3.27
Innovation is readily accepted in program/ project management.
People are penalized for new ideas that do not work.
Innovation in ICDF is perceived as too risky and is resisted.
3.41 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
KMS
In relation to KMS knowledge service effectiveness (see table 4.11), KM4 ‘The service has a range of services available to employees (e.g. frequently asked questions, discussion forums) and access to research available to employees)’ had the highest mean (M=3.56), this suggests that employees somewhat agree that KMS provides the above mentioned services to organization members. In contrast, question KM2 which addresses ‘the knowledge service offers strong support for you to build up your existing knowledge (use existing research to create new findings and knowledge)’ shows the lowest mean score (M=3.19). This indicates that employees feel rather neutral towards this aspect of the knowledge service.
82 Table 4.11
Descriptive Statistics for KMS
Variables Mean SD
KM1 All users are able to use and understand all aspects of the system.
3.26 .712
KM2 Service strongly encourages knowledge scaffolding. 3.19 .717 KM3 Service takes into account employees requirements. 3.38 .787 KM4 Service has a range of services available to employees. 3.56 .721 KM5
Service meets the employees’ needs.
Employees suggest service requirements.
Service is reliable, dependable and accurate.
Service assures employees that their concerns and needs are important.
Employees are treated courteously and sympathetically by the service workers.
The service has a professional appearance.
Sensitive information is handled with confidentiality.
3.37 Note: N=90; Max=5; SD=Standard deviation
83