Ambassador Adeel envisagc:dhispurpose a~
,
"'To supervise at} election' operatiohs :in
to. assure myself that they Were in accortia,tlie
. . .(
with the electoral regulations. thdthe otfl.
daIs concerned with the elections were
lections tin that.the new''tegiSlatUte .i·~would be eriipowere~, ,'.~ to ad.opt the (jOiiSHtuHthl.~S
the'eleetot;al prod:sswas free and fail-;
to tnake sure
that
the"bters'were
aware (jf .,-'
,~
to
THE UNITED NATlONS A.!m, t)i:COLONIZAT~O~, 18"
import~nce of their chQice; ancJ;' thirdly .t toob$erve'
--" " .
'deCtipg
1:6
whethir, the fl~wIY,.,.e lected ,legislature was free to
~ AssemblY. , '
.
adopt J ~Qd;. or rej~t,,~ge, consti tutiO!l' The first
e aj'
function was
-relatively e~sy to perform, as long
.
~ .Ihll 'in order
;~ the t ea~' coul,'.i'~ be ,~~i1Jfiedon tbe,fo'll ow irw
points: all eligible
- '
~sons were allowed to votej , " :\the elec tiq:q.s weteconductedacco-rding, to electoral :1
I!
laws and, regulations and in an Qrderly manner wi th
strict~r;H&IHyaR4 in completefr.eedQm~ ,:,and the vot~1! '1ere ,cquqte~ CQr,rcc,tly and.lbe,rell.fr~s
weH~ a~curately reported. In this respecl thp V
, " / ' ,
re
nitedNati
~ns
Representa t i ve 's
n:port~as
very}a: ',t;lariCh j ,
v()rableto'~ewZeal....nd. He praised t4e officials e bf t'he
e
concer~ed w~th' th~ ele,;tiQns as "men, second to none in ;tbeirability; experie,nc~ ~d sense of :Ututhm
,.'8
honor~ ,,25 Inhi8qpinion~, except with reg~rd to asaista.q.ce tQblj~d and i'lliteratev~ters and the
~y-wete able
methQd of', 'app~i.p~ing .. enumerators. the arrange~
t ' . . ' -
hddlifl~'*
ments coJl~,erning thea~tual conduct of the ,eIec
i
tipns were_ incQnfo~i~y with the existing electotal
ted
..IlegidijJi9ll and the electorl!-l,e'8 familiariJY w~th
ensUre ,that
t.peseaH~ql'~Il)ents· w~;r.!~o'llably",d~quate. 2,' .~"
s
ci::andiy"
On
whitt
b~ses did tpe pni*ed .N,.tiop~ r~I.ne~1
e h r !
•
184r,
.
THEsentat ive make ihde' obset'vati()ys ?First , the United 'cent of t Nadons was assured not only freedom of mey.eIllent"· , elettion.o and observation in the electW.,a1 proc,ess ~j6ut aho edat ,safl
-\ :. " . "
the power
to
expect r~ctification of any irre and "f.ooI1 gularities discov'ered by 'United Nations personnel. Accor(Betore the elections I the chief electoral 'Officiai, the electi
r
issued instructions' that the United Nations Ob~, the electi
"
servers 'dependent
"have been giVen~ the right to 'go into
at
I, its compO.booths ,and"'be present
at,
:the ,preliIIli,na'ry and tiality. of at the Qfficial Count of :votes ... If a' Uilited'~ , convicti on NaHons observer drawlJ" your attention to sured but l, " ' \
thi~ irregulal', It i~to be': rectified, However,
..
mediately~and t4e Returning' Offie~r must conducted;
informed when he visits' 'your booth ...27, so ,cer.t.ific:
Secondiy,' despite the widelypi.tb~icized statemen'(.S,' senceaf-, "t made by the United Nations Representative'ltgfrig~ a cQntribU' the people to cOIne forward to the United 'Nati~~': , free, electit opsetvers t:Q. voice any cOjDplaints they,might havc'/ Party,wliit there were no serious complaints. Thirdly, votes., islative. as.
T .,. " .
tions'reprc:
'wete counted, in the presence' of both the' obs'c":" , "
, '
ve:u and the representatives of the candidates ",but fc
" ,
at, least 'six constituencies 'corisisting 6f86 party m
- /
19'J.
cment'!Jut also
"
n·rc
sonnel ~
official.
s Ob
o all uiry and
United to any":
i im
nust be
7
tatements urging.
'NatiOn~
~ht have,
" v'otes obsct' dates in
86 per
THE UNITED-NATIONS ANI> DECC?LP:NIZATlO~ 185
.
cent of the regist,tred voters and relating 'to' the elettion"o,£ 16' of the 22 members. Precautions aim
ed -at safeguarding voting papers were adequate
and "f~oIproof-. ,,28 (
According to the United.Nations Representative, the election ,..4'8 not beyond criticism. In his view,
r
the election should have been,conducted by
an
i~, .
dependent commission~ preferably international in
~
,
its ,.compO.sitiQIl.-He did not 'question the iIrtpar.·
tiality.·ofthe New Zealand ,officials;: It was 'his convict ion that impartiality "must not only be en
sured but must alsQ
~ppear
to have beenensur~!,29
However, in ,g,eneral the.New Zealand autliorities conduct.cd a free and honest election, which was so, certified by. the United, Nations team. The pre
sence of the United Nations team might have been a contributory factor .in mak.ing it a genuinely ~
free el~ction. The. le;aderll "Of the Cook"h~ands Party, which won 13 of the '22 seats of the leg
i~lative assembly; repeatedly told .the,United Na
tionlJ r.ep:r:!!sentative ·tha,t
"but, for the United Nations supervision, their party might have had a difficult tiID£ wimii~
:a
. /
I
'THE tJ1I
the elections. The presence' of ,the United Na"", tions ' .. ; dispelled whatever fears the PfI'tv , its s1,lppor~ers mIght nave nact regarding
possibility of 'denymgto a canQldate the
, to campaign, ,and of depdving, electors of'their, freedom to', vote for the candidate of their'
.,
cht> ice ...30 ,The second function of the Qnited Nations presentative waa to find out whether the' inlBl)j.:.f tantswere aware of the meaning 'and
-of their choice.
an- accurate asSessment •. According 'to the" United , Nations Representative, such an assessm.ent
handicapped by two ,f~tors: the late arrival ' ,the United Nations team (onl y eleven days'
the elections) and the primitive aystemof ' '
ov:er 850.000 SCJ.I8I'e miles ofoccean. 'fhe task:
further ,complic;atctd by the' fact that "the poli party system, ~n 'the. strict sen,e of the virtually unknown~nd the people's, cxperiehce pu,rposeful public debate was . limited to
.. economic ,ra
wagedby;tn pubticmeeti ,', caflce of,tll, '. t anga
am:t:A:
\ ,I .
laods,wh<J,$etl
t~an60;'Per,
ritory. The
.' th~t 'the Ne' bettern.job Another
lative,Asso:ll
"co:qui 1:utiODli
,the: ;(fonstittl v~fed se:If .. ~ t:~gra~','Vi
of~er:'3rll4I
patlroniz,ing
I ..../
THE UNITED NATJONS AND ,J)ECOLONIZATIOR 181
"A_Q au . h ·
lited Na.. , economic (rittber ·,than·
.
peHt i tal' issues ...31 .s irtV and :'l, . Irl hi~;.~Qpinion'J despite- a vigorous campaignng the-_ waged by; tire :Cook Isl~s Party and· the . lively.
the right public meet.ings J popular awa'i-enes8 of: the
si~fi-I ,
'S of- their caace of the elee:tioft'S was strong only in Raton
of th~ir tonga tnd Atitptaki: •. the two most populout· is.;.
J.aads \ whose tj.nhabitants constitute a little more t!;lan 60:pe,r.. eent,'of·,the population. of,the. Ter
ions'Re- ritory. Tm= degree of awareness in other,l"'itahinds inmbi - was·'! low., :I'hc-UDn.o;NatiOl).s Rep,relentliltiV'e 'tliQJght Lficance thp.t 'the New Zealand government could
.
have doneto make a' better job. in the enlighte'llpllent of the people.32
United Another purpose
of
the United Nations team t was wat to-aee
to, ·it ·that:lMthe~ members' of the L4:gisral . of lativeAslemblyco~tld<·adopt • .amend",or 'reject the before 'eonstitutio.nal q.ravt.\jne.on'lplete. freedmn. The As
f com- saably did.makci certain, lirnPortant amendments to
.
.
:catter«i the. GonstitUlion_;ll the j'deleg~tes~ exc~pt 'two fa-task was vored self -government. The' other two favored in
politi~ tegratJ;gn.with
Ne~ Zealant~3-
Tile United Nations;erm.was· Repres.en~ative·bad Bome criticism of the presjd~
:nce of offJj.cer'a lhandUng (of :th~ DlQtions and his rat·her
cial ~ p.atlroniz~ng attf-tude. (He-.was a New Zealander 0 ' )
/. !
181
, ,
(lcrningthc new, :~on'8;ti-~utiCJUt!the mmnbcl'sof;
Legislative As&emblydid mot"acfundez'the
"
. . ' , ' ,
taites from, any 'qUal-terextraneous ,1:0,tft".J"is'S,
eDl_
, andi,dKpeOPle of the
'C~
'Islancb.3·~his
"was borne Gut bythc quality, of.,·tlte 'dehaie thc tenac,ity with. whic:::b bDththe c:tnajority'and
...
norit!y parttJi es had s~t ta, cnsure' that th,ejr
jj.."'\ ' - j
" . " .. TI'hw J ,I tAct ,Unit.cdiNatiOlWJhpreltmtativc ",''''-
able tOI~ita;.li8h 'tJtn:epo.intt·:.;" ,.1.1.
I. Thc.campaign _d ,the eleetoral.pI'~
. essentially ,free' and fair;' ,. '
,2. The·mwjority ,of,;t1te 1peOpleof:the'Co.k JamlJcrwe,re ',eware' o£"the· aigninc::ane~' """u'-I1IioI1II!J
. . " ,
',electi_:.-,tbough*_ degte~,9f':.II'19ar&I':'ll.~
a' 'sabuant'ial miiuwitY,;-Was'.'lo;:;
, \
"
,"Zeal~tId;,govermnetltaluld''i've'''''''-' DCt,,,
in the enligliteIlllM'Atof fhe peoplel;~"
I . , . "
a.The
eilected';~p~d~tlltMive~
';freely II"_DJ4I. . .' ~,decis'6n in;;aoc'epHng "~eULlBtJvtrnIHlIt:j.:)'After 'receiving-die
'"e~t.<t7f ~\tbeUn.i~~d;·
tions 'Repre-seatat'i
ve.' ';'th8)tSpeCiai!lCtmm,it~~
, I
-.. ..
'1;,
'UtE ,WITEli N ATJ€lJifS ;
~Q; '~~Q J.JHn~ AtUUL,p;lJli
ceiltrated ita invest igatiolt on'th~three iss;ue<$
men'tioaed.. above: the electoraL process, the aws,re:.;:
DeSS' oL the people. andt,fte ''Choice 'of ,the Logis~
lative Asseroply.The· Soviet Union made fbe strO'l:lfr' ,elrt.c.itiamtsthro~gkout' dlemeetings.In'its'view"
thel~inhabi!tants "had- Httle to say in die wholepr()
cess.' bec~useLthe'con.tittlti~ and the electoral law were di1.ft,~d.iby ,th~ Administering ,PoWer ,whO' had
\ .
allO-.~ :tbe ~,election. The "Adminls'1~riRg'
Power
~did)Uot.,e~lider,itldepcrDderice ,a~a
ielistic . alternatiNe and ,had Iailed t~',.!udight.D the people,
. .
OIl the importance of their! deci'8ion.lnits view,
, , , ' . / ..
the. me,oot .ihe, United. Nations Representati-w- was
- \ ' , ; ,
onJyjJto! Sopenvise ~the;eleetions within the ·.frame
work of the,legisla,tion drafted and! _iinRl'~ented
, ~, , . '
byit.heAdministcriDgPower. "Flit:refore. th,c·Soviet
. . I '
UniOD'.b)UId 'not,'a:Pi>r6ve:,t~ereport ,'ofth~llitedNl...
tions 'Repn's~tive.Jt6
, ,
The'majO'rity sentiment within t.b:e Special Ca:n
mitte~ wast'o accept • the findings' of ,the .Unit,ed
Nat,iom ;)lepresentative: tbat thc'st>atus. of self .. . government was afree.;choice . -
aM.
$.incethe;peo~:. ' , , ' ..
'plehadltlade this
'~hoice.\
i'tlVasnot teb.':qUt1t.."\ I
..
190
;
. .' THE
w
tiQned by any delegations • Oil, the other hand~ t~ pIe to de:
door should be' open for' the people and their legal' . fe~se? If I'epreseritatives ,to 'become independent at a· later, not ,.be· sai
date .• 37 defense ar.
.f:to~ver .:,there was no general agreement as'to;l' eJercisedc
th~ implicat,ion of these findif'gs.;Had the·Cook .... .a·, coIo.nial landers.achieved a full measure of self ..gover~ One schoo·
~ a result of the electi~n and the deti~ion of tile,.. p~eSBedwi
.
,
l,egislative.,Asse~bly.: and ,therefore would other com . ZealJl..qd. nolongerbc .1lbligated' t otI;anamit ,infO!',J.;' did not in
.
..
, " .mation to the.Se.cretary-General jn accordancewi1k . 1514,shoul the Charter? ASlJuming ,the' answer to .the prev.ioUll: _deIegatiort
\
questionwaa,posi'tive. rhad the politi-car);
4eveiop::~<'i
pointprov ments 'in the~ dooklslandsfulfiUed the . timeto:
cl:of th~ ~cl~ration on Colonialism'l ,On the
. ! , I . ' - ,
With, the exception' of the Soviet . ed.·thevi~
I '
lother members' of the Committee were' sa1 i'Bfjcd~~ ercised th after hearing the ex:pla~tions' of .the while the the Cook Is l'ands.t~tthe. Te~ritor'yhad.attained , 'dcnee,Iio'J
• ' . . t. . '(
a full mea4?ure of sc;lf-government. Howe\(erj:pa!'a,i.q~ an, ·educati4 graph .5 of theb'edaration usC!d the:. , hence that
;'aU pow;ers J~ which mjght, creil,te SOIne confu&iorr dealt with
' . " ,
Did, that expression include the power pc'-the. opi~ioJrj ~>tJ
THE UN~TED NATIC)'NSAND DECOLONfzATION, 191
~~
pIe t,o determine theitforeignrelat·ions and ," de.;.
, i
fense? If 'it did. t·he Cook blands constitution could Qot ,be·saicl .to ,,conform to the Declaration 'beCause defense and foreign .relations' were powers to be
e~erci.sed by.the ,New ~alantl government. Could ,a. colonial people voluntarily limit its sovereignty?
One schoo1 o~ thought would accept the fr.eely ex ...
, p~essed will 'Of, the people as paramount;.but,a,D-:
o.th~r,considcred that if tliat freely,cxjRiesSed·will
, I
did not invblVe ~cotnplete indepehdeucc{re.olUtioh:
1514. should still apply to ,the TerritoTY_ The lraqi .dele:gation was prepared to aceept the first view
,
point' provided that the people could decide at any _ time;~to'change, their status •.89,
.Onthe other hand. the Iranian delegate reject
'ed 'the view that the';Cook.<&hi.ooers ;had fully ex
.
.- . .ercised their right;:ofiseJ.1i':'determination ' because.
:p.ier;, while the peoprl~ihadbee:n. free to choose "indepen
/ .
. '<ienCe, no party or'politiCal 'leader had, conducted an ,educational campaign in favor of indepehdence;
.
. . ., hence that alternative had ,not been adequately dealt with during the: electoral campaign. to ,
. .
'hi~"\ .opinioDi i-, the act of. aeH-de:f'crmil'lationln'.'COok
1 TJlE
..J depentence Islands ease was to De achiev~d by a series olae'!
These facti tiona: the free e~ctionof,the Ldgislative Assem~
bers'to,ai(!
blyand the lattet"•. decision in favor of in.ternal'
Cook blanc self -govellIIDent and a
freeaasoclati~n
WithOn· the, . Zealand were' the f,lrst'and:the second; the ,full
pro~i'rl
reluctarttl t
cess· of self-determination would terminate when the>
38ls tiJ.lli~tii
peaplc of.the Territory.decided to become' an '. in'''!':'
re 801utfonf dependent s<wereignstate •• Nevertheless, he believ....
lJnited Nati ed,thatdl,e Te'rritory ,had 18.chieveda full· measure,c
", .' . '0 .
"~ , -. .perso·nn¢l·.fof sclf~.govc;r>nm.ent. " j '. '. ,
. ZeaJ~ :gOYoi
" SillC'e the'Gook Islanders djd not' choose, inde~;,
te.·,tbe::,:.Spe4 JleridCmce,.many' membe'rs' of the Special. Comrrnttee1'" . I • .
. . . . , ' " J '
took· .IlDitc; '(
wereworri.c:d about ,the new :status. However J ,'i:ri!~,
prcseJltativ4 'the firs t place .. the United Nations Repre8entati~
mier ·of~h.
had certified . that the elections were frce aId ,lto
of. NtM:.Z!a nest,.andthat the representatlves'of,the'people'
'hadi",""
of the .Cool made a lree,Q,ecision with~regard:lo tbenew" sta.,.:o
. stated. the , tu>a;secondly~:.he newJ:y,eiectedpr~ierappea~:'~
, ."rt.O .\ aN"
.before. the
Specia~
Committeeand;:assuredthela~
..~i)r the ter-that tlie people' o'the! C~k. Islands, were~'
tbe.proi to have the ,OPPol'tuaityof, contl'otHng, theiro'wnf'
ritory '.~
"adzninistrativ.f; ;affairs;' aJid·:thirdlY J the! :peopt1i"
, ~ ,
port\Ulit 'of. theJ::ook IalaD.C!shad-tbco;,right,' to' obtain
-'qIE UNITEDN~TIO. *ND~:;i>£.c()L9NIZATH)N 191,
a'c~ .J depentence 'i~ .the fUture,i:mou14:!Rey '1Q iehoOse •.
These. factors ,made i~'much ;ea~ier-.'forman'y ,.mem
eitlj;.
OeJ's ,.t"o'a'6Oept .the .new ,'relationmip',b'C"tWecll,tb:e~
na!' ,_ ' , I , ,_ " , .
Cook blands· 'and New Zealand;;for'Jthec.time bei~.
On,' the other hand.' the SpeciaL Committee was .
)f()~ . , . .' . - .
re;luctant· to'inake anydefitlite judgment.' Ai·,.thcl
the , . " '
in{-l~ 381st;me~ting! Ethiopia. intliodw;ed a 13 ..power~i
resolutfonf1wbich) expr,e.u~d,i
d
satidaction tothCf:icv",:
Uni ~edNatiOIl•.>RQpresentativeJand"'the 5euret&lia$!l;
lU'C'
...
:" .pers.o~hfor')f;h~:''wo:r:k:t.hey ;di4~-I8.ncldto: the ~,t~ew . Zeal~ .governtncnt for'tbe £.O-pperation ~xtended(
Ide.;",
I t.rth~:Special 'Committee. The ?raft resolution also
nee,..
took, 'nDt~ 'Of l~he.report of tbe,lJnited: NatiAms Re
'in
prcBe.tati!Y'ean4'-thc .&tat..erncmts mad.eby thepre~
the "
mier .Qf~he Cook. l'sJ~~.bY:;Jthe. representative
Ito- .
.
of' New Zealand {wi, , _ " . th,.regar4'I~o , ' , _ , . ' ' the<'furure', atatus k
had,
/ ,
of. the Cook Islands. As the Ethiopian delegate stated._lthe::'~dr4f~f~esolutiori wa,s ',designed
. ,", t.o a¥oid 'controversy; it satilficxl the wishes Cjf the peQj)lt of~ t'he -Cook Isla~. recognized"
. the,progress.,t hat ·has been made' ,j-n the; Te~ ~ ,
. . I
. rlt9i'Y and provided an,'conccllned, wi~·,~nop';'
, .
port\lnity tQ judge. what f\lture,;aet1od~$bOJ.d(bb~. ~
I
·1"
'.' -taken on the:;. que.t ion , in the GeneJ'al.Asseni:llJ!1~
f The Italian! de legationpropos~ seyeral ,amend;';'.' menu "oo3trcn.••hfm. the .c&8e)of New Zeahuld. amti.
, /. .' ' .
to: cxpren ,thc:.llatiifact,iori. 'oftlleCo:m:mittee w:i::til) : the ~repO!rfl:',of, the 'United,. Nations l,t.cpreserltative,.
instead 'of merely.takil1gl DOte
of
it .u, However;<nODe of :t~ese' amendments obtained m,jority s1.JfPdlt.
primarily bC.¢al,lSe~ot the: opposition ,()f the'So!Vi~y'"
llioQ.
,'l11e Italian. ,de.logate< la~cd!,·.:' '·.·Itwa,
,the d-uty,rof- the Special :Coumittee ,to<\'tranamit~t~;
:qpoJ.!l,to,. theGCneml Asnrnbl¥.iwJ:t::
to;.Jilote tha..:.,itcontaiaed somethmgpoaitive,) .' ,WitJIout theW1iJ.,dJ "~ith .satisfaction'.tke drafCu
~soltitioQwOuld ~s>ignifythatthc' CalBIduecrWi
. " ' .
:' merely_read' the. repol-t, and tr:anamhte$1:it .t()~
theAs.&em.bly·}'withou~. rp8uing :any judgme.B(;on')
> '.
, ~ " t t'O .,'" ...Itt- '
It isture,tJiat., on:.,the slol~f;ace,. lhe·,:Spec.iall.
,
.Committee filidnot· make any·spedf,icjt.t.dgmenton.
the case. However'•. the whore discUJelon iD.dicatea that'a ,ma:jori-ty .. (d'--mernbers . ,were. quite', . 'satr-.,f.ied with tbeproceu"of"self.-determinati on int.he~Cook
I
,',",
Ok • "t"-~tsJlli.att.tp..,.~.A:r.ml'f§':~A1ib:.Jiltf.01.0Jl{lZ.A.tnUL.._
m
'" • , • mm~
-. • J ", •
tn1i-s
proee8l.'
had beerltMa(tl1¥:~o6ipieted~'WIY::iJ)dI:i draft Wasipttt. ,t:o' ~hetinal vote';:it'wu<'a~c~1il!20 ',vot" ~tiO nOAewith -I abst,e~ioDl• .'WhCi ;'&iJyI~
!Jlocc~tries'
atiataineG becausc they~i~
, , . , ' " \ "
.the sendingdf i.:t'ha-Un'ited' NatipllS 'Ibep:rO'l_ta1:'M.
'"
in the fba:t' iplaee~,Bec·a.tlsett'the
...
(United, Nations Repte1tmtative'",, ' .
,,~~rtif,ied"z.fhiLt ''1;'bt :e.1ectioos . were 'fmanti b:I.toft andlJt~e:~ti'llat;ive
AssclnblY
'Jlad. "i'1'It:elY,1:,adGptedI I ' ' "
and'&n~TfhA4rw'constiIlUtion:,
·<tlte',;'SF~',
CotniBitte~' ·~nd :tfic"Ple'niary Ane'tnlMycdnoen1,q'8~' on:t'he ·two remaining qhestions 'to whi:ch t:beSpe
cial·.adnmit'\ee~ did not ,give -any ttefiBite,'ansWC'lt.:
wMttteprth~;:·c0nB.fituti-on<adbpted
bY
"the' c~ ll''':landsiDti~i)lative:A:~~mb.fy
ensure,tun
~a-e·If.;osovem-meat'jof ,
th~'COok:td~aers
. ' ,..
Jand-,ifitdid. ~
. 't.l1eijjb~c'"v
••~i(jf ~he'
Cba·tter'kd ~t..e
Declaration on 'G.IGtii.U~ lrIif' betuifUlfiHed •.Thc·majbti't'Y of' the/United NatioD~' members.
actepted' ther'new relationship between tfte'(]adc·It-:
la:bdf'sridNcW',Z,ea1anp. 'Togo
ana,,:p~ddstan t~;
a
draft'r~solution. ~5w1;fich,·a~bDgot~rs.ifidll~
tliatthe constitution of'
th~
;COok'lii~~' ,~
'f. '," . "
•
# / ,"
1
'.1..1 , ~,
intO' fO'.r~e .on 4 August; '1965. "frO'm ,which' . da.,t:e tbeCoO'k Islanders. hflve had 'cO'ntroJ ,of".thc.w ,in
t.etnal.affa-irs •.~ HoWevel' Ii it wanted to' ,:cetaln" the reaponsiDiHI!Y '0..£ the United.: .rsationsResO'l"~ion 1514 , (XV)to·.a.ssin the peO'pleO'{>, the CO'O'.k ',Island . in
the'c;v~Dtual achievement O'f full indepe1ldc;m;e'.' if . tbe'y8o wish. at a. fut~re.":d~tc:~ ~ In their...,.vle'IIVji the
to'ad:',to. decolonizatioJl. .sh~ldhave'.;..been; J.le~ible
arx:h&tatehO'od. sbould, 'DO't.have beell·tb~:.9.q.ly, .ct~
~le,cot1rse fot .. ~n:"j.slantlA' 8(.:au,-er.eq. lin :,tl yUlt;;·~ea.n.,.TO' 'f'{)fce ItheJll:to...a~hievei~e
would have made .such' stat~s ~ ·p,rey ·to' ne~-c.qloni
alism. As· lo.ng.a they freely. cbf;Jse ,~ir.. i':p:tUt:~.
the
"(J~ted,Nati{)ns8hould
respec:t such. ad~i$i<D.'~
• 'C1 A ,number '.0£ states disagreed •. The' S9'¥ie~ l'Jt\i-o,n
ropea,ted th~ A~~ilck8\it had nu.,de iilt~L" Speoica.1.
COJtlIllittee: .tbe inhabitaJ1.tB had little,.s;ay,in draft;-, ing the.
CO'~st
itutlO'n.,enact.ing. tl.l,e~l.ct9ral :-"~~s-:
. lation., and conduct iug , th~elt~tiQllij,F,\l;r~h:e.tItiore.
tP,e.;'~inister il\g.PO'wer,bad ;nO't c{)~Sridered~indc;)"
.~ as reaiistic~
47The
Ghapai'an ..dCfleg~ti~
~mitted that theGook I " }slande~s had Iru¥le
a
J'r,eq.,, q .
<:hQ~ceand .that the !lew const1.~utiO'n,hlld.c:ome > . . ># into .
• . . ., '
force .. H~
achieved tbe powe