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Household Income

在文檔中 2007/2008 (頁 110-115)

MOP % Monthly Consumption

3. Household Income

Monthly income of all households amounted to MOP 4.22 billion, soared by 136.7%

compared with 2002/2003, an increase of 99.4% in real terms after eliminating the effect of price changes. Household income was 25,250 per month, up by 90.2% in nominal terms and 60.2% in real terms over the last five years; besides, per-capita monthly income rose by 62.3% in real terms from 2002/2003 to MOP 8,042.

11. Household Income

2002/2003 Rate of Change Current Prices r 2007/2008 Prices

2007/2008

Nominal Real Monthly Income

MOP % All Household (’000) 1 783 786 2 117 624 4 221 491 136.7 99.4

Per household 13 279 15 764 25 250 90.2 60.2

Per-capita 4 173 4 954 8 042 92.7 62.3

The rapid economic growth of Macao over the past five years induced rises of household income. The proportion of households earning a monthly income of MOP 25,000 and above (an annual income of MOP 300,000 and above) surged by 23.5 percentage points over the last five years to 40.4%.

Moreover, the proportion of households earning less than MOP 9,000 per month (an annual income of MOP 108,000) decreased distinctly by 23.0 percentage points over the past five years to 14.9%. The shrinking share of the low-income households and the growing proportion of those with an average monthly income close to the middle income households group imply that household income has been improved during these five years and tends towards higher income equality.

1

少於48,000 元 4 2%

240,000元或 以上 52.8%

240,000元或 以上 18.3%

少於48,000 元 14.1%

48,000元至 119,999元

39.3%

120,000元至 239,999元

28.3%

M onetary Transfer Receipts

9.8% Income from

Employment 79.4%

Property Income 10.7%

Non-M onetary Transfer Receipts

0.2%

Chart 4. Household Distribution by Annual Income Group

3.1 Sources of Household Income

Sources of household income comprise Employment Income, Property Income, Monetary and Non-Monetary Transfer Receipts. Employment Income is the principal source of household income in Macao, accounting for 79.4% of the total, of which Employee Income, Employer Income and Self-Employed Income shared 71.9%, 4.6% and 2.9%

respectively of total household income; besides, Property Income also took up 10.7% of the total.

Chart 5 Structural Distribution of Monthly Household Income by Sources

≧ MOP 300,000 16.9%

≧ MOP 300,000 40.4%

MOP 180,000 – MOP 299,999

27.4%

< MOP 108,000 14.9%

MOP 108,000 – MOP 179,999

17.3%

2002/2003 (07/08 Prices)

2007/08

MOP 108,000 – MOP 179,999

26.9%

MOP 180,000 – MOP 299,999

18.3%

< MOP 108,000 37.9%

Self-Employment Income

2.9%

Employee Income 71.9%

Employer Income 4.6%

The continuous economic growth has fostered favourable environment to sustain high employment level, driving monthly household income up by 58.0% in real terms compared with 2002/2003, among the different components, employees’ wages and salaries, as well as payment-in-kind surged by 58.7% and 172.9% in real terms.

12. Monthly Household Income by Sources

2002/2003 2007/2008 Source of Income Amount (MOP)

(2007/2008 Prices)

Structure

%

Amount (MOP)

Structure

%

Rate of Change (Real terms)

%

Monthly Household Income 15 764 100.0 25 250 100.0 60.2

Employment Income 12 685 80.5 20 046 79.4 58.0

Employee Income 11 238 71.3 18 146 71.9 61.5 Wages and Salaries 10 970 69.6 17 414 69.0 58.7

Payment-in-kind 268 1.7 732 2.9 172.9

Self-Employed Income 634 4.0 741 2.9 16.8

Employer Income 813 5.2 1 159 4.6 42.7

Property Income 1 502 9.5 2 693 10.7 79.3

Imputed Rent of Owner-Occupied

Dwelling 1 390 8.8 2 381 9.4 71.3

Investment Dividends 9 0.1 80 0.3 827.8

Rent from Real Estate Leasing 64 0.4 156 0.6 145.5

Others 39 0.2 76 0.3 92.3

Monetary Transfer Receipts 1 560 9.9 2 467 9.8 58.2

Subsidies from Society Security Fund 131 0.8 517 2.0 295.6 Tuition Fees/Stationery Subsidies 499 3.2 844 3.3 69.1 Remittance from Abroad 180 1.1 467 1.8 158.9

Others 749 4.8 639 2.5 -14.7

Non-Monetary Transfer Receipts 18 0.1 44 0.2 144.4

80.5%

9.5%

9.9%

0.1%

79.4%

10.7%

9.8%

0.2%

80.9%

9.7%

9.2%

0.1%

79.6%

10.9%

9.4%

0.2%

78.3%

9.2%

12.4%

0.1%

78.8%

10.3%

10.9%

0.1%

65.4%

0.3%

34.1%

0.2%

73.9%

0.0%

26.0%

0.1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Non-Monetary T ransfer Receipts Monetary T ransfer Receipts Property Income

Income from Employment

3.2

Type of Housing and Household Income

Employment Income and Monetary Transfer Receipts accounted for about 90.0% of the monthly household income, of which the income structure for households living in private housing and economic housing was similar to that of five years ago. However, substantial changes was observed in that of the households living in social housing, with the relative importance of Employment Income increased by 8.5 percentage points from 2002/2003 to 73.9% in 2007/2008, while Monetary Transfer Receipts dropped by 8.1 percentage points to 26.0%. The rising percentage share of their Employment Income and decreasing share of Monetary Transfer Receipts reflected that the employment conditions for households living in social housing has been improved.

Chart 6. Distribution of Household Income by Type of Housing and Sources of Income

3.3 Monthly Household Disposable Income

Household disposable income after tax amounted to MOP 20,952 per month, up by 63.6% compared with 2002/2003, with that of the households living in private housing leading at MOP 22,519, an increase of 58.3%. Meanwhile, household disposable income for those living in economic housing and social housing was MOP 16,285 and MOP 7,370 respectively, representing increases of 100.5% and 79.1% from 2002/2003.

02/03 07/08 Total

02/03 07/08 Private Housing

02/03 07/08 Economic Housing

02/03 07/08 Social Housing

Cumulative Income Share (%)

12 809r 20 952

14 228r 22 519

8 121r 16 285

4 116r 7 370

0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000

25 000 02/03HBS

07/08HBS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Chart 7. Household Disposable Income by Type of Housing

3.4 Income Distribution of Household

The Gini coefficient is one of the commonly used indicators measuring the inequality of income distribution. Value of the Gini coefficient of Macao decreased from 0.44 in 2002/2003 to 0.38 in 2007/2008. Chart 8 demonstrated that the Lorenz curve of Macao’s household income distribution in 2007/2008 moved closer to the diagonal line of perfect distribution. In addition, value of the Gini coefficient was 0.40 after netting the effect of welfare transfer of the government, indicating that social welfare policies was conducive to reduce the magnitude of inequality of income distribution of households.

Chart 8 Distribution of Monthly Household Income

Total MOP

Private Housing Economic Housing Social Housing

____ Perfect Distribution Line

______ 07/08HBS

- - - 02/03HBS

A Analyzed by quintile income group, monthly income of the highest 20% of households totalled MOP 1.81 billion (42.9% of total household income), with household income amounting to MOP 54,221 per month, up by 38.3% in real terms compared with 2002/2003.

On the contrary, monthly income of the lowest 20% of households totalled MOP 220 million (5.3% of the total). Household income soared by 89.9% in real terms to MOP 6,633 per month, higher than the rate of increase of the top 20% of households, signifying that the income disparity between the high-income households and the low-income households has been gradually narrowing over the past five years.

13. Income Distribution of Household by Quintile Income Group

Quintal Income Group Total The

lowest 20%

The second

20%

The third 20%

The fourth

20%

The highest

20%

在文檔中 2007/2008 (頁 110-115)