Curriculum Framework
Chapter 2 Curriculum Framework
2.2 The Curriculum Framework of the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Key Learning Area
2.2.2 Learning objectives
• The learning targets mentioned in Section 2.1.2 are translated into learning objectives arranged within the six strands of the PSHE KLA curriculum (refer to Table 2.2). These learning objectives define more specifically the knowledge, skills, and values and attitudes that students at different key stages of schooling are expected to learn under each strand.
• In this Guide, the learning objectives are updated from the 2002 PSHE KLA Curriculum Guide with regard to the changing social contexts, school experiences in implementation, updated knowledge in PSHE KLA-related disciplines, and views of the Curriculum Development Council Committee on Personal, Social and Humanities Education and other stakeholders, in order to enable students to keep up with the times in their learning, and cope with opportunities and challenges in the future.
• Due attention has also been paid to the promotion of the seven key focuses, including humanistic qualities, entrepreneurial spirit, values education, e-learning, generic skills and their integrative use, promotion of national and global understanding, and Language across the Curriculum. Owing to the varied nature of the subject matter covered by different strands, some strands are expected to provide richer contexts than others for achieving what is intended in the key focuses.
• The updated learning objectives can serve as a reference guide to assist schools in planning, designing, organising and reviewing their PSHE KLA curricula, as well as developing learning and teaching strategies, learning and teaching activities and resources, and assessment policies.
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Table 2.2 Learning Objectives under the Six Strands from Key Stage One to Key Stage Three PSHE KLA LEARNING OBJECTIVES – KEY STAGE ONE
Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
Personal & Social Development
• Self-esteem
• Healthy lifestyles
• Sexuality issues
• Self-management
• Human relationships
Time, Continuity & Change
• Time and chronology
• Cause and effect
• Change and continuity
• Historical significance
• Historical interpretations
Culture & Heritage
• Foundations and characteristics of culture
• Customs and traditions
• Challenges, conflicts, collaborations and repercussions of the modern world
• Cultural globalisation, diversity and interaction
Place & Environment
• Nature of places and environments
• Patterns and processes
• People-environment interrelationships
• Conservation and sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities
• Use of resources
• Production and consumption
• Role of government in an economy
• Interdependence of economies
Social Systems & Citizenship
• Rights, responsibilities and social values
• Social norms, rules and law
• Local, national and global identities
• Social system, political system and interaction
Knowledge and understanding 1. to identify the different
stages of human growth and development, and understand there are individual differences in growth and development 2. to understand the harm of
taking harmful substances/substance abuse
3. to know the importance and ways of maintaining personal and
environmental hygiene and safety
4. to understand one’s needs and interests, and that one’s own emotions and behaviours may influence oneself as well as others 5. to understand the
importance of cherishing life, living a positive life, valuing one’s family and
Knowledge and understanding 1. to know the difference
between time and chronology
2. to know that changes have taken place in the local community in different periods of time 3. to recognise some
important people and events that have significant impacts on our national history
Skills
1. to identify the order of events and their chronological sequence 2. to know and apply broad
categories of time (e.g.
past, present and the future, days, weeks, months and years) in daily lives
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand that the
local community is made up of people of different cultures
2. to know the
characteristics of Chinese people and important customs, traditions and features of Chinese culture
3. to know the
characteristics of people of different cultures and the ways in which people of different cultural groups interact
Skills
1. to identify diverse customs, practices and traditions in the local community
2. to identify major features
Knowledge and understanding 1. to know the
characteristics of our immediate environment 2. to understand how natural
and human features are located in our environment
3. to understand how local human activities may affect and are affected by the natural environment
Skills
1. to make careful observation of our surroundings 2. to identify features on
maps and photographs 3. to draw pictorial maps to
illustrate key features of their surroundings
Knowledge and understanding 1. to know that goods and
services produced for our consumption are insufficient to satisfy all our wants
2. to understand that people manage the use of resources in different ways
3. to understand that people work to get income and that there are different types of work
4. to know that people meet their needs through exchanging goods and services produced in the local community or imported from other parts of the world
Skills
1. to practise planning one’s
Knowledge and understanding 1. to identify one’s role,
rights and responsibilities in different social groups 2. to know the importance of
respecting the rights of others
3. to have basic knowledge about “one country, two systems” and understand the importance of the Basic Law
4. to know the importance of rules and regulations to the life of Hong Kong residents
5. to recognise local and national symbols 6. to identify facilities and
services in the community 7. to know some significant
and special current affairs at local and national levels
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Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
having a loving regard for all living things
Skills
1. to exercise self-management in personal hygiene, safety and emotion in daily life situations
2. to use appropriate verbal and non-verbal means to express oneself 3. to practise planning one’s
use of time and money 4. to use the support and
advice from adults to make decisions related to health
Values and attitudes 1. to treasure life and make
efforts to preserve health 2. to be positive in achieving
a healthy lifestyle with balance between diet, physical exercise, work and rest
3. to observe the proper use of medicine, avoid taking harmful substances and refuse to take drugs 4. to accept changes that
occur as one grows and individual differences in growth and development 5. to treasure harmonious
relationships with family members, peers and others around
Values and attitudes 1. to develop a concern for
the changes and development of the local community and our country
2. to appreciate the contributions made by people in the past to the local community, country and nation
3. to develop a sense of belonging to the local community, country and nation
4. to appreciate and respect the wide range of human experiences and perspectives
of the Chinese culture 3. to observe how people perceive other cultural groupings
Values and attitudes
1. to respect the long history and appreciate the unique features of the Chinese culture and values 2. to be aware of and
identify with the Chinese culture
3. to appreciate that old and new as well as different cultures co-exist in the local community 4. to respect people of
different cultures, traditions, religions, customs, values and ways of life
Values and attitudes 1. to show concern for the
environment and make wise use of natural resources
2. to show concern and readiness to take actions to care for and improve the environment
use of time and money
Values and attitudes
1. to show concern for using scarce resources more efficiently for the betterment of oneself and one’s family
2. to appreciate the efforts and contributions of people who work to meet our needs and maintain a harmonious community
Skills
1. to acquire the skills necessary for participating in a group
2. to identify behaviours that one should practise in order to be responsible and participative citizens 3. to make good use of
community services and facilities
Values and attitudes 1. to show respect for the
rights of others 2. to develop virtues (e.g.
honesty, integrity) and a sense of local and national identities
3. to appreciate the need for fair rules and regulations and be willing to abide by them
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PSHE KLA LEARNING OBJECTIVES – KEY STAGE TWO
Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
Personal & Social Development
• Self-esteem
• Healthy lifestyles
• Sexuality issues
• Self-management
• Human relationships
Time, Continuity & Change
• Time and chronology
• Cause and effect
• Change and continuity
• Historical significance
• Historical interpretations
Culture & Heritage
• Foundations and characteristics of culture
• Customs and traditions
• Challenges, conflicts, collaborations and repercussions of the modern world
• Cultural globalisation, diversity and interaction
Place & Environment
• Nature of places and environments
• Patterns and processes
• People-environment interrelationships
• Conservation and sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities
• Use of resources
• Production and consumption
• Role of government in an economy
• Interdependence of economies
Social Systems & Citizenship
• Rights, responsibilities and social values
• Social norms, rules and law
• Local, national and global identities
• Social system, political system and interaction
Knowledge and understanding 1. to know the physical and emotional changes which occur at puberty and the ways to cope with these changes
2. to know the factors affecting one’s health and safety and the negative impacts of drug taking on health, family and society 3. to know ways of
maintaining health at personal and community levels and coping with risks
4. to understand one’s own needs, aspirations and strengths and ways to address one’s weaknesses 5. to be aware that one’s
actions may have positive or negative consequences on oneself and others
Skills
1. to manage physical and
Knowledge and understanding 1. to identify the causes and impacts of continuity and change on different aspects of the local community 2. to understand that
significant historical figures, events and viewpoints have influenced our nation in different periods of time 3. to understand the
interdependence of different parts of the world through the study of significant historical events
Skills
1. to use chronological terms correctly
2. to collect and use historical information 3. to identify different
viewpoints
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand the
importance of harmony among members in different communities 2. to understand the major
characteristics of ancient Chinese civilisation and the uniqueness of Chinese culture
3. to understand the influences of Chinese culture on the life of the local community 4. to know the ways that
people of different cultures interact in the global system and how such interaction has developed over time
Skills
1. to analyse the impact of different cultures on daily lives
Knowledge and understanding 1. to describe and explain
the physical and human characteristics of different places
2. to recognise patterns (e.g.
climatic zones) created by physical and human features
3. to understand how people are affected by and react to the limitations imposed by the natural
environment
Skills
1. to draw sketches/maps and other graphical representations based on field observation to display information about places
2. to identify patterns shown on maps and other graphical representations
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand that the use
of scarce resources involves choice and cost 2. to know the ways of
making rational consumer decisions
3. to know the factors affecting production and consumption in the local community
4. to understand the measures taken by the Government in promoting economic development 5. to understand the
interdependence of the local community and different parts of the world in trade
Skills
1. to make rational consumer decisions
2. to distinguish between fact and opinion in analysing information
Knowledge and understanding 1. to identify the norms
within the groups that one is engaged with, and to understand the important effects these norms exert on our daily lives 2. to know the constitutional
background of the Basic Law and how the rights of an individual are protected and what responsibilities are required by the Basic Law 3. to have basic
understanding of the relationship between the Central Authorities and the HKSAR and the political structure of the HKSAR
4. to understand the functions of and major services provided by the Government and local social institutions in response to the needs and
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Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
emotional changes at puberty, and practise a healthy lifestyle 2. to master the skills of
managing one’s emotions and rejecting temptations, and practise empathy 3. to communicate one’s
anxieties, excitements and queries to family members, peers and other adults, and seek help from the elders or professionals when necessary 4. to develop assertiveness
skills and enhance relationships with family members and peers
Values and attitudes 1. to respect and value life,
appreciate the uniqueness of individuals and show consideration for variations in their strengths and weaknesses 2. to reject unhealthy
behaviours and show commitment in promoting/ maintaining community health 3. to value one’s own body
and accept individual differences in growth and development during puberty
4. to accept sexual feelings and reactions during puberty and show proper attitudes in dealing with them
Values and attitudes
1. to have an open mind and an objective attitude towards different views 2. to develop a sense of
belonging and
responsibility to the local community and our nation through the understanding of national history
2. to identify major characteristics of ancient Chinese civilization 3. to develop extensive
reading skills for the understanding of major features of Chinese culture
Values and attitudes 1. to appreciate and respect
the multi-cultures of the local community 2. to develop a concern for
conserving cultural heritage in the local community and our nation 3. to develop a sense of
belonging and
responsibility to the local community and our nation through the understanding of our cultural heritage 4. to appreciate the existence
of different cultures in the world and show acceptance of people of different cultures
Values and attitudes 1. to develop a concern for
major local, national and global environmental issues
2. to recognise the importance of environmental conservation and participate actively in it
collected
3. to analyse economic issues and suggest solutions to problems
Values and attitudes
1. to have an awareness that economic decisions of the individual/ family/society can affect our lives as well as the environment 2. to appreciate the
contributions made by different sectors to the Hong Kong economy
interests of Hong Kong residents
5. to know the trend of our country’s global engagement 6. to understand the
importance of harmony among members in different communities around the world
Skills
1. to identify different positions in social issues and to suggest possible solutions as a basis for developing critical thinking skills, problem solving skills and creativity
2. to reflect on the balance between conformity to social norms and personal orientation
3. to reflect on how to strike a balance between one’s rights and responsibilities in various settings and through different channels
Values and attitudes 1. to respect and be willing
to observe the Basic Law, rules and laws
2. to develop concern for the changes and development of the local community and to be willing to contribute to its collective interests
3. to show concern for the development of our
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Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
5. to be sensitive and empathetic to the feelings and concerns of others
country and the world 4. to be willing to get along
harmoniously with others in different communities around the world
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PSHE KLA LEARNING OBJECTIVES – KEY STAGE THREE
Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
Personal & Social Development
• Self-esteem
• Healthy lifestyles
• Sexuality issues
• Self-management
• Human relationships
Time, Continuity & Change
• Time and chronology
• Cause and effect
• Change and continuity
• Historical significance
• Historical interpretations
Culture & Heritage
• Foundations and characteristics of culture
• Customs and traditions
• Challenges, conflicts, collaborations and repercussions of the modern world
• Cultural globalisation, diversity and interaction
Place & Environment
• Nature of places and environments
• Patterns and processes
• People-environment interrelationships
• Conservation and sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities
• Use of resources
• Production and consumption
• Role of government in an economy
• Interdependence of economies
Social Systems & Citizenship
• Rights, responsibilities and social values
• Social norms, rules and law
• Local, national and global identities
• Social system, political system and interaction
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand the
importance of valuing oneself and others 2. to understand the
importance and strategies of maintaining a healthy and safe lifestyle in physical, emotional and social aspects 3. to articulate the factors
affecting one’s development of sexual attitudes, interpersonal relationships and formation of values and beliefs
4. to understand the ways to cope with emotional experiences that accompany sexual maturation and changes in interpersonal relationships
Skills
1. to manage emotions, behaviours, time and
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand key
characteristics of different major historical periods and patterns of change in local, national and world history
2. to understand why historical events happened, their impacts in the past and the present, and what has changed and what has remained unchanged within and across periods of time 3. to understand that the past
may be interpreted from different perspectives and points of view
Skills
1. to master ways of constructing a sequence of major historical events, periods and
developments, and to explain how the present is
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand the
uniqueness of our culture at the local and national levels in the light of the developments of other major cultures of the world
2. to understand culture and heritage of major communities in the world and identify different ways of conserving cultural heritage 3. to understand how
cultural differences can be a source of conflicts and a stimulus for cultural interflows in the modern world
4. to know how cultural globalisation affects our living
Skills
1. to make use of different sources of information for
Knowledge and understanding 1. to explain how different
natural and human processes shape the characteristics of different places in the world 2. to understand how the
interactions of natural and human processes create different regions in the world
3. to understand how people influence places and the environment, and how they are influenced by them
4. to articulate why people living in different places respond differently to the consequences of people-environment interaction
Skills
1. to analyse and interpret patterns and processes identified in maps, photographs and other
Knowledge and understanding 1. to understand how
individuals make use of limited resources to satisfy wants and the costs involved
2. to understand how the Government makes use of limited resources to satisfy people’s wants and the costs involved 3. to recognise the
contributions of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to the economic development of Hong Kong and the Mainland 4. to understand the
economic performance of Hong Kong and the Mainland 5. to understand how
economies in the world are interdependent
Skills
1. to interpret and analyse
Knowledge and understanding 1. to deliberate on and
exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizens as well as core social values
2. to understand the purposes and functions of social norms, rules and law
3. to understand the importance of the principle of “one country, two systems” and the Basic Law to the life of Hong Kong residents and to recognise the relationship between the National Constitution and Hong Kong residents 4. to understand the basic
features and dynamism of the political system at local, national and global levels
5. to investigate causes, consequences and possible solutions of some
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Strand 1 Strand 2 Strand 3 Strand 4 Strand 5 Strand 6
personal finance confidently, sensibly and reflectively
2. to calculate risks, set realistic goals and implement scheduled plans
3. to make informed, viable and responsible decisions on matters concerning one’s health and relationship with others 4. to clarify values and
beliefs underlying one’s own decisions 5. to see things and think
from others’ perspectives
Values and attitudes 1. to cultivate positive life
attitudes and enhance self-esteem
2. to accept one’s responsibility as an individual and as member of a group
3. to respect oneself and members of different groups
4. to develop an attitude of mutual tolerance and appreciate diversity in perspectives
connected to the past 2. to apply concepts such as
cause and effect, change and continuity, historical significance so as to explore trends and developments, make connections, draw contrasts and process historical analyses 3. to identify, select and use
a range of historical sources, and to evaluate the sources used in order to make valid conclusions 4. to distinguish between
fact and opinion so as to form a better
understanding and interpretation of the past
Values and attitudes 1. to develop an interest in
the past and relate the study of the past to daily lives
2. to cultivate an enquiring mind through learning history
3. to nurture a sense of balanced judgement and objectivity through an understanding of human experiences
the understanding and comparison of the major characteristics of different cultures
2. to analyse how conflicts and cultural interflows arise from different cultural beliefs and ideas, and how they are addressed in different ways with different outcomes
3. to evaluate the costs and challenges in heritage preservation
4. to identify and analyse the impact of new technology and ideas on culture and heritage
Values and Attitudes 1. to support work relating
to the preservation and conservation of our heritage
2. to develop a sense of national identity as well as a global perspective 3. to cherish and reflect our
customs and traditions in our daily living
4. to respect the customs and cultures of peoples from different communities and ethnic groups and of different religious backgrounds
relevant graphical representations 2. to identify in the field
major features of natural and human environments 3. to make feasible
suggestions based on analysis of the impact of people-environment interaction on society and the natural environment
Values and Attitudes 1. to appreciate the
importance of global interdependence and collaboration
2. to participate actively in promoting environmental awareness and sustainable development
3. to respect diversified views on development issues and be ready to contribute to development plans for the well-being of society
economic data presented in textual, numerical and graphical forms 2. to analyse problems in
regard to limited resources by comparing the value and costs involved and make reasoned decisions
Values and Attitudes 1. to show concern for the
value and costs involved when making decisions regarding the use of limited resources 2. to respect the diversity of
the demand for the use of resources from different stakeholders in an economy 3. to appreciate the
contributions of different sectors to the social and economic development of Hong Kong
social and political issues at local, national and global levels and to recognise the meanings of identities at respective levels
Skills
1. to develop enquiry skills relating to public issues/civic affairs (e.g. to identify and analyse different sources of information reflecting multiple perspectives with respect to a social or political issue to make informed judgement) 2. to develop civic
competency in order to participate in local affairs (e.g. to evaluate specific positions about a social or political issue based on evidence and argument provided and to be able to develop a rational position with respect to the issue)
Values and attitudes
1. to appreciate, respect and reflect on the core social values (e.g. rights and responsibilities, freedom, the rule of law) as well as the significance of tolerance and respecting different opinions 2. to develop an attitude of
open-mindedness and respect for all peoples, including their cultures, values and ways of life