This study has some limitations, and suggestions are offered for future research.
First, the results revealed no clear construction effects, possibly because only Japanese-speaking learners were recruited. More subjects from different nations could be recruited in the future to obtain more significant results.
Moreover, in this study, we merely employed comprehension tasks, and no production tasks were conducted. Thus, task effects could not be examined. Future researchers may consider both comprehension and production tasks.
Additionally, in the GJ task, few questions were used to test learners’
comprehension of the grammatical and ungrammatical Mandarin clefts and pseudo-clefts.
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The AJ task included only two questions for each cleft type. More task items can be added in future research to gain more significant results. Moreover, the MCQ task included only two functions of Mandarin clefts to investigate contextual effects. More functions and test items of clefts and pseudo-clefts can be added and further examined in future research.
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Appendix A
The Grammaticality Judgment Task
請讀每個句子後，依文法判斷句子是否正確。 正確請打 O，錯誤請打 X。
作答範例:
( ) 我喜歡小花。
依中文文法，本句為正確的中文句子，所以打 O。
1. ( )瑪莉喜歡的這些花是。
2. ( )你知道他是在家的。
3. ( )我想做的打籃球。
4. ( )這是我的房子。
5. ( )瑪莉喜歡的是這些花。
6. ( )小明蘋果喜歡是。
7. ( )小明喜歡蘋果是。
8.( )裙子是很漂亮。
9.( )我老師是 。
10.( )張三小明喜歡是。
11.( )他喜歡認真學生。
12.( )我是學生。
13.( )你知道他在家。
14.( )今天是星期一。
15.( )他日本人是。
16.( )這些花是瑪莉喜歡的。
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22.他買糖果是在這間店，
不是在那間店。
23.小明寫作業是很快地。
24.我的家鄉是高雄。
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94
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Appendix D The Consent Form
參與研究同意書
說明
本研究旨在探討外國學習者在學習中文之狀況。在參與受試前，請受試者先參閱以 下敘述:
1. 本問卷僅供學術研究用， 所有收集到的問卷將只有實驗者及研究者能夠觀 看。
2. 本研究不會公開受試者的任何資料， 您的身分和作答答案將會受到嚴密保 護。所有答案將以匿名處理。因此，請您安心作答。
3. 如有任何關於此研究的問題，實驗者及研究者都非常樂於回答。
完成此項測驗時間約為 30 分鐘。
我已閱讀完上述敘述，並同意接受施測，且願意將施測結果提供此研究使用。
姓名: ________________________(簽名) 日期: 2016 年 ____ 月____ 日 Email: _______________________________________________ (僅供聯繫使用) 手機: _______________________________________________ (僅供聯繫使用)
非常感謝您的參與!!
國立臺灣師範大學語言學組 研究者: 程昱瑋
指導教授: 陳純音 教授 日期: 中華民國一○五年九月
96
Appendix E
The Background Information Sheet
一、受訪者資料
1. 國籍 Nationality:
2. 母語 First Language(s):
3. 年齡 Age:
4. 性別 Gender:
5. 教育程度 Education:
二、中文學習經驗
6. 什麼時候開始學中文? When did you start to learn Chinese?
________________________________________
7. 你在台灣學中文已經學了多久? How long have you been learning Chinese in Taiwan?
__________________________________________
8. 除了華語課以外,是否有其他練習中文的機會? In addition to the
Chinese classes at the MTC, do you have other chances to practice Chinese?
□ NO □YES, EX: ______________________
9. 現在使用的華語課本是? Which textbook are you using now?
___________________________________________
10.在家中與父母使用的語言是? What language(s) do you use to talk with your family?
____________________________________________