Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed below. First, the present study examined differences of kanji characters in forms and with meanings by Chinese learners of Japanese. However, some two-kanji characters which relate to the Japanese culture and idiom usage have not been included in our test. Hence, idiom-related kanji characters can be considered in future research to see how Chinese learners of Japanese interpret these kanji characters. Second, Moro (2014) indicated that some of Modern Chinese characters were borrowed from Japanese kanji characters, that is, those Modern Chinese characters originally created by Japanese. Since the present study did not distinguish the differences of Chinese- and Japanese-originated kanji characters, future research take borrowed kanji characters into consideration, and see whether L2 learners will perform differently.
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Appendix A
Items Used in Task 1: Kanji-picture Mapping Task
Part 1
說明：請根據圖片，從 3 個日文漢字選項中選出 1 個最符合/能形容圖片意義的日文漢 字。請將正確選項填於答案欄。共 15 題。
範例如下：
No.
答案 圖示 選項例 (A) (A)足 (B)踝 (C)支
正式題目開始：
No. 答案
Ans.
圖示 Pictures 選項 Choices1
vs.
請選出能形容右邊圖片相對應的日文漢字。
(A)嵐 (B)凪 (C)颯
2
(A)侶 (B)伙 (C)丐3
(A) 学ぶ(B) 励む
(C) 唸り
4
(A)吃る
(B) 流し
(C) 飲む
5
(A)嘴 (B)喙 (C)口6
(A)俘 (B)俠 (C)保7
(A)尊 (B)点 (C)礼8
(A) 穿つ(B) 当り
(C) 劃す
る
9
(A)廚 (B)厕 (C)厝10
(A)穗 (B) 弁 (C)便11
(A)幗 (B)帖 (C)幅12
(A)岔 (B)岑 (C)岫13
(A)雪 (B)雫 (C)雰14
(A)嫁 (B)妻 (C)娘15
(A)钉 (B)銛 (C)鉄請往下繼續作答↓
Part 2
說明：請根據圖片，從 3 個日文漢字複合詞選項中選出 1 個最符合圖片意義的日文複 合詞漢字。請將正確選項填於答案欄。共 15 題。
範例如下：
No.
答案 圖 選項例 (A) (A)
大根
(B) 萝卜
(C) 胡卜
正式題目開始：
No.
答案Ans.
圖 Pictures 選項 Choices1
(A)線軌
(B) 線道
(C) 線路
2
(A)首相
(B) 首上
(C) 首社
3
(A)戒信
(B) 戒指
(C) 戒毛
4
(A)反観
(B) 反気
(C) 反対
5
(A) 敗火(B) 着火
(C) 挙火
6
(A)點菜
(B) 點名
(C) 點火
7
(A)値域 (B) 売買
(C) 価標
8
(A)導師
(B) 藥師
(C) 廚師
9
(A) 平手(B) 巴掌
(C) 下手
10
(A)愛情
(B) 心中
(C) 情豪
11
(A)变風
(B) 冷気
(C) 涼風
12
(A)牛車
(B) 火車
(C) 風車
13
(A) 荒鬧(B) 荒乱
(C) 荒廃
14
(A)首巻
(B) 圍絹
(C) 凧衣
15
(A)花圈
(B) 商圈
(C) 項圈
第一份題目結束 Complete!
請往下繼續做第二份題目！感謝！
Appendix B
Items Used in Task 2: Kanji-context Mapping Task
Part 1
12
A ＿＿＿＿＿は自分の兄弟姉妹の生んだ子8
A ＿＿＿＿＿とは、個人的に行う裁縫、刺繍、Appendix C
Results of the Pilot Study
I. Form-driven Effects
a. Participants’ overall performances on three types of forms of Japanese kanji characters
Form Mean
same 0.68
semi-same 0.71
different 0.58
b. Overall performances of each group on the three types of forms Japanese kanji characters
Form same semi-same different Overall
Basic 0.58 0.67 0.53 0.59
Intermediate 0.63 0.63 0.5 0.59
advanced 0.83 0.83 0.72 0.79
II. Meaning-driven Effects
a. Participants’ overall performances on same and different meanings of Japanese kanji characters
Meaning Mean
same 0.82
different 0.57
b. Overall performances of each group on the three types of forms Japanese kanji characters
Meaning same different Overall
Basic 0.81 0.44 0.63
Intermediate 0.77 0.52 0.65
advanced 0.88 0.75 0.82
III. Type Effects
a. Participants’ overall performances on the four form-meaning-integrated types of Japanese
kanji characters
Type Mean
SF-SM 0.79
SF-DM 0.57
SsF-SM 0.85
SsF-DM 0.57
b. Overall performances of each group on the four form-meaning-integrated types Japanese
kanji characters
Type SF-SM SF-DM SsF-SM SsF-DM Overall
Basic 0.75 0.42 0.88 0.46 0.63
Intermediate 0.79 0.46 0.75 0.58 0.65
advanced 0.83 0.73 0.92 0.67 0.79
IV. Task Effects
a. Participants’ overall performances on the two tasks of Japanese kanji characters
Task Mean
PM 0.69
TM 0.65
b. Overall performances of each group on the two tasks of Japanese kanji characters
Task PM TM Overall
Basic 0.63 0.56 0.6
Intermediate 0.67 0.56 0.62
advanced 0.74 0.83 0.79
Appendix D Consent Form 參與研究同意書
說明：
本研究旨在探討台灣日語學習者針對漢字的學習狀況。在參與研究前請受試者先參閱 以下敘述：
1. 本問卷僅供學術研究之用，所有收集到的問卷將只有研究者能夠觀看。
2. 本研究不會公開受試者相關資料，您的身分和作答將會受到嚴密保護，所有答案都 會以匿名處理，請放心作答。
3. 本次測驗結果不會影響您的課堂成績。
4. 如果有關於此研究的問題，研究者非常樂意回答。
5. 參與本研究的受試者須完成 30 題漢字與圖片的對應判斷題與 30 題漢字與上下文 對應的判斷題，共 60 題。
我已閱讀完上述敘述，且同意接受施測，並將施測結果提供此研究使用。
姓名：_____________________________(簽名) 日期：2015 年___月___日 Email：_________________________________________________(僅供聯繫使用) 手機：_________________________________________________(僅供聯繫使用)
非常感謝您的參與！
國立台灣師範大學英語學系碩士班語言學組 研究生: 羅佳琪
指導教授: 陳純音教授 日期: 中華民國 104 年 2 月