Multiple-Choice Questions
Chapter 13: Prokaryotes and Viruses
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Introduction; p. 256; easy; ans: d
The oldest known fossils of prokaryotes are found in rocks dated at about ______ years old.
a. 3.5 million b. 35 million c. 350 million d. 3.5 billion e. 35 billion
2. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; moderate; ans: b
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?
a. Like eukaryotic plasma membranes, it is a lipid bilayer.
b. Like eukaryotic plasma membranes, it contains proteins and sterols.
c. In aerobic species, it is the site of the electron transport chain.
d. In some photosynthetic species it is the site of photosynthesis.
e. It has attachment sites for daughter chromosomes during cell division.
3. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 239; easy; ans: e In the photosynthetic purple bacteria, photosynthesis occurs in the:
a. pili.
b. glycocalyx.
c. cell wall.
d. nucleoid.
e. plasma membrane.
4. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; moderate; ans: c
The cell walls of Bacteria differ from those of Archaea and eukaryotes in that the cell walls of Bacteria contain:
a. cellulose.
b. sterols.
c. peptidoglycans.
d. phospholipids.
e. poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid.
5. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; difficult; ans: b
The cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria differ in that gram-positive species have cell walls:
a. with less peptidoglycan.
b. of greater thickness.
c. consisting of two layers.
d. with a layer of lipopolysaccharides.
e. with a structure similar to that of the plasma membrane.
6. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; moderate; ans: e The glycocalyx is a:
a. type of bacterial plasmid.
b. convoluted infolding of the prokaryotic plasma membrane.
c. type of inclusion body in prokaryotic cells.
d. constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive Bacteria.
e. slimy or gummy substance coating the outer surface of the prokaryotic cell wall.
7. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; easy; ans: d
In prokaryotes, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid is a storage compound occurring:
a. in the nucleoid.
b. in the plasma membrane.
c. in the cell wall.
d. as inclusion bodies.
e. as fimbriae.
8. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 258; moderate; ans: c
Prokaryotic flagella differ from eukaryotic flagella in that prokaryotic flagella:
a. are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
b. consist of microtubules.
c. consist of subunits of flagellin.
d. are long, slender appendages.
e. are involved in motility.
9. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 259; moderate; ans: a
Structures called _______ connect two cells and draw them together for DNA transfer.
a. pili b. flagellin c. flagella d. fimbriae e. nanotubes
10. Characteristics of the Prokaryotic Cell; p. 259; moderate; ans: e Which of the following statements concerning nanotubes is FALSE?
a. They have a plasma membrane.
b. They are composed of cell wall material.
c. They contain cytoplasm.
d. They provide a network for the exchange of molecules.
e. They are indistinguishable from pili.
11. Diversity of Form; p. 259; moderate; ans: a A coccus has a ______ shape.
a. spherical b. spiral c. cylindrical d. curved e. triangular
12. Diversity of Form; p. 259; moderate; ans: b
Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?
a. They consist of assemblages of cells enclosed in a matrix of molecules.
b. They are composed of bacteria but not archaea.
c. They require communication and signaling among cells.
d. An example is the film that develops on unbrushed teeth.
e. They increase the chances for survival of cells in the biofilm.
13. Reproduction and Gene Exchange; pp. 259–260; moderate; ans: a
Which of the following processes is NOT a type of lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes?
a. binary fission b. transduction c. transformation d. conjugation
e. horizontal gene transfer
14. Reproduction and Gene Exchange; pp. 260-261; moderate; ans: c
Which of the following is the uptake of DNA by a prokaryotic cell from its environment?
a. binary fission b. transduction c. transformation d. conjugation e. budding
15. Endospores; p. 261; moderate; ans: d
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic endospores is FALSE?
a. They are dormant, resting cells.
b. They form when a population of cells begins to exhaust its food supply.
c. They greatly increase the survival capacity of the cell.
d. They are resistant to heat but not to desiccation.
e. They can remain viable for long periods.
16. Metabolic Diversity; pp. 261-262; difficult; ans: c
By definition, autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that autotrophs:
a. use inorganic compounds as an energy source.
b. use light as an energy source.
c. use carbon dioxide as their sole source of carbon.
d. obtain their carbon from dead organic matter.
e. obtain their energy from dead organic matter.
17. Metabolic Diversity; p. 262; moderate; ans: b
Prokaryotes that use inorganic compounds rather than light as an energy source are called:
a. heterotrophs.
b. chemosynthetic autotrophs.
c. photosynthetic autotrophs.
d. psychrophiles.
e. saprotrophs.
18. Metabolic Diversity; p. 262; moderate; ans: a
Prokaryotes that can grow in the presence of oxygen, even though they cannot use oxygen, are called:
a. facultative anaerobes.
b. facultative aerobes.
c. photosynthetic autotrophs.
d. psychrophiles.
e. thermophiles
19. Metabolic Diversity; p. 262; difficult; ans: e
Which of the following statements about the ecological role of prokaryotes is FALSE?
a. Autotrophic species make major contributions to the global carbon balance.
b. Certain species fix atmospheric nitrogen.
c. Decomposers recycle materials from the bodies of dead organisms.
d. Certain bacteria degrade pesticides and other synthetic substances.
e. Certain prokaryotes are currently the most widely used method for cleaning up toxic dumps.
20. Metabolic Diversity; p. 263; moderate; ans: c
Bacterial fermentation of lactose is associated with the production of:
a. streptomycin.
b. tetracycline.
c. cheese.
d. vinegar.
e. amino acids.
21. Bacteria; p. 263; easy; ans: d
Phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are at least ______ major lineages of Bacteria.
a. 4 b. 5 c. 8
d. 17 → ….好吧，硬背，反正是我最喜歡的背號 e. 20
22. Bacteria; p. 264; moderate; ans: d
Which of the following statements about the environmental ranges of cyanobacteria is FALSE?
a. Most species are symbiotic.
b. Some species grow in hot springs.
c. Some species grow in Antarctic lakes.
d. Some species grow in acidic waters. → 藍菌討厭酸 e. Some species grow in the fur of polar bears.
23. Bacteria; p. 264; easy; ans: a
Stromatolites（疊層石） are produced when cyanobacteria:
a. bind calcium-rich sediments（沉積物）. → 有鈣才有石 b. produce sheaths covered with ice crystals.
c. react with the minerals in hot springs.
d. interact with fur.
e. interact with the roots of higher plants.
24. Bacteria; p. 265; difficult; ans: e
In the process of nitrogen fixation: → 關鍵是故氮菌厭氧
a. Photosystem II occurs but not Photosystem I.
b. cyclic photophosphorylation does not occur.
c. oxygen is produced as a waste product.
d. nitrogen gas is converted to amino acids.
e. nitrogen gas is converted to ammonium. → 溶於水
25. Bacteria; p. 265; moderate; ans: b
The heterocysts（異形細胞） of cyanobacteria are most closely associated with:
a. sporulation.
b. nitrogen fixation. → 這太明顯，都看到異形細胞了 c. photosynthesis.
d. gliding movements.
e. buoyancy.
26. Bacteria; p. 266; easy; ans: d
An akinete is a ______ of cyanobacteria.
a. photosynthetic pigment b. filamentous fragment c. storage compound
d. resistant spore → 哦哦原來這玩意是耐包子 e. pigment
27. Bacteria; p. 266; difficult; ans: e
______ are photosynthetic prokaryotes that contain chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids but lack
phycobilins（藻紅素藻藍素？）.
a. Mycoplasmas
b. Purple and green bacteria c. Mycoplasma-like organisms d. Cyanobacteria
e. Prochlorophytes → 原光合菌？XD
28. Bacteria; p. 266; moderate; ans: b
Which group of photosynthetic prokaryotes has bacteriochlorophyll and only one photosystem?
a. mycoplasmas
b. purple and green bacteria → 紫細菌、綠細菌，他們有細菌葉綠素 c. spiroplasmas
d. cyanobacteria e. prochlorophytes
29. Bacteria; p. 267; easy; ans: a
______ are probably the smallest organisms capable of independent growth.
a. Mycoplasmas → 黴漿菌是最小的細菌 b. Purple bacteria
c. Green sulfur bacteria d. Cyanobacteria e. Prochlorophytes
30. Bacteria; p. 267; moderate; ans: c
Citrus stubborn（柑橘硬化症） disease is caused by a:
a. green bacterium.
b. purple nonsulfur bacterium.
c. spiroplasma. → 螺原體，硬背吧…
d. cyanobacterium.
e. prochlorophyte.
31. Bacteria; p. 267; moderate; ans: e
What prokaryotes lack a cell wall and cause highly destructive diseases such as X-disease of peach?
a. prochlorophytes b. cyanobacteria
c. purple nonsulfur bacteria d. green nonsulfur bacteria
e. phytoplasmas → 沒細胞壁，第一個想到子囊菌
32. Bacteria; p. 268; easy; ans: c
A disease in which bacteria invade the vessels of the xylem and interfere with the movement of water and minerals is a:
a. blight.
b. soft rot.
c. wilt.
d. gall.
e. spot.
33. Archaea; p. 269; easy; ans: c
Which of the following statements concerning archaeans is FALSE?
a. Some inhabit hostile environments.
b. Some inhabit soils.
c. Some are pathogenic.
d. They are a major component of the oceanic picoplankton.
e. They can be divided into four groups.
34. Archaea; p. 269; easy; ans: d
______ are archaeans living in regions of very high salt concentration.
a. Mycoplasmas
b. Extreme thermophiles
c. Members of the genus Thermoplasma d. Extreme halophiles
e. Methanogens
35. Archaea; p. 270; easy; ans: e
The strict anaerobes residing in the digestive tracts of cattle are:
a. mycoplasmas.
b. extreme thermophiles.
c. members of the genus Thermoplasma.
d. extreme halophiles.
e. methanogens.
36. Archaea; p. 270; moderate; ans: c
Which group of archaeans lacks a cell wall?
a. mycoplasmas
b. extreme thermophiles
c. members of the genus Thermoplasma d. extreme halophiles
e. methanogens
37. Viruses; pp. 271-273; moderate; ans: d
Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?
a. Practically every kind of organism can be infected by a virus.
b. The simplest viruses consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid.
c. Some viruses have an RNA genome.
d. Outside its host cell, a virion has a slow metabolism. → 寄主細胞外無代謝 e. Some viruses contain double-stranded DNA.
38. Viruses; p. 272; moderate; ans: e
A viral disease of plants in which the symptoms are small, light-colored flecks intermingled with the
normal green of leaves and fruit is called:
a. ring spot.
b. yellows.
c. canker.
d. leaf roll.
e. mosaic. → 菸草「鑲嵌」病
39. Viruses; p. 272; easy; ans: a
The great majority of viruses have a genome composed of:
a. single-stranded RNA. → 單鍊RNA的病毒最多 b. single-stranded DNA.
c. double-stranded RNA.
d. double-stranded DNA.
e. RNA and DNA.
40. Viruses; p. 272; moderate; ans: a
Which of the following statements concerning plant viral infections is FALSE?
a. The viruses penetrate the cell wall. → 病毒不可能戳破細胞壁 b. Once inside the cell, the virion sheds its capsid.
c. The viral nucleic acid takes over the genetic machinery of the host cell.
d. Additional nucleic acids are produced.
e. Viral nucleic acids and proteins are assembled into additional virus particles.
41. Viruses; p. 273; easy; ans: a A viral capsid is a:
a. protein coat.
b. strand of DNA.
c. strand of RNA.
d. plasma membrane.
e. type of organelle.
42. Viruses; p. 274; moderate; ans: a
Movement proteins facilitate the movement of viruses:
a. through plasmodesmata.
b. through vessels.
c. through sieve tubes.
d. across the plasma membrane.
e. across the nuclear envelope.
43. Viruses; p. 274; moderate; ans: b
Which of the following statements concerning the hypersensitive response is FALSE?
a. It is a response to infection by different types of pathogens.
b. It is usually mediated by recessive genes. → 優勢基因（dominant gene）才對 c. It includes host cell death at the infection site.