• 沒有找到結果。

Suggestions for Future Research

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION

6.4 Suggestions for Future Research

Based on the limitations stated above, several suggestions are proposed for further research:

One possible direction for future research is to validate the revised model and reduplicate the present study by inviting participants with different characteristics and backgrounds, such as gender, culture, age, proficiency level, types of exposure to language learning. It is theoretically and practically valuable to examine whether the model can be generalized to other populations and to explore whether significant differences in the causal paths of the model exist among various groups of language learners.

Secondly, future studies can be conducted to validate the model by including qualitative data such as interviews, reflective diaries or think-aloud data. This qualitative data may provide insightful and realistic observations of learners’ exertion of self-regulatory capacity and the degree of expertise in strategy use.

Thirdly, longitudinal studies are encouraged to be overtaken to explore the change of the whole model system over time. This kind of research can enrich the understanding of the temporal dynamics in language learning motivation.

REFERENCES

Atkinson, J. W. (1957). Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior.

Psychological Review, 64, 359-372.

Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An introduction to motivation. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms, goals, structures and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 267-271.

Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning.

Educational Psychology, 28, 117-148.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

Bandura, A. & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 586-659.

Belmechri, F. & Hummel, K. (1998). Orientations and motivation in the acquisition of English as a second language among high school students in Quebec city.

Language Learning, 48, 219-244.

Bembenutty, H. (2004). Perception of self-efficacy, academic delay of gratification, and use of learning strategies among Korean college students. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.

Benson, P. (1997). The philosophy and politics of learner autonomy. In P. Benson & P.

Voller (Eds.), Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning (pp. 18-34).

London: Addison Wesley Longman.

Berwick, R. & Ross, S. (1989). Motivation after matriculation: Are Japanese learners of English still alive after examination hell? JALT, 11, 193-210.

Boekaerts, M., Pintrich. P. R., & Zeidner, M. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Brunstein, J. C. & Olbrich, E. (1985). Personal helplessness and action control:

Analysis of achievement-related cognitions, selfassessments, and performance.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1540-1551.

Carrell, P. L., Gajdusek, L., & Wise. T. (1998). Metacognition and EFL/ESL reading.

Instructional Science, 26, 97-122.

Chamot, A. U. (2005). Language learning strategy instruction: Current issues and research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 112-130.

Chamot, A. U. & Rubin, J. (1994). Comments on Janie Rees-Miller’s “A critical appraisal of learner training: Theoretical bases and teaching implications”.

TESOL Quarterly, 28, 371-376.

Chen, J. F., Warden, C. A., & Chang, H. T. (2005). Motivators that do not motivate:

The case of Chinese EFL learners and the influence of culture on motivation.

TESOL Quarterly, 39, 609-633.

Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1994). Motivation, self-confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44, 417-418.

Clément, R. & Kruidenier, B. (1983). Orientations on second language acquisition:

The effects of ethnicity, milieu and their target language on their emergence.

Language Learning, 33, 273-291.

Cohen, A. D. & Chi, J. C. (2002). Language strategy use inventory and index. In R. M.

Paige, A. D. Cohen, B. Kappler, J. C. Chi, & J. P. Lassegard (Eds.), Maximizing study abroad (pp. 16-28). Minneapolis: Center for Advanced Research for Language Acquisition, University of Minnesota.

Condly, S. J. (2000). Motivation to learn and to succeed: A path analysis of cane model of cognitive motivation. Dissertation Abstract International: Section A:

Humanities and Social Sciences, 60, 4312.

Corno, L. (1993). The best-laid plans: Modern Conceptions of volition and

educational research. Educational Researcher, 22, 14-22.

Corno, L. & Kanfer, R. (1993). The role of volition in learning and performance.

Review of Research in Education, 19, 301-341.

Csizer, K. & Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The internal structure of language learning

motivation: Results of structural equation modeling. Modern Language Journal, 89, 19-36.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum.

Dörnyei, Z. (2001a). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Dörnyei, Z. (2001b). Teaching and Researching Motivation. Longman, Harlow.

Dörnyei, Z. (2003a). Questionnaires in second language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dörnyei, Z. (2003b). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning:

Advances in theory, research, and application. Language Learning, 53, 3-32.

Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Dörnyei, Z. & Csizer, K. (2002). Motivational dynamics in second language

acquisition: Results of a longitudinal nationwide survey. Applied Linguistics, 23, 421-462.

Dörnyei, Z. & Ottó, I. (1998). Motivation in action: A process model of L2 motivation.

Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 4, 43-69. Thames Valley University, London.

Dörnyei, Z. & Skehan, P. (2003). Individual differences in second language learning.

In C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 590-630). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Eccles, J. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives (pp.75-146). San Francisco: Freeman.

Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J. L., et al. (1983). Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation (pp. 75-146). San Francisco, CA: W. H.

Freeman.

Eccles, J., Midgley, C., & Adler, T. (1984). Grade-related changes in the school motivation. In J. Nicholls (Ed.), Advances in motivation and achievement: The development of achievement motivation. (Vol. 3., pp.283-331). Greenwich, CT:

JAI Press.

Eccles, J. & Wigfield, A. (1995). In the mind of the actor: The structure of

adolescents’ achievement task values and expectancy-related beliefs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 215-225.

Eccles, J. S. & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109-132.

Eccles, J., Wigfield, A., Flanagan, C., Miller, C., Reuman, D., & Yee, D. (1989).

Self-concepts, domain values, and self-esteem: Relations and changes at early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 57, 283-310.

Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ely, C. M. (1986). Language learning motivation: A descriptive and causal analysis.

The Modern Language Journal, 70, 28-35.

Feather, N. (1988). Values, valences, and course enrollment: Testing the role of personal values within an expectancy-value framework. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 381-391.

Garcia, T., McCann, E. J., Turner, J. E., & Roska, L. (1998). Modeling the mediating

role of volition in the learning process. Contemporary Education Psychology, 23, 392-418.

Garcia, T. & McKeachie, W. J. (2005). The making of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire. Educational Psychologist, 40, 117-28.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. London: Edward Arnold.

Gardner, R. C. & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.

Gardner, R. C. & MacIntyre, P. D. (1991). An instrumental motivation in language study: Who says it isn’t effective? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 57-72.

Gardner, R. C., Tremblay, P. F., & Masgoret, A. M. (1997). Towards a full model of second language learning: An empirical investigation. The Modern Language Journal, 81, 344-362.

Gollwitzer, P. M. (1990). Action phases and mind-sets. In E. T. Higgins & R. M.

Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. New York: Guilford.

Halisch, F. & Kuhl, J. (1987). Motivation, intention and volition. Berlin:

Springer-Verlag.

Harter, S. (1985). Competence as a dimension of self-evaluation: Toward a

comprehensive model of self-worth. In R. Leahy (Ed.), The development of the self (pp. 55-121). New York: Academic Press.

Heckhausen, H. (1991). Motivation and action. New York: Springer.

Heckhausen, H. & Kuhl, J. (1985). From wishes to action: the dead ends and short cuts on the long way to action. In M. Frese & J. Sabini (Eds.), Goal-directed behavior: The concept of action in psychology (pp.134-160). Hillsdale, NJ:

Erlbaum.

Huang, S. C. & Chang, S. F. (1996). Self-efficacy of English as a second language learner: An example of four learners. Eric Research Report (143). ED 396536.

Inbar, O., Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Shohamy, E. (2001). Students’ motivation as a function of language learning: The teaching of Arabic in Israel. In Z. Dörnyei &

R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 297-311).

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Koizumi, R. & Kai, T. (1992). Changes in attitudes, motives and perceived attainment in learning English: A cross-sectional study in seventh through ninth grade.

Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education, 41, 297-307.

Kuhl, J. (1985). Volitional mediators of cognition-behavior consistency:

Self-regulatory processes and action versus state orientation. In J. Kuhl & J.

Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp.101-128).

New York: Springer.

Kuhl, J. (1987). Action control: The maintenance of motivational states. In F. Halish

& J. Kuhl (Eds.), Motivation, intention, and volition (pp.279-291). Berlin:

Springer.

Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (Eds.). (1985). Action control: From cognition to behavior.

Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (Eds.). (1994). Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation. Seattle, WA: Hogrede & Huber Publishers.

Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance.

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Macaro, E. (2006). Strategies for language learning and for language use: revising the theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal, 90, 320-337.

MacIntyre, P. D. & Noels, K. A. (1996). Using social-psychological variables to

predict the use of language learning strategies. Foreign Language Journals, 29, 373-386.

MacIntyre, P., MacMaster, K., & Baker, S. C. (2001). The convergence of multiple models of motivation for second language learning: Gardner, Pintrich, Kuhl, and McCroskey. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second

language acquisition (pp.461-492). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Marsh, H. (1990). Causal ordering of academic self-concept and academic

achievement: A multivariate, longitudinal panel analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 417-430.

McCann, E. J. & Garcia, T. (1999). Maintaining motivation and regulating emotion:

Measuring individual differences in academic volitional strategies. Learning and Individual Differences, 11, 259-279.

McCann, E. J. & Turner J. E. (2004). Increasing student learning through volitional control. Teachers College Record, 106, 1695-1714.

McDonough, S. K. (2001). Promoting self-regulation in foreign language learners.

Clearing House, 74, 323-326.

Meece, J. L., Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (1990). Predictors of math anxiety and its consequences for young adolescents’ course enrollment intentions and

performances in mathematics. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 60-70.

Menec, V. H., Schonwetter, D. J., Struthers, C. W., & Perry, R. P. (1993). The effect of action control on college students’ motivation and achievement when instruction is ineffective. Presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta.

Mori, S. (2002). Redefining motivation to read in a foreign language. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14, 91-110.

Mori, S (2007) Language learning strategy use for learners of Japanese in different

levels. Online Submission, 24pp. Retrieved January 22, 2008, from

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/000001 9b/80/29/8c/79.pdf

Mori, S. & Gobel, P. (2006). Motivation and gender in the Japanese EFL classroom.

System, 34, 194-210.

Nisbet, D. L., Tindall, E. R., & Arroyo, A. A. (2005). Language learning strategies and English proficiency of Chinese university students. Foreign Language Annals, 38, 100-107.

Noels, K. A. (2001). Learning Spanish as a second language: Learners’ orientations and perceptions of their teachers’ communication style. Language Learning, 51, 107-144.

Noels, K. A., Clément, R., & Pelletier, L. G. (1999). Perceptions of teachers’

communicative style and students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Modern Language Journal, 83, 23-34.

Noels, K. A., Clément, R., & Pelletier, L. G. (2001). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and integrative orientations of French Canadian Learners of English. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57, 424-444.

Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clément, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language learning, 53, 33-63.

Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. New York: Newburry House.

Oxford, R., & Crookall, D. (1989). Research on language learning strategies: Methods, findings, and instructional issues. Modern Language Journal, 73, 404-419.

Oxford, R. & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.

Park, G. P. (1997). Language learning strategies and English proficiency in Korean university students. Foreign Language Annals, 30, 211-221.

Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M.

Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp.

451-502). San Diego, California: Academic Press.

Pintich, P. R. (2002). The role of metacognitive knowledge in learning, teaching, and assessing. Theory into Practice, 41, 219-225.

Pintrich, P. R. & De Groot, E. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40.

Pintrich, P. R. & Schrauben, B. (1992). Students’ motivational beliefs and their cognitive engagement in classroom tasks. In D. Schunk & J. Meece (Eds.), Students perceptions in the classroom: Causes and consequences (pp.149-183).

Hillsdale: NJ:Erlbaum.

Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk D.H. (1996). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research and Applications. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and predictive validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire

(MSLQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 801-813.

Pressley, M. & Harris, K. R. (2006) Cognitive strategies instruction: From basic research to classroom instruction. In P. A. Alexander & P. H. Winne (Eds), Handbook of Educational Psychology (pp. 265-281). Mahwah, N.J. :Erlbaum.

Randi, J & Corno, L. (2000). Teacher innovations in self-regulated learning. In M.

Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of Self-regulation (pp.

651-685). San Diego: Academic Press.

Rao, N. & Sachs, J. (1999). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Chinese version of the

Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59, 1016-1029.

Reed, J. H., Hagan, A. S., Wicker, F. W., & Schallert, D. L. (1996). Involvement as a temporal dynamic: Affective factors in studying for exams. Journal of

Educational Psychology, 88, 101-109.

Reed, J. H. & Schallert, D. L. (1993). The nature of involvement in academic discourse tasks. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 253-266.

Reed, J. H., Schallert, D. L., & Deithloff, L. (2000). Understanding students’

involvement in academic tasks. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association meeting. New Orleans, LA.

Reed, J. H., Schallert, D. L., & Deithloff, L. F. (2002). Investigating the interface between self-regulation and involvement processes. Educational Psychologist, 37, 53-57.

Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

Sachs, J., Law, Y. K., & Chan, C. K. K. (2001). A nonparametric item analysis of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire─Chinese Version. Psychologia:

An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 44, 197-208.

Samimy, K. K. & Tabuse, M. (1992). Affective variables and a less commonly taught language: A study in beginning Japanese classes. Language Learning, 42, 377-398.

Schmidt, R. & Watanable, Y. (2001). Motivation, strategy use, and pedagogical preferences in foreign language learning. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 313-359). Honolulu, HI:

University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching Center.

Schneider, B., Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Knauth, S. (1995). Academic challenge, motivation, and self-esteem: The daily experience of students in high school. In M. T. Hallinan (Ed.), Restructuring schools: Promising practices and policies (pp. 175-195). New York: Plenum.

Schraw, G. (1998). Promoting general metacognitive awareness. Instructional Science, 26, 113-125.

Schumann, J. H. (1998). The Neurobiology of Affect in Language. Oxford: Balckwell.

Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.

Shaaban, K. A., & Ghaith, G. (2000). Student motivation to learn English as a foreign language. Foreign Language Annuals, 33, 632-644.

Sternberg, R. J. (1998). Metacognition, abilities, and developing expertise: What makes an expert student? Instructional Science, 26, 127-140.

Streiner, D. L. (2005). Finding our way: An introduction to path analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 115-122.

Strong, M. (1984). Integrative motivation: cause or result of successful language acquisition? Language Learning, 34, 1-14.

Tachibana, Y., Matsukawa, R., & Zhong, Q. X. (1996). Attitudes and motivation for learning English: A cross-national comparison of Japanese and Chinese high school students. Psychological reports, 79, 691-700.

Tian, J. P. (2005). Classroom language teaching and students motivation, CELEA Journal Bimonthly, 28, 90-94.

Trawick, L., & Corno, L. (1995). Expanding the volitional resources of urban community college students. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 63, 57-70.

Tremblay, P. & Gardner, R. C. (1995). Expanding the motivation construct in

language learning. Modern Language Journal, 79, 505-518.

Tseng, W. T. (2006). Motivation, self-regulation and vocabulary acquisition: A structural equation modeling analysis. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.

Tseng, W. T., Dornyei, Z., & Schmitt, N. (2006). A new approach to assessing

strategic learning: The case of self-regulation in vocabulary acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 27, 78-102.

Tseng, W. T., & Schmitt, N. (2008). Towards a model of motivated vocabulary learning: A structural equation modeling approach. Language Learning, 58, 357-400.

Tweles, B. (1995). Motivation as a two-sided coin: motivational differences between college-level Chinese and Japanese learners of EFL. Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education, 2, 3-18.

Ushioda, E. (1996). Developing a dynamic concept of L2 motivation, In T. Hickey, &

J. Williams (Eds.), Language, education, and society in a changing world.

Multilingual Matters, LTD: Dublin.

Vandergrift, L. (2003). Orchestrating strategy use: Toward a model of skilled second language listener. Language Learning, 53, 463-496.

Vandergrift, L. (2005). Relationships among motivation orientations, metacognitive awareness and proficiency in L2 listening. Applied Linguistics, 26, 70-89.

Vann, R. J. & Abraham, R. G. (1990). Strategies of unsuccessful language learners.

TESOL Quarterly, 24, 177-198.

Warden, C. A. & Lin, H. J. (2000). Existence of integrative motivation in an Asian EFL setting. Foreign Language Annals, 33, 535-547.

Weiner, B. (1992). Human Motivation: Metaphors, Theories and Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Wen, X. (1997). Motivation and language learning with students of Chinese. Foreign Language Annuals, 30, 235-251.

Wenden, A. L. (1998). Metacognitve knowledge and language learning. Applied Linguistics, 19, 515-537.

Wigfield, A. (1994). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 6, 49-78.

Wigfield, A. & Eccles, J. S. (1992). The development of achievement task value: A theoretical analysis. Developmental Review. 12, 265-310.

Wigfield, A. & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 68-81.

William, M. & Burden, R. L. (1999) Students’ developing conceptions of themselves as language learners. Modern Language Journal, 83, 193-201.

Winne, P. H. (2001). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information processing. In B. Zimmerman, & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: Theoretical Perspectives (2nd ed.). Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Wolters, C. A. (2003). Regulation of motivation: Evaluating an underemphasized aspect of self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 38, 189-205.

Wong, M. M. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Motivation and academic achievement:

The effects of personality traits and the quality of experience. Journal of Personality, 59, 539-574.

Yamamori, K., Isoda, T., Hiromori, T., & Oxford, R. L. (2003). Using cluster analysis to uncover L2 learner differences in strategy use, will to learn, and achievement over time. IRAL, 4, 381-409.

Zhang, D. & Goh, C. C. M. (2006). Strategy knowledge and perceived strategy use:

Singaporean students’ awareness of listening and speaking strategies. Language

Awareness, 15, 199-219.

Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25, 3-17.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R., Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2001). Reflections on theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (pp. 289-307). Mahwah, NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum.

APPENDIX A—Questionnaire Used in the Pilot Study

Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often Always

1. 我試著花時間尋找新的、而且較好的英文學習方法。

2. 我試著改進我用過的英文學習方法。

Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often Always

Never Rarely Sometimes Often Very Often Always

28. 如果我遇到不懂的英文,我會試著馬上找出它的意思。

29. 我會試著留心注意有關英文學習的材料與資訊。

30. 我會進行練習如何把新的英文學習方法應用到適當的學習

情境上。

31. 我利用課餘時間唸英文。

32. 我會請英文老師給我一些額外的英文作業來做。

謝謝你的參與 ☺

APPENDIX B—Chinese Version of the Measure of L2 Choice Motivation

17. 我期望能在英文課表現良好。

18. 英文課最讓我滿足的事,就是我試著去徹底了解上課內容。

19. 我覺得英文課所學的東西對我有用。

20. 如果有機會可以選擇的話,就算不能保證讓我得到好成績,

我還是會選擇可以讓我學到東西的英文作業。

21. 如果我無法理解英文課程內容,我會覺得那是因為我不夠努

力。

22. 我喜歡英文課的上課內容。

23. 理解英文課的課程內容對我來說是重要的。

24. 我確信我可以精通英文課所學的東西。

25. 因為向家人、朋友或其他人展現我的能力很重要,所以我想

在英文方面表現很好。

26. 評估完英文課的難度、英文老師的上課方式、還有我的能力

之後,我覺得我可以在英文方面表現良好。

APPENDIX C—English Version of the Measure of L2 Choice Motivation (Formal Study)

Dear fellow students,

First of all, thanks for your participation. This questionnaire aims to explore English learning of senior high school students in Taiwan. It’s only for academic purposes. Your response data is absolutely confidential and have no impact on your grades. So please feel comfortable to fill it out. Besides, the questionnaire is not a test

First of all, thanks for your participation. This questionnaire aims to explore English learning of senior high school students in Taiwan. It’s only for academic purposes. Your response data is absolutely confidential and have no impact on your grades. So please feel comfortable to fill it out. Besides, the questionnaire is not a test