5. The UPR beyond the procedure
5.3 The UPR: a catalyst for public debate on human rights
At the outset of the third cycle of the UPR, the focus of the international community, civil society and NHRIs is on the implementation of the UPR recommendations. The focus on im-plementing recommendations needs to be line with the fundamental objective of improving the human rights situation on the ground. All States are obligated to implement their
accept-Annexes
Annex 1: Participants to the workshop, questionnaires and interviews International and regional networks
Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions Conectas
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies Forum Asia on Human Rights and Development National Human Rights Institutions Danish Institute for Human Rights South African Human Rights Commission Commission of Human Rights of the Philippines Australian Human Rights Commission
National Human Rights Commission in Bangladesh New Zealand Human Rights Commission
Tanzanian Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos de Chile
Civil society organizations Annapurnapost (Nepal)
Arab NGO Network for Development ( Lebanon) Australian Lawyers for Human Rights (Australia)
Le Centre d’Information et de Formation en matière de Droits Humains en Afrique (Burkina Faso) Centro de Capacitación Social (Panama)
Centro de Estudios Estratégicos (Panama) Centro de las Mujer Panameña (Panama) Colectivo Voces Ecológicas (Panama)
Confederación Unión General de Trabajadores (Panama) Constitutional Lawyers Forum Nepal (Nepal)
Convergencia Sindical (Panama)
Coordinadora de Derechos Humanos del Paraguay (Paraguay) Conectas (Brazil)
Forum Human Rights (Forum Menschenrechte) (Germany) Humanrights.ch (Switzerland)
Mtwara Paralegal Center (Tanzania)
People’s Empowerment Foundation (Thailand) US Human Rights Network (United States of America) Tanzania Human Rights Defender Coalition (Tanzania) Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Economía (Panama) Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung offices
FES Nepal FES Panama FES Uruguay community and the legislative branch. In turn, public discussion and dialogue are necessary
to anchor the UPR process and recommendations into concrete and context-sensitive policies and measures.
16Surya P. Subedi, 2001, Protection of Human Rights through the Mechanism of the UN Special Rapporteur, in Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 33, Number 1, p. 204.
17Ben Schokman and Phil Lynch, 2012, “Effective NGO engagement with the Universal
Periodic Review”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144 –145.
18 Interview of Joshua Cooper, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eSbZ0JCWDk.
19 Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council, para 3 (m): “The universal periodic review should: (…) (m) Ensure the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations and NHRIs (…)”.
20Yves Lador, 2007, “The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations”, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, published by the Swiss government. p. 138.
21Idem, fn 19, para 3 (f).
22 Idem fn 16, p. 226.
23 A/HRC/RES/16/21, Review of the work and functioning of the Human Rights Council, Annex. I. B.
24 A/HRC/RES/5/1, Institution building of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Annex, para 3 (m).
25 Idem, para 15 (a).
26A/HRC/RES/16/21., Review of the work and functioning of the Human Rights Council, Annex, para 17.
27 Idem, para 13.
28 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Practical recommendations for the creation and maintenance of a safe and enabling environment for civil society, based on good practices and lessons learned. A/HRC/32/20. April 2011, p. 4, para 8.
29 Idem, p. 4, para 9.
30 Notably by UPR-info and the International Service for Human Rights.
31 See the United Nations reports “Cooperation with the United Nations, its representatives and mecha-nisms in the field of human rights”. A/HRC/33/19. Adopted on 16 August 2016; in addition to previous reports on the same issue at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Actsofintimidationandreprisal.
aspx.
1A/HRC/RES/16/21. Annex. 1.C. 6. “The second and subsequent cycles of the review should focus on, inter alia, the implementation of the accepted recommendations and the developments of the human rights situation in the State under review.”
2 Human Rights Council 5/1. Institution-building of the United Nations Human Rights Council. 2006.
3 UPR Info. New UPR Modalities for the Second Cycle. 2014.
4 Statement by the International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) made in June 2016. Available at:
http://www.ishr.ch/news/towards-upr-which-accessible-strong-effective-and-protective-0
5 Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), 2015, Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review.
Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press, p. 10.
6 Idem, p. 7.
7 Idem p. 8.
8ANND, 2016, UPR and Civil Society. Compilation of Best Practices. p. 13.
9OHCHR, 2015, UPR News. Mainstreaming Human Rights. Issue no.1. p. 2.
10 A/RES/48/134, National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, General Assembly 1993.
11 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkmWSkrQAno.
12 Felice D. Gaer, 2007, A Voice Not an Echo: Universal Periodic Review and the UN Treaty Body System, Human Rights Law Review 7:1.
13Luis Alfonso de Alba, 2007, “Reviewing the Process: Challenges in the Creation of the Human Rights Council”, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, published by the Swiss government. p. 49.
14 Loulichki, Mohammed, “The Universal Periodic Review or the Promise of a New Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights”, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, pub-lished by the Swiss government. p 86.
15 Thomas Husak, 2007, “In Defence of the United Nations Special Procedures”, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, published by the Swiss government. p. 94.
43 Presentation delivered at the annual international training session of the CIFEDHOP.
44 Website of the New Zealand Human Rights Action Plan: www.hrc.co.nz/your-rights/human-rights/npa
45US Human Rights Network Website, http://www.ushrnetwork.org/members/taskforce/upr-taskforce.
46 Questionnaire received from Conectas.
47 Questionnaire received from the Centro de Estudios Estratégicos.
48Questionnaire received from Australian Human Rights Lawyer.
49Denmark was reviewed in January 2016.
50The Danish Institute for Human Rights, www.humanrights.dk/about-us/the-council-human-rights
51https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GS4R3HIHyY&feature=youtu.be.
52 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdcmG7LCl00&feature=youtu.be.
53 Section 5 (2) (m) of the Human Rights Act 1993 requires the New Zealand Human Rights Commission to “develop a national plan of action, in consultation with interested parties, for the promotion and protection of human rights in New Zealand.”
54 Sarah Joseph, 2012, “Global media coverage of the Universal Periodic Review”, in Hilary Charles-worth and Emmal Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism.
Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
55Idem. p. 147.
56 Questionnaire received from Conectas.
57 Idem fn 54, p. 166.
58 Idem fn 54, p.148
59 Idem fn 54, p.154.
60Idem fn 54, p.154
61 The podcast can be found at: https://soundcloud.com/conectas/camila-asano-da-conectas.
32 https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2016-10-03/opening-remarks-rress-conference-palais-des-nations.
33 Web article by the ISHR. UN and States must address continuing failure to prevent and ensure ac-countability for reprisals, (13 June 2016) available at: http://www.ishr.ch/news/un-and-States-must-ad-dress-continuing-failure-prevent-and-ensure-accountability-reprisals.
34 ISHR, 2016, Ending reprisals against those who cooperate with the United Nations in the field of human rights. pp 11 and 12.
35Idem fn 5, p. 10.
36Marisa Viegas e Silva, 2013, The United Nations Human Rights Council: Six Years On, in International Journal On Human Rights SUR, Vol 10, 97-114. No. 18; Edward R. McMahon, Kojo Busia and Marta Ascherio, 2013, Comparing Peer Reviews: The Universal Periodic Review of the UN Human Rights Coun-cil and the African Peer Review Mechanism, in African and Asian Studies 12, 266-289.
37 Leanne Cochrane & Kathryn McNeilly, 2013, The United Kingdom, the United Nations Human Rights Council and the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review, The International Journal of Human Rights, 17:1, 152-177; Emma Hickey, (2013), The UN’s Universal Periodic Review: Is it Adding Value and Improving the Human Rights Situation on the Ground? A Critical Evaluation of the First Cycle and Recommendations for Reform, in ICL Journal Vienna International Journal on Constitutional Law. Vol. 7.
See also the following studies: UPR-info, 2012, The Follow-up Programme, “On the road to implemen-tation and Danish Institute for Human Rights and the International Coordinating Committee of NHRIs, Universal Periodic Review First Cycle. Reporting Methodologies from the Position of the State, Civil Society and NHRIs.
38 This is a reference to the theory of social movement studies and the structure of political opportu-nities as applied to transnational protest. See Donatella della Porta, Hanspeter Kriesi and Dieter Rucht, 1999, Social Movements in a Globalizing World, Macmillan press.
39Putnam, Robert D., 1988, Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: the Logic of Two-level Games, Interna-tional Organization 42:3, pp. 427-460.
40 Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, 1999, Transnational Advocacy Network in International and Regional politics. ISSJ 159, UNESCO, pp. 89-101.
41 Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998, Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in interna-tional politics, Cornell University Press.
42 Focused interviews were conducted with representatives of Conectas (Brazil), the German Forum for Human Rights, the Danish Institute for Human Rights, The New Zealand Human Rights Commission, the Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh and the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines.
safio-do-brasil-e-cumprir-antigas;
75Information collected from the representative of the People Empowerment Foundation, at the FES &
CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
76 Questionnaire from the Tanzania Human Rights Defender Coalition (THRDC).
77Human Rights Online Philippines, https://hronlineph.com/2012/05/26/announcement-chrp-opens-ihu-manrights-facebook-page-and-tweeter-account/
78 Interview with the representative of Forum Asia in Geneva.
79 Information collected from the representative of the Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos, at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
80Idem, fn 78.
81 Questionnaire received from Coordinadora derechos humanos del Paraguay.
82 Questionnaire received from Convergencia Sindical.
83Questionnaire received from a consultant who worked for the Centrales de trabajadoras y traba-jadores of Honduras.
84Centro de la mujer panameña, http://www.centromujerpanama.org.
85 Questionnaire received from the Centro de la Mujer Panameña.
86Questionnaire received from Australian Lawyers for Human Rights.
87 Yuyun Wahyuningrum, 2012, “Indonesia and the Universal Periodic Review: negotiating rights”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emmal Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press. p. 259.
88 Questionnaire received from Tanzania Human Rights Defender Coalition (THRDC).
62 The Burkina Faso national UPR coalition is composed by the Mouvement burkinabè des droits de l’Homme et des peuples (MBDHP), the Centre d’Information et de Formation en matière des Droits Hu-mains en Afrique (CIFDHA), l’Ecole, instrument de paix (EIP/Burkina), the Commission épiscopale Justice et Paix, de l’Organisation démocratique de la jeunesse (ODJ) and the Syndicat burkinabè des magistrats (SMB).
63 For press coverage, see http://lepaysarchives.com/oldsite/?EXAMEN-PERIODIQUE-UNIVERSEL-DU.
64 Idem, fn 47.
65 Idem fn 8, p. 7.
66 “INSAN Coalition for Universal Periodic Review” was formed in December 2012 by a group of Jorda-nian Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), media professionals and experts on human rights. The Coalition included the following CSOs: Phenix Centre for Economic and Informatics Studies, Da’am Centre for Training and Consultancy, Tamkeen for Human Rights and Legal Aid, Justice Centre for Legal Aid, Jorda-nian Women’s Union, Human and Environment Observatory, JordaJorda-nian Federation of Independent Trade Unions, and Jordanian Labor Watch. Joining these CSOs are Mr. Moath Al Momani, lawyer, Mrs. Rania Al Sarayreh, Mrs. Nadeen Al Nimiri and Mr. Mohamed Shamma, Journalists. Source: joint submission to the 2nd UPR on Jordan.
67 Idem, fn 8, p. 9.
68 Idem fn 54, p. 165.
69 Information collected from the representative of ANND, at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held in 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
70 Questionnaire received from Conectas.
71 Information collected from the representative of the Forum Asia on Human Rights and Development, at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held in 19-20 April 19-2016 in Geneva.
72Questionnaire received from FES Uruguay.
73 The Lebanese Women Democratic Gathering, http://www.rdflwomen.org/eng/civil-society-launches-joint-reports-prepared-in-context-of-its-participation-in-upr-session-in-un-in-geneva/
74 For the purpose of illustration, the articles are cited in English, based on a free translation of the original version published in Portuguese. Links to the original texts are available at:
http://site.adital.com.br/site/noticia.php?lang=PT&cod=81658;
http://site.adital.com.br/site/noticia.php?lang=PT&cod=70659;
http://www.ebc.com.br/noticias/internacional/2012/09/apos-aceitar-recomendacoes-da-onu-de-http://www.alquds.co.uk/?p=448324z%60;
http://www.almustaqbal.com/v4/Article.aspx?Type=np&Articleid=686579
104Nathalie Baird, 2012, “The Universal Periodic Review: building a bridge between the Pacific and Geneva?”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
105 Idem, p. 204.
106OHCHR, UPR News, 2015, “Mainstreaming Human Rights”. Issue no1. August 2015. Page 3. The original name of the organization is “Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Direitos Humanos (IDDH)”,. www.
http://iddh.org.br.
107 Idem fn 28, p. 12, para 54.
108 Idem, p. 13, para. 61.
109 Takele Soboka Bulto, 2012, “Africa’s engagement with the Universal Periodic Review: commitment or capitulation”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emmal Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Peri-odic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
110 Idem. fn 81.
111OHCHR, Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/MDG/Pages/The2030Agenda.aspx
112 Idem fn 28, p. 2.
113 Idem fn 28, p. 10.
114 Idem fn 28, p. 8.
115Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), 2015, Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press.
116 Questionnaire received from the Australia Human Rights Commission.
117 Information collected at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights aware-ness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
118Takele Soboka Bulto, 2012, “The effects of the Universal Periodic Review on human rights practices in the United States”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press.p. 234.
89 See fn 66.
90In French: http://www.humanrights.ch/fr/droits-humains-suisse/epu/: In German: http://www.human-rights.ch/de/menschenrechte-schweiz/upr/
91 Post by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies: http://www.cihrs.org/?p=18294&lang=en
92 In this regard, see Kate Gilmore, Luis Mora, Alfonso Barragues, and Ida Krogh Mikkelsen, 2015, The Universal Periodic Review: A Platform for Dialogue, Accountability, and Change on Sexual and Repro-ductive Health and Rights, in Health and Human Rights Journal, vol 17, No. 2. pp. 167-179; Rita Izsák , 2015, Minority Issues in the First Cycle of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), An analysis by the UN Special Rapporteur on minority issues, and Save the Children, 2014, Child Rights Governance Universal Periodic Review: Successful examples of child rights advocacy.
93 Kate Gilmore, Luis Mora, Alfonso Barragues, and Ida Krogh Mikkelsen, 2015, The Universal Periodic Review: A Platform for Dialogue, Accountability, and Change on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, in Health and Human Rights Journal, vol 17, No. 2. p. 178.
94Questionnaire received from Australian Lawyers for Human Rights.
95 Contribution submitted in writing by the Human Rights Commission in Philippines.
96 Questionnaire received from the Mtawara Paralegal Center.
97 Focused interview with the representative of German Forum for Human Rights.
98 Focused interview with the representative of Conectas.
99Commonwealth, Estimates, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislative Committee, 20 October 2015, 13-16, 26-30. At http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/esti-mate/b2ac3d04-3b49-4dbc-b8f5-568935767ea9/toc_pdf/Legal%20and%20Constitutional%20 Affairs%20Legislation%20Committee_2015_10_20_3922_Official.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#-search=%22universal%20periodic%20review%20%20legal%20and%20constitutional%20affairs%20 legislation%20committee%22
100Idem fn 93, p. 178.
101Idem, fn 47.
102 Contribution by the National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh.
103The press coverage can be seen at: http://www.lebanonfiles.com/news/972997;
http://www.albaladonline.com/ar/NewsDetails.aspx?pageid=363523;
119 Information collected at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights aware-ness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
120Idem, fn 116.
121 Views collected at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
122 Idem, fn 47.
123Questionnaire received from People Empowerment Foundation.
124 Idem, fn 72.
125 Idem.
126Questionnaire received from FES Uruguay.
127 Idem, fn 97.
128 Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking, 2014, “Introduction: the regulatory power of the Universal Periodic Review”, in Hilary Charlesworth and Emma Larking (eds), Human Rights and the Universal Periodic Review. Rituals and Ritualism. Cambridge University Press.
129 Bertrand Badie, 1999, Un monde sans souveraineté. Les Etats entre ruse et responsabilité, Editions Fayard.
130 Donatella della Porta and Hanspter Kriesi, 1999, Social Movements in a Globalizing World: an Intro-duction, in Donatella della Porta, Kriesi Hanspter and Dieter Rucht (eds.), MacMillan, London. p 5.
131 Inspired from della Porta and Kriesi original figure. Idem, p. 5.
132 Views collected at the FES & CIFEDHOP Workshop on the UPR as a human rights awareness-raising process, held 19-20 April 2016 in Geneva.
ISBN: 978-3-95861-741-4