新聞工作者如何蒐集資料？專家知識的初探

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(1)51(Nov'04)35-48 ISSN 1023-2125. ~.ff Btl .:r.. i1= 4f -g.c iEJ){#.;jt*4 ?:t. ~~[J ~ B~ f]J ~. •. How Journalists Gather Information? An Explorative Study. Fi. Ef. ~. Pailin Chen. *. llt}€;**~M ;Uttt. Associate Professor, Department of Journalism. National Chengchi University. E-mail: b1chen@nccu.edU.tw. [ ~1tj.:t- Abstract]. ... ••• ~.~ ~ft.~~~ '~~k*mW.~~·~A~~§.~~M;~*4*.*~.o.MI ••• ~ .6.~~~.W1.'.I~~.~~ak~M·~~kW~·I ••• ~~1 J.~.:~~~ .·~~~.·.~~.~A.~.~~~.·~~*4~+~_4~~~1 ' •• a~~ ••• ~ .M~~~~~~~.~-'k.~~.~~~~§·._~~I~~wm·.MW. ~~~~~o. One of the core tasks for most journalists in their daily routine is gathering and providing information for. the public. However, little was known about this domain of know ledge. This article applies a triad framework of task-context-knowledge to describe journalists' news-gathering work. The main argument proposes that, to educate/train future experts in this field, innovations in both theoretical formulations and curricular designs are. in urgent need .. .M. • •~. ~. Keyword W~... 4~~+~~. ~~~.. • •••. News gathering ; Journalist; Practical knowledge ; Expertise: Information seeking. 35.

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(14) (1994). 0. m/lfJ~c1!!¥JtYd%Ji'f?@;z.lilf~. ~ml!iq: (2003). 0. ~j!ltlWfZmil!'J:. J$jt7k~ (1997). 0. '. ~cX~Wii¥Jm/lfJ)~!f!.*omzffl~. ~~{= ' ~B~. ijix59i (1998). 0. *~tu1 (2002). 0. ). t$BBBJ3. 0. iJ~tm. (1992). 0. : iI&*~lilffiJT£~±~x. : ~mt. : im~x1t. 0. 0. : fmC*~"':FIIflilffiJT£~±~x ( 1996) "'ml(~~~~{tM ? ~1W:j!!jilffiji¥J;f''§\ffi mM~ffl~ 53, 107-130 0. 0. 0. ID~lE~~~. 0. iJ~tm. : ~:u:iI&m*~~Mlilf~fiJTt'±~x iJ~t : INK EP~U. 0. 0. 0. . {E~*AiJl! : :iE~i¥J;\:f!lHlflfiWM1~~I!!!ti (. 17-64) (iJ"':iE~liI. 0. ~%JiG'I!!!~. Browne, M. Neil (2004). , I!~t m :. . iJ~tr1J : iI&**JTlilffiJTij(i±~x. ,. 0. 0. iJ~t. 0. ¥&ifrt*Jltil~D~1WffW:fr!iilzlilf~. , ~m~ (1999). *:rr~. iJ~tm. r ijiIlitit&llJ ! i¥J¥&?i*~. ~ffB~ (2000) 'ijc1!1ltmi;z.1UIIT~'fjffl~ ~!i€fx. 0. (. ru~!tj,,\]m. 18). 0. iJ~t. : ftmt. 0. ' t\(;:'tH¥ii (Askingthe right questions: A Guide to critical thinking). (Iilltit*~)'. 0. Buchanan, Mark (2003). 0. ¥Us. G~J.l9'1=~). (m 1-3, 13. 15-90,301-318). 0. iJ~trtJ. : ::RTx1t,. 0. Chung. Wei-Wen, Kuo-Jen Tsang, Pai-lin Chen & Shui-hsiao Chen (1997). Journalistic expertise: Proposal for a re programme. 1997 International Communication Association Annual Conference, Jerusalem, Israel. Fiske, J. & J. Hartley, (1993). 0. fftlmm:if~ (t$!!JH'~). 0. iJ~trtJ. : ~mt. 0. Humphrey, Nicholas K. (£988). The social function of intellect. In R. W. Byrne; A. Whiten, Machiavellian Intellii. Social Expertise and the Evolution ofIntellect in Monkeys, Apes and Humans (pp. Mayer, Richard E. (1993). (*mw~) iJ~tm : ~mt. 0. 0. 13-26). Oxford: Clarendon Pre,l. c. EU*Jf>RW : ~fI:iE"~ (~T¥I ' ) iJ~tm : ~t1i Norman, A. Donald (1995) {J4:tZ (The things make ussmart) ( ~Jib1~) iJ~tm : Iti'f¥&X1t Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995). 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Perkins, D.N. (1993). Person-plus: a distributed view of thinks and learning. In G. Salomon (Ed.) , Distributed cogni! Psychological and educational Qonsiderations (Chpt. 3, pp. 88-110). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schon, Donald A (1983). The reflective practitioner: how professi()nals think in action. New York: Basic Books. Scriber, Sylvia. (1986), Thinking in action: Some characteristics of practical intelligence. In Robert J. Sternberg and Ri K. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence:Nature and origins of competence in th~eveJ:Yday world (pp. 13-30). York: Cambridge University Press. Stocking, S. H. & P. H. Gross (1989a). Understanding errors and biases. Journalism Educator, 44(1), 4-18. Stocking, S. H. & P. H. Gross (l989b). How do journalists think? A proposal for the study of cognitive bias in news-m: Bloomington, IN: In.diana University. (ERIC) Ward, Jean & K. Hansen (1996). Search strategies in mass communication. New York: Longman.. 48.

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