Two New Species and One Newly Recorded Species of the Genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) from Taiwan

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BioFormosa (2006) 41(1): 9-18

Two New Species and One Newly Recorded Species of the Genus

Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) from Taiwan

Shyh-Hwang Chen

1*

, Wen-Jean Huang

1,2

, Sun-Chih Chen

3

, Ying Wang

1 1

Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan

2

Dulan Junior High School Taitung, Taiwan

3

Department of Natural Science Education, National Taipei University of Education Taipei, Taiwan

(Received: 26 January 2006, accepted: 29 March 2006)

ABSTRACT

Three species of the genus Cheiracanthium were newly added to the spider fauna of Taiwan. These include Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, and two new species, C. taiwanicum sp. nov. and C. fulcatum sp. nov. Each species is described or re-described and illustrated based on materials from the Chiuchiufeng area, Central Taiwan and other museum materials preserved in the Arachnological collection of the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University from various localities of Taiwan. These three species are all widely distributed in the low mountain areas at the elevation below 1200 m in Taiwan.

Key words: Araneae, Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium, new species, new record, Taiwan

Introduction

The long-legged sac spiders of the genus

Cheiracanthium are medium-sized, with a pale

yellowish body and having long and slender legs. They mainly hunt small arthropods for food on vegetation at night and hide in chambers or silken tube retreats made of foliage during the day. The female deposits and guards her eggs in the breeding nest constructed by rolling leaves or grasses (Chen and Huang, 2004). Cheiracanthium japonicum was reported to be matriphagous because the offspring will eat their mother at the end of maternal care period (Toyoma, 2003). The taxonomic status of genus Cheiracanthium is still in debate. Ramírez et al. (1997) transferred genus Cheiracanthium from Clubionidae to the family Miturgidae. Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) proposed three subfamilies, Clubioninae, Eutichurinae, and Systariinae, for Southeast Asian Clubionidae and placed Cheiracanthium in the subfamily

Eutichurinae. However, no synapomorphies were found to support the monophyly of Clubionidae sensu Deeleman-Reinhold (2001). Recently, placing

genus Cheiracanthium in the family Miturgidae was followed by Platnick (2005) and other students (e.g. El-Hennawy, 2001; Tanikawa, 2005). Before families Clubionidae and Miturgidae have been worldwide taxonomic revised, we incline to remain genus Cheiracanthium in the family Miturgidae.

Up to the present, about 194 valid species of genus Cheiracanthium have been recorded from nearly all geographical regions of the World, especially from the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia but none is reported form Antarctic, North and Central Americas (Platnick, 2005). Only two species,

Cheiracanthium lascivum Karsch, 1879 and C. insulanum (Thorell, 1878), had been recorded from

Taiwan (Chen, 1996; Chen and Huang, 2004). However, it is unlikely to have so few species in Taiwan when compared with those of the neighboring regions around Taiwan, in which 26 species were found in the Mainland China (Song, et al. 1999), and eight species each were found in Japan (Tanikawa, 2005) and Korea (Platnick, 2005), respectively. Further investigation on the

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Shyh-Hwang Chen, Wen-Jean Huang, Sun-Chih Chen, Ying Wang

After the “921 earthquake” occurred in Taiwan on 21st September 1999, the senior author had an opportunity to take a long-term monitoring on the spider fauna in Chiuchiufeng area, a group of stony mountains below 600 m in central Taiwan. During a five-year monitoring period from years 2000 to 2004, we obtained many specimens including four species of genus Cheiracanthium. One of which, C. insulanum (Thorell, 1878), had already been published as a newly recorded spider from Taiwan by Chen and Huang (2004). Of the other three species, two of which are new to the science and one species, C. eutittha Bösenberg et Strand, 1906, is a new record to Taiwan. In this paper, both new and newly recorded

Cheiracanthium are described or re-described based

on specimens from the Chiuchiufeng area and other localities of Taiwan.

Materials and Methods

Spiders were collected by searching the vegetation for wandering individuals at night and searching for breeding nests or silken retreats during the day along the trails or roadsides from the Chiuchiufeng area and various localities of Taiwan, especially in the low and moderate altitude mountain areas. All vouchers including type specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Arachnological collection of the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNUB-Ar). Alcohol- preserved specimens were examined and measured under a stereomicroscope (Leica M3Z) using an ocular micrometer with up to 80x magnification. Female epigynum was dissected and cleared in a hot 10% KOH solution or in the lactic acid solution at room temperature to examine the inner genital structures. Figures were drawn with the aid of a drawing tube attached to the stereomicroscope (Leica M3Z). All measurements were in mm. Measurements of legs are shown as: total length (femur, patella and tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Abbreviations used in this paper are: AER, anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; AW, anterior width of MOA, distance between lateral borders of AMEs; MOA, median ocular area; MOA-AW / PW, ratio of AW to PW; MOA-L / AW, ratio of length of MOA to AW; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; PW, posterior width of MOA,

distance between lateral borders of PMEs. Results and Discussion

Cheiracanthium taiwanicum sp. nov. (Fig. 1A-E)

Type series. Holotype: male, Peishihkeng, Tsaotun, Nantou County, 150 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 22 Jun. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 4758). Paratype: 1 female, Tienweikeng, Tsaotun, Nantou County, 300 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 28 Jun. 2000 (NTNUB-Ar 4759).

Other specimens examined. KEELUNG CITY: 1 female, Nuannuan, 75 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 11 Jul. 1995 (NTNUB-Ar 13683). ILAN CO.: 1 male, Chiaochi, Paoma Trail, 300 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 27 Oct. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 477). TAIPEI CITY: 1 female, Wenshan, Maokong, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 1 Aug. 2002 (NTNUB-Ar 14052). TAIPEI CO.: 1 male, Hsintien, Yinghotung, 350 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 25 Jan. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 13166); 1 female, Shihting, 250 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 25 Aug. 1994 (NTNUB-Ar 6387); 1 female, Kungliao, Yuanwangkeng, 200 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 29 Mar. 1996 (NTNUB-Ar 17925); HSINCHU CO.: 1 male, Kuanhsi, Shenkengtze, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 3 Mar. 2002 (NTNUB-Ar 10648). MIAOLI CO.: 1 male, Sanyi, Kuantaoshan, 600 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 13 Mar. 1994 (NTNUB-Ar 1082). TAICHUNG CO.: 1 male, Tungshih, Ssuchiaolin, 500 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 17 Jan. 1997 (NTNUB-Ar 1653). NANTOU CO.: 4 males and 2 females, Lenai, Wushe, 1145 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 28 Aug. 1996 (NTNUB-Ar 8094-8099). TAINAN CO.: 1 female, Paiho, Kuantzeling, 350 m, coll. Yi-Ting Chen, 6 Apr. 2000 (NTNUB-Ar 10294). KAOHSIUNG CO.: 1 female, Maolin, Shanping, 700 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 27 Jan. 1989 (NTNUB-Ar 10). HUALIEN CO.: 1 male, Yuli, Antung, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 17 Feb. 1998 (NTNUB-Ar 9058); 1 female, Yuli, Antung, 150 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 26 Aug. 2001 (NTNUB-Ar 10508). TAITUNG CO.: 2 females, Tungho, Tulan, 100 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 27 Jun. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 18331-18332).

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Two New Species and One Newly Recorded Species of the Genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) from Taiwan

Figure 1. Cheiracanthium taiwanicum sp. nov. A. Male carapace and abdomen, dorsal view. B. Female epigynum,

ventral view. C. Female vulva, dorsal view. D. Left male palpus, ventral view. E. Left male palpus, lateral view. Abbreviations: c, Cymbium; cda, Ascending portion of copulatory duct; cdd, Descending portion of copulatory duct; cs, Retrolateral spur of cymbium; ma, Median apophysis of bulb; pta, Palpal tibial apophysis; s, Spermatheca. Scales = 1 mm (A) and 0.2 mm (B-E).

taiwanicum, can be easily distinguished from other

congeners in Taiwan by having two broad longitudinal greenish-brown bands on submargins of carapace and having white markings scattered on dorsum of abdomen (Fig. 1A). It differs from other congers in having the combination of following characters: a median septum in front of depressed epigynum (Fig. 1B), a globular spermatheca connected with a complicatedly spiral-coiled copulatory duct (Fig. 1C) in female vulva; and having a short tibial apophysis, and a membranous median apophysis of bulb (Fig. 1D, E) in male palpus.

Description. Male (holotype). Body length 4.16. Carapace length 1.78, width 1.41. Abdomen length 2.38, width 1.13. Carapace pale yellow with broad longitudinal greenish-brown bands on submargins, longer than wide, without a thoracic groove (Fig. 1A). Eyes in two rows occupying the greater width of head; all eyes equal in diameter. PER straight, AER slightly recurved. AW longer than length of MOA; PW longer than AW. Chelicerae armed with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Labium as long as wide. Tibial apophysis of palpus short, median apophysis of bulb membranous (Fig. 1D, E). Leg measurements: I 15.25 (3.70, 4.90, 4.65,

2.00); II 8.40 (2.20, 2.70, 2.60, 0.90); III 6.10 (1.70, 1.90, 1.95, 0.55); IV 9.70 (2.60, 3.00, 3.15, 0.95). Abdomen pale yellow, longer than wide, white markings scattered on dorsum (Fig. 1A).

Female (paratype). Similar to males in general aspect and color pattern. Body length 4.72. Carapace length 1.94, width 1.34. Abdomen length 2.78, width 1.94. Chelicerae armed with five promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 12.65 (3.10, 4.20, 3.70, 1.65); II 6.20 (1.70, 2.20, 1.65, 0.65); III 4.40 (1.00, 1.55, 1.30, 0.55); IV 7.65 (2.05, 2.45, 2.40, 0.75). Epigynum depressed, with a median septum anteriorly (Fig. 1B). Spermatheca globular in shape, connected with complicatedly spiral-coiled copulatory duct (Fig. 1C). Both ascending and descending parts of copulatory duct spiral-coiled each other. Part of dark copulatory duct and spermatheca seen through tegument of epigynum. Variations. Measurements including types given for 11 males are followed by those of 11 females (in parentheses). Body length 3.70 - 4.95 (4.05 - 5.70). Carapace length 1.60 - 2.55 (1.70 - 2.15), width 1.25 - 1.95 (1.20 - 2.55), ratio of length / width 1.21 - 1.37 (1.17 - 1.46); abdomen length 2.05 - 3.05

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Table 1. Measurements of leg segments of Cheiracanthium taiwanicum sp. nov. (mean ± SD; in mm)

Leg Femur Patella + Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total

Female (n = 11) I 3.06 ± 0.32 4.00 ± 0.36 3.52 ± 0.33 1.59 ± 0.13 12.18 ± 1.10 II 1.72 ± 0.24 2.02 ± 0.25 1.68 ± 0.26 0.67 ± 0.05 6.09 ± 0.73 III 1.20 ± 0.16 1.45 ± 0.17 1.30 ± 0.11 0.55 ± 0.05 4.49 ± 0.39 IV 2.08 ± 0.14 2.42 ± 0.17 2.30 ± 0.25 0.73 ± 0.07 7.53 ± 0.59 Male (n = 11) I 3.65 ± 0.20 4.80 ± 0.35 4.49 ± 0.33 1.90 ± 0.11 14.84 ± 0.95 II 2.25 ± 0.17 2.75 ± 0.30 2.46 ± 0.21 0.84 ± 0.11 8.29 ± 0.73 III 1.63 ± 0.16 1.85 ± 0.25 1.85 ± 0.16 0.65 ± 0.10 5.98 ± 0.60 IV 2.54 ± 0.41 2.96 ± 0.35 3.09 ± 0.26 0.88 ± 0.12 9.48 ± 1.11 (2.05 - 3.40), width 0.95 - 1.70 (1.55 - 2.45);

diameters of AME 0.10 - 0.13 (0.10 - 0.13), ALE 0.10 - 0.14 (0.10 - 0.14), PME 0.10 - 0.12 (0.10 - 0.13). PLE 0.09 - 0.13 (0.10 - 0.13); ratio of MOA-L / AW 0.90 - 1.04 (0.87 - 1.07), ratio of MOA-AW / PW 0.86 - 0.93 (0.84 - 0.93). Measurements of leg segments (11 females and 11 males) are shown as in table 1.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the main island of Taiwan, where the new species was found.

Distribution. Taiwan.

Remarks. Cheiracanthium taiwanicum most resembles C. exquistitum Zhang & Zhu, 1993 and C.

virescens (Sundevall, 1833) (characters in

parentheses) in their female genital organs, but differs in having a median septum in front of the epigyneal depression (absent), and having both ascending and descending parts of the copulatory duct spiral-coiled each other (ascending part spiral-coiled on the straight descending part). Geographically, C. taiwanicum is widely distributed in the mountain area at the elevation between 50 m and 1200 m in Taiwan.

Cheiracanthium falcatum sp. nov. (Fig. 2A - D)

Type series. Holotype: female, Chitou, Luku, Nantou County, 1150 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 17 Jul. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 19049). Paratypes: 2 males, data same as in holotype (NTNUB-Ar 19048, 19050); 1 male, Yuchekeng, Tsaotun, Nantou County, 300 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 28 Jul.

2000 (NTNUB-Ar 4768).

Other specimens examined. NANTOU CO.: 1 female, Lenai, Kuantaochi, 750 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 29 Aug. 1996 (NTNUB-Ar 13401). TAINAN CO.: 1 male, Paiho, Kuantzeling, 550 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 6 Apr. 2000 (NTNUB-Ar 10100). KAOHSIUNG CO.: 1 female, Maolin, Shanping, 700 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 13 Jul. 1983 (NTNUB-Ar 19446); 1 female, Maolin, Shanping, 700 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 28 Jun. 1995 (NTNUB-Ar 14733). PINTUNG CO.: 1 female, Laiyi, 6 km E Kulou, 550 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 12 Mar. 1993 (NTNUB-Ar 21547). HUALIEN CO.: 1 male, Chohsi, Chungpinglintao, 1000 m, coll. Chih-Chien Lue, 17 Jul. 2004 (NTNUB-Ar 24766). TAITUNG CO.: 1 female, Tungho, Tungho Farm, 400 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 24 Apr. 2004 (NTNUB-Ar 22355); 1 female, Tungho, Tungho Farm, 400 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 29 Jun. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 18452); 1 male, Tungho, Taiyuan, 100 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 24 Jul. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 19023); 1 female, Tawu, Chialopan, 100 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 16 Aug. 1993 (NTNUB-Ar 9884).

Diagnosis. Cheiracanthium falcatum can be distinguished from other congeners by having the combination of following characters: a posterior epigyneal depression (Fig. 2A), copulatory duct coils three spirals and then downward leading to spermatheca in female vulva (Fig. 2B); and having a fingerlike tibial apophysis and a long sickle-shaped cymbial spur in male palpus (Fig. 2C, D).

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Figure 2. Genital organs of Cheiracanthium falcatum sp. nov. A. Female epigynum, ventral view. B. Female vulva,

dorsal view. C. Left male palpus, ventral view. D. Left male palpus, lateral view. Abbreviations: c, Cymbium; cda, Ascending portion of copulatory duct; cdd, Descending portion of copulatory duct; cs, Retrolateral spur of cymbium; ma, Median apophysis of bulb; ms, Median septum; pta, Palpal tibial apophysis; s, Spermatheca. Scales = 0.3 mm.

Table 2. Measurements of leg segments of Cheiracanthium falcatum sp. nov. (mean ± SD; in mm)

Female (n = 6) I 5.63 ± 1.05 7.82 ± 1.13 6.83 ± 1.11 2.08 ± 0.32 22.37 ± 3.54 II 4.07 ± 0.60 5.24 ± 0.75 4.22 ± 0.66 1.33 ± 0.18 14.86 ± 2.16 III 2.89 ± 0.42 3.50 ± 0.56 3.00 ± 0.47 1.07 ± 0.16 10.46 ± 1.57 IV 4.38 ± 0.57 5.61 ± 0.78 4.62 ± 0.70 1.32 ± 0.17 15.93 ± 2.20 Male (n = 4) I 7.55 ± 0.70 10.10 ± 0.96 9.36 ± 1.09 2.80 ± 0.14 29.81 ± 2.79 II 5.20 ± 0.64 6.75 ± 0.73 5.75 ± 0.65 1.63 ± 0.10 19.33 ± 2.06 III 3.81 ± 0.36 4.44 ± 0.42 4.20 ± 0.47 1.30 ± 0.08 13.75 ± 1.30 IV 5.58 ± 0.57 6.75 ± 0.58 6.15 ± 0.73 1.60 ± 0.08 20.08 ± 1.93 Description. Female (holotype). Body length

8.50. Carapace length 3.50, width 2.70. Abdomen length 5.00, width 2.70. Carapace yellow brown, longer than wide, without thoracic groove. Chelicerae and endites brown. Eyes in two rows occupying the greater width of head; all eyes equal in diameter. PER straight, AER slightly procurved. AW longer than length of MOA; PW longer than AW. Chelicerae with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth, second promarginal tooth largest. Labium brown, longer than wide. Leg measurements: I 23.10 (5.70, 8.10, 7.30, 2.00); II 15.10 (4.00, 5.20, 4.50, 1.40); III 10.90 (2.90, 3.50,

3.30, 1.20); IV 16.20 (4.40, 5.60, 4.90, 1.30). Abdomen pale yellow, longer than wide, with a pale grayish cardiac pattern dorsally. Epigynum with posterior depression (Fig. 2A), both copulatory openings on sides; each ascending portion of copulatory duct coils three spirals and then downward to form a straight descending portion leading to a global spermatheca (Fig. 2B). Part of dark copulatory duct and spermatheca seen through tegument of epigynum.

Male (NTNUB-Ar 19048, paratype). Similar to females in general aspects and color pattern. Body

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length 7.65. Carapace length 3.15, width 1.90. Abdomen length 4.50, width 2.30. Leg measurements: I 26.25 (6.60, 8.90, 8.05, 2.70); II 17.30 (4.80, 6.00, 5.00, 1.50); III 12.55 (3.50, 4.05, 3.70, 1.30); IV 18.40 (5.10, 6.30, 5.40, 1.60). Tibial apophysis of palpus fingerlike. Cymbium with a long sickle-shaped retrolateral spur (Fig. 2C, D). Variations. Measurements including types given for four males are followed by those of six females (in parentheses). Body length 7.30 - 8.80 (7.65 - 12.00). Carapace length 3.00 - 3.80 (3.10 - 4.40), width 2.10 - 2.70 (2.30 - 3.30), ratio of length / width 1.38-1.66 (1.30 - 1.47); abdomen length 4.30 - 5.00 (4.50 - 7.00), width 1.90 - 2.70 (2.30 - 4.40); diameter of AME 0.18 - 0.21 (0.15 - 0.21), ALE 0.15 - 0.19 (0.15 - 0.21), PME 0.15 - 0.18 (0.13 - 0.18), PLE 0.15 - 0.18 (0.13 - 0.21); ratio of MOA-L / AW 0.92 - 1.06 (0.86 - 1.00), ratio of MOA-AW / PW 0.89-0.92 (0.83 - 0.89). Measurements of leg segments (six females and four males) are shown as in table 2.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the sickle-shaped cymbial spur in the male palpus of the new species.

Distribution. Taiwan.

Remarks. Cheiracanthium falcatum most

resembles C. ningmingensis Zhang & Yin, 1999 (characters in parentheses) but differs from the latter by having a thicker and simple tibial apophysis in the male palpus (thin and forked).

Cheiracanthium falcatum is wide distributed in the

low mountain areas of Taiwan at elevations between 200 m and 1200 m.

Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg & Strand, 1906

(Fig.3 A - D)

Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg & Strand, 1906:

289, pl. 16, f. 496; Yaginuma, 1960: 112, f. 91.3; Yaginuma, 1974: 112, f. 91.3; Yaginuma, 1986: 177, f. 98.4; Chikuni, 1989: 123, f. 3; Namkung, 2003: 424.

Specimens examined. ILAN CO.: 2 males, Chiaochi, Paoma Trail, 300 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 13 May 2000 (NTNUB-Ar 646 - 647); 2

males and 5 females, Toucheng, Tali, 200 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 12 Aug. 1996 (NTNUB-Ar 1507 - 1513); 1 female, Toucheng, Hsanghsin Garden, 500 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 4 Sep. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 5434); 1 female, Chiaochi, 3 km N Chiaochi, 200 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 9 Sep. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 5387). TAIPEI CITY: 1 male, Wenshan, Maokong, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 1 Aug. 2002 (NTNUB-Ar 14049). TAIPEI CO.: 1 female, Pinglin, Chiuchiunglin, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 4 Sep. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 5448); 1 female, Hsintien, Szukanshui, 500 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 27 Oct. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 17954); 1 female, Shihting, Erhkoshan, 450 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 30 Aug. 2002 (NTNUB-Ar 14588); 1 male and 1 female, Shihting, Kankou, 200 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 28 Apr. 2000 (NTNUB-Ar 10398, 10451); 1 female, Shihting, Huangtitien, 250 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 31 May 1995 (NTNUB-Ar 8660); 1 female, Pinghsi, Chingtung, 250 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 17 Sep. 2003 (NTNUB-Ar 19121); 1 male, Kungliao, Yuanwangkeng, 300 m, coll. Wen-Jean Huang, 14 Jul. 2004 (NTNUB-Ar 24096). HSINCHU CO.: 2 females, Chiunglin, Feifengshan, 250 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 10 Oct. 1999 (NTNUB-Ar 8601 - 8602). CHANGHUA CO.: 1 female, Fenyuan, 50 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 7 Apr. 1988 (NTNUB-Ar 5808). NANTOU CO.: 1 female, Tsaotun, Peishihkeng, 150 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 3 May 2004 (NTNUB-Ar 4760); 2 females, Tsaotun, Kanshi, 300 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 3 May 2004 (NTNUB-Ar 4761 - 4762). PINTUNG CO.: 1 male, Manchou, Nanshantsun, 250 m, coll. Shyh-Hwang Chen, 12 Sep. 1984 (NTNUB-Ar 13492).

Diagnosis. Cheiracanthium eutittha can be distinguished from other congeners by having the combination of following characters: a dark dumb-bell-shaped marking seen through tegument of epigynum (Fig. 3A), both ascending and descending portions of copulatory duct not coiled (Fig. 3B); and a short tibial apophysis, and a robust cymbial spur in male palpus (Fig. 3C, D).

Cheiracanthium eutittha most closely resembles C. pichoni Schenkel, 1963 in genital organs of both

sexes. However, both ascending and descending portions of copulatory duct in vulva are not coiled each other in the former but are coiled in the latter (see Song et al., 1999: 421, fig. 242H).

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Figure 3. Genital organs of Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg et Strand, 1906. A. Female epigynum, ventral view.

B. Female vulva, dorsal view. C. Left male palpus, ventral view. D. Left male palpus, lateral view. Abbreviations: c, Cymbium; cda, Ascending portion of copulatory duct; cdd, Descending portion of copulatory duct; cs, Retrolateral spur of cymbium; ma, Median apophysis of bulb; pta, Palpal tibial apophysis; s, Spermatheca. Scales = 0.3 mm.

Table 3. Measurements of leg segments of Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg et Strand, 1906. (mean ± SD; in mm)

Female (n = 11) I 6.46 ± 0.75 8.57 ± 1.00 7.28 ± 0.85 2.38 ± 0.32 24.69 ± 2.80 II 4.74 ± 0.57 5.96 ± 0.81 4.79 ± 0.66 1.53 ± 0.14 17.02 ± 2.13 III 3.29 ± 0.52 3.96 ± 0.44 3.36 ± 0.49 1.30 ± 0.16 11.91 ± 1.48 IV 4.87 ± 0.59 6.12 ± 0.73 5.08 ± 0.70 1.58 ± 0.23 17.66 ± 2.17 Male (n = 3) I 8.42 ± 1.74 11.30 ± 2.29 10.04 ± 2.46 3.02 ± 0.35 32.78 ± 6.80 II 6.39 ± 0.80 8.10 ± 1.13 7.14 ± 0.98 1.86 ± 0.19 23.49 ± 3.06 III 4.62 ± 0.59 5.16 ± 0.83 4.86 ± 0.73 1.40 ± 0.16 16.04 ± 2.23 IV 6.46 ± 0.78 7.71 ± 1.01 7.08 ± 0.99 1.74 ± 0.18 22.99 ± 2.95 Description. Measurements given for five males

are followed by those of five females (in parentheses). Body length 8.20 - 9.60 (9.10 - 11.10). Carapace length 3.40 - 4.50 (3.50 - 4.90), width 2.60 - 3.60 (2.60 - 3.80), ratio of length / width 1.21 - 1.31 (1.25 - 1.35); abdomen length 4.70 - 5.70 (5.30 - 6.60), width 2.20 - 2.90 (3.00 - 3.80); diameters of AME 0.18 - 0.23 (0.18 - 0.22), ALE 0.15 - 0.23 (0.15 - 0.22), PME 0.15 - 0.23 (0.15 - 0.21), PLE 0.15 - 0.21 (0.15 - 0.21); ratio of MOA-L / AW 0.89 - 1.00 (0.92 - 0.96), ratio of

MOA-AW / PW 0.86 - 0.92 (0.82 - 0.88). Measurements of leg segments (11 females and three males) are shown as in table 3.

Female. Carapace yellowish brown, longer than wide, without thoracic groove. Eyes in two parallel transverse rows occupying the greater width of head; all eyes equal in diameter. PER straight, AER slightly procurved. Length of MOA longer than AW; PW longer than AW. Chelicerae with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Labium

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longer than wide. Spermatheca piriform, connected with copulatory duct (Fig. 3B). Part of dark copulatory duct and spermatheca seen as dumbbell-shaped marking through tegument (Fig. 3C). Abdomen pale yellow, longer than wide, with a pale grayish cardiac pattern dorsally. Leg formula I-IV-II-III.

Male. Similar to female in general aspects and color pattern. Palpal cymbium long, with a short robust retrolateral spur, palpal tibial apophysis short (Fig. 3C, D). Median apophysis of bulb membranous. Leg formula I-II-IV-III.

Distribution. Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (new record).

Remarks. Cheiracanthium eutittha was recorded from Taiwan for the first time. It was found mainly in the low mountain areas at elevations between 200 m and 600 m in Taiwan.

Acknowledgment

We sincerely thank Misses Ya-Huih Chen, Ya-Ching Yang, Yu-Ting Lin, and Chia-Yung Yang at the National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan for their field assistance. The study was supported in part by grants from the Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan to Shyh-Hwang Chen (grant no. 90AS-1.3.3-EI-W1 (3-2); 91AS-2.4.1-EI-W1(03-2); 92AS-2.4.2-EI-W1 (03-2); 93AS-2.4.2-EI-W1-2).

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生物學報（2006）41(1): 9-18

台灣產紅螯蛛屬蜘蛛二新種及一新紀錄種（蜘蛛目：長腳袋蛛科）

陳世煌

1*

黃文俊

1, 2

陳順其

3

王穎

1 1_{國立台灣師範大學生命科學系} 2_{台東縣立都蘭國民中學} 3_{國立台北教育大學自然科學教育學系} (收稿日期：2006.1.26，接受日期：2006.3.29) 摘要

本文記載台灣產長腳袋蛛科(Family Miturgidae)紅螯蛛屬(Genus Cheiracanthium)蜘蛛二新種及 一新紀錄種，其中台灣紅螯蛛(C. taiwanicum)和鐮形紅螯蛛(C. fulcatum)為新種，長腿紅螯蛛(C. eutittha)為台灣首次描述之新紀錄種。文中並根據南投九九峰地區和台灣其他地區的館藏標本進行 詳細描述或重新描述並繪圖。這三種紅螯蛛均廣泛分布於台灣各地海拔 1200 公尺以下山區。關鍵詞：蜘蛛目、長腳袋蛛科、紅螯蛛屬、新種、新紀錄種、台灣