防煙區劃內隔間開口設計對機械排煙效能影響之研究
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(2) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ƕNƔ. ŋƌƑ......................................................................................... 33 υHϊ Ȁӥё϶˽ÕҬǵ.......................................................... 33 υϊ ȣΊɡň˳...................................................................... 39. ƕ¢Ɣ. ŘīĚţ¼ƜҤņ..................................................................... 41 υHϊ ˼Ԟň˳.......................................................................... 41 υϊ ̑ʦɧ̳ſϡ˵ň˳...................................................... 45. ƕ(Ɣ ƜLJƲďLj..................................................................................... 125 υHϊ ϡѡ................................................................................ 125 υϊ ȿѩ................................................................................ 127. Ǭǣ& ǁƂ÷ʼnĻLjÒğƸ ...................................................................... 131 ǬǣM Ŀ?÷ʼnÒƼƸ........................................................................... 133 Ǭǣ+ ĿŁ÷ʼnÒƼƸ........................................................................... 137 ǬǣÏ ƕ 1 śùñċdžĻLjƛǣ........................................................... 139 ǬǣN ƕ 2 śùñċdžĻLjƛǣ........................................................... 143 Ǭǣ¢ ǃǁďLj¹ƨJǸ....................................................................... 147 ¹ƨijŻ ....................................................................................................... 149. II.
(3) ƶ̗. ל × 1 üýð 2%ĽİǦÿ^ĦųÃƍě×............................................ 4 × 2 ĀwŧƏ×........................................................................................... 6 × 3 +ŖtèŮůæPųÓİğGdzƮŘī........................................... 9 × 4 čŶǔĠŵǠĮżėǓ.±............................................................. 10 × 5 DƪǦÃųŧGƍě......................................................................... 11 × 6 džLJŘÛħǂǞǑǰǧǦÃƣDZŮßƉčŶ ............................ 12 × 7 ǦÃGûŧİğ................................................................................. 13 × 8 °ÞŘĐȁzone modelȂǹũƲõũ ......................................... 13 × 9 ŮßǿŬƓšŵưƭųŭǰáýð............................................. 14 × 10 ĶłǪų°©ƹDžĸƍě×....................................................... 22 × 11 FDS ŘīƏĐƲ Smokeview ƏĐňŕ×..................................... 27 × 12 NFPA 92B ųþ¤nƍě× ........................................................... 31 × 13 ŋ&ďƘŸãǀ........................................................................... 33 × 14 ŋ&ĄǶ×................................................................................... 34 × 15 ŋMďƘŸãǀ........................................................................... 35 × 16 ŋMĄǶ×................................................................................... 36 × 17 ŋ+ďƘŸãǀ........................................................................... 37 × 18 ŋ+ĄǶ×................................................................................... 38 × 19 ŋ&ŊȀ¤ņƝǁ×................................................................... 42 × 20 ŋ&ýðǰǧƍě×................................................................... 43 × 21 ŋ& FDS ŘīƟŊȁmeshȂƍě× ........................................ 43 III.
(4) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. × 22 ŲǰǧŘīƓǧƍě×................................................................... 47 × 23 ŲǰǧŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ...................................................... 49 × 24 ýðŲĦųƚƝȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ .................... 49 × 25 ýðĽĦųƚƝȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ .................... 50 × 26 4ÈşG 2%ĽİǦÃŘīƓǧƍě×.................................... 52 × 27 ųþƁǶǢṳ̃°ƍě×........................................................... 53 × 28 4ÈşG 2%ĽİǦÃŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ....................... 54 × 29 2%ĽİǦÃǿøş 5Ȅ1 ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ............ 55 × 30 2%ĽİǦÃǿøş 3Ȅ1 ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ............ 56 × 31 2%ĽİǦÃǿøş 1Ȅ1 ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ............ 57 × 32 2%ĽİǦÃǿøş 1Ȅ3 ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ............ 58 × 33 2%ĽİǦÃǿøş 1Ȅ5 ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ............ 59 × 34 2%ĽİǦÃĆuđŹƲǾƐŧżşǏ×..................................... 61 × 35 2%ĽİǦÃǃƥǿĉŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ............................ 64 × 36 2%ĽİǦÃǿĉƲǾƐŧżşǏ×............................................. 64 × 37 2%ĽİǦÃrƥƓǧŘīƍě×................................................. 67 × 38 2%ĽİǦÃrƥƲŮŪƋûrƥŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ ....... 67 × 39 2%ĽİǦÃrƥƲǾƐŧżşǏ×............................................. 68 × 40 řŏĦųÃrƥƍě×................................................................... 70 × 41 řŏĦųÃƲ 2%ĽİǦÃrƥŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ .......... 71 × 42 P1 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 72 × 43 P2 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 73 × 44 P3 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 74 IV.
(5) ƶ̗. × 45 P4 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 75 × 46 P5 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 76 × 47 P6 ĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ............................... 77 × 48 DƪĢǧŘīƓǧƍě×............................................................... 79 × 49 ųþƁǶǢṳ̃°ƍě×........................................................... 80 × 50 DƪĢǧŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ.................................................. 81 × 51 ŮůðǤǩǥȃŮůǞðǤǩǥȃĦųřŀǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 82 × 52 ŮůðǤǦÉȃŮůǞðǤǩǥȃĦųřŀǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 83 × 53 ŮůðǤǩǥȃŮůǞðǤǦÉȃĦųřŀǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 84 × 54 ŮůðǤǦÉȃŮůǞðǤǦÉȃĦųřŀǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 85 × 55 ŮůðǤǩǥȃŮůǞðǤǩǥȃĦųřǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 86 × 56 ŮůðǤǦÉȃŮůǞðǤǩǥȃĦųřǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 87 × 57 ŮůðǤǩǥȃŮůǞðǤǦÉȃĦųřǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 88 × 58 ŮůðǤǦÉȃŮůǞðǤǦÉȃĦųřǍȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 89 × 59 æƴŅƵųŘīƓǧƍě×-ƿ× ............................................. 91 × 60 æƴŅƵųŘīƓǧƍě×-ƿ× ............................................. 91 × 61 ųþƁǶǢṳ̃°ƍě×........................................................... 93 V.
(6) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. × 62 æƴŅƵųŮůŘīĚţȁHRRȂ.............................................. 94 × 63 æƴŅűăǦÃȃýðŲĦųƚƝȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 94 × 64 æƴŅűăǦÃȃýðĽĦųƚƝȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ ........................................................ 95 × 65 æƴŅǦÃƀÆ°ÞħũÌħũųŧwĕǕǦËȃ ýðĽĦųƚƝȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧȁƎȂ.................... 96 × 66 ŋMŘīƓǧƍě×................................................................... 98 × 67 ŋMŘÛƟŊƍě×................................................................... 99 × 68 ŋMŮůŘīĚţ(HRR) ......................................................... 100 × 69 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃåǤǩȁDCȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 101 × 70 ůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǩȁDCȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 102 × 71 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǦȁDOȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 103 × 72 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃåǤǩȁDCȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 104 × 73 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǩȁDOȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 105 × 74 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǦȁDOȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 106 × 75 ŋM(æƴŅÛĦųÃ)ŘīƓǧƍě×.................................. 107 × 76 ŋM(æƴŅÛĦųÃ)ŘÛƟŊƍě×.................................. 108 × 77 ŋM(æƴŅÛĦųÃ)ŮůŘīĚţ(HRR) .......................... 109 VI.
(7) ƶ̗. × 78 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃåǤǩȁDCȂȃĦųřǍ(FO)ȃ æƴŅÛĦųÃ(H)ȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ..................... 110 × 79 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǩȁDCȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ æƴŅÛĦųÃ(H)ȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ..................... 111 × 80 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃåǤǦȁDOȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ æƴŅÛĦųÃ(H)ȃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ..................... 112 × 81 ŋ+ŘīƓǧƍě×................................................................. 114 × 82 ŘÛƟŊƍě×............................................................................. 115 × 83 æƴŅƵųŮůŘīĚţ(HRR) ................................................. 117 × 84 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃnjǘǤǩȁHCȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 117 × 85 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃnjǘǤǦȁHOȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 118 × 86 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃnjǘǤǦȁHOȂȃĦųřŀǍȁFCȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 119 × 87 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃnjǘǤǩȁHCȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 120 × 88 ŮůðǤǩ(RCȂȃnjǘǤǦȁHOȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 121 × 89 ŮůðǤǦ(ROȂȃnjǘǤǦȁHOȂȃĦųřǍȁFOȂȃ ųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m Ĺǧ(Ǝ) ........................................................... 122. VII.
(8) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. VIII.
(9) е̗. Ƹś Ƹ 1 ĦųŌijŜûŴƸ........................................................................... 2 Ƹ 2 ďƘťǜg......................................................................................... 15 Ƹ 3 ďƘĥƷƾ§ǜg............................................................................. 16 Ƹ 4 ŨǪťǜg......................................................................................... 17 Ƹ 5 ÆǺßĤŨǪë ǃǃƥŗūǜg............................................. 18 Ƹ 6 ĦųǃǃǁťaşǏĚţƸ......................................................... 20 Ƹ 7 ŋ&ŘÛGĪƻNJĴ..................................................................... 44 Ƹ 8 ŲǰǧŘÛGĪƻNJĴ..................................................................... 47 Ƹ 9 Ųǰǧųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ .................................. 50 Ƹ 10 4ÈşG 2%ĽİǦÃŘÛGĪƻNJĴ ................................... 52 Ƹ 11 2%ĽİǦÃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ ...................... 59 Ƹ 12 4Èǿôş 2%ĽİǦÃǾƐŧżǙ 1cmm/m2 ƝǁƸȁƎȂ . 61 Ƹ 13 2%ĽİǦÃǿĉǙ 1cmm/m2 ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ....................... 65 Ƹ 14 2%ĽİǦÃrƥǙ 1cmm/m2 ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ....................... 68 Ƹ 15 řŏĦųÃrƥųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ ................ 77 Ƹ 16 ŘÛGĪƻNJĴ............................................................................... 79 Ƹ 17 DƪĢǧųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ ............................ 89 Ƹ 18 æƴŅƵųŘÛGĪƻNJĴ........................................................... 92 Ƹ 19 æƴŅ.ĵƵųųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸȁƎȂ ................ 96 Ƹ 20 ŋMŘÛĪƻNJĴ....................................................................... 98 Ƹ 21 ŋMųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸ(Ǝ) ................................... 106 IX.
(10) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. Ƹ 22 ŋM(æƴŅÛĦųÃ)ŘÛĪƻNJĴ...................................... 107 Ƹ 23 ŋMáÛĦųÃƲæƴŅÛĦųÃųþ1ǭ Ʊ 1.8m ĹǧşǏƸ(Ǝ) ............................................................... 112 Ƹ 24 ŋ+ŘÛĪƻNJĴ..................................................................... 115 Ƹ 25 2%ǦÃųþ1ǭƱ 1.8m ĹǧƝǁƸ(Ǝ) ................................. 123. X.
(11) ʝ. Ī. п. ƻ. ӖӉѕԬӗͣŬŗCʏͣƃC̓̃ʏͣCȕǷʏͣ ȿόͮ˄͜͝˒ԣɊɊӞѽ͜Ԟ³ǗԣȩƯ͗ͣν̼ϿқɳӶ͜͝Ŭǂ ͣӵ͔͘ԣәΪ¢ƞҕCѲʚǠБǥΪ̾ӗ¢ƞҝĦ͜NJʵ͝DƯ̝ԣϦʉ͜ ͝Ŭǂm͠Ǹ̀µԣ͜͞͝DZĪҼпmH;D ˭ΥθӀȊӗͣŬŗħҵΑȕǷԠӣӒԡʏͣϖϣԣΥθħǺ͞ΔœmΖӖ̵ тΥ˳ԣƴħǗΥθБёыʽ͵ԣҖҢMóȀÕ FDS ӲЊ̑ʦϡ˵ԣԖѧӗͣŬŗ ħӣӒё 2%˦ʯӐƃ͞˦ʯˡ°̓̃ʏͣƃΑ˃˽D˭Υθ͜͝ȕǷʏͣҽſͣ ȘSӛΑň˳ϡ˵ԣΒԌijƈҤŐЗǢΑʏͣʯЈԣ^Ъ³PΖӖmԖѧϡѡԣ ΥʦӣӒ˦ʯӐƃmёыȿѩŽϽӾԣƈË͞˫Ñʏͣϖϣ̵тñ̵ſʭȵ˅ ʭmŽϽD. &"ƌƑơǍ ӗͣŬŗħҵΑȕǷԠӣӒԡØ̵ё˦̓̃ʏͣƃԣ͢ϿҗѬ˜ɵ̈šӴ пʫѬŬŗħӣӒԣžVˎ˄ŬŗħӣӒ¿ёʏͣԍωɵǏёʏͣƃ˒ԣʐƁˡ° ёы˄ȕǷͫӸǝИ˲S 80cm ħԣӐёǜ˄ȕǷӸε 2%˦ʯӐƃԠӣӒӐƃԡƁ °̵ǵ̓̃ʏͣƃD̝γʏͣёыȩс˄ƠҐƿȿόͮǷħкñſѬ˜ÎԣˑĶ ԋÎιӒſϊΘЁѷΑёы˃ɀD˭ыΉjпΥθӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃԣΖȊ˄ ƺӣӒħё̓̃ʏͣƃmʏͣʯЈԣ³˽Õň˳ſӲЊ̑ʦє»ĬϾmʏͣɡЈɍԣ ʖłӗͣDZĪmĴԘȿѩD. M"ƌƑĵťƲǗƏ (H) ʽ͵ƮԋԬ ɅʺƴħǗӗͣŬŗħȎȕǷԠӣӒԡʏͣёыΖӖʽ͵C̵т^ҝаň˳ԣ Ë͞ɴƴ̵тſтϋñъmŽϽD XI.
(12) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. () ǮϾȉǹȷџˣԬ ˭ыΉГҐĬNJǮϾȉǹȷџˣԣүѠΖӖǮϾȉǹCȿόȧſιўʁȧC̾ ӗёċȧCʭȵΖӖjωƦÁφ°еʖ×ȿщԣȊ˄˩αħΥθɳ˵ԣʖłӢ̤ɡ ȿѩԣ^Ȋ˭ыΉΥθ˃ƒʖ×ȄѶȿѩԣÎ˭˽ϡѡ˜ŜdzƥD (M) ӲЊ҆Ԙ̑ʦԬ ŏMóĵƿˈёȿόͮ͞˽Õȿ̑ԣ³ӗͣŬŗħȎȕǷԠӣӒԡ̓̃ʏͣ ƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃҝа FDS ӲЊ̑ʦԣ˭˽MóŠ˽ÕũʈӗͣŬŗ³ӣӒ͞mԣ ɵ³ӗͣƾǑ͞mDĬó˽ÕmӣӒ³ 2%˦ʯӐƃˡ°ʏͣƃԣ͢ϿijeHó˽Õ ͂͞ƌёыԣҵ·ӣӒ˦ёʏͣƃԣijԑ³ 2%˦ʯӐƃˡ°ԣЪ³ʑэ̝γёы ˃ɀΑʏͣɡЈԣ^̑ʦϡ˵̦Ȋň˳ij˦ʯɡD˭ыΉʦØӲЊ̑ʦň˳ϡ˵ԣ ΥθVƏΑёы˃˽ſʖłƈаɡёыє»ȿѩԣ³ʖůʏͣϖϣƈӷȶſёыDZ ĪɡD˭ыΉɳ˵Ȉʖ×̾ӗ̈ΆҝаȿόͮȕǷͣʓёы˒ŽϽØʥԣſ˫Ñ̾ ӗϸƇӐ̾ӗёыΌϺΥƠˣѩmŽϽD. +"ǡƻƄŽ (H) ʽ͵ň˳ԣӀȊӗͣŬŗħȕǷԠӣӒԡ³˦ʯӐƃҤɳʏͣɡЈPԣȐ ͠ĴԘΥθ˽Õſɳ˵ƈ׎ϽԣǮбΥθǙƺȎӣӒ͜NJ̼ͣҽmыψԣſȊ̼ ʏͣБͣşřȋЏͣ͑ĦҷҒιӒφƢԆԣƺ³ӗͣ͞jΑϹƴȿό̵тħȊ˭Ƣ Ԇ͠ʖſD () ˭˽ҖҢӲЊ̑ʦň˳̦Ȋɍԣ 2%˦ʯӐƃmʏͣЈřƈҤ 1cmm/m2ԣτ ƌа̾ӗ̵тп̭D (M) ˦ʏͣёċΖ҈˄͠ʏͣёċԣƈǏŜҕ˒ӒϘ 43%D (ƭ) 2%˦ʯӐƃ̦ÕԣŒ³ɻӌɆͱ̦Õſк϶Á϶ѿԙԣ˦҈ÌmʏͣɡЈD () 2%˦ʯӐƃÁ϶Б͊͜ΖȊÁ϶ԣȊ˄ʏͣɡЈɇӻ҈VԌФD (ı) ̓̃ʏͣƃБ 2%˦ʯӐƃΖȊÁ϶m҄ɏɩԣijʏͣʯ˵ɩÌD (J) iЃ̑ɀmȕǷӣӒӞ͜͝ǷǗԣͣȘSӛЎ 1.8m ˒ӒƽѾҢ 100 ίԣȊ˄Ȏ XII.
(13) ʝ. п. ȕǷҕҮӯ^Vˣ̍ɳәΪD (į) ǝИ˲Цͣ˃ɀёыԣ͠ѡ˦͠ʏͣёċԣͣȘSӛЎ 1.8m ˒ӒԣƽѾҢ 200 ίԣZё˦ʏͣёċmёыԣҕ˒ӒΖȊ˄͠ʏͣёċmёыԣǙłϘ 1 öΑ˒ Ӓԣ˜˦ŏ˄ҮӯҕD (u) ʏͣƃ³ǝИ˲ƿɵąǑƿDZкԣȊ˄ʏͣɡЈmɇӻΒVԌФD (ŭ) ͜͝ǷłĦƃƺVƏƣӏɧ̳ԣˣɇӻ͜͝ɳӌſͣɳͶԣłĦƃɿӐ ˒ԣ˄ι̪йġ҈ġҁԣ͜͝ɳӌ҈łĦƃӖӏ˒ɝҚԣZ̼ͣ҈łĦƃӖ ӏ˒ǜD. Ï"EƻďLjJǸ ˭Υθjп³а̵т͞džΩԣϡƌȷџˣſȁ˸ˣeƋȉǹǮϾC̈ΆCʭ ȵΖӖjὠӖφ°еԣʖ×mɪсſȀƻȀÕӲЊ҆Ԙ̑ʦԖѧԣΖӖϡ˵ʖ× jпȿѩӾǤSԬ. ȿѩH οŷƈаȿѩԬӣӒӐƃБ̓̃ʏͣёыȿѩŽϽӾ jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵ̾ӗϸ ŲҐ̓ӖԬ ӗͣŬŗħȕǷԠӣӒԡ2%˦ʯӐƃБ̓̃ʏͣmёы˃ɀԣ˭ΥθȤØɳ˵dzɳ ϥʺԣ^̡ϚʖłёыȿѩӾԣȿѠjὠӖŽϽʐаԣ³ʫƥаʏͣёы˃ ɀԣʖůȿόͮ͜͝ҮӯmDZĪɡD. ȿѩ οŷƈаȿѩԬӗ͜ŬŗħjпłĦƃʐȩӏɵҜşӖӏmȩӐɀёы jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵͩȿϸ XIII.
(14) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ŲҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵ̾ӗϸ ȕǷłĦƃǤё˄jпҕşϫɵҙң˒ԣȿѩјłĦƃʐȩӏɀɵБ͜ѨϖϣҜ şӖӏmȩӐɀёыԣ³˦ʯәϢͣ͜ɝҚ̼łɵ̼ĦȕǷԣ˦ŏ˄Ƚӌ¢ƞҮӯ ҕ˒ӒD. ȿѩM eӌ˩ȿѩԬiЃιӒmʏͣ˃ɀёыΥθ jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵȿόΥθɺ ŲҐ̓ӖԬ ͇͞ȏǝИ˲P˃ʏͣԍωmё϶ԣǏŜȕǷιӒǺεԣƺȿόͮħmiЃιӒʏ ͣёы˃ɀԣϤŽϽˉ˭ːƜ 46 Ȯ 12 ˥ 4 ˉÈʊυ 905 ЯчһŅmЍ͢ʏͣ˃ ɀтǵԣΥʦ̼ͣҙҢóȕǷɍ̓̃ʏͣ˃ɀʏłmΥθDϤŌ̞̑ʦϡ˵Ԍ Ϋԣij̼ͣʧʸɧ̳ſͣȘSӛ˒ӒԣБаʏͣёы˃ɀ̦Ȋϡ˵ΖʒҒԣȿ ѩƈʉϵӀȊ̝Hёы˃ɀԣҝа˜́ĦmʑэſΥθԣ˩˄˫ÑƈϚĦȀšΆё ыҠD. ȿѩƭ eӌ˩ȿѩԬǝИ˲ħЦͣёыΥθ jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵȿόΥθɺ ŲҐ̓ӖԬ ɓ˭Υθϡ˵ԌΫԣƺüёǝИ˲ϡ̍CǝИ˲P˃̍µӗ͜ɡЈſŬŗdzʺɡ͠ ЮΑɧ̳SԣŏǝИ˲P˃ЦͣԣƈȀѺǏŜȕǷЦͣǺεԣȽϮͣȘSӛ˒Ӓԭ ǝИ˲˦ʇ˰P˃̼ͣʧʸmʯ˵ԣƈϦʉ҈ÌΑʏͣ͗ȶԣǝИ˲Цͣ˃ɀʖ× mҮӯҕ˒ӒԣϤ̑ʦ̦Ȋϡ˵ԣě˄аmʏͣёы˃ɀDȿѩƈʉϵӀȊ̝ Hёы˃ɀԣҝа˜́ĦmʑэſΥθԣ˩˄˫ÑƈϚĦȀšΆёыҠD XIV.
(15) ʝ. п. ȿѩ eӌ˩ȿѩԬȎȕǷʏͣƃԍҚёыΥθ jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵȿόΥθɺ ŲҐ̓ӖԬ ǜҽʏͣ˒ɺΑ̼ԘћȋѰ(ʅκʯɱ)ԣˣȋЏʺóιӒħͣȘƂŐɇӻԣƘ ̉ȶVζǵZɝҚѬşɧ̳ԣқɳͣȘʧʸԣVŏ˄ʏͣʯЈſ¢ƞҮӯԣij jпŻƯБͣȘźȶſʏͣƃԍҚ˦ӖDȎȕǷƂӜ˄ιӒԙȶ̵͠Ϟεҁǚͣ ȘźȶԣƯ̝ԣʏͣԍҚŷɳ͞͞ɇӻȎȕǷʏͣʯЈmҼпƯϜԣʏͣԍҚɩǜԣ ʅκʯɱɩˍԌԣʏͣʯЈɩȣDƺˉ˭CǜӠΔœъǵʏͣƃԍҚVɒѾҢ 10m/sԣ Ͽɴƴа̵²Ēъǵ 1cmm/m2 ʏͣҽԣƺʏͣƃԍҚP^˫ˍъDɓ˭Υθ̑ʦ ϡ˵ԌΫԣ̝HʏͣҽёыԣƺԍҚ҈ԙ˒ԣΨȀȊǷħ̼NJſʏͣɡЈқɳɇӻԣ Ư̝ԣȿѩʏͣƃԍҚɇӻʏͣɡЈmҵňԣЈʉϵ́ĦʑэſΥθԣØʥƴɧъ ǵƌҨʏͣƃԍҚ̐͋ԣ³ʖů͜͝ҮӯmDZĪɡD. ȿѩı eӌ˩ȿѩԬʏͣɡЈmҽ͉ԖѧϚĦ̾ӗ̕˸ΖӖ¢ƞʷІюϯ jҐ̓ӖԬħʭҵ̾ӗϸ ŲҐ̓ӖԬ ȿόͮeӗͣŬŗħmȕǷԠӣӒԡʏͣёыԣ˄dzȡӢ̤ȿѩǃаϖϣ͉іCў ʺБȭд(TAB)Бʏͣҽҽ͉ԖѧԣΨìʏͣϖϣτƌŻёыԣ˭ljƙȤʖ×ёыт ϋ׎Ͻԣ^Ґͺ̾ӗ̕˸¢ƞſ̾ӗёċȧ(Ǖ)ʷІюϯԣÎ̕˸̐͋Ҁ˄HЏԣ ͇ȏǃаͪѩD. XV.
(16) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. XVI.
(17) ʝ. п. Abstract. Keywords: Smoke control zone, smoke opening, smoke exhaust, partition smoke exhaust. Smoke from a fire site may spread to non-fire sites, with consequences of property loss, obstructing evacuation and firefighting. Therefore maintaining a tenable conditions in a case of fire, is an important concern of fire safety. This study focuses on the smoke exhaust from partitions in a smoke control zone. The relevant regulations and research literature were studied. Three actual building cases that have 2% smoke openings on the partition walls were used in the FDS computer models. It has been found that 2% opening on the partition wall is a viable substitute for installing smoke damper in the partition. The conclusion is based on the analytical results of exhaust volume from the partition opening and also the height of smoke layer during a fire. A design guide for partition smoke exhaust is proposed based on the research results, and can also be used for future amendments of fire regulations.. Introduction The partitions in a smoke control zone are required to install smoke dampers by law. For practical causes when smoke dampers are not possible, an opening equal to at least 2% of the partition area is allowed as a substitution. The 2% opening must be installed not lower than 80 cm from the ceiling. This has been used in commercial buildings in the cases of partition change or when restrictions exist in the building space. This study analyzes the performance of smoke exhaust in the smoke zone, compares the effectiveness of the partition opening under different design parameters. Proposals are made for better fire safety based on the research results of the building cases.. XVII.
(18) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. Research methods Regulations of other nations relevant to smoke exhaust from partitions were studied. Research literature as well as standards was analyzed. Researchers and professionals were invited to two seminars held in different stages of the research. Comments made in the seminars were considered in the research works. The computer models for three building cases were used to investigate the effectiveness of using 2% opening on the partition walls. The three building cases all have 2% openings for partitions. One building has 2% opening partition and at the same time has smoke dampers for other partitions. Different smoke control and designs were investigated for performance comparison. Enhanced safety designs were investigated and are proposed.. Research results The important findings in this research are described as below: 1. The research subject was rare in research literature. Regulations and standard are mostly for smoke control zones with no discussion on partitions. The results as presented are original contributions for partitions in a smoke control zone. 2. The smoke exhaust rate from the 2% opening can reach 1.0 cmm per meter of floor area of a partition, meet the regulation requirement. 3. The smoke control zone smoke exhaust can allow 43% more evacuation time. 4. Lower aspect ratio and higher installation are better for the partition openings. 5. The relative position of fire to the opening has no significant effects on smoke exhaust. 6. Shorter separation between the smoke damper and the opening is better for smoke exhaust. 7. For two partitions in series smoke exhaust, it takes more than 100 seconds for smoke layer to drop to 1.8m, the series design would not impede safe evacuation. 8. Smoke accumulation in the ceiling space has been found to double the time for smoke XVIII.
(19) ʝ. п. layer dropping to 1.8m, for about 200 seconds. 9. Ceiling type and wall type smoke damper has not significant effects on smoke exhaust. 10. The door opening conditions would affect the fire growth due to air supply to the fire site.. Applications proposed Immediate applications of the research results are proposed as below: 1. The 2% opening design guide in smoke control zone presented in the report can be referred to in fire safety design, and used by the fire regulation departments either at the central or local governments. 2. For fire site doors facing the evacuation routes, alarm activated door closing would help to prevent smoke spreading out for safe evacuation. Revised regulations by the government department based on the research results: 1. Allow smoke accumulation in ceiling space. Under adverse conditions of equipment failure or no smoke exhaust, ceiling accumulation allow more evacuation time. It may be important to health care facilities where impaired individuals have to be considered. 2. The air speed of at the smoke damper not to be higher than 10m/s, so to prevent flow induction and plug holing effects. The effects could results in undesired smoke flow and are regulated by some governments. 3. It was found that Japan allows series path of smoke exhaust. It can avoid problem of the ceiling space limitation in practice. Smoke exhaust from a fire partition through an adjacent partition was studied. The characteristics of smoke flow and smoke layer are similar to smoke exhaust from a fire partition. It is proposed here that this design method can be considered in the government regulation and applied in practice. It is also proposed here that commissioning of smoke control systems be included in the education and training of fire safety regulation personals. The effectiveness of smoke XIX.
(20) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. exhaust for a smoke control zone be tested, adjusted and balanced after construction, so to ensure the performance conform to the original design. The design guide for partition opening can be used as part of the education and training materials.. XX.
(21) υHρϪѡ. ƕ&Ɣ ƕ&Ɨ. ƠLJ. ƌƑřƲƫĺ. ɴƴȿόͮʏͣϖϣёыØʥſ̵т̲ӹǜϘƈň͞Ԭ̩ƴ 78 Ȯ³œȿͮØEȿ όʁбтŒFёы˅ȡϭυ 100 ̀-102 ̀ԣ̩ƴ 78-84 ȮȿͮØEƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪ ёċё϶̐͋Fυ 21 ̀ſ 106 ̀ԣ̩ƴ 85-102 ȮȿͮØEƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё ϶̐͋Fυ 28 ̀ſ 188 ̀-190 ̀D аØ̵ё϶̓̃ʏͣёċmȿόͮԣƺʏͣŬŗħҵΑȕǷԠӣӒԡ ԣҙȩ³ ̓̃ʏͣƃ͞jпʏͣёċD͢ϿԣŬŗƯҗѬ˜ɵ̈šӴпԣŬŗħӣӒɚ ԀʫѬԣϿž̵͠˄ʫѬιӒ¿ёʏͣԍωɵǏёʏͣƃ˒ԣҙȩƈʐƁƅHγˡ °ёы˃ɀԣŷˑ˄ȕǷͫӸǝИ˲S 80cm ħԣӐёǜ˄ȕǷӸε 2%˦ʯӐƃԠӣ ӒӐƃԡ ԣƁ°̵ǵ̓̃ʏͣƃD̝γʏͣёыԣˑΔœӀȊȎȕǷˢ͞˕ҡΑёы ˃ɀmHԣȩс˄ĵƿΑƠҐƿȿόͮǷħкñſѬ˜Îа͞eԣˑĶԋÎι ӒſϊΘЁѷΑёы˃ɀD ɓ̾ӗ̵тȗ̲ӹФΛԣƺ 85 ȮͭEƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё϶̐͋F[1] ñ̜Ԃ¿ɍԣʏͣ̕эſёы˃ɀԣ˦VƏΑȗԠǤе 1ԡ D85 Ȯͭυ 28 ̀υ 1 Ӿυ 1C4C5 ̘ӞҵňñъǗԣ˜Ǐñυ 2 ̘Ԥǜ˄ 100m2 ȕǷſυ 3 ̘Ԥ1000m2 ³P͠Ӑƃ̏Șφɱ̕эё϶ʏͣёċ̀ʽԣſυ 188 ̀Ĥё̘̀ԣÎɒȿόͮʏ ͣёċmё϶тǵȤ҈ȿόʁбтŒſ 78 Ȯͭmё϶̐͋˜ҀƬѦDɓʺԘȿόͮ Үӯҕ̋ɞʼnĦԣ˄̵²ɄȶʖůԣΖȊǏŜȿόͮDZĪɡЈԣ¾xʖԙ ȿόͮƺʏͣȡαΑё϶ɳ˭ԣſҵňӯ³ЬͺΑȡαƲӯƢԆԣǤД˦ȿόͮ͠ ԈǗιӒё϶ʏͣϖϣԣɵˈёιӒԙȶҢÃ̵͠ё϶ԍωφD. 1.
(22) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. Ƹ 1 ĦųŌijŜûŴƸ EƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё϶̐͋ʏͣFʏͣ̀ʽñ̜Ȋͤ. ̀. ʽ. Ȯͭ. Ȯͭ. υ ̀ ȢŋNJɺɱё϶ʏͣёċԬ HC×ὺυH̘υHΔЎυį ΔÎm̏Șԣ̥Ș̏ƻ˲Ӹ εѾҢΐȭ˃İȓ³PϾD ¾̥Hΐȭ˃İȓħ³ňӒͫ ɵ³ӗͣǑŬŗňӣϾԣVƺ ̝ӜD C͠μɸſ͠Ӑƃ̏ȘmȕǷD MC×ὺυH̘υHΔÎm ЕƉҵňԣ̏ƻ˲Ӹεǜ˄M ΐȭ˃İȓ³PϾD ƭCØȿόʁбтŒɱё϶ͯŎDZ Ī́CӍſϩɠˋӛ̓ӖmNJ ɺϾD. υ ̀ ȢŋNJɺӞυHΐįŭį̀ƅ˦тǵ Ǘԣɱё϶ʏͣёċԬ HC×υŭ̀υH̘υHΔЎυJ Δſυ̘υŭΔɺŋNJɺÎ ԣϳ̏ƻ˲Ӹεƺΐȭ˃İ ȓ³PϾD C̏ƻ˲ӸεƺHΐȭ˃İȓ³P mȕǷԣijǝИ˲S˃įŭİň ϋƵħm˦ʯҙԍӸε˫Ҥј ȕǷ̏ƻ˲ӸεΐňmϾD MCϳ̏ƻ˲ӸεƺHŮȭ˃İȓ³ Pm͠Ӑƃ̏ȘD ƭC×υŭ̀υH̘υHΔɺŋNJ ɺÎԣЕƉҵňm̏ƻ˲Ӹε ƺΐȭ˃İȓ³PϾD CØȿόʁбтŒɱё϶mͯŎDZ Ī́ɵϩɠˋӛ̓ӒD œӾɱёʏͣёċNJɺm̏ƻ˲Ӹ εԣƺȿόͮ³ӗͫ͜Cӗ̏͜˲ſ ȭ˒ìʉӖӏm΄Csγӗ͜ӍμŬ ŗňӣ˒ԣјŬŗҵňɒňŎыψD υ ̀ ȢŋЬɺɒĤёʏͣёċԬ HCȿόͮƺυŭȘ³SmƋ̏Ș ԠƻSȘӞǗԡԣijӶȕǷҵňԣ τƌȢŋтǵmHϾԬ H ǝИ˲ſǷħͫӸԣ³Vͦ ˯ʾ ɵЀͦ˯ʾкñԣZӞӸƒǷǗ mӐƃǗԣ³΄Csγӗ͜Ӎμ ŬŗӒӣϾD ̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥Hΐȭ˃İȓħԣ ³ӗͣǑŬŗӒӣϾD CȿόͮƺυŭȘ³SmƋ̏Ș Ԡƻ SȘӞǗԡԣijȕǷҵňԣτƌȢŋт ǵmHϾԬ. 2.
(23) υHρϪѡ. H̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥Hΐȭ˃İȓħԣ ³ӗͫ͜Cӗ̏͜˲ſ΄Csγӗ ͜ӍμŬŗӒӣԣZǝИ˲ſǷħ ͫӸԣ³Vͦ˯ʾɵЀͦ˯ʾкñ ϾD ̏ƻ˲ӸεƺHΐȭ˃İȓ³ SԣǝИ˲ſǷħͫӸԣZũʈ ijȲ˯ԣƽ³Vͦ˯ʾкñϾD MCȿόͮƺυŭHȘ³PmƋ̏ Șԣ̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥Hΐȭ˃İȓ ħԣ³ӗͫ͜Cӗ̏͜˲ſ΄C sγӗ͜ӍμŬŗӒӣԣZǝИ ˲ſǷħͫӸԣ³Vͦ˯ʾɵЀ ͦ˯ʾкñϾD ƭC̏́ӒCˋӛ̓ˋӛ҄ſij¯Ԋ½ ҵňD Cё˦̫ŪΧɵ|ϓφЍş͎͜ё ċmNJɺD. ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽ˞Δ 1ԡ. ƺȕǷʏͣҵňԣƺʏͣŬŗħҵΑȎȕǷԠӣӒԡԣØ̵ƈё϶̓̃ʏͣƃԣ ҵňӓʖłœҔƲӯƢԆԣƺȎȕǷё϶ʏͣёċΑтǵPԣjὠӖ˄ 86 Ȯ 1 ˥ 16 ˉ³Ԡ86ԡƉħ̾Ǭυ 8676007 ЯŅE̾ӗDZĪёċˣȁԠŠԡǃ̵ΌϺF ˣѩϗӅ[2]ʖ˽uËɳ̮ѩǤSԤE…ƺƏHӗͣŬŗħmȕǷ˦τƌSŋƶ 1 ɺ ΫmɧɆϾԣȎȕǷɒĤёʏͣƃF D̝͋ԣɍϵʏͣёыɒɁјһΌϡ˵ԣ˄ȕ ǷͫӸǝИ˲S 80cm ħԣӐёǜ˄ȕǷӸε 2%˦ʯӐƃԣƁ°̵ǵ̓̃ʏͣƃԣ ҵňʫƥД˦ȿόͮʏͣёċё϶PΑƢԆD ȒœҔёы˃ɀϿщԣƺȀšPч̮ҵňȿόͮƯǝИ˲ҢÃԣɵij¯̵͠ ˦ʯё϶ʏͣԍωNJɺԣʖ×˦ʯΑч̮˃˽D͢ȒʏͣɡЈϿщԣ͜͝ ˒ԣ³œҔ 2%˦ʯӐƃԣƁ°̵ǵ̓̃ʏͣƃԣˑƓƈҤŐБ̓̃ʏͣƃƏφmʏ ͣɡЈԣȀ˦ɚп́ĦҝаʑэΥ˳ԣԖѧijʏͣɡЈԣ³ΨìιӒħҵ¢ƞ˄Ō ˩͜͝˒Ј˦ʯҕԣʖůȊҕΑìӦD 3.
(24) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ˭ljƙħɺʐm>ȎȕǷ>HѕԣáʊƺȡαȀšPԣʏͣŬŗħɱёʏͣ ёċmóŎȕǷϿщԣ^Ӷȿόſ̾ӗ̵²ɺǵϺm̵ǵƐδԣijӸεǜȎσуι ӒÎͯɡſʏͣ̓ёыЈřϿǵԣҙȩVˣǜ˄ʏͣŬŗӸε 50%³Pԣ˭ljƙ ɍϵɺδmȎȕǷԣȈ³̝ѝˍ͞ǵϺԣЪ³ʑэ˭Υθ˽jԆD. × 1 üýð ĽİǦÿ^ĦųÃƍě× ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽ˞Δ 2ԡ. 4.
(25) υHρϪѡ. ƕMƗ. ƌƑĵťƲŞǼ. ˭ыΉΑΔΑ͞Ԭ HCƴħǗȊ˄ӗͣŬŗħȎȕǷԠӣӒԡʏͣёыmʽ͵Хӫſň˳ԣË͞ɴƴ ̵тſтϋñъmŽϽD CŏMóĵƿˈёȿόͮ͞˽Õȿ̑ԣ³ӗͣŬŗħȎȕǷԠӣӒԡ̓̃ʏͣ ƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃҝаӲЊ̑ʦԣЪ³ʑэ̝γёы˃ɀΑʏͣɡЈԣ^̑ʦϡ ˵̦Ȋň˳ij˦ʯɡD MCØӲЊ̑ʦň˳ϡ˵ԣΥθVƏΑёы˃˽ſʖłƈаɡёыє»ȿѩԣ³ʖ ůʏͣϖϣƈӷȶſёыDZĪɡD ƭCʖ×̾ӗ̈ΆҝаȿόͮȕǷͣʓёы˒ŽϽØʥԣſ˫Ñ̾ӗϸƇӐ̾ӗё ыΌϺΥƠˣѩmŽϽD ˭ыΉΥθħǺũʈ³SʻӾԬ HC³MóȀӥ˽Õȿ̍ӲЊ̑ƿԣũʈǷħmʨ϶ԣƋγ˯ʾͥûёǵD CȎȕǷØ̵ё϶̓̃ʏͣƃԣʏͣɡЈm̑ʦſʑэD MCȎȕǷØƉħ̾Ǭυ 8676007 ЯŅԣ³ 2%˦ʯӐƃˡ°ʏͣƃʏͣɡЈm̑ʦ ſʑэD ƭCʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃԣijȯƌƿͱſё϶Á϶ȊʏͣɡЈmɇӻΥθD CȎȕǷˈёӍμmƤӏ̀µԣȊʏͣɡЈmɇӻΥθD ıC̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃşËɍԣɺmǷħ̼NJѬŪȊ̼ͣɇӻmʑэD JCƋγƈЈɇӻʏͣɡЈƯϜD įCГҐȷџˣɅʺΖӖǮϾȉǹɪсD ˭ыΉmΥθ˃̵͞Ԭ HCΥθў˸ƴħȿόͮȕǷʏͣёċmё϶̳ԣ³чijёыБÎƢԆD 5.
(26) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. CȿόͮȕǷʏͣmёы˽ÕΥθD MCƴħCǗȿόͮȕǷʏͣm̵ттϋΥθԣË͞˫ÑñъΖӖ̵²ſʁбтŒ φmŽϽD ƭC³MóȀӥȿόͮ˽Õԣ³ FDS ҆Ԙȿ̍̑ʦʏͣϖϣԣØыΉΥθӾΔҝа ̑ʦԣ³̑ʦϡ˵ňԊΥэƈʫƥӾΔԣʖłʫƥȿѩDD CГҐȷџˣɅʺΖӖǮϾȉǹɪсD ˭ыΉjпȡËħǺſijљϟҝа̞ԗԣƈǤ³SmȡË̼αƶ 2Ԭ. × 2 ĀwŧƏ× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. 6.
(27) υHρϪѡ. ˭Υθԁ˩dzɳSŋȡËӾΔſɳ˵Ԭ HCƺʏͣŬŗħҵΑȎȕǷԠӣӒԡʐǜ˄јȕǷӸε 2%˦ʯӐƃƁ°̓̃ʏ ƃԣ˭Υθɳ˵ȈҤɳчijΖȊmʏͣɡЈD CΥθɳ˵Ȉʖѩ˦ʯʏͣΑёы˃ɀԣÎ͜͝˒ԣȎȕǷԠӣӒԡҤŐφ Ə˄̓̃ʏͣ 1 cmm/m2 ʏͣҽmԁ˩ʏͣΔΑԣ˦Ş˄ʏͣɡЈɀёыſȁ˸D MCʏͣŬŗħҵΑȎȕǷԠӣӒԡԣ˭Υθ³Ȁӥ˽Õ̑ʦĵƿ̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2% ˦ʯӐƃԣчƺƋγÎͱ̳SmʏͣɡЈD ƭC˭Υθ˽³ˈёΔ̐ȿόͮȿ̑ҝаӲЊ̑ʦԣ^Ø̑ʦϡ˵ňԊΥэƈʫƥ ӾΔԣʖłʫƥȿѩD CØӲЊ̑ʦň˳ϡ˵ԣΥθVƏΑёы˃˽ԣʖłƈаɡёыБє»ȿѩԣʖ ůʏͣŬŗmDZĪɡD ıCҝачƴǗΖӖ̵тſ̐͋ԣ³˭˽ȀÕȀƻŠ˸ϡ˵ҝаБƴǗʽ͵˽Õ m̦҈ň˳ԣË͞ɴƴ̵тſтϋñъmŽϽD. 7.
(28) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. 8.
(29) υρʽ͵Ʈԋ. ƕMƔ ijŻÒǻ ƕ&Ɨ. ÕãĽǩijŻGƌƑĚţ. Klote φ[3]ʑэͣʓͺѡ˒ԣʖł̼ͣΑşřũʈι̪ԙ͍ͥЋЉԣˣқɳ̪Ǔ Pů¾̼ͣҽŹˣSӛΑƢԆPDȕǷ͜͝ӎͦ˒ΑɝҚ͍ůſͥЋЉԣˣқɳ ͽΦзԣǜҽͥͣΝӒ̼łԣǤȕǷЬƺHóʏͣŬŗħԣȊ˄ŬŗΑʏͣˑHó ԀпϽҽΑƯϜDĹϾȕǷӐƃ̀µˣɇӻ͜ŤmȗԣHЖȕǷħҶ˦VȏΑ ˎͦͮԣӐƃȎ˒Ƃι̪×ɱҽſι̪e̫̪ҽɇӻԣδ͞ҙԍʓőԠventilation controlledԡ͜ŤDƅHγɧǎ͞ҙ˘Α̪̼Ӑƃԣž˦ǜҽΑˎͦͮԣͦͨɍΑԙ ͍ҍȇˣґҚқɳˎͦͮΑȽͨԣͥһʬͶɝҚPůԣˣŜŘ͜͝т̑ſʚĐDƶ 3 ͞Hó˦ǝȿό͜͝mȽͨ[4ԣ5]ԣM̏ȕǷƦԞΑ͜ɝҚȽͨŐɺ˦ȕǷħˎͦ ͮԣͥͣĹϤǝ̼ĦPȘȕǷԣқɳŭ̏M¢̢D. × 3 +ŖtèŮůæPųÓİğGdzƮŘī ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 4ԡ. 9.
(30) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. × 4 čŶǔĠŵǠĮżėǓ.±[4] ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 4ԡ. PҔƈсԣȕǷħˎͦͮſȽͨˑ͜͝Ř˭ΑҼпƯǫԣǤƶ 4 Ż͞ 1000kW ͜ ͥ͝һʬͶԣƺ 100 ίɍȗɳ͞ 20000kW ³Pԣŭö˦ԑԭmɍͥһʬͶSӛ kˑˎͦͮŕԑҽ͇ȏΑϬʮDƶeĬ̀˛ϫH͞ϳͥһʬͶƅH͞ҍȇͥһʬͶD ĹϾӐƃˑɇӻ͜͝ȽͨſȗmƯϜԣǤƶ 3 ӸЌǝΑӐμſǝѮηԣk ˑÎ͜ŤɝҚɳӌſ͔ȽmҼпƯϜD ӗͣŬŗħȕǷ͜NJmȗԀϽҽ³PƯǫԣȕǷħˎͦͮӐʬmLjʬԣӍ mӐƤφԣˣȊ͜͝mȗ˦ɺɇӻDKlote[6]Ȋ̼ͣΑ҄ɏſ̼ҽʖłыψİɀԣ ͜͝ǷӐƃφʯӸεыψʖłň˳ԣƶ 3 ԌΫ͜NJƺˢħmȕǷԣѽ͜қɳ̜Ǔԣ ̼ͣҽmыψǤɀԠ2.1ԡԣɀԠ2.1ԡe C ͞ȩʻƈ³ 0.65 ыψmԣ. P ͞ǷħǗǓ. ȣԣ9͞ι̪ǼȶԣAe ͞φʯӐƃӸεD. ṁ = C. ∆. Ԡ2.1ԡ. 10.
(31) υρʽ͵Ʈԋ. ɀԠ2.1ԡeφʯӸεǤƶ 5ԣijыψǤɀԠ2.2ԡԣe ͞ŽϽԞԠƈʐÃ͍Ԟԡԣɀ Ԡ2.2ԡϽҽǙҼӐƃ҄ɏmәřԣ³ſι̪ͥЋЉmɇӻDKlote[6]^ʔȋӐƃeɡ Ӹ̼ͣѺҽ̼ͶİɀԣƅʖſŬǂͣʓΑ̋ɞԣȊ˄óŎιӒʏͣȤ˦ɺФǐԣ¾ Ȑ˫сѢ˄ɴƴȡαË̵D. =. .. [∑. (. ) ]. .. Ԡ2.2ԡ. × 5 DƪǦÃųŧGƍě[6] ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 6ԡ. ¾ƺ³ӗͣ͞jΑϹƴȿό̵тħԣȐ˫˦ĴԘΑË̵ԭ³ 1997 Ȯͭ UBC[7] ſ 2009 Ȯͭ IBC[8]тϋ͞ÕԣƺͣʓſʏͣρϊPĒȊǜιӒφNJɺъǵΖӖӗʏ ͣтǵԣȊ˄ȎιӒҵň^͠ѡſD ƺƴħԣӊdžɄ[9]ƺijӗ͜ŬŗБʏͣёċӗͣŚЈˡ°mΥθeԣȊ̏ƻ˲ ӸεȎ˄ 100 ȭ˃İȓΑȎŬŗӸεʖłͣΑġNjҢαԣġNj˒ӒſΖȊԙȶφԣ ^ʖłͺѡ̑ɀň˳ϡ˵ԣ¾˫ѡſȎȕǷƺ͜͝ɧ̳SʏͣϖϣɡЈɧ̳D ̆ĺӪƺʌιeȸſǜƿӐӕιӒȿόͮͣʓʁбтϋmΥθ[10]CǜιӒȿό Ѝͣ͢ʓёыmĪȓȶȀԖБԖѧ[11]CǜιӒȿό̓̃ͣʓёыmĪȓȶȀԖБԖ 11.
(32) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ѧ[12]φΥθeԣňŎʖłƺЍ͢ʏͣԣ̓̃ʏͣƺʻóVƏͱ̳SΑĪȓȅȀԖ ʻʥſȀԖϡ˵ԣ¾ӀȊȎȕǷʏͣҵň^͠ΖӖ˃ӸΑΥθD ƺ³Pʽ͵ƮԋΑҢαeԣ̠ÑƺӗʏͣΥθԃǂԣӬ˦ҵňȉǹǮϾʖ ſӗʏͣmdžΩͺѡΥθſǜιӒφΖӖʏͣƢԆΥθԣ͢ϿԣӀȊӗͣŬŗħȎ ȕǷԠӣӒԡ̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃʏͣɡЈmΥθPԣȐ͠ĴԘΥθ˽Õſɳ ˵ƈ׎Ͻԣ˜ŜҼ˭Υθ˽ƺԁ˩Αɳ˵PmҼпɡD ΖӖΑǮбǤϹƴ NBS ͜͝ΥθeəԣCooper[13]Ȋ̼͔ͣȽқɳҷҒȕǷѽ ͜ΑͺѡΥθԣǤƶ 6 eͥͣƈЈϤӣӒӐƃɵϱӤ̼ĦҷҒȕǷԣқɳ͜NJΑ ȽͨD. × 6 džLJŘÛħǂǞǑǰǧǦÃƣDZŮßƉčŶ ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 13ԡ. úʹǜǮ Barclay Б Aston[14]³ӲЊ̑ƿň˳γΖȊʏͣƃёыʏͣmɡЈԣ ʑэӐƃÁ϶ȶȊȕǷ̼NJſʏͣmɇӻԣƶ 7 ͞ijeĬγ҈ǢϾԣΒ˦ҝłƃȊ ̼mʯɱD˭˽ΥθŬŗħȕǷ³Ӑƃˡ°ʏͣƃԣȕǷӐƃБʏͣƃmȊ̼ˑ ƈϽҽΑƯǫD. 12.
(33) υρʽ͵Ʈԋ. ԠaԡS˃ҝԍԙЬʏͣ. ԠbԡS˃ҝԍǝИ˲ʏͣƃ × 7 ǦÃGûŧİğ. ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 14ԡ. Fu Б Hadjisophocleous [15]ʑэȕǷ˦ӐƃԠӍԡ˒m̼ͣԣſ͜NJħǗ͍ȶm ѬŪǤƶ 8Dƶ 8ԠaԡʏͣƃƺP˃ԣͺѡPȕǷħˣɆɳͣȘԙ͍ŬſӮ͜NJ҈ ҧЬS˃mÃ͍Ŭԣƶ 8ԠbԡƘȕǷħǗ͍ȶѬŪԣԌΫŬǂ̑ɀԠzone modelԡ ԁ͉БȀ͉ûΖҒD. (a) ͣȘԙ͍ŬſӮ͜NJ ҈ҧЬS˃mÃ͍Ŭ. (b) ȕǷħǗ͍ȶѬŪ. × 8 °ÞŘĐȁzone modelȂǹũƲõũ ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 15ԡ. 13.
(34) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ˢˀȐɋłͭΑΥθ͞ Vaux Б Pre´trel [16] ijʑэ͜NJ̼ͣşřȊȽͨmɇӻԣ ι̪ƂͥЋЉ͞ҼпΑƯǫԣǤƶ 9 ĬȕǷӒ¶ÉӐƃҶˣƯ͜NJԙ͍ι̪ͥ ЋЉԣŷÎ˦ҝʏ̪SҰˑˣ͑ĦӣǑȕǷD. × 9 ŮßǿŬƓšŵưƭųŭǰáýð ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 16ԡ. 14.
(35) υMρƴħǗΖӖӗ̵ͣт. ƕ+Ɣ. ÕãƋǩǪųťƾ. ƕ&Ɨ. ÕǪųťa. ɴƴȿόͮʏͣϖϣёыØʥſ̵т̲ӹԣǜϘƈň͞Ԭ̩ƴ 78 Ȯ³œȿͮØ EȿόʁбтŒFёы˅ȡϭυ 100 ̀-102 ̀ԣ̩ƴ 78-84 ȮȿͮØEƋԊNJɺ̾ӗ DZĪёċё϶̐͋Fυ 21 ̀ſ 106 ̀ԣ̩ƴ 85-102 ȮȿͮØEƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪё ċё϶̐͋Fυ 28 ̀ſ 188 ̀-190 ̀D˦Ӗȿόſ̾ӗφҨǷħʏͣёċmΖӖ ̵²̀ʽԣϥʺǤɍԬ. 3.1 ďƘťa ̩ƴ 78 Ȯ³œВȿmȿόͮԣij̾ӗDZĪёċԣØȿό̵[17]ſȿόʁбтŒ [18]ԣ̕эёы˅ȡDΖӖ̵²̀ʽǤе 2Cе 3Ԭ. Ƹ 2 ďƘťǜg Eȿό̵F υJŭJ̀. Eȿό̵F υuŭJ̀ Eȿό̵F υuŭH̀. ďƘŸĤĽŚV" "xſVğƞljďƘŸÇťxſƲ£ŕǔ¼ǃ ë DΕҎȥCϰԠȥԡԠȔԡjωȿό̓ӖȊ˄ȿόͮɒӧ˒ ̻ƞ̕˸ij˦ӖİIJDZĪБİIJвm̍қБёċD ×İΜÎmȿόͮԣɱȿόͮɺ˦̖¢C΢ǵ˩ǩя eǟjωȿό̓Ӗњƈmȉ̈̓̍ɵ¢ƞ̕˸Ϗѧԣij̕˸Ϗѧϡ ˵ɱƒƻjωȿό̓Ӗ΅ljDӶ×İΜÎmȿόͮԣϤħʭҵ њ˦ɚп˒ƏD œӾ̕˸Ϗѧϡ˵ԣjωȿό̓Ӗɒӧ˒̻ƞɵǵ˩ˣƏƋ˦ Ӗ̓Ӗм˸DυMӾm̕˸ϏѧӾC̕˸˩ӒC΅lj˃ɀſ˅а ˉ˩ԣħʭҵǵmD ˦ӖȿόтŗCёыC˅ȡC̍қCёċmȿόʁбтŒԣeǟ jωȿό̓Ӗǵmԣ^ɱСȀȿ̍Ĭɡȭ̖;ǎmʭχD ˦ȢŋɧɆmHϾԣЬȿόͮɺ˦̖¢C΢C̓̃ҟ̎ё˅m ϤͩϾˀАȫıРğ³PMŭРğ³SϷӈԣ^Ӝ˩ʫƥɵйҐɽ ϵԣȖ˩«˫ʫƥɵйҐɽϵϿϴϵÎϾԣɒҜϵЬϷԣ^Ӝ˩ ā̛ijÎDɚп˒ԣ^ā̛×̬×ӲCȆӏɵƛij˄˩ӜħЍа ʄӞԣɤɕŻͱɵɄőʄӞԬ HCҥƀυJŭM̀υӾтǵԣ˫Ϥ˺ĽѬ˜ÎʠЍÎȿό ͮϾD 15.
(36) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. C˫ØυJŭJ̀υHӾтǵϦѪȿόͮƌ̵ÎБij̍қſё ċDZĪϾD MCтҮCǥΪɵʆϢØυJŭJ̀υӾɵυƭӾm̕˸Cм˸ ɵʃ˸ϾD ƭC˫ØυJŭJ̀υMӾCυƭӾтǵҐͺȿόͮİIJDZĪ̕˸ Ϗѧɵ΅ljϾD CҥƀυJŭJ̀mMυHӾтǵԣ˫ϤԃɒÎǃͤԣʠЍ× ¢Î̓̃ҟ̎ё˅ϾD ıCҥƀυJŭJ̀mMυӾυH̘тǵԣ˫Ø˺Ľ˩ӜÎ̓ ̃ҟ̎ё˅ϾD JC˫ØυJŭJ̀mMυӾυ̘тǵȩ˒ʂìɪǗѴ¶ìӨ ϾD įC˫ØυJŭJ̀mMυӾυM̘тǵȀ˅ǵ˩DZĪ̕˸ ϾD uC˫ØυJŭJ̀mMυӾυƭ̘тǵ϶ȉ¶¢ƞωͺʤË̓ ̃ҟ̎ё˅ϾD ŭC˫ØυJŭJ̀mMυӾυ̘тǵ϶ϤϽіſ˼ɵ̕ǵƌ ˼m̓Ӳʁб¢ƞѱѴϤȩɡmìԐCñѪϾD ˦×ͩ̈ÎȀmȿόͮԣijɺ˦̖¢C΢ҥƀυJŭJ̀ υHӾ˦ӖϦѪȿόͮƌ̵ÎБij̍қſёċDZĪтǵЏ¢˄̢ ϾԣЬHȮ³PJȮ³S˦˩ɑŊԣɒÍήˀАȫHΐРğ³Pΐ Рğ³SϷҿԭЏҼĐϾԣЬıó˥³PȮ³S˦˩ɑŊԣɒÍή ˀАȫŭРğ³PΐŭРğ³SϷӈD ȿό̵F Ø˭̵тǵā̛×̬ɵ×ӲmȿόͮԣӶϤΕҎȥCϰԠȥԡ υuŭƭ̀mH ԠȔԡjωȿό̓Ӗȁ˸ђƈԣVɒʠЍʒ̬CʒӲɵÎԭ˫Ϥ ђƈʠЍʒ̬CʒӲɵÎϾԣЬHȮ³S˦˩ɑŊCʇɈɵήɵ ÍήˀАȫMŭРğ³SϷҿD Eȿό̵F Ø˭̵тǵɄőʄӞmȿόͮԣҥƀтǵҼȿϾԣЬHȮ³S υuŭ̀ ˦˩ɑŊCʇɈɵήɵÍήˀАȫMŭРğ³SϷҿD ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 17ԡ. Ƹ 3 ďƘĥƷƾ§ǜg Eȿόʁбт ŒFȿόёы˅ ȡϭ υƭρ ӗ͜Үӯё˅ſ ̾ӗёċ υϊ ʏͣёċ υHΐ̀. ā¦ďƘŸğǃƥĦųǃ# #lŖōǧ" "ķǭřǧ¼£YǺkǜ gȃ4ØŝǯȄ HC×˭ϭυıŭùυHԊCυƭԊÎſυԊmԐϼӝCĥ ςέŏё˅mȿόͮԣij̥Ș̏ƻ˲ӸεѾҢBBȭ˃İȓ ϾD¾̥HBBȭ˃İȓ³ħ³ňӒͫɵ³ӗͣǑŬŗňӣ ϾԣVƺ̝ӜD C˭ϭυH̀υMŭH̘υMΔɺтǵm͠μɸȕǷD œӾυH̘mӗͣǑԣáʊ³Vͦ˯ʾȿқmƾǑԣЍǝИ˲ Sƾŭİň³PD 16.
(37) υMρƴħǗΖӖӗ̵ͣт. Eȿόʁбт Ԡʏͣёċm̍қԡʏͣёċm̍қԣɱØȢŋтǵԬ ŒFȿόёы˅ HC̥Ș̏ƻ˲ӸεƺBBȭ˃İȓ³ħϾԣɒ³ӗͣǑŬŗԣ ȡϭ ŬŗϋƵħ¶Hҵ·Ўʏͣƃm̬ȭ҂ӮԣVɒѾҢƭŭİ υHΐӰH̀ ȓԣʏͣƃmӐƃӸεԣVɒȎ˄ӗͣŬŗҵ·̏ƻ˲Ӹεΐ ňmԣ^ɱӐёƺǝИ˲ɵǝИ˲SįŭİňϋƵħmǗ ͫԣɵΕʒБʏͣԍңԠωԡΖʒD Cʏͣƃƺȭ˒ɱìʉӖӏͱɬԣӴпʏͣ˒ԣ³ɽʛɀк϶ԣ ɵŏͣɫɱƩҜşmЍşӐӖк϶CɵʛʓɀӐӖк϶ ³ ӐƤԣijӐƃӍɼm̍қɱ̹ɪVƂӐʬʏͣ˒ɺ̪̼m ɇӻD MCʏͣƃɒк϶ɽʛɀӐӖԣӐӖÁ϶ɱƺ҂Ӯ̏ƻ˲Ӹįŭİ ň³PH•İȓ³SmͫӸPDijкё˄ǝИ˲ϾԣɱƾƎ ˄ԙł̏ƻ˲ӸH•įİȓmÁ϶ԣ^ɱ̐ѓ̓ˎmʤË˃̵ ѝˍD ƭCʏͣƃǤкёʏԍ̓ԣɱЈӧʏͣƃmӐƤϿЍşʤËԣijʏ ԍҽVɒȎ˄̥ňӋHBο˃İȓԣ^VɒȎ˄ӗͣŬŗҵ ·m̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥ȭ˃İȓHο˃İȓD CʏͣƃCʏͣԍңԠωԡſij¯Бͣ͜mʒшҵ·ԣƽɱ³V ͦ˯ʾȿқԣʏͣԍңԠωԡm̍қԣɱτƌ˭ϭυŭ̀ υMCƭ̘mтǵԣijѳκӗͣǑҵ·mιӤԣɱ³̸̬Τ͕ ɵ³Vͦ˯ʾNjġD ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 18ԡ. 3.2 ŨǪťa ̩ƴ 78 Ȯ³ɍВȿmȿόͮԣij̾ӗDZĪёċԣØ̾ӗ̵[19]ſƋԊNJɺ̾ӗ DZĪёċё϶̐͋[1]ԣ̕эёы˅ȡDΖӖ̵²̀ʽǤе 4Cе 5Ԭ. Ƹ 4 ŨǪťǜg ̾ӗ̵ υı̀. łťĤîÆǺßĤGƖžŚVû£õDzĭǟƖžGßĤ Ĥȃğ ğǃƥ 8ƞlj£ŨǪë ǃȅßĤG¤Ǻ¼ŨǪë ǃǃƥGŗ ūȃƀ?çEƖřǩîG# ̾ӗ̓ӖɒØœӾɺǵƋԊNJɺmŵӨαȶԣňԊŋω̕˸ſм ˸D υHӾɺǵƋԊNJɺƯҗC̍қ̣ͯԣɵɁБØυHӾɺǵ ̐͋Əφ³PʯЈmʁбCȡ̵ɵёċϾԣɒ̕ӚĴԘѧˍԣϤ eǟjὠӖ˺ĽԣVҨØυHӾɺǵ̐͋mĪҵɵHҵD VȚ˄υHӾɺǵ̐͋ɱё϶͜ѨЍşѨljёċmˆԒCϼ¢έ ŏ̓̍NJɺſeǟjὠӖİƙNJɺmωͺ̖¢ԣɱё϶Èǯ 17.
(38) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ̾ӗ̵ υMŭ̀. ̾ӗ̵ υMŭJ̀. ͜͝ѨljƩ^ϦѪmԭijDZкÁ϶C˃ɀCʫƥ˩Ӝſij¯ɱҫ аӾmҐ̵ԣeǟjὠӖǵmD VȚ˄υHӾɺǵ̐͋ɱё϶͜ѨЍşѨljёċÈǯNJɺmωͺ ̖¢ԣɱё϶Èǯ͜͝ѨljƩ^ϦѪmԭijDZкÁ϶C˃ɀC ʫƥ˩Ӝſij¯ɱҫаӾmҐ̵ԣeǟjὠӖǵmD ƕ¢Ōƕ&ǸĤîŗūğǃƥŨǪë ǃGŷŐxſß ĤԣɵØƏ̀υƭӾɺǵɱё϶Èǯ͜͝ѨljƩmNJɺԣijƖ Ɩ žŚVŀƾîǃƥġƞljԣ˄͜͝˒Џ¢˄̢ϾԣЬHȮ ³PJȮ³S˦˩ɑŊԣɒÍήˀАȫHΐРğ³PΐРğ³ SϷҿԭЏҼĐϾԣЬı˥³PȮ³S˦˩ɑŊԣɒÍήˀА ȫŭРğ³PΐŭРğ³SϷҿD ǚ¾ƕ¢Ōƕ&ǸŨǪë ǃǃƥ" "ƞljGƾîɵυŭH ̀υHӾӗͮ͡ƝÎmтǵԣϤҙΠӜ˩ʫƥԣҞ˩Vʫƥɵ м˸VƌтǵϾԣЬijωͺ̖¢ˀАȫıŮğ³PMРğ³SϷ ӈԭϤЬϷӈɍ«VʫƥϾԣɒҜϵЬϷԣ^ɒ ³Mŭˉ³S mā̈ɵā̛ijÎmЬňD тҮCǥΪɵʆϢυı̀υӾm̕˸Cм˸ϾԣЬˀАȫ MŮğ³PHРŮğ³SϷӈԣ^ʋ̗ЬϷſɄőǃа̕˸C м˸D. ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 19ԡ. Ƹ 5 ÆǺßĤŨǪë ǃǃƥŗūǜg EƋԊNJɺ̾ӗ SŋNJɺɱё϶ʏͣёċԬ DZĪёċё϶̐ HC×υŭ̀υH̘ſυ̘υMΔɺŋNJɺÎԣ̏ƻ˲Ӹ ͋F εƌыƺΐȭ˃İȓ³PD υϭ C̏ƻ˲ӸεƺHΐȭ˃İȓ³PmȕǷԣijǝИ˲S˃įŭ ̾ӗёы İňϋƵħm˦ʯҙԍӸε˫ҤјȕǷ̏ƻ˲Ӹεΐňm υŭį̀ ϾD MC̏ƻ˲ӸεƺHŮȭ˃İȓ³Pm͠Ӑƃ̏ȘD ƭC×υŭ̀υH̘υHΔɺŋNJɺſυΔmӫˣLJÎԣ ЕАҵňm̏ƻ˲Ӹεƺΐȭ˃İȓ³PϾD CØȿόʁбтŒɱё϶mͯŎDZĪ́ɵϩɠˋӛ̓ӒD œӾNJɺm̏ƻ˲Ӹεԣƺȿόͮ³Ĵ˦HȎ˒³Pӗ͜˒ʯm ͫǑCȭ˒ìʉӖӏmӗ͜Ӎμφӗ͜ёċſƋј̏Șӗ̍͜қ m̏ƻ˲ŬŗԣZӗ͜ёċĴHȎ˒³PmәͥɡϾԣǏȿCʫ ȿɵѬ˜җҵňɒňŎыψD EƋԊNJɺ̾ӗ υŭį̀υHӾυH̘Ўυƭ̘ʏͣёċԣØSŋтǵё϶Ԭ DZĪёċё϶̐ HC̥Ș̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥ΐȭ˃İȓħԣ³ӗͣǑŬŗD¾ɶӝC ͋F ӲɇӝC̙ȼCӫˣLJφNJɺхΜȨԣſȡȺφԊ½ȿόͮԣ 18.
(39) υMρƴħǗΖӖӗ̵ͣт. υMϭ ijǝИ˲ԙȶƺİȓ³PԣZǝИ˲ſǷħͫӸ³ЀͦH ̾ӗDZĪёċ ϛ˯ʾкñϾԣVƺ̝ӜD υƭρ CƻSȿόͮmƻSҙң̥Mΐȭ˃İȓɱ³ӗͣǑŬŗD ̾ӗʜʵPmɚ MCØυH̘Cυ̘ŬŗԠ³Sδ͞ӗͣŬŗԡmϋƵħԣ¶ пёċ HÁ϶Ўʏͣƃm̬ȭ҂ӮƺMŭİȓ³Sԣʏͣƃё˄ǝ υMϊ И˲ɵijS˃įŭİňϋƵħԣӞΕʒӸƒɸǗԣɱБʏͣ ʏͣёċ ԍωҜʒD¾ʏͣƃёƺǝИ˲S˃ԣӗͣǑSƾԙȶ˫Ҥ υHΐįŭį̀ įŭİň˒ԣʏͣƃɱёƺјӗͣǑmSƾԙȶħD ƭCʏͣёċmʏͣƃCԍωſij¯БͣʒшҵňɱÎVͦ ˯ʾD Cʏͣԍωѳκӗ͜Ŭŗ˒ԣɱƺѳκЬёӗ͜ӓӍԭјԍω БѳκҵÁƌɳm̍қɱĴɺѳκ̍қmӗ͜˒ʯԭij҃̏ Șё϶˒ԣοωɱ϶˄ӗ͜ŬŗmωңӒD¾ё϶mԍωĴ ӗ͜ɡЈ^ϤeǟjὠӖȁ˺њƈԣјԍωБѳκҵÁƌ ɳm̍қĴɺѳκ̍қmӗ͜˒ʯϾԣVƺ̝ӜD ıCʏͣƃёɽşӐӖк϶ſʑ͉ƩҜşЍşӐӖк϶ԭ³јφ к϶ɵҧӣʤËӐӖк϶ӐƤԣȭ˒ìʉӖӏͱɬԣӐƃТ ͬm̍қɱVƂӐƤ˒ɺ̪̼mɇӻϿӖӏDɽşӐӖк ϶ɽʤËҵňɱё˄҂Ӯ̏ƻ˲Ӹįŭİň³PHΐŭ İň³SmͫӸԣк϶˄ǝИ˲˒ԣɱёʤËƾӇɵƾ˿ƺ ҂Ӯ̏ƻ˲HΐįŭİňmÁ϶ԣ^̐ΫώˎmʤË˃ɀD JCʏͣƃmӐƃӸεƺӗͣŬŗӸεmΐňm³PԣZ³Ѝ ͢˃ɀΕʒʏЎɸǗDʏͣƃ̵͠³Ѝ͢˃ɀΕʒʏЎɸǗ ˒ԣɱёʏͣ̓D įCʏͣ̓ɱӧ¶HʏͣƃmӐƤϿşËDʏͣ̓mʏͣҽƺ̥ ňӋHΐŭο˃İȓ³PԭZƺHӗͣŬŗ˒ԣƺјӗͣ ŬŗӸε̥ȭ˃İȓ̥ňӋHο˃İȓ³PԭƺŬ³Pm ӗͣŬŗ˒ԣƺˢǜӗͣŬŗӸε̥ȭ˃İȓ̥ňӋο˃ İȓ³PD¾ƻSȿόͮmƻSҙңԣijϳʏͣҽɱƺ̥ň Ӌıΐο˃İȓ³PD uCҜʒϩɠӲ͊ԣij×ӲǺҽɱ×ij˦ʯşËMŭňӋ³PD ŭCʏͣƃΕʒӸƒɸǗZȩ˒ӐƤϾԣɒVƂυı̘ſœ̘m ӜőD œӾmӗͣǑԣʊ³Vͦ˯ʾȿқԣЍǝИ˲Sƾŭ İň³PmƾǑɵĴ˦Əφ³Pә̛̼ͣş̍қϾD¾ƻS ȿόͮmƻSҙңԣӗͣǑɱЍǝИ˲Sƾįŭİň³PD ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 1ԡ. 19.
(40) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ƕMƗ. ÕãǪųťaşǏ. аʏ̵ͣ²ԣáŽϽˉ˭̾ӗ̵˅а²C̾ӗ̵˅атŒħǺőъԣϿeƴ ǜӠ[20]Əԣij̵̀ħ̀jпá³ʏͣ͞˶̍DϿƺ̚Ϲ̵ϖeԣ³Ϲƴ NFPA 204[21]тϋʏͣҵňˢ͞ĴԘDPҔ̵²ԣ˦Ӗʏͣёċёы̵²̦҈ɧ̳ԣǤе 6 ɺΫD Ƹ 6 ĦųǃǃǁťaşǏĚţƸ ƴŎ Ɖ͚ ̵²łЬ ƋԊNJɺ̾ӗ DZĪёċё϶ ̐͋. ȕǷӴё ʏͣтǵ. ӗͣƾǑ ́ȶтǵ ӗͣŬŗ Ӹεтǵ Ѝ͢ʏͣ Ӹεтǵ Ѝ͢ʏͣ Ӑƃтǵ. eƴ ˉ˭ ȿόёыӗ͜ ȿόdž̵͋C тϋ ȿόdž̵͋˅ а²C̾ӗ̵ ˅а²C̾ӗ ̵˅атŒ. G³PD. 2 ³P. 2 C 2. ɵ 2 ƻS ̏ԙȶ
(41) 2 ³ Ƿ³P Pԣ G³ PD ɵ ,2ƻ ,2 ³P ɵ ,2ƻ Sȿόͮ³ Sȿόͮ³ P P. ̥ 2 ɵ
(42) ̥ 2 ³S ̥ 2 ɵ
(43) 2 ƻSȿό 2 ƻSȿό ͮ³S ͮ³S ӗͣŬŗӸε јNJɺȿόӸ ӗͣŬŗӸε m ³P εΑ ԯԟD m ³P ͠ ͠ ͠. Ϲƴ " . ͠. ǝИ˲ԙȶ
(44) ³ P ͠D³Ӓ҂ӮɱV Ȏ˄ǝИ˲ԙȶ Ȏ˄ 2d2ԣ(dԬͣȘ ёыԙȶ) 1. Ȋ˄ӌȃ̦ǜ ˄ 2 Αʏͣƃԣij ȃȶVƈѾҢёы ΑͣӵȘԙȶD 2.Ӓ҂ӴȎ˄φ ˄ 4 öǝ H 3.̬ȭ҂ӮVѾ Ң 2.8 ö H (HԬǝИ˲ԙȶ). mv=̼ҢҙԍƃΑѺҽ̼ (kg/s) Cdԣv =ҙԍƃ̼ҽáʻ. 20.
(45) υMρƴħǗΖӖӗ̵ͣт. Av =ҙԍӸε (m2) 9o =ƚҩΑǼȶ(kg/m3) g =ҼřŜҚȶ (9.81 m/s2) d =ͣȘ́ȶ (İȓ) To =ƚҩΑ͍ȶ (K) T =ͣȘΑ͍ȶ (K) Cdԣi =Ħƃ̼ҽáʻ Ai =ĦƃӸε(m2). ̓̃ʏͣ ʏͣҽ ,22 тǵ ³PԭZƺH ӗͣŬŗ˒ԣ ̥ȭ˃İȓ. ,22 ³Pԭƺ Ŭ³Pԣˢ ǜӗͣŬŗӸ ε̥ȭ˃İȓ ,22 ³PD¾ ƻSȿόͮm ƻSҙңԣij ϳʏͣҽɱƺ ,22 ³PD. ʏͣҽVɱȎ ˄HóӗͣŬ ŗ̥ȭ˃İȓ. ,22Cóſ ³PӗͣŬŗ ̥ȭ˃İȓ ,22ԣԍ̓ʏ ͣҽVɱȎ˄ ,22D. ʏͣƃԍ ͠ Қтǵ. 25 ³S. й̪тǵ ͠. ԍҽVǶȎ˄ ʏͣҽΑ ԣZԍҚ 25 ³S. ʏͣ̓ԍҽˢ ƏP Ȏ͞
(46) ,22ԣ ƺŬ³Pm ӗͣŬŗ˒ ,22DZτ ƌӗͣŬŗm ̏ƻ˲Ӹε̥ ȭ˃İȓ˦. ,22 mԍҽ К͞ ӗͣŬ ŗ³PԣŒij ԍҽԀҤˢǜ Ŭŗԍҽm ö³PD. 25 ³S V max=ˢǜԘε̼Ͷƺ TS ˒ (cms)D 8ʏ̪Á϶Ưǫ d =ͣȘΆȶƺʏͣƃΑ ˢÃԞmS(m) TS =ͣȘΑϢȊ͍ȶ(K) TO=ƚҩΑϢȊ͍ȶ(K). ͠. ϳҝ̪ӸεɚԀτ ƌёыΔΑſʯЈ. ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. ˉ˭ӀȊӣӒͫŬŗħƋȕǷу͞ƏHӗͣŬŗmњǵԣƅ³ːƜ 46 Ȯ 12 ˥ 4 ˉÈʊυ 905 Ячһ[22]ҐͺԣʝпѝˍǤɍԬ HC˦Ӗ 2 ȕǷmӣӒͫP˃͞˦ʯʏͣӐƃ˒ԣŻŒPƈуƏ͞ƏHӗͣŬǂD ¾ˑԣE˦ʯʏͣƃFԀτƌSŋm̀µD (H) ӣӒͫmP˃ɓǝИ˲ӸƒS 50cm ̛͞Ԁ͞˘ҙ͠әmӐƃD 21.
(47) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. () ˦ʯʏͣӐƃӸεɚԀǜ˄јȕǷ̏ƻ˲Ӹεm 1/50D. × 10 ĶłǪų°©ƹDžĸƍě× ȁNJĴ{ŪȄ¹ƨNJĴ 22Ȃ чѝ: HCӣӒͫŬŗmƋȕǷԣǤɓǝИ˲ӸƒS 50cm ̛͞Ьԣ͞˦ʯʏͣӐƃ˒ԣƈ уƏ͞ƏHӗͣŬǂD Cу͞EƏHȕǷF³ȕǷ̛͞ԣҜϵMȕǷ˒ŒVҨD. 22.
(48) υƭρӲЊʻû̑ʦБ FDS αɀѝˍ. ƕÏƔ dzƮIJŘīƲ FDS ƏĐDžĸ ƕ&Ɨ. dzƮIJŘīĵť. ƺ̼ԘşřΑыψeԣ̭чϙ̼˃ɀe˦ԬΕʒʻû̑ʦ̵ԠDirect Numerical SimulationԣDNSԡCȭƽŪϙ̼̑ɀ̵ԠReynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation modellingԣRANSԡſǜ͈̼̑ʦԠLarge Eddy SimulationԣLESԡD HCΕʒʻû̑ʦ̵ԠDirect Numerical SimulationԣDNSԡ Εʒʻû̑ʦ̵ԠDNSԡˑΕʒ̭чԙƈðȶΑ Navier-Stokes ˃αɀԣ^Ӷ³ Ғ½чÑ̑ʦϙ̼ԣŷҁǛȎΑϧ˼̀Чʺó̼NJԣƆÎ̼ԘԘşϔ͐áʻ ԠDynamic ViscosityԡԣϿVζÉüёɵ̑ɀϖʻÑӏƌϙ̼̑ɀԣϿ³ԙӢȣ ňΑʻû˃̵ԣΕʒ̭чҜϵ˃αɀſ Navier-Stokes ˃αɀD̵̝ɚԀыψ̼NJħ mɺ˦ΑǜȎˇ͈şɬѬŪԣ͢Ͽ͞Ƙłɺ˦Α͈̼ԣˢǜɱǜŐұΆȓȅԣ ˢȎɱȎŐ̾ʸҠşԣijɺӴΑ˼Ԟч˳ȶɚԀϕϟŐģ̨ȓȶ ԠKolmogorov micro-scaleԡԣ³ӱѣʻ͞ 106 ΑMϦȭ˲ұΆȘ̼NJ͞ÕԣϘӴ 5×107 Α˼ԞʻԣКȊHȀӥȿόͮ̀µԠӱѣʻϘ͞ 106ԡŜ³ыψԣŒɺӴΑ˼ԞʻȈ Ҥ 5×1013ԭĹϾԣыψ˒ӒӒӣɚԀȎŐɒ³ч˳ˢɝҚΑѬşҽԣǤ̝ҧҧѾҢ ¥ѾϛӲЊΑҠψǺҽDΔœ̵̝ĒҨ˄ÃӱѣʻCώƦΑұΆ̀µΑ̼NJԣ ^VҨȀӥΑȡαƢԆDƯ̝ԣ³ DNS mыψ˃̵Ȁӥɱ˄̑͜͝ʦΥθ҈͞ ƲӯD CȭƽŪϙ̼̑ɀ̵ԠReynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation modellingԣRANSԡ ȭƽŪϙ̼̑ɀ̵ԠRANSԡԣȈ̼NJħmǜȎ͈̼ɵӧ˒ӒѬŪmϙ̼ԣ³ͯ ǵmϙ̼̑ɀ̼NJΑφʯϔáʻԠEffective Viscosityԡԣʥ³̭Ɓ̼NJm Navier-Stokes ˃αɀȭƽûчԣ̝γыψ˃ɀǠżΞчƯϙ̼Ͽmij¯Ҽп ͯɡԣZƯͯǵϙ̼̑ɀБ̼NJȯÉ̀µΖӖԣƯ̝ыψ˃ɀVĴ̶ɡDϿZ͜ ͝˒̼ͣşѰˑΝɥРѬΑԣŏ˒Ӓȭƽ͞džΩΑ RANS ҙȩ̵͠ϕΨΑ ԁ͉мӭͥčБ͈̼ΑȗD. 23.
(49) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. MCǜ͈̼̑ʦԠLarge Eddy SimulationԣLESԡ ǜ͈̼̑ʦԠLESԡˑ Deardorff Ԡ1970ԡʖłԣá¨˄ DNS ſȭƽŪϙ̼ ̑ɀ̵mҠψ˃ɀD¯ȿѩ̑ʦϙ̼̼NJ˒ƈ³ƺԅͶǂԠFrequency domainԡɵ˒ ӒǂԠTime domainԡeԣĒыψǜ˄ϧ˼ȓȅԠGrid Scaleԡm͈̼ԣȈȎ˄ϧ˼ȓ ȅmˇ͈ɵϙ̼³̗ϧ˼̑ɀԠSub-grid Scale Modelԣ SGS modelԡеΫmԣÞƈ̭ ɒ̼NJeΑj̼Ɯ҈ǜΑ͈̼ԣΕʒыψ̼NJ˙ɬѬŪԣ̪Ѱԁ͉ȩҘγ˃̵ҝ аǝ̪̑ʦD Ϥ LES ̑ɀыψԣƈƁɒɺӴm̼NJѬŪьɥſ̯͂ԠChaosԡԣZыψϡ˵ x҈Vʱɫ˄̗ϧ˼ϙ̼̑ɀáʻmёǵԣƯ̝Îɒыψϡ˵mƈðȶǜ͞ʖůD FDS ħǵʐ LES ̑ɀԣijΖӖmȀԖԖѧD͞Ķԋ˒ʯБƈðȶԣ˭̑ʦmҠψ ˃ɀʐ LES ̑ɀҝа̑ʦD. 24.
(50) υƭρӲЊʻû̑ʦБ FDS αɀѝˍ. ƕMƗ. dzƮIJŘī°©. ³ӲЊʻû̑ʦΥθ͜͝jпƈň͞Ĭγ˃ɀԣHЖƈŬň͞Ŭǂ̑ɀԠZone modelԡБNJ̑ɀԠField modelԡĬγD HCŬǂ̑ɀԠZone modelԡ ɺѤŬǂ̑ɀԣˑȈȿόͮιӒŗňКȬóŬǂԣ̥óŬǂħĹŗňɳͮͺC ŪǮɡѺԠǤԬ͍ȶCͣC͗ȶφԡƽŧΑԙ͍ͣȘБÃ͍ι̪ȘD^ŏЈҽC ѺҽǰɢŻͺԣԁ͉͜͝ΑɳӌCͣΑ̼şԣ³ſ̥óŬǂħΑ͍ȶC͗ȶňȦɧ ɆDŬǂ̑ɀm̭ч˃ɀ͞өɡԠImplicitԡƿɀԣáŏԙ͍ͣȘБÃ͍ι̪Șm ϳǰɢ˃αɀБʻû˃̵ԣ°ĦҌĦ̀µԣғ°̭łԙ͍ͣȘБÃ͍ι̪Șmͮͺ ͯɡDŬǂ̑ɀƆЈԁ͉ȭƽΑNJňȦԣ̝ԊȡĴƽ͞Ș̑ɀD̝ԊΑыψ҆Ԙ ˦ ASETCCFASTCFIRSTԠFire Simulation TechniqueԡCHAZARDCFASTԠFire and Smoke TransportԡCCCFMCASETCCOMPF2CLAVENT… …φD CNJ̑ɀԠField modelԡ NJ̑ɀǤƏыψ̼ԘřǮԠCFDԡmыψ˃ɀԣˑȈȿόͮιӒŗňɳǙóʓ őԘεԠControl VolumeԡԣZŏʻû˃̵ԣȈʕҔ͜͝ѰΑşҽCѺҽſϠɳ ɳ·Cϙ̼ŽʻφӶϫɡýɗň˃αɀӮʸŪɳ°ʻ˃αɀԣ°ĦҌĦ̀µҼмғ °ыψԣ̑ʦιӒeƋʓőԘεԠŷ˼ԞԡmͮͺͯɡDԁ͉͜͝Ңαeԣ̥ ó˼ԞΑҚȶCǓřC͍ȶC͗ȶûDNJ̑ɀ͞өɡƿɀD¾˄ӴпΑüё҈ ȏԣƯ̝Ȋ͜͝ѰԣЈ҈ϟC̜ΨΑʕҔԣϿZЈԁ͉мӭɆͱȿόͮħͣΑ ̼şԭƈɱƺԁ͉Ư͞ԙ͍ɺɁѽΑ̼ͣʧʸа͞ԣƏ˒xƈҝаȊ˄ͣȘ͍ȶ ſ͗ȶΑыψԁ͉DΔœʐNJ̑ɀƈɳŚƻ̑ʦǷħͥ͊ԣȈǷħι̪Ŝͥmα ȶԣſ̼ͣ˃ƒCǜȎD ¾NJ̑ɀ«̵͠³Ѝ͢Ȋ̼Α˃ɀԣ̑ʦƂͥι̪ɺɁѽΑͥȊ̼ʯɱԣƅǗ NJ̑ɀ^̰˦эѡ͜͡ȽͨΑѰԣ̵͠ȈͦͨҢαΚȀΑdzĪ̑ʦԣŒ͞˦ɋλ ΦmЬDʐNJ̑ɀ̑ʦԣɺӴΑыψ˒ӒӌԣZпԙӢΑȡËɵӲЊ˃ЈǃаD ̝ԊΑыψ҆Ԙ˦ FDSCSTAR-CDCFLUENTCPHOENICSCCFX4CFLOW3D…φD 25.
(51) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ƕ+Ɨ. FDS ƏĐDžĸ. ˭ΥθɺʐmȡĴ͞Ϲƴƴǹ̐͋ȔБʁбΥθӝԠNISTԣ National Institute of Standards and TechnologyԡȿόБ͜͝ΥθȀԖǷԠBuilding and Fire Research LaboratoryԡɺӐΑ FDSԠFire Dynamics Simulatorԡ̑͜͝ʦ҆Ԙ[23ԣ24]Dј҆ Ԙ˄ 2000 Ȯ 2 ˥аԣƈƺ Windows/OS X Lion ɵ Linux ;ǎSÎԣijjпŚЈ ˑÑ̑ʦ͜͝Ѱԣ̭ч͍ȶCҚȶCǓřφŽʻNJ³чƋγɧ̳S̼ͣΑʧ ʸͱɬDNIST ʉϵȊ FDS αɀҝаͭ˭˜ˀԣΔœˢˀͭ˭͞ 2010 Ȯ 11 ˥а 5.5.3 ͭD ј҆ԘӞ˦ӀȊ͜͝ёыΑœɍЬͺȡĴmǗԣȐ˦ij¯҆Ԙɺ̰˦Αʞ̬ Ԅ̑ɀDϿɍЬͺΑȡĴ͞ Smoke view[25ԣ26]ԣƈȊ͍ȶNJC͗ȶNJφ̑ʦϡ˵Ë 2DC3D ΑşΉȗΫDNIST ʉϵȊ Smoke view αɀҝаͭ˭˜ˀԣΔœˢˀͭ˭͞ 2010 Ȯ 11 ˥а 5.6 ͭD ƶ 11 ͞ FDS ̑ʦαɀБ Smokeview αɀ˶̍ƶ[25]ԣ³ʽǬ̔ȿοҌĦԣƺ FDS αɀSǃа̭чԣϿҌłmϡ˵ԣØҌłҬӾԣňŎȿοӚ̔Ɛ͞ smvCbfCs3dC partCsfCisoCq φDϿ³ Smokeview αɀ͞ɍЬͺmΆӸԣԌΫыψϡ˵mŔӸC φûňȦCͣnjňȦφƶɆԣϿ³ JPG ̔ҌłƶɆD. 26.
(52) υƭρӲЊʻû̑ʦБ FDS αɀѝˍ. × 11. FDS ŘīƏĐƲ Smokeview ƏĐňŕ×[19] ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 25ԡ. 27.
(53) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ƕÏƗ. FDS ƝĖĵƏĐ. FDS ɱΑϋƵ͞ÃԓѻʻΑ̼NJň˳ԣƈň˳Б͜͝ΖӖm͍ȶNJCҚȶNJC ͗ȶNJ̑ʦыψԣFDS ʖ×mͮͺ̑ɀɱǤSԬ HCǷħſǜ̪emƋγ͜͝ƢԆD CȿόͮmʏͣϖϣCʞ̬Ԅϖϣm̑ʦD MCӶǓϲ̼Ԙm͍ȶNJCҚȶNJC͗ȶNJmыψD FDS αɀ˃αɀԠ4.1ԡЎԠ4.4ԡЃο̭чыψŬǂΑҚȶC͍ȶCǼȶБǓ řφŽʻԣƺʻûыψ˃̵PԣȊιӒȷ̐ΑɗňӾʐӢeǟȣň̵ԣ˒ӒΑ ɗňӾŒ³ԌɡӢ Runge-Kutta ̵ӮʸԣЎ˄ Poisson ˃αɀɆɀΑϳǓřɗň˃ αɀԣŒŏɝҚĈŏТҏʘ̵ԠFast Fourier Transformԡ̭чD FDS ̑͜͝ʦ҆Ԙԣˑ³ʻû˃̵̭чʓő˃αɀԣũʈ̑ʦͣnj̼şБͥҽ čҦΑʻǮ̑ɀDҘʓő˃αɀdž˭Pˑ Navier-Stokes ˃αɀʔȋϿÑԣˑȚ ˄τƌǰɢǰŒΑ˃αɀԣũʈτƌѺҽǰɢΑѺҽ˃αɀCşҽǰɢΑşҽ˃α ɀ³ſЈҽǰɢΑЈҽ˃αɀφφԣij˃αɀ[18]ǤSԬ. Ԡ1ԡҜϵ˃αɀԠConservation of Massԡ. u 0 t. Ԡ4.1ԡ. Ԡ2ԡşҽ˃αɀԠConservation of Momentumԡ u u u p g f t .
(54). Ԡ4.2ԡ. Ԡ3ԡЈҽ˃αɀԠConservation of Energyԡ h hu Dp q q r kT hl D l Yl Ԡ4.3ԡ t Dt l. 28.
(55) υƭρӲЊʻû̑ʦБ FDS αɀѝˍ. Ԡ4ԡŪǮγ˃αɀԠConservation of Speciesԡ. Yl Yl u D l Yl W l t. Pɀe. Ԭ̼ԘǼȶԣԠkg/m3ԡ t Ԭ˒ӒԣԠsԡ uԬ̼ԘҚȶԣԠm/sԡ. p Ԭ̼ԘǓřԣԠkg/cm2ԡ gԬҼřƒҽԣԠm/s2ԡ fԬǗřƒҽԠҼřƒҽӞǗԡԣԠkg/s2/mԡ. ԬԝɡɱřɃҽԣԠkg/s2/mԡ hԬ̼Ԙͥ͟ԣԠkJԡ q ԬƦÁԘεħΑͥһʬͶԣԠkW/m3ԡ. qrԬҍȇͥҙͶƒҽԣԠkW/m2ԡ. k Ԭ̼ԘͥȋȶԣԠW/m/Kԡ T Ԭ̼Ԙ͍ȶԣԠKԡ lԬŪǮγ lԣԠ-ԡ. hl ԬŪǮγ l Α̼Ԙͥ͟ԣԠkJԡ DԬʧʸáʻԣԠm2/sԡ. Yl ԬŪǮγ l ΑѺҽňͶԣԠ-ԡ W l ԬƦÁԘεħŪǮγ l ΑͶԣԠ-ԡ. 29. Ԡ4.4ԡ.
(56) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ƕNƗ. ŘīƋǩğſžLJ¼¹IJ. HCͣɳͶБͥһʬͶmӖá ɓ ZukoskiCHeskestadCMcCaffrey φɺʖłm͜ϻ̼ȀԖİɀɒΠͣɳͶБ ͥһʬͶɳHǵΑ̦ÕӖáD ³ Zukoski ͜ϻ̼Ѻҽ̼ͶȀԖİɀ͞Õԣij˃αɀǤSԬ. ̇. = 0.21(. ). ̇ ∙. Ԡ4.5ԡ. Pɀe ̇ Ԭ͜ϻ̼mѺҽ̼Ͷ ̇ ԬͥһʬͶ ԬƚƵι̪mǼȶ ԬҼřŜҚȶ ԬƚƵι̪mǵǓ̦ͥ Ԭ ƚƵι̪m͍ȶ Ԭ͜͡ԙȶ. ƺ˭ΥθeԣϤ FDS ̑ʦϡ˵ǵɡʑэƋƦHӾΔ˒ԣ˄̦Ȋň˳œԣȈĢ ҝаͥһʬͶ̦ȊԣЪ³Ξч̑ʦҢαeͣ͜ɳҀŤſѬŪɧ̳D. CͣȘԙȶБͣȘ͍ȶ " ӚӅ ) *ʖłͣȘǵϺǤƶ ɺΫԣ^ѝˍ ̑ʦmͣȘԙȶԣ ɒ³ҽ͉ͣȘ͍ȶѹʾԣϤϫɡħȣ˃ɀōˁͣȘΆӸԙȶԣij˃αɀǤSԬ. Tn = CnԠTmax – Tbԡ+ Tb 30. Ԡ4.6ԡ.
(57) υƭρӲЊʻû̑ʦБ FDS αɀѝˍ. Pɀe TnԬͣȘԙȶm͍ȶ TmaxԬͣȘˢԙ͍ȶ TbԬǷħ͍ȶ CnԬħʗȩʻ (first indication of smoke - 0.1 Ў 0.2) (smoke layer interface - 0.8 Ў 0.9). × 12. NFPA 92B ųþ¤nƍě×. ԠѹʾÑ͊ԬŽϽѹʾ 27ԡ. FDS ʖ×ǵϺͣȘΆӸԙȶΑ˃̵ԣij˃αɀǤSԬ. ( −. ). +. =∫. ( −. ). +. =∫. =. (. ). ( ). ( ). =. =. 4.7. 31.
(58) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. Pɀe ԬͣȘ͍ȶԠȭƽͣȘ͍ȶԡ ԬǷħ͍ȶ ԬͣȘԙȶ. Ͽ ƈ³S˃αɀʹɒ. ( −. ). =∫. ( ). Ԡ4.8ԡ. PҔ˃αɀԣҏʘ̑͞ʦŽʻɍԣijʟȂ˃̵ǤSԬ &DEVC XB=>ԣԣԣԣԣԣ>ԣ QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT'ԣ ID='whatever' / Ϥ̝H˃̵ԣƈΕʒʹɒƺ˷H͉ҽȷ̐mͣȘԙȶCͣȘˢԙ͍ȶCͣȘˢÃ ͍ȶmѬŪͶԣ³̦ȊͣȘSӛԙȶſ͍ȶѬŪmɧ̳D. MC2%˦ʯӐƃ̼Ͷҽ͉ HЖʏͣƃ̼Ͷԣƈҽ͉ԍҚſʏͣƃӸεԣ³Ҝϵ˃αɀыψijʏͣҽD ϿʏͣҽΑǜȎԣŷ͞є»ʏͣƃɡЈˢҼпmŽʻmHDFDS ƺαɀPʖ×˦ ʯΑѺҽ̼ͶCԘε̼ͶCͥҙҽҽ͉ſѐӅΑ˃̵ԣΖӖŽʻʟȂ˃ɀňŎǤSԬ. &DEVC ID='whatever'ԣ QUANTITY='MASS FLOW'ԣ XB=>ԣԣԣԣԣԣ>/ &DEVC ID='whatever'ԣ QUANTITY='VOLUME FLOW'ԣ XB=>ԣԣԣԣԣԣ>/ &DEVC ID='whatever'ԣ QUANTITY='HEAT FLOW'ԣ XB=>ԣԣԣԣԣԣ>/. Ϥ̝H˃̵ԣƈΕʒʹɒ 2%˦ʯӐƃmѺҽ̼ͶCԘε̼ͶCͥҙҽφƺ˷H͉ ҽȷ̐mѬŪͶԣijϡ˵ƈ³̦ȊijʏͣҽǜȎſȊͣȘԙȶѬŪmɇӻD. 32.
(59) υρ˽ÕΥθ. ƕNƔ ƕ&Ɨ. ŋƌƑ. õDzǃƥŋǛî. ϤύҬƈʹɒmƴħȀӥʏͣёċё϶˽ÕԣɓƋ˽Żǧёыɧ̳ԣҬʡ҈Ĵ °еɡmĵƿʏͣёыԣZҨƌ˭˽ΥθΔΑmMóȿόͮ˽Õԣÿ͞˭Υθ˽dž Ω̑ƿԣ³ȗɍϵ̑ʦыŗDijт̑ſёċ̕эɧ̳ňҔǤɍԬ HC˽ÕHԬ ƉūȥðϺ҄˷Ґİǜ̏ 11 ̏ҐİǷԠȿόͮǤƶ 13CȭӸƶǤƶ 14ԡ. ßĤőǒȄ Ȅ ȁƦǎȂ ßĤrƥ . ǶƐȄ . ĦųƚƝȄ. Ħųř! řŏĦųÃ. ĽİǦÃ. × 13 ŋ&ďƘŸãǀ ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. 33.
(60) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. (H) ȿόϡ̍ԬRC ̍қ () ʏͣŬŗӸεԬ157.7 ȭ˃İȓD (M) ħҵ̍қԬ³ΣҺӁ˲Ŭŗ͞HóǜιӒſMóȎȕǷ×óŎҐİǷÎD (ƭ) ̵т̕эԬ ԦCŻØƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё϶̐͋υ 28 ̀υ̘тǵ̕эԣ͞ɱёʏͣNJ ɺD ԧCкñɍØ̈jɪсԣì·Ż˦ʏͣёыԣʮˀǏιӒØё϶̐͋υ 188 ̀тǵ ſ 86 ȮȎȕǷчһ²ҝаʏͣёыD () Ø̵ё϶mʏͣёċԬ ԦCǝИ˲ƿ̓̃ʏͣƃ x 1DԠǜȕǷԡ ԧC2%˦ʯӐƃ x 3DԠȎȕǷƋHƃԡ ԨC200cmm ̼҇ɀʏͣ̓ x 1DԠˈёԡ Ħųř. Ǫų°©. 200CMM. řŏĦųÃ. åǤÃ. 2%Ľ ĽİǦÃ. × 14 ŋ&ĄǶ× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ 34.
(61) υρ˽ÕΥθ. C˽ÕԬ Ɖūȥų ˱҄˷Ґİǜ̏ 14 ̏ҐİǷԠȿόͮǤƶ 15CȭӸƶǤƶ 16ԡ. ßĤőǒȄ Ȅ ȁ¶RńǎȂ ßĤrƥ
(62) . ǶƐȄ . ĦųƚƝȄ
(63) Ħųř! řŏĦųÃ. ĽİǦÃ. × 15 ŋMďƘŸãǀ ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. (H) ȿόϡ̍ԬRC ̍қ () ʏͣŬŗӸεԬ387 ȭ˃İȓ (M) ħҵ̍қԬŻǧιӒ͞HͲοŬŗNJɺԣijɍƯҗѬ˜ԣǷħ³ΣҺӁ˲к ñŬŗ͞HóǜιӒſJóȎȕǷԣijeMó͞ĤёʏͣŬŗԣƭóȎȕǷ×óŎ ҐİǷÎD (ƭ) ̵т̕эԬ ԦC˭NJɺȚƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё϶̐͋υ 28 ̀υM̘тǵmɱёʏͣNJɺD ԧC˭˽ϤǷħкñɍԣˀǏιӒØё϶̐͋υ 188 ̀тǵſ 86 ȮȎȕǷчһ² 35.
(64) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ҝаʏͣёыD () Ø̵ё϶mʏͣёċԬ ԦCąǑƿ̓̃ʏͣƃ x1DԠǜȕǷԡ ԧC2%˦ʯӐƃ x4DԠȎȕǷƋHƃԡ ԨC450cmm ̼҇ɀʏͣ̓ x1DԠˈёԡ. Ħųřȁ ȁRFȂ Ȃ 450cmm Ǫų°©. åǤÃ. áÛĦųǨǤ. Ǥ. 2%Ľ ĽİǦÃ. 2%Ľ ĽİǦÃ. × 16 ŋMĄǶ× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. 36.
(65) υρ˽ÕΥθ. MC˽ÕMԬ ƉūȥĂȹ҄˷Ґİǜ̏ 7 ̏ҐİǷԠȿόͮǤƶ 17CȭӸƶǤƶ 18ԡ. ßĤőǒȄ Ȅ ȁČǎȂ ßĤrƥ. ǶƐȄ . ĦųƚƝȄ Ħųř! řŏĦųÃ. ĽİǦÃ. × 17 ŋ+ďƘŸãǀ ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. (H) ȿόϡ̍ԬRC ̍қ () ʏͣŬŗӸεԬ282 ȭ˃İȓ (M) ħҵ̍қԬŻǧιӒ͞HͲοŬŗNJɺԣijɍƯҗѬ˜ԣǷħ³ΣҺӁ˲к ñŬŗóͲοιӒԠȎȕǷԡԣijeƭóȎȕǷ×óŎҐİǷÎD (ƭ) ̵т̕эԬ ԦC˭NJɺȚƋԊNJɺ̾ӗDZĪёċё϶̐͋υ 28 ̀υM̘тǵmɱёʏͣNJɺD ԧC˭˽ϤǷħкñɍԣˀǏιӒØё϶̐͋υ 188 ̀тǵſ 86 ȮȎȕǷчһ²ҝ аʏͣёыD 37.
(66) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. () Ø̵ё϶mʏͣёċԬ ԦCǝИ˲ƿ̓̃ʏͣƃ x3DԠǜȕǷ x 1CȎȕǷ x 2ԡ ԧC2%˦ʯӐƃ X 2DԠȎȕǷ x 2ԡ ԨC350cmm ̼҇ɀʏͣ̓ x1DԠˈёԡ. Ħųř. 350CMM. Ǫų°©. 2%Ľ ĽİǦÃ. řŏĦųÃ. ǪųÙá ȁǞĨÅ&°©Ȃ Ȃ. × 18 ŋ+ĄǶ× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. 38.
(67) υρ˽ÕΥθ. ƕMƗ. Ăƃę¤ņ. HC˽ÕHԬ ˭˽Õё϶˦̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃԣǜȕǷ³ǝИ˲ƿʏͣƃё϶ԣij̀ µБ˭Υθ˽dž˭üё̀µΖτԣɒÿ͞dž˭˽ÕmΥθԣτƌ˭Υθ˽ɺӴӴ ̭D C˽ÕԬ ˭˽Õё϶˦̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃԣijǜȕǷʏͣƃ͞ąǑƿ̓̃ʏͣƃԣ ƺƿɀPБ˽ÕH˦ɺŬňԣτƌ˭Υθ˽ɺӴӴ̭D MC˽ÕMԬ ˭˽Õё϶˦̓̃ʏͣƃſ 2%˦ʯӐƃԣƅǏŜБΖҷŬŗӒ³ӗͣƾǑŬӣԣ ſȎȕǷʏͣƃƏ˒ӐƤm̀µԣτƌ˭Υθ˽ɺӴӴ̭D. 39.
(68) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. 40.
(69) υıρ̑ʦɧ̳ſϡ˵ň˳. ƕ¢Ɣ. ŘīĚţ¼ƜҤņ. ƕ&Ɨ. ŊȀ¤ņ. 6.1 ŊȀ¤ņDžĸ 6.1.1 ŊȀǛî ³ʻûыψ˃̵ҝа̑ʦň˳˒ԣԀʑэ̑ƿmȓȅȊʻûыψmɇӻԣŷ ͞˼Ԟň˳DijŻͺˑĒʫѬ̑ƿeԣ́ȶˢǜŬǂԠŷ͊͜ԡӚҒm˼ԞǜȎԣ Ͽij¯̑ʦ̀µɱìʉΖƏԣ̦҈ΖƏÁ϶mͯǵŽʻыψϡ˵ȣΊԣ³ɒΠ˼Ԟ ϕȶȊʻûыψʪʼͱ̳mɇӻԣƺБij̑ʦ˒Ӓ̦҈Ҭʡќȣ҈ȎZЁѷ˒Ӓ҈ m˼ԞǜȎԣÿ͞ɍϵ̑ʦmdž͋D ˭̗˼Ԟň˳ԣҬ˽ÕHmȕǷ̑ƿԣȓȅ͞ 15mԠLԡ× 13.5mԠWԡ× 4 m ԠHԡԣijԁŗm͜͝Ƿȓȅ͞ 4.5mԠLԡ7 4 mԠWԡ7 3 mԠHԡԣØʥ͊͜͞ ̱mͥһʬͶԁ»ԣ͜͝ǷˢǜͥһʬͶ͞ 1.6MWDƺ͊͜ӚҒm˼Ԟҹ϶ԣ³ FDS ̑ʦ͜͝Α͗ͣm̼şБͥčƢԆԣыψ̑ƿ˼ԞΑч˳ȶӴҤHǵmȓ ȅԣ˃ƈɒŐʪʼԣ³Ψìыψϡ˵m̜ΨDFDS ³͊͜ӚҒˢȎӌȶȓȶԠlength scaleԡͯ͜͞͝ɘΕɏԠCharacteristic fire diameretԣ D*ԡԣŷ. ∗. =. ̇ ∙. ∙. Ԡ6.1ԡ. ∙√. Pɀe D*Ԭͯ͜͝ɘΕɏԣԠmԡ Q Ԭ͊͜ΑͥһʬͶԣkW ρ∞ԬǗ̪ι̪ǼȶԣԠkg/m3ԡ CpԬǵǓι̪̦ͥԣԠkJ/kg/Kԡ T∞ԬǗΆι̪͍ȶԣԠKԡ gԬҼřŜҚȶԣԠm/s2ԡ 41.
(70) ӗͣŬŗħӣӒӐƃёыȊ̓̃ʏͣʯЈɇӻmΥθ. ŽϽ PIARC ȿѩûԣͥһʬͶ Q = 1.6 MWԣD*͞ 1.15mԣŒ 0.1 D*Ϙ͞ 0.11 mԣ ̝ûƈË͞Ō̞»ы͊͜ӚҒɺӴƌͺm˼ԞȓȅD Ϥ³ 8cmC9cmC10cmC11cmC12cm φ 5 Ϡϧ˼ȓȅԣ³ 10cm x 10cm HRRPUA 1000kW mԞ͊͜ԣƺԞ͜ɍӲЊҝаӶζɬ̑͜͝ʦԣϡ˵³ϧ˼ȓȅ 10cm m ̑ʦϡ˵ԣɒŐˢǜmͥһʬͶſdzʺ͜͝˛ϫԣϤŌ̞Υōԣɍϵ³̝Ϡϧ˼ҝ а͜͝Ƿҵňȿ̑ſ̑ʦԣƈʹɒˢìǰm̑ʦϡ˵D. × 19 ŋ&ŊȀ¤ņƝǁ× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. 6.1.2 ŮůŘī¹IJǃîDžĸ ˭Υθ³Ȁӥ˽Õ̏ȘmӣӒCӣӒӐƃCƈͦͮƽΖƏԣ˭̑ʦɺȿοmҐ İǷԠȕǷԡӣӒɧɆԣǤƶ 20C21 ɺΫD^ȈƋȕǷmǹĴƽ³ΖƏ˯ѺÑϽɮԣ ˭ҐİǷԠȕǷԡ̑ʦ̑ƿmʝпѹʾѝˍԣље 7D. 42.
(71) υıρ̑ʦɧ̳ſϡ˵ň˳. × 20 ŋ&ýðǰǧƍě× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ. $
(72). $ . $ . × 21 ŋ& FDS ŘīƟŊȁmeshȂƍě× ԠѹʾÑ͊Ԭ˭Υθʺͺԡ 43.
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