National Sun Yat-sen University Institutional Repository:Item 987654321/30967

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The noise level plays an important role in sonar efficacy. So we measure the ocean ambient noise during specific periods in KeeLung harbor and TsoYing harbor. There is one investigation for improving the technology of ambient noise measurement, which is the construction of an

autonomous acoustic logger system. It’s possible to increase the accuracy and reduce the resources by using this system. Otherwise, the prediction of ambient noise level is studied by the numerical method, which is Range-dependent Acoustic Modeling (RAM) developed by M. D. Collins in Naval Research Laboratory. RAM is based on parabolic equation that is used to calculate the noise field and get noise levels in several wind speeds.

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6.

[1] R. J. Urick, Ambient Noise in the Sea, 3rd

ed. McGraw-Hill, New York (1993). [2] G. M. Wenz, “Acoustic Ambient Noise in

the Ocean: Spectra and Source,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34(12), pp.1936-1956 (1962). [3] C. L. Piggot, “Ambient Sea Noise at Low

Frequencies in Shallow Water of the

Scotian Shelf,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36(11), pp.2152-2163 (1964).

[4] D. H. Cato, “Ambient Sea Noise in Water

near Australia,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60(2), pp.320-328 (1976).

[5] G. B. Deane, “Long Time-base

Observations of Surf Noise,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107(2), pp.758-770 (2000). [6] W. A. Kuperman and F. Ingenito, “Spatial

Correlation of Surface Generated Noise in 1530 m/s 1500 m/s Q 1700 m/s 1.5 g/cm3 _{0.5 dB/}_λ

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a Stratified Ocean,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67(6), pp.1988-1996 (1980).

[7] W. A. Kuperman and M. C. Ferla, “A

Shallow Water Experiment to Determine the Source Spectrum Level of

Wind-Generated Noise,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77(6), pp.2067-2073 (1985). [8] M. C. Ferla and W. A. Kuperman,

“Wind-Generated Noise in Shallow Water,” Rep. SR-79, SACLANT ASW Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy (1984) [9] J. S. Perkins, W. A. Kuperman, F. Ingenito,

L. T. Fialkowski, and J. Glattetre, “Modeling Ambient Noise in

Three-Dimensional Ocean Environments,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93(2), pp.739-752 (1993).

[10] W. M. Carey and R. A. Wagstaff,

“Low-Frequency Noise Fields,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80(5), pp.1523-1526 (1986). [11] W. M. Carey, R.B. Evans, J. A. Davis, and

G. Botseas, “Deep-Ocean Vertical Noise Directionality,” IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 15(4), pp.324-334 (1990). [12] A. S. Burgess and D. J. Kewley,

“Wind-Generated Surface Noise Source Levels in Deep Water East of Australia,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, pp.201-210 (1983). [13] D. J. Kewley and D. G. Browning, and W.

D. Carey, “Low-Frequency Wind

Generated Ambient Noise Source Levels,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88(4), pp.1894-1902 (1990).

[14] P. Tkalich and E. S. Chan, “Breaking

Wind Waves as a Source of Ambient Noise,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112(2), pp.456-463 (2002). [15] ¨ © ª ¬« ¬ _“$ % & ' l i / O P N > . / _—× Í ” . Ð t₂₀₀₂u, [16] http://web.mit.edu/seagrant/advisory/passi veacoustics/paresearch.html

[17] T. B. Koay, John R. Potter, P. Venugopalan,

and T. E. Teck, “PANDA: Pop-up Ambient Noise Data Acquisition System, A Rapidly Deployable, Self-Recovering Shallow Water Acquisition Platform,” Sea

Technology, 44(2) Feb, pp.49-53. (2003). [18] D. E. Hollinberger and D. W. Bruder,

“Ambient Noise Data Logger Buoy,” IEEE Journal of Ocean Engineering, 15(4), pp.286-291 (1990). [19] ® ¯ ° _— . Ð i 9 ± . / X ² ³ Ó ¹ t₁₉₉₈u, [20] ´ µ ¶ ! " . Ð i 9 ± . / X ² ³ Ó ¹ t₂₀₀₃u,

[21] R. H. Hardin and F. D. Tappert,

“Applications of the split-step Fourier method to the numerical solution of nonlinear and variable coefficient wave equations,” SIAM Rev., 15, p.423 (1973). [22] P. C. Etter, Underwater Acoustic Modeling,

2nd ed., chap 4, Chapman & Hall, London (1996).

[23] F. D. Tappert, “The parabolic

approximation method,” Wave

Propagation in Underwater Acoustics, pp.224-287, edited by J. B. Keller and J. S. Papadakis, Spring-Verlag, New York (1977).

[24] M. D. Collins, User’s Guide for RAM

Versions 1.0 and 1.0p, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington (1991)