多維營養資料之因子及長期追蹤分析

全文

(1)國立交通大學統計學研究所碩士論文. 多維營養資料之因子及長期追蹤分析 Factor and Longitudinal Analysis for Multiple Nutritional Data. 研究生：劉育倫指導教授：黃冠華博士. 中華民國九十五年六月.

(2) 多維營養資料之因子及長期追蹤分析 Factor and Longitudinal Analysis for Multiple Nutritional Data 研究生：劉育倫. Student : Yu-Lun Liu. 指導教授：黃冠華. Advisor : Dr. Guan-Hua Huang 國立交通大學統計學研究所碩士論文 A Thesis. Submitted to Institute of Statistics College of Science Nation Chiao-Tung University in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master in Statistics June 2006 Hsinchu, Taiwan. 中華民國九十五年六月.

(3) 多維營養資料之因子及長期追蹤分析. 學生 : 劉育倫. 指導教授 : 黃冠華博士. 國立交通大學統計學研究所. 摘要此論文主要分兩個部份去研究營養的相關問題。第一部份,主要是探討美國社區老人的口腔健康和營養間的關係。營養不良普遍發生在老年人中,長期營養不良可能會引發疾病而造成身體不適,近而影響生活的品質。然而老年人常因為牙齒的因素而無法進食而導致營養不良,因此口腔健康是不容忽視的。利用因子分析建立口腔健康和營養之間可能存在的關係。第二部份,針對台大醫院住院的老人做營養的長期追蹤,分別在出院前和出院後三到六個月做調查。主要是觀察住院老人的營養如何隨著時間的變化而有所改變, 應用因子分析和廣義估計方程式去分析營養變化,且找出影響其變化的因素如個人生理或者心理社會因子等。關鍵字 : 因子分析 ; 廣義估計方程式. i.

(4) Factor and Longitudinal Analysis for Multiple Nutritional Data Student : Yu-Lun Liu. Advisor : Dr. Guan-Hua Huang. Institute of Statistics National Chiao Tung University Abstract. This thesis consists of two parts which are nutrition related problems. In the first part, we study the relationships between oral health and nutrition for community-dwelling in U.S.A.. Malnutrition is common in elder people, it may influence the elder people’ health and the life quality. However, elder people are usually unable to eat due to teeth, it results in poor nutrition. Thus, oral health is also important component for elder people’s health. We use factor analysis to obtain the possible associations between oral health and nutrition. In the second part, it is a longitudinal data set for hospitalized elder people of National Taiwan University Hospital, we collect the data in different time points as follows: before discharge, three month post index hospitalization and six month post index hospitalization. Factor analysis and Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) are employed to study the change of the nutritional status over time and find the risk factors such as personal physical factors, psychosocial factors and so on. Key words: Factor analysis; Generalized estimating equations ii.

(5) 誌謝撰寫論文的過程中，因為有許多人的幫忙才能順利地完成。在此誠心地感謝大家，倘若沒有大家的協助可能無法完成此論文。首先，最要感謝我的指導教授-黃冠華老師，他很有耐心地指導每一個步驟。當我遇到瓶頸時，他會分析問題的癥結，引導我如何去解決問題及提供意見，使我受用無窮。還有，陳佳慧老師所提供的資料及一些問題的探討，使論文有發揮的空間。此外，還要感謝口試委員陳鄰安老師和許文郁老師，他們提供一些建議及想法，並匡正論文錯誤的地方,使得它能夠更完整。另外，無論精神上的勉勵或是實質上的協助，由衷地感謝我的同學和朋友以及祝福大家。最後，感謝我的家人和親戚，一路走來他們的鼓勵及支持是督促我不斷努力的動力，讓我更加有信心達成目標，並謹以此成果獻給他們。. 劉育倫. 謹誌于. 國立交通大學統計學研究所中華民國九十五年六月. iii.

(6) Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..i Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..……iii Contents……………………………………………………………………………iv List of tables and figures………………………………………………………….vi. 1 INTRODUCTION. 1. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW. 4. 2.1 Factor analysis……………………………………………………………...8 2.2 Factor scores………………………………………………………………..14 2.3 Generalized Estimating Equations(GEEs)……………………………….15 2.3.1 Marginal models……………………………………………………..15 2.3.2 Quasi-likehood……………………………………………………….16 2.3.3 Generalized Estimating Equations(GEEs)…………………………17 2.3.4 The working correlation……………………………………………..18 3 FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR MULTIPLE NUTRITIONAL DATA. 20. 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………...20 3.2 Method………………………………………………………………………22 3.2.1 Sample…………………………………………………………………22 3.2.2 Risk factors and measured instruments……………………………..22 3.2.3 Statistical methods…………………………………………………….25 3.3 Results……………………………………………………………………….26 3.3.1 The descriptive analysis………………………………………………26 3.3.2 Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis……..28 3.3.3 The structural equation model……………………………………….31. iv.

(7) 3.4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………32. 4 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS FOR MULTIPLE NUTRITIONAL DATA 34 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………34 4.2 Method………………………………………………………………………36 4.2.1 Sample…………………………………………………………………36 4.2.2 Instruments……………………………………………………………37 4.2.3 Statistical analysis…………………………………………………….40 4.3 Results……………………………………………………………………….42 4.3.1 The descriptive analysis………………………………………………42 4.3.2 Exploratory factor analysis at Time1………………………………..44 4.3.3 Confirmatory factor analysis combining four time points…………45 4.3.4 Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) ………………………….46 4.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………...47. 5 CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………48 References ………………………………………………………………………...50. v.

(8) List of Tables A.1 Characteristics of community-dwelling elders in U.S.A…………………….57 A.2 Spearman correlation among observed indicators of oral helath…………..58 A.3 Spearman correlation among observed indicators of nutrition…………….58 A.4 The relationship between each nutritional factor and adjusted risk factors from the SEM model…………………………………………………59 A.5 Goodness-of-fit indices for the SEM models with or without adjusting for risk factors………………………………………………………………...59 A.6 Baseline characteristics of elderly hospitalized patients in National Taiwan University Hospital, February, 2006………………………………..60 A.7 Two CFA models for nutrition at Time1……………………………………..61 A.8 The relationship between factor score and risk factors at each time point..62 A.9 The relationship of the difference in factor scores between two adjacent time points with risk factors…………………………………………………63. vi.

(9) List of Figures A.1 The measurement models for oral health and nutrition………………64 A.2 Structural equation modeling: combining measurement and structural models……………………………………………………………....65 A.3 Structural equation modeling: combining measurement and structural models. The relationship is adjusted for risk factors……………66 A.4 CFA for Factor1 at different time points……………………………. ..67 A.5 CFA for Factor2 at different time points……………………………....68 A.6 CFA for Factor3 at different time points………………………………69. vii.

(10) 0)8<-: $"%$ *9DFMLJALAGF AK HJ=N9D=FL AF =D<=J H=GHD= KG AL AK FGL GN=JDGGC=< >GJ =D<=J H=GHD=UK ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ &F L@AK 9JLA;D= O= 9J= AFL=J=KL=< AF <AK;GN=JAF? L@= FMLJALAGF9D KL9LMK J=D9L=< HJG:D=EK L@MK L@=J= 9J= LOG E9AF IM=KLAGFK #AJKL O@9L AK L@= J=D9LAGFK@AH :=LO==F FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ F< K=;GF< O@9L 9J= L@= FMLJALAGF9D ;@9F?=K G> @GKHAL9DAR=< =D<=JDQ H9LA=FLK GN=J LAE= +MLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ 9J= E=9KMJ=< :Q EMDLAHD= AF<A;9LGJK -J=NA

(11) GMK KLM<Q MK=K L@= LGL9D KMEK G> FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ AF<A;9LGJK LG KLM<Q L@=AJ J=D9LAGFK@AH 1@AK E9Q E9KC L@= 9KKG;A9LAGF %=J= O= MK= >9;

(12) LGJ 9F9DQKAK LG SF< MF<=JDQAF? KLJM;LMJ= G> FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ L@MK L@=Q ;9F := EGJ= 9;;MJ9L= 1@= >GJE=J H9H=JK @9N= E9FQ <AK;MKKAGFK GF GJ9D @=9DL@ 9F< FMLJALAGF J=KH=;LAN=DQ :ML @=J= O= HML LOG LG?=L@=J LG SF< L@= HGKKA:D= J=D9LAGFK@AHK &F L@AK L@=KAK O= 9J= AFL=J=KL=< AF <AK;GN=JAF? L@= J=D9LAGFK@AHK G> GJ9D @=9DL@ 9F< FMLJALAGF >GJ ;GEEMFALQ

(13) <O=DDAF? =D<=JK. .

(14) 9F< O= 9DKG 9<< KGE= JAKC >9;LGJK AF;DM<AF? ;GEGJ:A<ALQ <=HJ=KKAN= KQEH

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

(16) LAN=F=KK >GJ KLM<QAF? ;@9F?= FGL@=J E=JAL G> L@= DGF?ALM<AF9D KLM<Q AK ALK 9:ADALQ LG <AKLAF?MAK@ L@= <=?J== G> N9JA9LAGF AF J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D=K 9;JGKK LAE= >GJ GF= H=JKGF >JGE L@= N9JA9LAGF AF J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D=K 9EGF? H=GHD= !A??D=F 1@MK DGF?ALM<AF9D <9L9 =F9:D= MK LG KLM<Q L@= 9KKG;A

(17) 9LAGF :=LO==F FMLJALAGF 9F< JAKC >9;LGJK 9L <AZ=J=FL KL9?= G> @GKHAL9DAR9LAGF 9F< LG KLM<Q L@= FMLJALAGF ;@9F?= 9F< ALK 9KKG;A9L=< ;9MK=K &F L@= K=;GF< H9JL G> L@AK L@=KAK O= ;GE:AF= >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK 9F< DGF?ALM

(18) <AF9D <9L9 9F9DQKAK LG KLM<Q L@= FMLJALAGF9D ;@9F?= >GJ <AZ=J=FL <AE=FKAGF G> FMLJALAGF 2KAF? DGF?ALM<AF9D <9L9 GMJ KLM<Q =P9EAF=< >9;LGJK L@9L 9J= 9KKG;A9L=< OAL@ FMLJALAGF9D ;@9F?= GN=J LAE= AF @GKHAL9DAR=< =D<=JDQ H=JKGFK 9F< AFN=KLA?9L=< AFL=J9;LAGFK 9EGF? L@GK= JAKC >9;LGJK &F L@AK OGJC O= 9HHDA=< ?=F=J9DAR=< =KLAE9LAF? =IM9LAGFK $""K >GJ L@= 9F9DQKAK G> FMLJA

(19) LAGF9D ;@9F?= >GJ @GKHAL9DAR=< GD<=J H=GHD= 1@= 9<N9FL9?= G> L@= $"" 9HHJG9;@ AK L@9L AL J=IMAJ=K O=9C=J <AKLJA:MLAGF9D 9KKMEHLAGFK 9F< E9AF

(20) L9AFK L@= HJGH=JLA=K G> ;GFKAKL=F;Q 9F< 9KQEHLGLA; FGJE9DALQ G> H9J9E=L=J .

(21) =KLAE9L=K F< MK=>MD G> L@= $"" 9HHJG9;@ AK L@9L AL AK FGL F=;=KK9JQ >GJ L@= VOGJCAF?W ;GJJ=D9LAGF E9LJAP LG := ;GJJ=;LDQ KH=;AS=< LG ;GFKLJM;L ;GFKAKL=F;Q 9F< 9KQEHLGLA; FGJE9DALQ G> H9J9E=L=J =KLAE9L=K 6=?=J 9F< )A9F? . .

(22) 0)8<-:

(23) $"$%" "&' 1@AK ;@9HL=J J=NA=OK KGE= MK=>MD KL9LAKLA;9D LGGDK >GJ EG<=DAF? <9L9 L@9L 9J= MK=< :Q L@AK L@=KAK 9F< 9J= AEHD=E=FL=< AF *HDMK 3=JKAGF 9F< / H9;C9?= #AJKL D9L=FL N9JA9:D= EG<=DK 9F< >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK OAL@ ;9L=?GJA;9D AF<A;9LGJK 9J= ADDMKLJ9L=< OAL@ ;GEEMFALQ

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

(25) L@=J= 9J= LOG LQH=K G> >9;LGJK 9F9DQKAK =PHDGJ9LGJQ >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK "# 9F< ;GFSJE9LGJQ >9;LGJ. .

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

(27) EG<=D SLK. # 9J= MK=< >J=IM=FLDQ AF HJ=H9J9LAGF >GJ 9F9DQRAF?. EGJ= ?=F=J9D KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF EG<=DK 0"* GF L@= KA<=. # HD9QK 9F. AEHGJL9FL JGD= AF KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF EG<=DAF? 0LJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF EG<

(28) =DK 0"*K 9DKG ;9DD=< KAEMDL9F=GMK =IM9LAGF EG<=DK 9J= EMDLAN9JA9L= A = EMDLA

(29) =IM9LAGF J=?J=KKAGF EG<=DK 2FDAC= L@= EGJ= LJ9<ALAGF9D EMDLAN9JA9L= DAF=9J EG<=D @GO=N=J L@= J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D= AF GF= J=?J=KKAGF =IM9LAGF AF 9F 0"* E9Q 9HH=9J 9K 9 HJ=<A;LGJ AF 9FGL@=J =IM9LAGF AF<==< N9JA9:D=K AF 9F 0"* E9Q AFTM=F;= GF=

(30) 9FGL@=J J=;AHJG;9DDQ =AL@=J <AJ=;LDQ GJ L@JGM?@ GL@=J N9JA9:D=K 9K AFL=JE=<A9JA=K 1@=K= KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGFK 9J= E=9FL LG J=HJ=K=FL ;9MK9D J=D9LAGFK@AHK 9EGF? L@= N9JA9:D=K AF L@= EG<=D &F >9;L 0"* AK ;GEHGK=< G> LOG H9JLK L@= E=9KMJ=E=FL EG<=D 9F< L@= KLJM;LMJ9D .

(31) EG<=D 1@= E=9KMJ=E=FL EG<=D J=D9L=K G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK LG D9L=FL N9JA

(32) 9:D=K 9F< KGE=LAE=K LG G:K=JN=< ;GN9JA9L=K 1@= KLJM;LMJ9D EG<=D L@=F KH=;AS=K J=D9LAGFK 9EGF? D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K 9F< J=?J=KKAGFK G> D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K GF G:K=JN=< N9JA9:D=K 4@=F L@= G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK 9J= ;9L=?GJA;9D O= F==< LG EG<A>Q L@= ;GFN=FLAGF9D E=9KMJ=E=FL EG<=D >GJ ;GFLAFMGMK AF<A

(33) ;9LGJK %GO=N=J L@= KLJM;LMJ9D EG<=D ;9F J=E9AF =KK=FLA9DDQ L@= K9E= 9K AF L@= ;GFLAFMGMK ;9K= 0CJGF<9D 0"* E9Q := MK=< 9K 9 EGJ= HGO

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

(35) ;9LAGF *M=DD=J 0=;GF<DQ E9FQ J=K=9J;@=JK 9J= AFL=J=KL=< AF 9F9DQRAF? <9L9 >JGE DGF

(36) ?ALM<AF9D KLM<A=K O@GK= >=9LMJ= AK L@9L AF<ANA<M9DK 9J= E=9KMJ=< J=H=9L

(37) =<DQ L@JGM?@ LAE= 6=?=J 9F< )A9F? <AK;MKK L@= KL9LAKLA;9D E=L@G<K >GJ L@= 9F9DQKAK G> <AK;J=L= 9F< ;GFLAFMGMK DGF?ALM<AF9D <9L9 MKAF? L@J== 9HHJG9;@=K E9J?AF9D LJ9FKALAGF 9F< J9F<GE =Z=;L EG<=DK )A9F? 9F< 6=?=J <=K;JA:= L@= E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF G> L@= GML;GE= N9JA9:D= 9K 9 >MF;LAGF G> L@= ;GN9JA9L=K O@AD= 9;;GMFLAF? >GJ L@= ;GJJ=D9LAGF 9EGF? L@= J=H=9L=< G:K=JN9LAGFK >GJ 9 ?AN=F KM:B=;L &F 9<<ALAGF L@=Q KH=;A>Q 9 VOGJC

(38) .

(39) AF?W ;GJJ=D9LAGF E9LJAP >GJ L@= G:K=JN9LAGFK >GJ =9;@ KM:B=;L 1@=K= 9ML@GJK 9DKG >GJE9DAR=< 9F 9HHJG9;@ LG L@AK DGF?ALM<AF9D <9L9 MKAF? ?=F=J9DAR=< =K

(40) LAE9LAF? =IM9LAGFK $""K LG =PL=F< ?=F=J9DAR=< DAF=9J EG<=DK $)*K LG 9 J=?J=KKAGF K=LLAF? OAL@ ;GJJ=D9L=< G:K=JN9LAGFK OAL@AF KM:B=;LK 1@AK K=L

(41) MH D=9<K LG ?=F=J9DAR=< =KLAE9LAF? =IM9LAGF $""K O@A;@ ?AN= ;GFKAKL=FL =KLAE9LGJK G> L@= J=?J=KKAGF ;G=Y;A=FLK 9F< G> L@=AJ N9JA9F;=K MF<=J O=9C 9KKMEHLAGFK 9:GML L@= 9;LM9D ;GJJ=D9LAGF 9EGF? 9 KM:B=;LUK G:K=JN9LAGFK &F ?=F=J9D $""K 9J= MK=< LG ;@9J9;L=JAR= L@= E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF G> 9 K=L G> GML;GE=K 9K 9 >MF;LAGF G> 9 K=L G> KLM<Q N9JA9:D=K &F 9 E9J?AF9D EG<=D L@= 9F9DQKL AK AFL=J=KL=< AF EG<=DAF? L@= E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF 9N

(42) =J9?= J=KHGFK= >GJ G:K=JN9LAGFK K@9JAF? L@= K9E= ;GN9JA9L=K 9K 9 >MF;LAGF G> =PHD9F9LGJQ N9JA9:D=K %GO=N=J AF L@AK 9JLA;D= O= 9J= AFKL=9< G> L@= =PH=;

(43) L9LAGF G> >9;LGJ K;GJ=K 9K <=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=K +A;@GD9K 9F< 0LM9JL ;GEH9J= L@= $""K AEHD=E=FL9LAGFK G> K=N=J9D ?=F=J9D HMJHGK= KL9LAKLA;9D H9;C9?=K AF;DM<AF? 00 0L9L9 02!+ 9F< 0

(44) -DMK &F L@AK H9H=J O= MLADAR= 9F / H9;C9?= LG 9F9DQR= L@= FMLJALAGF9D KL9LMK G> @GKHAL9DAR=< =D<=JK MKAF? $""K 9HHJG9;@ 1@= MK= G> $""K LG =KLAE9L= J=?J=KKAGF ;G=Y;A=FLK KH=;AS=< :Q E9J?AF9D EG<=DK @9K :==F KLM<A=< =PL=FKAN=DQ GN=J L@= D9KL S>

(45) L==F Q=9JK #GJ EGJ= <=L9AD=< LJ=9LE=FLK K== -J=FLA;= 6@9G 9F< -J=FLA;= 1@9DD 9F< 39AD )A9F? 9F< #ALRE9MJA;= 9F< )9AJ< &F L@= >GDDGOAF?K O= OADD <=K;JA:= L@= <=L9AD=< KL9LAKLA;9D EG<=D G> >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK 9F< $"" 9HHJG9;@. .

(46)

(47) . )+<7: )6)4A;1;. 39JA9:D=K )=L ;

(48)

(49) ; <=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=K := 3

(50) <AE=FKAGF9D ;9L=?GJA;9D N9JA9:D=K G>. AF<ANA<M9D ;GJJ=KHGF<AF? LG ;GFLAFMGMK D9L=FL J=KHGFK= N9JA

(51). 9:D= ; )=L ,,

(52)

(53)

(54) 1 <=FGL= L@= G:K=JN9LAGF9D MFAL L@= AF<ANA<M9D 9F< --

(55)

(56)

(57) 3<=FGL= L@= G:K=JN=< <=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D= ;9L=?GJA;9D N9JA9:D= ; -

(58)

(59)

(60) 3 OAL@ GJ<=J=< ;9L=?GJA=K AK <=SF=< 9K. ; & A> ; ,

(61)

(62)

(63) 1. . >GJ ;9L=?GJA=K &

(64)

(65)

(66)

(67) 9F< *G<=D 1@= =PHDGJ9LGJQ >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK EG<=D AK <=SF=< 9K. . . O@=J= AK 9 3

(68) <AE=FKAGF9D N=;LGJ G> J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D=K AK 9 3

(69) <AE=FKAGF9D H9J9E=L=J N=;LGJ G> E=9KMJ=E=FL AFL=J;=HLK AK 9 3 0 H9J9E=L=J E9LJAP G> >9;LGJ DG9<AF?K AK 9F 0

(70) <AE=FKAGF9D N=;LGJ G> >9;LGJK AK 9 3

(71) <AE=FKAGF9D N=;LGJ G> J=KA<M9D 1@= =IM9LAGF ;9F := =PL=F<=< 9K L@= >GDDGOAF? LG AF;GJHGJ9L= ;GN9JA9L= =Z=;LK. . . @=J= AK 9 3 4 H9J9E=L=J E9LJAP G> J=?J=KKAGF KDGH=K AK 9 4

(72) <AE=FKAGF9D .

(73) N=;LGJ G> AF<=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=K 1@AK =IM9LAGF AK L@= E=9KMJ=E=FL H9JL G> 0"* EG<=D 9F< 9FGL@=J H9JL G> 0"* EG<=D AK L@= KLJM;LMJ9D H9JL O@A;@ AK <=SF=< AF L=JEK G> L@= D9L=FL N9JA9:D= J=?J=KK=< GF =9;@ GL@=J 9F< L@= AF<=H=F<=FL N9JA9:D=K.

(74) . . O@=J= AK 9F 0

(75) <AE=FKAGF9D H9J9E=L=J N=;LGJ

(76) AK 0 0 H9J9E=L=J E9LJAP G> KDGH=K >GJ J=?J=KKAGFK G> D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K GF GL@=J D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K AK 9F 0 4 KDGH=K H9J9E=L=J E9LJAP >GJ J=?J=KKAGFK G> L@= D9L=FL N9JA

(77) 9:D=K GF L@= N9JA9:D=K 9F< AK 9F 0

(78) <AE=FKAGF9D N=;LGJ G> J=KA<M9DKK== *ML@[F : 1@= K;9DAF? H9J9E=L=J G> 1@= K;9DAF? H9J9E=L=J AK MK=< 9K L@= K;9D= G> GJA?AF9D J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D= ; . . 1@= <A9?GF9D =D=E=FLK G> 9J= MK=>MD O@=F ;GEH9JAF? L@= K9E= ; N9JA9:D=K GN=J LAE= L@= =D=E=FL >GJ L@= SJKL LAE= HGAFL ;9F := KL9F<9J<

(79) AR=< LG GF= O@=J=9K =D=E=FLK ;9F := =KLAE9L=< >GJ GL@=J LAE= HGAFLK LG ;9HLMJ= <AZ=J=F;=K AF N9JA9F;=K GN=J LAE= 1@= L@J=K@GD< H9J9E=L=J G> 1@= L@J=K@GD< H9J9E=L=JK 9J= MK=< AF L@= EG<=D >GJ ;9L=?GJA;9D ; N9JA

(80) 9:D=K K HJ=NAGMK =IM9LAGF 9F< 9J= L@= L@J=K@GD< H9

(81). .

(82) J9E=L=JK $AN=F L@= ;GF<ALAGF9D FGJE9DALQ 9KKMEHLAGF L@AK D=9<K LG L@= MFAN9JA9L= 9F< :AN9JA9L= HJG:9:ADALQ =PHJ=KKAGFK ; . ;

(83) ; . . . . . . ; '; . . . ;

(84) ; '; '; . O@=J= AK L@= L@J=K@GD< H9J9E=L=J >GJ ; EMDLAHDA=< :Q L@= BL@ <A9?GF9D =D=E=FL G> AK 9 MFAN9JA9L= KL9F<9J< FGJE9D <=FKALQ AK 9 :AN9JA9L= FGJE9D <=FKALQ OAL@ MFAL N9JA9F;=K R=JG E=9FK 9F< ;GJJ=D9LAGF ;G=Y;A=FL O@A;@ AK 9F GZ

(85) <A9?GF9D =D=E=FL G> 1@= GZ

(86) <A9?GF9D =D=E=FLK G> 9J= J=>=JJ=< LG 9K HJG:AL J=KA<M9D ;GJJ=D9LAGFK 1@= =D=E=FLK G> 9J= J=>=JJ=< LG 9K HJG:AL KDGH=K "KLAE9LGJ #GJ ;9L=?GJA;9D GML;GE=K L@= EG<=D H9J9E=L=JK 9J= =KLAE9L=< :Q L@= E=9F

(87) 9<BMKL=< 9F< N9JA9F;=

(88) 9<BMKL=< O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J= =KLAE9LAF? E=L@G< 4)0*3 4)0*3

(89) O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J= H9J9E=L=J =KLAE9L=K MKAF? 9 <A

(90) 9?GF9D O=A?@L E9LJAP OAL@ JG:MKL KL9F<9J< =JJGJK 9F< E=9F

(91) 9<BMKL=< 9F< N9JA9F;=

(92) 9<BMKL=< L=KL KL9LAKLA; #GDDGOAF? AK L@= :JA=> <=K;JAHLAGF G> L@AK =K

(93) LAE9LGJ *ML@[F 9 HJGHGK=< 9 L@J==

(94) KL9?= DAEAL=< AF>GJE9LAGF 4)0 =KLAE9LGJ 1@= L@J== H9JLK 9J= J=KH=;LAN=DQ 9 E=9FL@J=K@GD<J=<M;=<

(95) >GJE J=?J=KKAGF AFL=J;=HL KLJM;LMJ= 9 J=<M;=<

(96) >GJE J=?J=KKAGF KDGH KLJM;LMJ= 9F< 9 ;GN9JA9F;=;GJJ=D9LAGF KLJM;LMJ= GFKA<=J L@= L@J== HGHMD9LAGF N=;LGJK 9F< *ML@[F .

(97) -9JL ;GFL9AFK 9 E=9F GJ L@J=K@GD< GJ AFL=J;=HL KLJM;LMJ=.

(98) -9JL ;GFL9AFK 9 KDGH KLJM;LMJ=. 9(&

(99) -9JL ;GFL9AFK 9 ;GN9JA9F;= ;GJJ=D9LAGF GJ J=KA<M9D ;GJJ=D9LAGF KLJM;LMJ=. . . 9(&

(100)

(101)

(102) %=J= AK 9 <A9?GF9D 3 3 E9LJAP G> K;9DAF? >9;LGJK ;GFL9AFK L@= K9E= =D=E=FL 9K :ML <A9?GF9D =D=E=FLK 9J= <MHDA;9L=< >GJ ;9L=?GJA;9D N9JA9:D=K OAL@ EGJ= L@9F GF= L@J=K@GD< 9F< KAEAD9JDQ <AKLJA:ML=< =D

(103) =E=FLK >JGE L@= N=;LGJK L@=Q HJ=

(104) EMDLAHDQ L@= 9(& GH=J9LGJ KLJAF?K GML E9

(105) LJAP =D=E=FLK JGO

(106) OAK= AFLG 9 ;GDMEF N=;LGJ 9F< K=D=;LK DGO=J

(107) LJA9F?MD9J =D=E=FLK >JGE L@= KQEE=LJA; E9LJAP =D=E=FLK AL HJ=

(108) EMDLAHDA=K O@=J= 9 <A9?GF9D =D=E=FL A> GFDQ AF;DM<=< A> L@= ;GJJ=KHGF<AF? G:K=JN=< N9JA9:D= AK ;GFLAFMGMK AK 9 3 0 E9LJAP G> DG9<AF?K

(109) AK 9F 0 0 E9LJAP G> KDGH=K >GJ L@= J=?J=KKAGF 9EGF? L@= 0 D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K AK 9F 0 4 E9LJAP G> KDGH=K >GJ L@= J=?J=KKAGF G> L@= 0 D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K GF L@= 4: N9JA9:D=K AK 0 0 9F ;GN9JA9L= E9LJAP >GJ L@= D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K 9F< L@= J=KA<M9DK AF L@= D9L=FL N9JA9:D= J=D9LAGFK 4AL@ L@= FGJE9DALQ KH=;AS;9LAGF GF L@= D9L=FL J=KHGFK= N9JA9:D=K 9FQ EG<=D L@9L SLK AF L@= ?=F=J9D >J9E=OGJC AK A<=FLAS=< A> 9F< GFDQ A> ALK .

(110) . H9J9E=L=JK 9J= A<=FLAS=< AF L=JEK G> O@=J= . . .

(111)

(112) *ML@[F 9 MLADAR=< L@AK >9;L AF L@9L KL9LAKLA;K O=J= HJG<M;=< 9K ;GFKAKL=FL =KLAE9LGJK G> AF GJ<=J LG =KLAE9L= L@= EG<=D H9J9E=L=JK AF 9 SF9D =KLAE9LAGF KL9?= -J=;=<AF? =KLAE9LAGF KL9?=K ?AN= O@=J= GFDQ DAEAL=< AF>GJE9LAGF >JGE :AN9JA9L= <AKLJA:MLAGFK AK F==<=< &F L@= SF9D =KLAE9LAGF KL9?= 9 4)0 SLLAF? >MF;LAGF OAL@ 9 ?=F=J9D >MDD O=A?@L E9LJAP AK MK=<. . . . . . O@=J= L@= ?=F=J9DAR=< D=9KL KIM9J=K =KLAE9LGJ AK G:L9AF=< O@=F AK 9 ;GFKAKL=FL =KLAE9LGJ G> L@= 9KQEHLGLA; ;GN9JA9F;= E9LJAP G> #AL AF<A;=K 1@= EGKL ;GEEGFDQ MK=< L=KL G> EG<=D 9<=IM9;Q AK L@= ?GG<F=KK

(113) G>

(114) L=KL 1@= FMDD @QHGL@=KAK >GJ L@AK L=KL AK L@9L L@= EG<=D 9<=IM9L=DQ 9;;GMFLK >GJ L@= <9L9 O@AD= L@= 9DL=JF9LAN= AK L@9L L@=J= AK KA?FAS;9FL 9EGMFL G> <AK

(115) ;J=H9F;Q 1@= 9HHJGPAE9LAGF AK K=FKALAN= LG K9EHD= KAR= 9F< NAGD9LAGF G> L@= EMDLAN9JA9L= FGJE9DALQ 9KKMEHLAGF *ML@[F 9F< (9HD9F HJG

(116) HGK=< L@9L L@= AK 9DKG K=FKALAN= LG EG<=D ;GEHD=PALQ 1@= *HDMK HJGNA<=< KGE= EG<=D SL E=9KMJ=K L@= EG<=D SL AF>GJE9LAGF G:L9AF=< >JGE L@=K= SL AF<A;=K 9J= N=JQ <AZ=J=FL >JGE L@9L G:L9AF=< >JGE L@= E=9KMJ= O@=J= 9 @QHGL@=KAR=< EG<=D AK ;GEH9J=< LG 9 K9LMJ9L=< EG<=D 1@= SJKL SL AF<A;=K 9J= 1M;C=J

(117) )=OAK &F<=P 1)& 9F<. GEH9J9LAN= #AL &F<=P #&. .

(118) ' ' ' . 0%: '

(119) 0%: '

(120) '

(121) O@=J= ' 9F< ' 9J= L@= <=?J== G> >J==<GE >GJ L@= :9K=DAF= 9F< @QHGL@=

(122) KAR=< EG<=DK J=KH=;LAN=DQ 1)& ;GEH9J= L@= SL G> L@= HJGHGK=< EG<=D LG L@9L G> 9 VFMDD EG<=DW AL @9K :==F K@GOF LG := EM;@ D=KK K=FKALAN= LG K9E

(123) HD= KAR= %M 9F< =FLD=J J=;GEE=F<=< ;MLGZ N9DM=K G> 1)& 9F< #& :GL@ ;DGK= LG GL@ 1)& 9F<. #& 9J= AF;J=E=FL9D SL AF<A;=K O@A;@. E=9KMJ= L@= AEHJGN=E=FL G> SL :Q ;GEH9JAF? 9 @QHGL@=KAR=< EG<=D OAL@ 9 EGJ= J=KLJA;L=< EG<=D F< L@= K=;GF< SL AF<=P AK /GGL

(124) E=9F

(125) KIM9J= "JJGJ G> 9HHJGPAE9LAGF /*0" 4AL@ ;9L=?GJA;9D GML;GE=K /*0" AK <=SF=< 9K ' 1

(126) O@=J= ' AK 9 >MF;LAGF G> L@= K9EHD= N9JA9F;=K 9F< AK L@= EAFAEME G> L@= SLLAF? >MF;LAGF JGOF= 9F<. M<=;C KM??=KL=< L@9L. /*0" N9DM=K D9J?=J L@9F 9J= AF<A;9LAN= G> HGGJ SLLAF? EG<=DK N9DM=K AF L@= J9F?= G> LG 9J= AF<A;9LAN= G> >9AJ SL 9F< N9DM=K D=KK L@9F 9J= AF<A;9LAN= G> ;DGK= SL DKG %M 9F< =FLD=J J=;GEE=F<=< 9 ;MLGZ N9DM= G> /*0" ;DGK= LG 1@= SF9D SL AF<=P AK 4=A?@L=< /GGL

(127) E=9F

(128) KIM9J= J=KA<M9D 4/*/ AL AK =PHJ=KK=< 9K .

(129) # . 1 . (. O@=J= AK L@= EAFAEME G> L@= SLLAF? >MF;LAGF 9F< ( AK L@= FME:=J G> K9EHD= KL9LAKLA;K 0E9DD N9DM=K G> 4/*/ AF<A;9L= ?GG< SL 5M 9F< *ML@[F J=;GEE=F<=< L@= N9DM= G> 4/*/ >GJ ?GG< EG<=DK OAL@ ;9L=?GJA;9D GML;GE=K.

(130)

(131). )+<7: ;+7:-;. #9;LGJ K;GJ=K O@A;@ 9J= L@= =KLAE9L=< N9DM=K G> L@= ;GEEGF >9;LGJK 9J= FGL =KLAE9L=K G> MFCFGOF H9J9E=L=JK AF L@= MKM9D K=FK= /9L@=J L@=Q 9J= =KLAE9L=K G> N9DM=K >GJ L@= MFG:K=JN=< J9F<GE >9;LGJ N=;LGJK #9;LGJ K;GJ=K 9F IM9FLA>Q AF<ANA<M9D ;9K=K GF 9 D9L=FL ;GFLAFMME MKAF? 9 R

(132) K;GJ= K;9D= O@A;@ J9F?=K >JGE 9HHJGPAE9L=DQ

(133) LG 9JLD=LL @9K KM??=KL=< L@9L O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J=K := MK=< LG =KLAE9L= L@= ;GEEGF >9;LGJ N9DM=K 1@= O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J=K E=L@G< LG ;9D;MD9L= L@= >9;LGJ K;GJ=K ) 9K >GDDGOK. ) : . -

(134)

(135)

(136) 1. <=FGL= L@= =KLAE9L=K O@=J= <=FGL= L@= =KLAE9L=K G> L@= E=9F N=;LGJ 9J= L@= =KLAE9L=K G> L@= KH=;AS; N9JA9F;=K G> L@= >9;LGJ DG9<AF?K . . . AK 9 <A9?GF9D E9LJAP 9F< AK L@= G:K=JN=< N9DM=K .

(137)

(138)

(139) . -6-:)41B-, ;<15)<16/ 9=)<176; ; ):/16)4 57,-4;. &F L@= J=?J=KKAGF O= EG<=D L@= E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF $ 9K 9 >MF;

(140) LAGF G> =PHD9F9LGJQ N9JA9:D=K Q E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF O= E=9FK L@= 9N

(141) =J9?= J=KHGFK= GN=J L@= KM:

(142) HGHMD9LAGF L@9L K@9J=K 9 ;GEEGF N9DM= G> : KKME= L@9L L@= E9J?AF9D =PH=;L9LAGF G> L@= J=KHGFK= $ $ <=H=F<K GF =PHD9F9LGJQ N9JA9:D=K : :Q. . * : O@=J= * AK 9 CFGOF DAFC >MF;LAGF KM;@ 9K L@= DG?AL >GJ :AF9JQ J=KHGFK=K GJ DG? >GJ ;GMFLK L@= E9J?AF9D N9JA9F;= <=H=F<K GF L@= E9J?AF9D E=9F 9;;GJ<AF? LG. " %5$ 9 O@=J= 9 AK 9 CFGOF >MF;LAGF 9F< AK 9 K;9D= H9J9E=L=J O@A;@ E9Q F==< LG := =KLAE9L=< L@= ;GN9JA9F;= :=LO==F $ 9F< $ 6 7

(143)

(144) 1 AK 9 >MF;LAGF G> L@= E9J?AF9D E=9FK 9F< 9<<ALAGF9D H9J9E=L=JK L@9L AK. &29$

(145) $ &

(146) O@=J= & AK 9 CFGOF >MF;LAGF K== 6=?=J )A9F? .

(147)

(148)

(149). !=);113-077,. 1@AK IM9KA

(150) DAC=DA@GG< O9K SJKL HJGHGK=< :Q 4=<<=J:MJF 9F< D9L=J L=KL=< =PL=FKAN=DQ :Q *; MDD9?@ F 9DL=JF9LAN= ?=F=J9DAR9LAGF O9K HJGHGK=< :Q )== 9F< +=D<=J F =PL=FKAN= J=NA=O G> L@= <=N=DGHE=FL G> L@= $"" 9HHJG9;@ AK ?AN=F :Q 6A=?D=J (9KLF=J 9F< D=LLF=J KKME= L@= G:K=JN9LAGFK ;

(151) : >GJ LAE=K 7 -

(152)

(153)

(154) 1 9F< KM:

(155) B=;LK ,

(156)

(157)

(158) . . )=L $

(159) $

(160)

(161) $

(162)

(163) $ 9F< := 1 3 E9LJAP :

(164) :

(165)

(166) : >GJ L@= ,7+ KM:B=;L 9F< L@= =PH=;L9LAGFK $ := J=D9L=< LG L@= 3

(167) <AE=FKAGF9D J=?J=KKGJ : :Q L@= E=9F

(168) DAFC >MF;LAGF *. . * : . . O@=J= AK 9 3 N=;LGJ G> H9J9E=L=JK )=L. " %5$ + . . O@=J= AK 9 K;9D= H9J9E=L=J 9F< + + AK 9 CFGOF N9JA9F;= >MF;LAGF 1@= >G;MK G> IM9KA

(169) DAC=DA@GG< AK GF E=L@G<K >GJ AF>=J=F;= 9:GML %=F;= AK LJ=9L=< 9K 9 FMAK9F;= H9J9E=L=J 1@= IM9KA

(170) DAC=DA@GG< =KLAE9LGJ AK L@= KGDMLAGF G> L@= K;GJ=

(171) DAC= =IM9LAGF KQKL=E . " %5 .

(172)

(173)

(174) 3 . . .

(175) 1@AK =IM9LAGF 9J= AF >9;L K;GJ= =IM9LAGF >GJ O@=F @9K <AKLJA:

(176) MLAGF >JGE L@= =PHGF=FLA9D >9EADQ 1@=AJ KGDMLAGF ;9F := G:L9AF=< :Q 9F AL=J9LAN=DQ J=O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J=K K== 6=?=J 9F< )A9F? 1@= J=KMDL

(177) AF? =KLAE9LGJ AK 9KQEHLGLA;9DDQ $9MKKA9F MF<=J EAD< J=?MD9JALQ ;GF<ALAGFK *; MDD9?@ &L 9DKG HGKK=KK=K 9 $9MKK

(178) *9JCGN

(179) DAC= GHLAE9DDQ AF L@9L AK 9KQEHLGLA;9DDQ L@= EAFAEME N9JA9F;= =KLAE9LGJ 9EGF? L@GK= OAL@ DAF

(180) =9J AFTM=F;= >MF;LAGF 4=<<=J:MJF 9F< *; MDD9?@ HJGNA<= <=L9ADK 9:GML IM9KA

(181) DAC=DA@GG< AF L@= J=?J=KKAGF ;GFL=PL.

(182) . -6-:)41B-, ;<15)<16/ 9=)<176;;. 6=?=J 9F< )A9F? AFLJG<M;=< L@= $""K 9HHJG9;@ >GJ L@= J=?J=K

(183) KAGF 9F9DQKAK G> ;GJJ=D9L=< G:K=JN9LAGFK 1G MLADAR= L@= IM9KA

(184) DAC=DA@GG< 9H

(185) HJG9;@ 9:GN= O= F==< LG KMHHGK= L@= E=9F 9F< ;GN9JA9F;= G> L@= N=;LGJ G> J=KHGFK=K >GJ KM:B=;L )=L := L@= 1 1 OGJCAF? ;GJJ=D9LAGF E9LJAP >GJ =9;@ OAL@ L@= OGJCAF? ;GN9JA9F;= E9LJAP . . O@=J= AK 9F 1 1 <A9?GF9D E9LJAP OAL@ =FLJA=K + 1@= =PL=FKAGF G> =IM9LAGF AK <=SF=< :Q. . . . . O@=J= OAL@

(186)

(187) 9F< . .

(188) . *GJ= ?=F=J9DDQ

(189) AK =IMAN9D=FL LG L@= =KLAE9LAF? >MF;LAGF KM??=KL=< :Q 4=<<=J:MJF =P;=HL L@9L L@= UK @=J= 9J= G> >MF;LAGFK G> 9K O=DD 9K #GJ 9FQ ?AN=F L@= =KLAE9L= AK <=SF=< 9K L@= KGDMLAGF G>. .

(190)

(191)

(192) . . . 2F<=J EAD< J=?MD9JALQ ;GF<ALAGFK )A9F? 9F< 6=?=J K@GO L@9L . AK 9 ;GFKAKL=FL =KLAE9LGJ G> AF L@= =IM9LAGF 9K 1G KGDN=. O= AL=J9LAN=DQ KGDN= >GJ L@= J=?J=KKAGF ;G=Y;A=FLK 9F< L@= L@= $"" >GJ ;GJJ=D9LAGF 9F< K;9D= H9J9E=L=JK 9F< $AN=F 9F =KLAE9L= G> 9F< G> O= ;9F ;9D;MD9L= 9F MH<9L=< =KLAE9L= G> :Q AL=J9LAN=DQ J=O=A?@L=< D=9KL KIM9J=K 9K <=K;JA:=< :Q *; MDD9?@ +=D<=J .

(193) . $0- ?7:316/ +7::-4)<176. &F 9<<ALAGF AL AK AEHGJL9FL LG KH=;A>Q L@= OGJCAF? ;GJJ=D9LAGF E9LJAP 1@=J= 9J= 9 N9JA=LQ G> ;GEEGF KLJM;LMJ=K AF;DM<AF? AF<=H=F<=F;= =P

(194) ;@9F?=9:D= MFKLJM;LMJ=< 9MLG

(195) J=?J=KKAN= E

(196) <=H=F<=FL 9F< SP=< #ALR

(197) E9MJA;= <AK;MKK >GMJ ;GEEGF KH=;AS;9LAGFK G> L@= OGJCAF? ;GJ

(198) J=D9LAGF E9LJAP >GJ G:K=JN9LAGFK $ 9F< $ 9K >GDDGOK O@=J= AK 9 1 1 A<=FLALQ E9LJAP 1@AK ;GJJ=KHGF<K LG L@=W OGJCAF? AF<=H=F<=F;=W 9KKMEHLAGF 9F< ?AN=K =KLAE9LAF? =IM9LAGFK A<=FLA;9D LG "P;@9F?=9:D= ;GJJ=D9LAGF &255$

(199) $ >GJ 6 7. .

(200) MLGJ=?J=KKAN= ;GJJ=D9LAGF &255$

(201) $ >GJ 6 7 2FKLJM;LMJ=< GJ H9AJOAK= ;GJJ=D9LAGF &255$

(202) $ O@=J= AK 9 1 1 N=;LGJ ;GFL9AFAF? 9DD L@= H9AJOAK= ;GJJ=D9LAGFK $=F=J9DDQ KH=9CAF? A> L@= FME:=J G> G:K=JN9LAGFK H=J ;DMKL=J AK KE9DD AF 9 :9D9F;=< 9F< ;GEHD=L= <=KA?F L@=F 9F MFKLJM;LMJ=< E9LJAP AK J=;GE

(203) E=F<=< %GJLGF 9F< )AHKALR %=J= O= GFDQ MK= L@= =P;@9F?=9:D= OGJCAF? ;GJJ=D9LAGF E9LJAP AF GMJ 9F9DQKAK. .

(204) 0)8<-: $" (## " %$ %$"$ $ . 6<:7,=+<176. *9DFMLJALAGF AK HJ=N9D=FL AF =D<=J H=GHD= &F L@= 2FAL=< 0L9L=K AL AK =KLAE9L=< L@9L G> FMJKAF? @GE= J=KA<=FLK G> @GKHAL9DAR=< =D<=JK 9F< G> @GE= ;9J= =D<=JK 9J= E9DFGMJAK@=< +MLJALAGF 0;J==FAF? &FALA9

(205) LAN= F< GJ9D @=9DL@ AK G>L=F F=?D=;L=< ;GEHGF=FL G> =D<=J H=GHD=U @=9DL@ L@= LGGL@ DGKK 9Z=;LK <A=L9JQ IM9DALQ 9F< FMLJA=FL AFL9C= &F ?=F=J9D GJ9D @=9DL@ E9Q AFTM=F;= FMLJALAGF KH==;@ ;GEEMFA;9LAGF 9F< K=D>

(206) AE9?= #MJL@=JEGJ= HGGJ GJ9D @=9DL@ ;9F 9Z=;L <A=L9JQ IM9DALQ 9F< FMLJA=FL AFL9C= AF 9 E9FF=J L@9L HGL=FLA9DDQ AF;J=9K=K L@= JAKC G> K=N=J9D KQKL=EA; <AK=9K=K. .

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

(209)

(210). -<07,.

(211) . #)584-. 1@AK KLM<Q O9K <=KA?F=< 9K 9 ;JGKK

(212) K=;LAGF9D HGHMD9LAGF

(213) :9K=< KLM<Q 0M:B=;LK O=J= J=;JMAL=< >JGE 9F AFF=J

(214) ;ALQ K=FAGJ @GMKAF? ;GEHD=P AF 0GML@

(215) =JF GFF=;LA;ML 1@= >9;ADALQ O9K AF<=H=F<=FL DANAF? AF F9LMJ= 9F< 9HHJGP

(216) AE9L=DQ GF=

(217) L@AJ< G> L@= J=KA<=FLK O=J= KM:KA<AR=< :Q HM:DA; >MF<K "9;@ J=KA<=FL AF L@= >9;ADALQ O9K AFNAL=< LG H9JLA;AH9L= 0M:B=;LK O=J= =P;DM<=< A> L@=Q 9J= MF9:D= LG ?AN= ;GFK=FL F @GKHAL9DAR=< GJ LGG ADD F GJ FGL "F?DAK@

(218) KH=9CAF? F . GFK=FL :Q HJGPQ O9K FGL MK=< <M= LG ALK =L@

(219). A;9D 9F< E=L@G<GDG?A;9D <AY;MDLA=K L L@= =F< G> 9

(220) EGFL@ J=;JMALE=FL H=JAG< KM:B=;LK >JGE 9F =DA?A:D= HGHMD9LAGF G> KM:B=;LK ;GEHD=L=< 9 KLJM;LMJ=< AF

(221) @GE= 9KK=KKE=FL :Q 9 LJ9AF=< $=JA9LJA; +MJK= -J9;LALAGF=J $+- &F GJ<=J LG 9DD=NA9L= L@= J=KHGF<=FL :MJ<=F KM:B=;LK O=J= ?ANAF? L@= GHLAGF G> :J=9CAF? L@= AFL=JNA=O AFLG LOG K=KKAGFK 9F< GFDQ LOG GML G> KM:B=;LK MK=< L@AK GHLAGF 1@= H9JLA;AH9LAGF J9L= O9K 1@= FGF

(222) H9JLA;AH9FLK F O=J= FGL KA?FAS;9FLDQ <AZ=J=FL >JGE L@= H9JLA;AH9FLK GF 9?= 3

(223) ?=F<=J3

(224) E9JAL9D KL9LMK 3 GJ =L@FA;ALQ 3 .

(225)

(226). "1;3 .)+<7:; )6, 5-);=:-, 16;<:=5-6<;. @=F KM:EALL=< HJGHGK=< HGKKA:D= >9;LGJK O@A;@ AEH9;L=< GF E9DFMLJALAGF AF L@= =D<=JDQ &F L@9L H9H=J L@=Q HJGNA<=< >GMJ ;GF;=HLM9D L=PLK AF;DM<AF? DGKK ;@JGFA; ADDF=KK <=H=F<=F;Q 9F< DGF=DAF=KK LG L=KL L@= .

(227) J=D9LAGFK@AHK OAL@ L@= <=N=DGHE=FL G> E9DFMLJALAGF AF L@= =D<=JDQ &F DGKK H9JL AL ;GFL9AFK KGE= =EHAJA;9D AF<A;=K AF;DM<AF? 9?= GJ9D @=9DL@ 1@= ;@JGFA; H9JL AF;DM<=K 9K >GDDGOK ;GEGJ:A<ALQ FME:=J G> E=<A;9LAGFK #GJ ADDF=KK L@=J= 9J= K=N=J9D AF<A;=K AF;DM<AF? ?=F<=J=<M;9LAGF >MF;LAGF9D KL9

(228) LMK F< L@= DGF=DAF=KK E9AFDQ ;GFL9AFK KG;A9D KMHHGJL 9F< <=HJ=KKAGF =E

(229) HAJA;9D AF<A;=K !=EG?J9H@A;K ;GDD=;L=< AF L@= AFL=JNA=O AF;DM<=< 9?= ?=F<=J =L@FA;ALQ DANAF? KL9LMK E9JAL9D KL9LMK =<M;9LAGF 9F< J=DA?AGF ,J9D @=9DL@ O9K E=9KMJ=< :Q

(230) AL=E $=JA9LJA; ,J9D %=9DL@ KK=KKE=FL &F<=P $,%& 1@= $,%& 9KK=KK=< L@= <AE=FKAGFK G> >MF;LAGF =9L

(231) AF? 9F< KH=9CAF? H9AF <AK;GE>GJL OGJJQ 9F< KG;A9D >MF;LAGFAF? &F L@= IM=KLAGFF9AJ= =9;@ AL=E KL9L=K 9F GJ9D @=9DL@ J=D9L=< HJG:D=E 9F< H9JLA;A

(232) H9FLK 9J= 9KC=< LG AF<A;9L= L@J== ;@GA;=K 9DO9QKKGE=LAE=KF=N=J G> @GO L@=Q >==D L@= O9Q <=K;JA:=< 1@= KME K;GJ=K J9F?= >JGE LG OAL@ 9 @A?@ N9DM= AF<A;9LAF? :=LL=J K=D> H=J;=AN=< GJ9D @=9DL@ L;@AKGF 9F< !GD9F +MLJALAGF9D KL9LMK O9K E=9KMJ=< :Q L@=

(233) AL=E *AFA

(234) +MLJALAGF9D K

(235) K=KKE=FL *+ 1@= *+ ;GFL9AF=< 9 KM:KL9FLA9D ;GEHGF=FL G> 9FL@JG

(236) HGE=LJA; E=9KMJ=E=FLK 9K O=DD 9K KM:K;9D=K >GJ <A=L9JQ :=@9NAGJ ?=F=J9D 9KK=KKE=FL 9F< KM:B=;LAN= @=9DL@ "9;@ AL=E AF *+ ;9F @9N= LOG GJ L@J== GJ >GMJ HGKKA:D= ;@GA;=K $MA?GR 1@= GEGJ:A<ALQ @=;CDAKL O9K MK=< LG 9KK=KK L@= HJ=K=F;= G> ;@JGFA; ADDF=KK=K AF;DM<AF? EQG;9J<A9D AF>9J;LAGF 9F?AF9 @=9JL >9ADMJ=K GL@=J @=9JL <AK=9K= @QH=JL=FKAGF <A9:=L=K 9JL@JALAK KLJGC= DMF? <AK=9K= NAKAGF HJG:

(237) .

(238) D=EK @=9JAF? HJG:D=EK -9JCAFKGFU K <AK=9K= @AH >J9;LMJ= 9F< ;9F;=J$MJ9DFAC "9;@ AL=E @9K LOG ;@GA;=KQ=K FG 9F< O= KME MH L@= K;GJ=K G> L@= AL=EK G>. GEGJ:A<ALQ. @=;CDAKL 0ME. AK <=FGL=< L@= LGL9D K;GJ=. G> GEGJ:A<ALQ @=;CDAKL -GDQH@9JE9;Q GH=J9LAGF9DDQ <=SF=< 9K L@= FME

(239) :=J G> E=<A;9LAGFK L9C=F O9K 9KK=KK=< :Q 9 E=<A;9LAGF J=NA=O 0M:B=;LK O=J= 9KC=< O@=L@=J ;MJJ=FLDQ L@=Q @9N= L9C=F 9FQ HJ=K;JAHLAN= GJ GN=J

(240) L@=

(241) ;GMFL=J E=<A;9LAGFK 9F< A> KG LG K@GO L@= AFL=JNA=O 9DD L@=K= E=<A;9LAGFK 1@= LGL9D FME:=J G> E=<A;9LAGFK O9K LJ=9L=< 9K 9 ;GFLAFMGMK N9JA9:D= !=HJ=KKAN= KQEHLGEK O=J= E=9KMJ=< :Q L@=

(242) AL=E $=JA9LJA; !=HJ=K

(243) KAGF 0;9D= $!0 F< =9;@ AL=E AF $!0 9J= LOG HGKKA:D= ;@GA;=K Q=K FG >GJ H9JLA;AH9FLK %=J= 0ME! AK MK=< LG := L@= LGL9D K;GJ= >GJ $!0 2KAF? 9 ;MLGZ K;GJ= G> GJ 9:GN= L@= K;9D= AK K=FKALAN= 9F< KH=;AS; >GJ <A9?FGKAF? <=HJ=KKAGF AF L@= =D<=JDQ 5=K9N9?= #MF;LAGF9D KL9LMK O9K E=9KMJ=< :Q L@=

(244) AL=E "F>GJ;=< 0G;A9D !=H=F

(245) <=F;Q 0;9D= "0!0 1@= "0!0 E=9KMJ=K H@QKA;9D 9F< KG;A9D ;GEH=L=F;= -@QKA;9D ;GEH=L=F;Q AF;DM<=K KAP 9;LANALA=K =9LAF? <J=KKAF? O9DCAF? LJ9N

(246) =DAF? :9L@AF? 9F< LGAD=LAF? 0G;A9D ;GEH=L=F;= AF;DM<=K @GE= OGJC 9F< J=;J=9LAGF9D 9;LANALA=K 9F< ;GEEMFA;9LAGF 0ME" AK <=FGL=< L@= KME K;GJ= G> "0!0 L@= KME K;GJ=K J9F?= >JGE LG OAL@ @A?@=J K;GJ=K J=T=;LAF? ?J=9L=J <=H=F<=F;Q 09LAK>9;LAGF OAL@ KMHHGJL O9K E=9KMJ=< :Q L@= KM:K;9D= G> 0G;A9D 0MH

(247) HGJL .M=KLAGFF9AJ= 0@GJL #GJE 00.0# &F ;GEEGF KALM9LAGFK KM:B=;LK O=J= 9KC=< LG DAKL MH LG FAF= H=GHD= O@G ;GMD< := ;GMFL=< GF FME:=J K;GJ= 9F< KH=;AS=< GN=J9DD <=?J== G> K9LAK>9;LAGF K9LAK>9;LAGF K;GJ= 1@=J= 9J= .

(248) AL=EK AF 00.0# 9F< =9;@ AL=EK ;9F := KAP GJ FAF= HGKKA:D= ;@GA;=K >GJ =D<=J LG 9KC %=J= 0ME0 AK L@= LGL9D K;GJ= G> 00.0# AL=EK.

(249) . #<)<1;<1+)4 5-<07,;. !9L9 O=J= 9F9DQR=< MKAF? *HDMK N=JKAGF 4= MK=< >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK LG ;GFKLJM;L L@= MF<=JDQAF? KLJM;LMJ=K G> *+ 9F< $,%& #9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK K==CK LG <AK;GN=J L@= G:K=JN=< AL=EK G> *+ 9F< $,%& LG := =PHD9AF=< D9J?=DQ AF L=JEK G> 9 EM;@ KE9DD=J FME:=J G> >9;LGJK 1QHA;9D >9;LGJ 9F9DQ

(250) KAK AK >GJ ;GFLAFMGMK E=9KMJ=< N9JA9:D=K 0AF;= *+ 9F< $,%& AL=EK 9J= ;9L=?GJA;9D ;9L=?GJA;9D N=JKAGF G> >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK AK MK=< #GJ ;9L=?GJA;9D G:K=JN=< N9JA9:D=K L@= DA9:ADALQ L@J=K@GD< EG<=D AK MK=< O@A;@ HGKLMD9L=K L@= =PAKL=F;= G> 9F MFG:K=JN=< ;GFLAFMGMK N9JA9:D= 9F< 9 K=L G> L@J=K@GD<K 1@=J= 9J= LOG LQH=K G> >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK O= SJKL MK=< =PHDGJ9LGJQ >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK "# LG <=L=JEAF= L@= FME:=J G> >9;LGJK 9F< ;GFKLJM;L @QHG

(251) L@=LA;9D ;9L=?GJAR9LAGF G> E=9KMJ=< AL=EK $=F=J9DDQ KH=9CAF? O= K@GMD< DAC= LG K== 9 H9LL=JF G> DG9<AF?K KM;@ L@9L =9;@ AL=E DG9<K @A?@DQ GF 9 KAF?D= >9;LGJ 9F< @9K KE9DD

(252) LG

(253) EG<=J9L= DG9<AF?K GF L@= J=E9AFAF? >9;LGJK /GL9L=< DG9<AF?K ;9F =N9DM9L= LG SF< 9 E=9FAF?>MD AFL=JHJ=L9LAGF G> L@= GJA?AF9D <9L9 %=J= O= <A< HJGE9P JGL9LAGF O@A;@ AK 9KKME=< LG := ;GJJ=

(254) D9L=< 9EGF? L@= >9;LGJK 4= L@=F MK=< ;GFSJE9LGJQ >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK # LG N=JA>Q L@= ;9L=?GJAR9LAGF <=L=JEAF=< :Q "# 1@= >9;LGJ 9F9DQKAK >GJ *+ 9F< $,%& @9K L@J== KL9?=K L L@= SJKL KL9?= O= MK= "# LG <=L=JEAF= L@= FME:=J G> >9;LGJK L@9L 9J= F==<=< LG =PHD9AF L@= ;GJJ=D9LAGFK 9EGF? G:K=JN=< *+ 9F< $,%& AL=EK J=KH=;

(255) .

(256) LAN=DQ >L=J <=;A<AF? L@= FME:=J G> >9;LGJK L@= K=;GF< KL9?= MK=<. # LG. KH=;A>Q L@= J=D9LAGFK@AHK 9EGF? >9;LGJK 9F< <=L=JEAF= @GO L@= >9;LGJK OADD := E=9KMJ=< L SF9D KL9?= KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF EG<=DAF? 0"* O9K MK=< LG :MAD< MH L@= J=D9LAGFK@AHK :=LO==F *+ >9;LGJK 9F< $,%& >9;LGJK 4= 9DKG 9<< KGE= ;GN9JA9L=K ?= $=F<=J "<M;9LAGF 0ME +ME:=J G> E=<

(257) A;9LAGFK 0ME! 0ME" 9F< 0ME0 AFLG 0"* EG<=D LG 9<BMKL >GJ HGKKA:D= ;GF>GMF<AF? =Z=;LK >GJ L@= J=D9LAGF :=LO==F FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ &F *HDMK AL HJGNA<=< KGE= SL AF<A;=K O=A?@L=< JGGL E=9F KIM9J= J=KA<M9D 4/*/ L@= 1M;C=J

(258) )=OAK &F<=P1)& L@=. GEH9J9LAN= #AL &F

(259). <=P #& 9F< L@= JGGL E=9F KIM9J= =JJGJ G> 9HHJGPAE9LAGF /*0" %M 9F< =FLD=J KM??=KLK L@= >GDDGOAF? SL AF<=P ;MLGZ N9DM= ?MA<= >GJ ?GG< EG<=DK OAL@ ;GFLAFMGMK GML;GE=K. . 0AEMD9LAGF KLM<A=K AF 5M 9F< *ML@[F KM??=KL L@9L L@=K= ;ML GZ N9DM=K 9J= J=9KGF9:D= 9DKG >GJ ;9L=?GJA;9D GML;GE=K 5M 9F< *ML@[F KM??=KLK # >GJ ?GG< EG<=DK OAL@ ;GFLAF

(260) MGMK 9K O=DD 9K OAL@ ;9L=?GJA;9D GML;GE=K 4= MK=< L@=K= ;JAL=JA9 LG BM<?= O@=L@=J 9 ?GG< EG<=D SL O9K G:L9AF=<. . "-;=4<; $0- ,-;+:18<1>- )6)4A;1;. 1OG @MF<J=< >GJLQ L@J== =D<=JK H9JLA;AH9L=< AF L@= IM=KLAGFF9AJ= 1@=Q O=J= 9:D= LG HJGNA<= ;GEHD=L= <9L9 GF 9DD N9JA9:D=K G> AFL=J=KL 9F< LG 9FKO=J. .

(261) IM=KLAGFK -9JLA;AH9FLKU E=9F KL9F<9J< <=NA9LAGF 9?= O9K 1@= ;@9J9;L=JAKLA;K G> L@= KLM<Q HGHMD9LAGF 9J= J=HGJL=< AF 19:D= 1@= E=9F K;GJ=K KL9F<9J< <=NA9LAGF G> 0ME 0ME" 9F< 0ME0 O=J= 9F< #GJ 0ME! MK=< 9 ;MLGZ K;GJ= G> GJ 9:GN= J=HGJL=< K;GJ=K :=DGO &FALA9DDQ L@=J= O=J= =A?@L==F G:K=JN=< AF<A;LGJK AF *+ !M= LG GF= GJ EGJ= R=JG ;=DDK KG O= <=D=L=< L@J== N9JA9:D=K AF<=H=F<=FL DANAF? + HJ=KKMJ= KGJ= + EA<

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

(263) KMJ=E=FL 9F< KLJM;LMJ9D EG<=D L=KLAF? %=F;= KH=9JE9F ;GJJ=D9LAGF AK ;9D;MD9L=< LG =P9EAF= L@= ;GJJ=D9LAGF :=LO==F =9;@ H9AJ G> GJ9D @=9DL@ 9F< FMLJALAGF9D GML;GE=K J=KH=;LAN=DQ 1@= ;GJJ=D9LAGF ;G=Y;A=FLK G> KH=9JE9F ;GJJ=D9LAGF L=KL 9J= >GJ , 9F< , >GJ , 9F< , >GJ , 9F< , >GJ , 9F< , >GJ , 9F< , >GJ , 9F< , >GJ + 9F< + L@= J=KMDLK @9N= K@GOF KLJGF? HGKALAN= ;GJJ=D9LAGFK :=LO==F .

(264) LOG G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK K== 19:D= 9F< 19:D= .

(265). @847:)<7:A .)+<7: )6)4A;1; )6, +76C:5)<7:A .)+<7: )6)4A;1;. L SJKL O= MK= "# LG <=L=JEAF= L@= FME:=J G> >9;LGJK >GJ L@= AL=EK G> $,%& 9F< *+ J=KH=;LAN=DQ %GO=N=J <=L=JEAFAF? L@= GHLAE9D FME

(266) :=J G> >9;LGJK LG =PLJ9;L AK FGL 9 KLJ9A?@L>GJO9J< L9KC KAF;= L@= <=;AKAGF AK MDLAE9L=DQ KM:B=;LAN= 1@= (9AK=J ;JAL=JAGF O@A;@ O9K HJGHGK=< :Q (9AK=J AF J=L9AFK GFDQ >9;LGJK OAL@ =A?=FN9DM=K ?J=9L=J L@9F GF= 9F< AL AK HJG:9:DQ L@= GF= EGKL OA<=DQ MK=< &F GMJ GJ9D @=9DL@ <9L9 MKAF? L@AK ;JAL=JAGF O= OGMD< J=L9AF L@J== >9;LGJK &F "# LOG

(267) >9;LGJ SLK L@= <9L9 OAL@

(268)

(269) OAL@ ') 3 9%/8( 9F< L@J==

(270) >9;LGJ SLK L@= <9L9 OAL@

(271) OAL@ ') 39%/8(

(272)

(273) 9F< 1@= ;@A

(274) KIM9J= L=KL G> EG<=D SL AK FGF

(275) KA?FAS;9FL AF<A;9LAF? L@9L L@= FMDD @QHGL@=KAK L@9L L@= EG<=D SLK L@= <9L9 ;9FFGL := J=B=;L=< L@= EG<=D SLK L@= <9L9 O=DD DL@GM?@ LOG

(276) 9F< L@J==

(277) >9;LGJ KG

(278) DMLAGFK AF<A;9L=< 9 ?GG< SL :=LO==F <9L9 9F< EG<=D SF9DDQ O= KH=;AS=< L@= FME:=J G> >9;LGJK LG := LOG K== #A?MJ= D

(279) L@GM?@ L@= L@J==

(280) >9;LGJ EG<=D SLK L@= <9L9 AK :=LL=J L@9F LOG

(281) >9;LGJ EG<=D L@=J= 9J= LOG G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK , 9F< , O@A;@ @9N= F=?9LAN= J=KA<M9D N9JA9F;=K 1@=GJ=LA;9DDQ KM;@ KALM9LAGF KM??=KLK L@9L LGG E9FQ >9;LGJK 9J= :=AF? =PLJ9;L=< KG O= ;GMD< 9;;=HL L@= KGDMLAGF >GJ GF= D=KK >9;LGJ GJ FGL MK= L@=K= N9JA9:D=K :Q *HDMK <AK;MKKAGFK 1@=J=>GJ= O= MK= LOG >9;LGJK. .

(282) AFKL=9< G> L@J== >9;LGJK >GJ $,%& 0=;GF<DQ O= H=J>GJE. # LG ;GFSJE 9F< ?=L L@= KA?FAS;9F;= G> >9;

(283). LGJ DG9<AF?K AF "# 9F< O= OGMD< ?AN= L@= F9E=K >GJ =9;@ >9;LGJ :9K=< GF KA?FAS;9FL DG9<AF?K 1@= AL=EK KA?FAS;9FLDQ DG9<=< GF L@= SJKL >9;

(284) LGJ #9;LGJ 9J= DAEAL L@= >GG< , LJGM:D= :ALAF?;@=OAF? , KO9D

(285) DGO ;GE>GJL9:DQ , =9L OAL@GML <AK;GE>GJL , @9HHQ OAL@ DGGCK G> L==L@?MEK<=FLMJ=K N9JA9:D= , 1@=K= AL=EK 9J= GJ9DDQ HJ=K=FL=< 9F< J=IMAJ= H@QKA;9D >MF;LAGF 1@=J=>GJ= L@AK >9;LGJ E9Q := F9E=<W -@QKA;9D >MF;LAGFAF? G> GJ9D @=9DL@W 1@= K=;GF< >9;LGJ #9;LGJ AK A<=FLAS=< :Q L@= >GDDGOAF? AL=EK HJ=N=FL >JGE KH=9CAF? , DAEAL ;GFL9;LK OAL@ GL@=JK , MK= E=< LG J=DA=N= H9AF , OGJJA=< GJ ;GF;=JF=< OAL@ GJ9D HJG:

(286) D=EK , >==D F=JNGMKK=D>

(287) ;GFK;AGMK , MF;GE>GJL9:D= =9LAF? AF HM:DA; , ?MEL==L@ K=FKALAN= LG @GL;GD<KO==LK , *GKL G> L@=K= AL=EK @9N= 9 ;GEEGF >=9LMJ= AF L@=E L@=K= N9JA9:D=K 9J= ;GF;=JF=< GF L@= K=D>

(288) AE9?= KG L@AK >9;LGJ E9Q := F9E=<W 0G;A9D >MF;LAGFAF? G> GJ9D @=9DL@WK== #A?MJ= >GJ GJ9D @=9DL@ <9L9 1@AK O=DD . # EG<=D SLK L@= GJ9D @=9DL@ <9L9.

(289) #

(290) . # J=KMDLK 9DKG K@GO L@9L L@= ;GJJ=D9LAGF :=LO==F #9;LGJ 9F< #9;LGJ O9K KL9LAKLA;9DDQ KA?FAS;9FL #A?MJ= %=F;= AL ;GMD< =PHD9AF L@9L L@= H@QKA;9D >MF;LAGF ;GMD< 9Z=;L L@= KG;A9D >MF;LAGF G> GJ9D @=9DL@ *GJ=GN=J >GJ FMLJALAGF <9L9 >GMJ

(291) >9;LGJ EG<=D SLK LG <9L9 AK :=LL=J L@9F L@J==

(292) >9;LGJ EG<=D L@J==

(293) >9;LGJ SLK L@= <9L9 OAL@ OAL@ ')

(294) 39%/8( 9F< >GMJ

(295) >9;LGJ SLK L@= <9L9 OAL@

(296) OAL@ ') 39%/8( 9F<

(297) .

(298) :ML O= GFDQ L9C= L@J== >9;LGJK 4@=F SLLAF? >GMJ

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

(300) AK FGL KA?FAS;9FLDQ DG9<=< GF # 1@= K=;GF< >9;LGJ # @9K SN= AL=EK AF;DM<AF? *& + E=<K + >==<AF? EG<=@=DH OAL@ =9LAF? + K=D> NA=O G> @=9DL@ + ;9D> ;AJ;ME>=J=F;= + AL >G;MK GF VL@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ 9HHJ9AK9D W %=J= L@= + 3 9%/8(

(301) 9F< + 3 9%/8( AL=EK 9J= FGL KA?FAS;9FLDQ DG9<=< GF L@= # 1@= SF9D >9;LGJ # @9K >GMJ AL=EK AF;DM<AF? EG:ADALQ + <=HJ=KKAGF<=E=FLA9 + >JMALN=??A= AFL9C= + TMA< AFL9C= + 9F< AL AK AFL=JHJ=L=< 9K VL@= <A=L9JQ :=@9NAGJ 9HHJ9AK9DW K== #A?MJ= >GJ FMLJALAGF <9L9 1@AK ;GFSJE9LGJQ L@J==

(302) >9;LGJ EG<=D G> *+ =P;DM<AF? + + 9F< + <AKHD9Q=< L@= ?GG<F=KKXG> X SL E=9KMJ=K 9K >GDDGOK . . # K E=FLAGF=< 9:GN= L@= ;GJJ=D9LAGFK 9EGF? L@GK= >9;LGJK AL ;GMD< K@GO KGE= HGL=FLA9D J=D9LAGFK@AHK 1@= E=9KMJ=E=FL EG<=D K@GOK L@= =KLAE9L= G> ;GJJ=D9LAGFK 9EGF? >9;LGJK KA?FAS;9FLDQ 9K ADDMKLJ9L=< AF #A?MJ= &F GMJ K=FK= L@= AEH9;L G> L@= <A=L9JQ :=@9NAGJ GF L@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@ AK E9BGJ >9;LGJ 9F< L@= ?=F=J9D .

(303) @=9DL@ @9K AFTM=F;=< :Q L@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@. . $0- ;<:=+<=:)4 -9=)<176 57,-4. &F 9<<ALAGF LG "# 9F<. # O= MK= *HDMK LG SL KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF. EG<=DK L@9L >=9LMJ= ;9MK9D J=D9LAGFK@AHK 9EGF? D9L=FL N9JA9:D=K >9;LGJK 1@= #A?MJ= :=DGO K@GOK 9 KLJM;LMJ9D =IM9LAGF EG<=D >GJ LOG AF<=H=F

(304) <=FLK #9;LGJ 9F< #9;LGJ 9K ;9MK=K G> L@J== <=H=F<=FLK # # 9F< # &L @9K K@GOF L@= 0"* EG<=D SL EGKL G> G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK ;GJJ=KHGF<

(305) AF? LG L@=AJ >9;LGJK 9J= KA?FAS;9FL =P;=HL + + 9F< + 1@= H@QKA;9D >MF;LAGF #9;LGJ AFTM=F;=K L@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ # 3 9%/8( 9F< L@= KG;A9D >MF;LAGF #9;LGJ 9Z=;LK LOG 9<<ALAGF9D >9;LGJK L@= FM

(306) LJALAGF9D @=9DL@ # 3 9%/8(

(307) 9F< L@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ # 3 9%/8( 1@=F #A?MJ= HJ=K=FLK L@= 0"* EG<=D 9>L=J 9<

(308) BMKLAF? >GJ ?= $=F<=J "<M;9LAGF 0ME +ME:=J G> E=<A;9LAGFK 0ME! 0ME" 9F< 0ME0 *GKL G> G:K=JN=< AF<A;9LGJK AF L@=AJ >9;LGJK 9J= KA?FAS;9FL =P;=HL + + + 9F< + 2F>GJLMF9L=DQ L@=J= 9J= FG KA?FAS;9FLDQ ;9

(309) KM9D J=D9LAGFK@AHK 9EGF? L@GK= FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ >9;LGJK %GO=N=J L@=J= O=J= KGE= KA?FAS;9FL 9KKG;A9LAGFK :=LO==F FMLJALAGF9D >9;LGJK 9F< JAKC =Z=;LK 9K K@GOF AF 19:D= >GJ AFKL9F;= 9?= 9Z=;LK L@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@ # 9F< L@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ # L@= AFTM=F;= G> ?=F<=J GF L@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@ # 9F< L@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ # 9J= KA?FAS;9FL 0ME! GFDQ 9Z=;L L@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@ # 9F< 0ME" OADD 9Z=;L L@= ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ # 9F< L@= <A=L9JQ :=@9NAGJ >9;LGJ # 1@= FMLJALAGF9D @=9DL@ # 9F< L@= <A=L9JQ :=@9NAGJ # 9J= AFTM=F;=< :Q 0ME0 .

(310) GEH9JAF? LOG 0"* EG<=DK 19:D= HJ=K=FLK L@= SL AF<A;=K LG L@= <9L9 G> LOG EG<=DK OAL@ GJ OAL@GML 9<BMKLAF? >GJ JAKC >9;LGJK 1@= ;@A

(311) KIM9J= L=KLK G> GN=J9DD EG<=D SLK 9J= KL9LAKLA;9DDQ KA?FAS;9FL >GJ :GL@ EG<

(312) =DK L@=Q KM??=KL L@9L L@= LOG EG<=DK E9Q F==< KGE= EG<AS;9LAGF :=>GJ= L@=Q SL L@= <9L9 O=DD %GO=N=J :GL@ N9DM=K G> /*0" 9J= O=DD :=DGO L@= J=;GEE=F<=< ;MLGZ L@9L AF<A;9L=K ?GG< EG<=D SL KG O= KLADD ;GF

(313) KA<=J L@9L L@=K= LOG EG<=DK SL L@= <9L9 O=DD &L AK AFL=J=KLAF? LG SF< L@9L L@= ;9MK9D J=D9LAGFK@AHK :=LO==F FMLJALAGF9D >9;LGJK 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ >9;LGJK <AK9HH=9J=< 9>L=J 9<BMKLAF? >GJ A<=FLAS=< JAKC >9;LGJK 1@= ;GF>GMF<AF? =Z=;LK E9Q := G;;MJJ=< <M= LG 0ME! 0ME" 9F< 0ME0 DKG ?= AK AE

(314) HGJL9FL ;GEHGF=FL :=;9MK= GD<=J H=GHD= @9N= FMLJALAGF 9F< GJ9D @=9DL@ J=D9L=< HJG:D=EK. . 1;+=;;176. !AK;MKK L@= SL AF<A;=K 0AF;= L@= ;@A

(315) KIM9J= L=KL AK K=FKALAN= LG K9EHD= KAR= KM;@ L@9L D9J?= K9EHD=K G>L=F J=LMJF KL9LAKLA;9DDQ KA?FAS;9FL ;@A

(316) KIM9J= N9DM=K 9F< FGF

(317) FGJE9DALQ AF L@= AFHML N9JA9:D=K *HDMK 9DKG HJGNA<=K L@= /*0" KL9LAKLA; 1@= /*0" AK FGL 9K K=FKALAN= LG D9J?= K9EHD= KAR=K 09EHD= KAR= @9K 9DKG :==F K@GOF LG := 9 HJGEAF=FL >9;LGJ L@9L 9Z=;LK L@= H=J>GJE9F;= G> EG<=D SL AF<A;=K =;9MK= G> GMJ K9EHD= KAR= O= <GFUL <AK;MKK L@= SL AF<=P 0/*/ O@A;@ ;ML GZ <G=K FGL OGJC O=DD OAL@ KE9DD K9EHD= KAR=K G> L@AK 9JLA;D= ;MLGZ N9DM= ;DGK= LG >GJ 4/*/ AK KMAL9:D= MF<=J EGKL .

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

(319) 0)8<-: $% (## " %$ %$"$ $ . 6<:7,=+<176. 0LM<Q FMLJALAGF AK AEHGJL9FL :=;9MK= L@= FMLJALAGF AK C=Q HGAFL >GJ @GK

(320) HAL9DAR=< =D<=JDQ H9LA=FLKU ?=F=J9D @=9DL@ *9FQ KLM<A=K AF<A;9L=< L@9L L@= ;G?FALAGF FMLJALAGF 9F< >MF;LAGF <=L=JAGJ9L= KL=9<ADQ <MJAF? @GKHAL9DAR9

(321) LAGF 9F< KM;@ KA?FAS;9FLDQ 9Z=;L ;DAFA;9D GML;GE=K >GJ =D<=J H=GHD= 1@= HMJHGK= G> L@AK 9JLA;D= AK LG G:K=JN= L@= ;@9F?=K G> FMLJALAGF9D KL9LMK >GJ @GKHAL9DAR=< =D<=J H9LA=FLK 1@MK O= >G;MK GF L@= FMLJALAGF9D KL9LMK 9F< KGE= J=D9L=< JAKC >9;LGJK %=J= FMLJALAGF AK E=9KMJ=< :Q EMDLAHD= AF<A;9LGJK -J=NAGMK KLM<Q MK=K. .