迎合檢疫規範之水苔雜草種子清除技術

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(1)߆ӝᔠࣝೕጄϐНऱᚇ૛ᅿηమନ‫ೌמ‬ ླྀᚕ1ǵ৪ల๭2ǵᎄӼ‫ذ‬3ǵླྀᝰ๮4 ᄔा ጷጸើࢂᆵ᡼ख़ा‫޸ޑ‬ыբ‫ނ‬ǴЬाਭ୻ϟ፦ࣁНऱǴ౜Ϟςё‫ޔ‬ௗ஥ϟ፦ ѦᎍᐞࢪǴՠ຾α‫ޑ‬Нऱϣத஥Ԗᚇ૛ᅿηǴନΑӧਭ୻ය໔ว޵೷ԋᆅ౛όߡǴ Ψёૈ཮೷ԋѦᎍਔ‫ޑ‬ᔠࣝምᛖǶҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐҞ‫ࣁޑ‬௖૸ԖਏఠྐНऱϟ፦ύόӕ ᚇ૛ᅿηϐ዗Нೀ౛НྕϷਔ໔Ǵ٠ჴӦԿጷጸើਭ୻཰‫ޣ‬ೀ຾ՉᏹբǴፓࢗ዗ Нೀ౛ࡕ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ғߏ௃‫׎‬Ƕ၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢа዗Нೀ౛Нऱϟ፦ǴૈԖਏఠྐᐩЈ ૛(ᐩЈ૛ࣽ)ǵНဩ૮(ಮ૛ࣽ)ǵН⬮(⬮ࣽ)฻ᚇ૛ᅿηࢲ‫܄‬ǶԶ‫޸๋ޑࣽل‬रጴ ሡाၨߏ‫ޑ‬዗Нೀ౛ਔ໔ǴωૈԖਏఠྐ၀ᜪᅿηࢲ‫܄‬Ǵ‫ޣ཰ܭ‬ೀ຾Չϐ၂ᡍҭ Ԗ࣬՟‫่݀ޑ‬Ƕ. ߻‫!ق‬ ጷጸើࢂᆵ᡼ख़ा‫޸ޑ‬ыբ‫ނ‬Ǵ࿶ၸӚࣚӭԃ‫ޑ‬ոΚǴӧғౢ‫ೌמ‬ᆶࠔ ᅿബཥ΢೿Ԗ፵ྦྷ‫ޑ‬ԋ݀Ǵό໻՞୯ϣើ޸ғౢय़ᑈᆶౢॶ‫ ޑ‬80%а΢Ǵӕਔҭ ࢂനε‫ޑے‬Ѧᎍ޸ыǶԾ 2005 ԃଆǴऍ୯ǵу৾εǵᗬ୯฻୯ৎഌុӕཀᆵ᡼ ጷጸើள஥ਭ୻ϟ፦ᒡᎍ၀୯(ഋᆶࡼǴ2005)Ǵ2010 ԃ‫׳‬ԋфᕇளᐞࢪǵફՋើ ӕཀߕ஥ਭ୻ϟ፦ᒡрǴӆബጷጸើѦᎍٚำ࿞Ǵԋࣁಃ΋ঁᐞࢪ๏ϒԜࡑၶ‫ޑ‬ ୯ৎǶฅԶ೽ҽ཰‫ޣ‬ϐጷጸើࣧਭϟ፦ύ೏ᔠᡍр஥ԖࢲΚϐᚇ૛ᅿηǴ೷ԋр αᔠࣝค‫ݤ‬໩ճ೯ᜢǵࣗԿ᏾‫ץ‬೤ᘕ೏ᐞࢪଏӣǴᝄख़ᆵ᡼ጷጸើѦᎍǶࣁှ، ጷጸើᒡᐞ‫ߔڙ‬ୢᚒǴٛᔠֽӭԛᆶᐞࢪ྽ֽፋղ‫פ‬൨ှ،ϐၰǴ٠‫ૼہ‬ҁ൑຾ Չࣴ‫ز‬၂ᡍǴаයૈၲԋᆵǵᐞᚈБ೿ૈᇡёϐᚇ૛ᔠࣝ኱ྗᆶբ཰ࢬำǶ. ᜢᗖӷǺጷጸើǵНऱǵᚇ૛ Additional index words: Phalaenopsis, Sphagnum, Weeds! ϭ. ᆵࠄ୔ၭ཰‫ؼׯ‬൑շ౛ࣴ‫ز‬঩. Assistant Researcher, Tainan DARES ၭᙂ࿿ࠄ୔ϩ࿿ፐ঩.Officcer, Southern District of Agriculture and Food Agency 3 ᆵࠄ୔ၭ཰‫ؼׯ‬൑ࣴ‫ز‬঩ঋբ‫ނ‬ᕉნፐፐߏ.Researcher and Head of Division of Crop and Environment, Tainan DARES. 4 ᆵ ࠄ ୔ ၭ ཰ ‫ ؼ ׯ‬൑ ࣴ ‫ ز‬঩ ঋ բ ‫ ؼ ׯ ނ‬ፐ ፐ ߏ .Researcher and Head of Division of Crop Improvement, Tainan DARES 2. 39. !.

(2) ▍1 ▍104年花卉推動小組成果展示會專刊. ‫׷‬਑ᆶБ‫ݤ‬ ਥᏵٛᔠֽ 100 ԃϐൔ֋ǴඵճϷύ୯εഌ຾αϐНऱύǴ֨஥‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿᜪ ೿аᐩЈ૛ࣽᐩЈ૛ឦᅿηനӭǴԜѦҭԖว౜‫ࣽل‬ǵಮ૛ࣽǵ⬮ࣽ฻ᚇ૛ᅿηǶ ೭٤ᚇ૛ᅿηନӧਭ୻ය໔ว޵೷ԋᆅ౛όߡǴΨёૈ཮೷ԋѦᎍਔ‫ޑ‬ᔠࣝምᛖ (კ 1)Ǵҁ൑௦Ҕ዗Нೀ౛БԄ௖૸ྕࡋᆶਔ໔ჹఠྐᚇ૛ᅿηࢲ‫܄‬ϐਏ݀Ƕ ΋ǵ዗Нೀ౛၂ᡍ (΋) ዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋϷਔ໔ჹఠྐᐩЈ૛ࣽᚇ૛ᅿηϐቹៜ ԾଯհӦ୔ԏ໣ᐩЈ૛ᅿη଺ࣁ‫ٮ‬၂‫׷‬਑ǶஒᐩЈ૛ᅿη‫׫‬Ε 60ǵ70ǵ80 ʚࡡྕ዗Нύϩձೀ౛ 10ǵ20ǵ30 ϩដࡕǴ‫ڗ‬рᅿηᅿ෌‫ܭ‬းԖНऱϐ 2.5 ә ೸ܴ༟ጤ೬ࣧύǴፓࢗᅿηว޵౗Ƕ (Β) ዗Нೀ౛ჹఠྐόӕࣽձᚇ૛ᅿηϐቹៜ ԏ໣ѤᅿН૛ϟ፦ύத֨஥ϐᚇ૛ᅿηǴϩձࣁᐩЈ૛ࣽᐩЈ૛(Juncus effuses)ǵಮ૛ࣽНဩ૮(Kyllinga brevifolia)ǵ⬮ࣽН⬮(Polygonum hydropiper)ǵ ‫޸๋ࣽل‬रጴ(Medicago sativa)Ǵஒ‫ځ‬хᙟ‫ܭ‬ϿໆНऱύǴኳᔕ֨஥ᚇ૛ᅿηϐ Нऱ༧ǶஒхԖᅿηϐНऱი༧࿶80ʚ዗Нϩձೀ౛10-30ϩដࡕǴஒᚇ૛ᅿη ‫ڗ‬рᅿ෌ᢀჸࡕុว޵౗Ƕ Βǵᗙ᝗዗Нೀ౛ а 5 ϦАးНऱ༧ࣁ‫׷‬਑ǴஒᐩЈ૛(ᐩЈ૛ࣽ)ǵНဩ૮(ಮ૛ࣽ)ǵН⬮(⬮ ࣽ)ǵ๋޸रጴ(‫)ࣽل‬ᅿη࿼‫ܭ‬ᆛ೓ϣхᙟ‫ܭ‬Нऱ༧ύǴ٠Կᆵࠄѱ‫ޑ‬ើ༜຾Չᗙ ᝗዗Н၂ᡍǶ ೀ౛ࢬำࣁ:ӃஒНऱ༧‫׫‬Εᗙ᝗ύӆЇΕ 85ʚ዗НǴࡑ዗НֹӄᙟᇂНऱ༧ ࡕ໒‫ۈ‬ीਔ 30 ϩដǶ‫ٿ‬ԛ዗Нೀ౛ၸำύǴ೿а෇࣒ࠠዟྕࡋीෳໆНऱ༧Ѧ ൎϷύЈྕࡋᡂϯǴϐࡕ௨௞዗НЇΕհН٠ᔒᓸНऱ༧а௨р዗਻Ϸᚇ፦ǴԜ ‫؁‬ᡯख़ፄ 2-3 ԛࡕ௨௞հН٠ᓸଳНऱ༧Ƕ‫ڗ‬рНऱύ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηᅿ‫ܭ‬೸ܴ༟ጤ ೬ࣧύǴ࿼‫ܭ‬ҁ൑ጷጸើྕ࠻ᢀჸᚇ૛ᅿηว޵௃‫׎‬Ƕ. ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ ΋ǵ዗Нೀ౛၂ᡍ (΋)዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋϷਔ໔ჹఠྐᐩЈࣽᚇ૛ᅿηϐቹៜ ᐩЈ૛ᅿη࿶όӕ዗НྕࡋϷਔ໔ೀ౛ࡕϐว޵౗Ǵа80ʚೀ౛നեࣣࣁ0 ʘǴԶ60ʚೀ౛10ǵ20ǵ30ϩដϐᅿηว޵֡ၲ70%а΢Ǵ70ʚೀ౛10ǵ20ǵ30 ϩដϐว޵౗ऊࣁ2-3%(߄1ǵკ1)Ƕว޵౗ᒿ዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋϷਔ໔ቚуԶΠफ़Ǵ ߻Γࣴ‫ز‬ҭࡰр዗Нೀ౛ё‫ڋ׭‬ᚇ૛ᅿηว޵(ᎄ฻Ǵ2006)Ǵҁ၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢ዗ Н࡭ុೀ౛10ϩដǴջૈԖਏఠྐᐩЈ૛ࣽ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηǴ፾‫ޑە‬዗Нྕࡋࣁ80 ʚǶ (Β) ዗Нೀ౛ჹఠྐόӕࣽձᚇ૛ᅿηϐቹៜ хᙟ‫ܭ‬Нऱύ‫ޑ‬όӕࣽձᚇ૛ᅿηǴ࿶ 80ʚ዗Нೀ౛ 10-30 ϩដࡕᅿ෌इᒵ. 40.

(3) ว޵௃‫׎‬Ǵ၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢ 80ʚ዗Нೀ౛ 10 ϩࡕǴхᙟ‫ܭ‬Нऱύ‫ޑ‬ᐩЈ૛(ᐩЈ૛ ࣽ)ǵНဩ૮(ಮ૛ࣽ)ǵН⬮(⬮ࣽ)฻ᚇ૛ᅿηว޵౗ࣣࣁ 0ǹԶ๋޸रጴ(‫)ࣽل‬ ᅿη߾ሡа 80ʚ዗Нೀ౛ၨߏਔ໔Կ 30 ϩដǴωૈֹӄ‫ځڋ׭‬ว޵(߄ 2)Ƕ ߻Γࣴ‫ࡰز‬рᡂྕೀ౛ǵᡶϩ଍ნǵНҽወ༈฻Б‫ࣣݤ‬ёԖਏ‫ڋ׭‬ᚇ૛ᅿη ว޵(ሆᆶߠǴ2010ǹChandran and Singh, 2000)Ǵ዗Нೀ౛ҭૈ௓‫ڋ‬ᚇ૛(ሆᆶߠǴ 2010)Ƕҁԛ၂ᡍύᗨฅ࿶80ʚ዗Нೀ౛10ϩដࡕǴᐩЈ૛(ᐩЈ૛ࣽ)ǵНဩ૮(ಮ ૛ࣽ)ǵН⬮(⬮ࣽ)ᅿηջค‫ݤ‬ว޵Ǵՠ๋޸रጴ(‫)ࣽل‬ᅿη߾ሡ‫ߏۯ‬ਔ໔Կ30ϩ ដǴωૈԖਏఠྐ၀ᜪᅿηࢲ‫܄‬ǶᡉҢఠྐόӕࣽձᚇ૛ᅿη‫܌‬ሡϐ዗Нచҹό ᅰ࣬ӕǶ ਥᏵҁ၂ᡍ่݀Ǵࡌ᝼፾‫ޑە‬዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋϷਔ໔ࣁ80ʚǵ30ϩដǴၨૈዴ ߥֹӄఠྐНऱϟ፦ύၨऐଯྕೀ౛‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηǶ Βǵᗙ᝗዗Нೀ౛ ߻൳ԛᗙ᝗዗Н၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢ:хᙟ‫ܭ‬Нऱ༧ύЈ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿη࿶ᗙ᝗዗Нೀ ౛ࡕǴᐩЈ૛ࣽǵಮ૛ࣽϷ⬮ࣽ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηջค‫ݤ‬ว޵Ǵՠ‫ࣽل‬ᚇ૛ᅿηϝ‫ڀ‬Ԗ ว޵ૈΚ(კ3)Ƕ၂ᡍၸำύइᒵᢀჸ‫ډ‬Нऱ༧ύЈՏ࿼ྕࡋѝԖ72-75ʚค‫ݤ‬ၲ 80ʚǴԶਥᏵ߻ॊ၂ᡍ่݀:‫ࣽل‬ᚇ૛ሡ80ʚ዗Нೀ౛30ϩដωૈఠྐ‫ځ‬ᅿηࢲ ‫߄(܄‬2)ǴНऱ༧ύЈྕࡋค‫ݤ‬ၲ80ʚ‫ޑ‬চӢǴ௢ෳࢂҗ‫ܭ‬ᡏᑈၸε‫ڙ‬዗όѳ֡ ϐࡺǶ ࣁዴᇡНऱύЈၨᜤу዗‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴঅ҅၂ᡍӃஒ 5 ϦАНऱ༧ჹъѳϪࡕ‫ܫ‬ Εᚇ૛ᅿηǴӆ‫ܫ‬຾ᗙ᝗ύЇΕ 85ʚ዗НǴ่݀ନНऱ༧ύЈՏ࿼ёၲ‫ ډ‬80ʚ ѦǴྕࡋ΢ϲ‫ޑ‬ೲࡋҭԖܴᡉගଯǴࡑНऱ༧ύЈྕࡋၲ 80ʚࡕीਔೀ౛ 30 ϩ ដǶ࿶߻ॊೀ౛ࡕǴхᙟ‫ܭ‬Нऱ༧ύ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηᅿ෌ࡕࣣค‫ݤ‬ว޵Ǵ᛾ܴНऱ༧ ѳϪࡕу዗ਏ݀ၨӳǴёԖਏఠྐНऱύᚇ૛ᅿηࢲ‫܄‬Ǵхࡴၨऐଯྕϐ‫ࣽل‬ᚇ ૛Ƕ ҁࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᡉҢНऱ࿶ 80ʚ዗Ну዗ 30 ϩដࡕёԖਏٛЗᚇ૛ғߏǴՠ೽ ϩၨऐଯྕϐᚇ૛ᅿηǴёૈ཮ӢНऱ༧ၸε‫ڙ‬዗όѳ֡Զค‫ֹݤ‬ӄఠྐǶࣁԖ ਏٛ‫ݯ‬ጷጸើਭ୻ϟ፦ϣϐᚇ૛ᅿηǴࡌ᝼ӃஒНऱ༧Ϫъࡕӆ຾Չ዗Нೀ౛Ƕ. ่ፕ ҁ൑࿶၂ᡍࡕςዴҥૈఠྐᚇ૛ᅿηࢲ‫܄‬ϐ዗Нೀ౛చҹǴ٠ჴӦԿើ༜࿶዗Н ᗙ᝗຾Չӭԛ၂ᡍǴࡌҥѦᎍጷጸើНऱϟ፦ೀ౛ϐ኱ྗբ཰ࢬำ(SOP)Ǵ၁ಒ ࢬำӵკ 2 ‫܌‬Ң: Нऱ༧ѳϪԋ‫ٿ‬ъ‫ܫ‬Εᗙ᝗=>ЇΕऊ 85ʚ‫ޑ‬዗НԿᗙ᝗ύ=>ዴᇡ዗Нֹӄᙟᇂ Нऱ༧ЪНऱྕࡋၲ 80ʚ=>࡭ុೀ౛ 30 ϩដ=>௨௞዗Н=>ЇΕհН٠ᔒᓸН ऱ༧а௨р዗਻Ϸᚇ፦=>ЇΕհН‫؁‬ᡯख़ፄ 2-3 ԛ=>௨௞հН=>аΒ਼ϯෛ‫܈‬ հН੆‫>=ݰ‬ᓸଳНϩ٠аᠳ܏ᐒᠳණ Ԝբ཰ࢬำёఠྐНऱύε೽ϩ‫ޑ‬ᚇ૛ᅿηǴԖਏှ،Ѧᎍᔠࣝ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒЪБ. 41.

(4) ▍1 ▍104年花卉推動小組成果展示會專刊 ߡ཰‫ޣ‬ᏹբǴς‫ܭ‬Ϟԃᕇᐞࢪᇡё٠ᛝ‫ڐۓ‬ऊǴΥᆵ᡼рαϐጷጸើ࿶Ԝೀ౛ࡕ ջё஥ϟ፦໩ճѦᎍᐞࢪǴ‫ܗ‬৖ጷጸѦᎍཥѱ൑Ƕ. ୖԵЎ᝘ 1. 2. 3. 4.. ഋનถǵࡼ٫ֻǶ2005Ƕᆵ᡼ጷጸើߕ஥ਭ୻Н૛ࣧਲ਼-ӄౚ२‫ٯ‬ԋфᒡᎍ ऍ୯Ƕ ᆵ᡼޸ы༜᛬ДтǶ210Ǻ24-27Ƕ ሆܲҖǵߠߎВǶ2010ǶྕࡋǵНϩϷᡶϩ଍ნჹᔭΘ૛(Poa supine Schrad.) ᅿηว޵ϐቹៜǶύ๮҇୯ᚇ૛Ꮲ཮཮тǶ31Ǻ13-24Ƕ ᎄӼ‫ذ‬ǵླֻྀϘǵ‫॔௵׵‬Ƕ2006Ƕᇃ਻੃ࢥϷྕНೀ౛ӧբ‫্ੰނ‬΢ϐᔈҔǶ ಄ӝӼӄၭ཰ϐੰ্ٛ‫ݯ‬ཥ‫ೌמ‬Ƕࣴ૸཮஑тǺ217-237Ƕ Chandran, R.S. and M. Singh. 2000 . Depletion of an artificial weed seed bank during the dormant period via heating and subsequent chilling of soil. HortSci. 35:1092-1094.. Study on Weeds seed Control of Sphagnum Medium for Meeting Quarantine Requirement Yang Yang, Shu-Jing Hsu, An-Xiu Zheng, and Ai-Hua Yang , Abstract Phalaenopsis is an important floral crop in Taiwan, and the major cultural medium is sphagnum moss. Now phalaenopsis plants can be directly exported to Australia with sphagnum moss. But there are often weeds seeds in imported sphagnum moss. Seeds generating during culturing will be difficult to manage, and it will also be a export quarantine problem. This research is going to study the treatment time and temperature of hot water treatment to kill weeds seeds in sphagnum moss effectively. This work would also be practiced in phalaenopsis producer’s greenhouse, detecting the weeds growth condition after hot water treatment. Results showed that seeds activity of Juncus effuses(Juncaceae), Kyllinga brevifolia(Cyperaceae), and Polygonum hydropiper(Polygonaceae) could be killed effectively after hot water treatment. And seeds activity of Medicago sativa(Fabaceae) could be killed after longer hot water treatment. There was also a similar results of experiment practiced in the producer’s greenhouse. . 42.

(5) კ 1. ጷጸើࣧਭϣᚇ૛ғߏ௃‫׎‬ Fig 1. Current situation of weeds growth in potted Phalaenopsis. ߄ 1. ዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋᆶਔ໔ჹᐩЈ૛ᅿηว޵౗ϐቹៜ Table 1. Effect of watert heating temperature and heating time on germination of Juncus effuses Treatment 60ʚ 70ʚ 80ʚ. Germination rate (%) 10 min. 20 min. 30 min. 79.33 2.00 0.00. 70.25 3.50 0.00. 72.67 2.25 0.00. 43.

(6) ▍1 ▍104年花卉推動小組成果展示會專刊. კ 2. ዗Нೀ౛ྕࡋᆶਔ໔ჹᐩЈ૛ᅿηว޵ϐቹៜ Fig. 2. Effect of water heating temperature and heating time on germination of Juncus effuses. ߄ 2. 80ʚ዗Нೀ౛ਔ໔ჹНऱύᚇ૛ᅿηว޵౗ϐቹៜ Table 2. Effect of 80ʚwater heating time on germination of weeds seeds in sphagnum moss Plant species Juncus effuses Kyllinga brevifolia Polygonum hydropiper Medicago sativa. Germination rate (%) 10 min. 20 min. 30 min. 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00. 44.

(7) კ 3. ࿶ᗙ᝗዗Нೀ౛ࡕϐᚇ૛ᅿηว޵௃‫׎‬ Fig. 3. Weed seeds germination after heating by boiler. კ 4.຾αНऱϐࡌ᝼ೀ౛ࢬำ Fig. 4. Suggesting standard operating procedure (SOP) of imported sphagnum moss ! ! !. 45.

(8)