National Sun Yat-sen University Institutional Repository:Item 987654321/31291

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

基於 Linux 的個人通訊控制的即時作業系統之設計(I)

計畫類別： 個別型計畫 計畫編號： NSC91-2213-E-110-028- 執行期間： 91 年 08 月 01 日至 92 年 07 月 31 日 執行單位： 國立中山大學資訊工程學系(所) 計畫主持人： 林俊宏 報告類型： 精簡報告 處理方式： 本計畫可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 93 年 2 月 3 日

Չࡹଣ୯ৎࣽᏢہ঩཮஑ᚒࣴزीฝԋ݀ൔ֋

!

୷ܭ Mjovy ޑঁΓ೯ૻ௓ڋޑջਔբ཰س಍ϐ೛ी)J*!!

The Design of Real-Time Operation System of Personal

Communication Control Based on Linux (I)!

ीฝጓဦǺOTD:2!3324.F.221.139!

୺Չයज़Ǻ:2 ԃ 9 Д 2 ВԿ :3 ԃ 8 Д 42 В!

Ь࡭ΓǺ݅ߪֻ!!!୯ҥύξεᏢၗૻπำᏢس

!

ीฝୖᆶΓ঩Ǻহሎ։ǵ݅অጎǵ஭ల๩ǵᑵ໋৥!

! ΋ǵύЎᄔा! ! ! _{ӧࡕঁΓႝတਔжǴࣁᅈى҂ٰ 3/6H Ϸ} 4H คጕ೯ૻ܌஥୏ϐӚᜪՉ୏Ԅ୍ܺሡ؃Ǵ ၗૻৎႝᆶঁΓ೯ૻౢ཰ஒԋࣁ҂ٰၗૻࣽ מว৖ϐЬाว৖ሦୱǶඵችࠠЋ࡭Ԅး࿼ ᆶคጕᆛၡး࿼฻࣬ᜢౢࠔǴࣁЬाޑ࣬ᜢ ᆛၡ୍ܺޑౢࠔǶٯӵǺคጕᆛၡᘏڗᗺ! (Access point)ǵঁΓᒿيշ౛!(PDA)аϷځ д࠼ЊᆄޑᔈҔး࿼ǶၗૻৎႝЬाࢂࡰڀ ഢᆛၡೱጕфૈ٠ЪૈᆶځѬး࿼Ҭඤၗ ਑ǵೀ౛ૻ৲ޑ஑Ҕၗૻ೯ߞౢࠔ֡ёᆀࣁ ၗૻৎႝǶၗૻৎႝӧ҂ٰቨᓎᆛၡаϷค ጕ೯ߞמೌวၲޑ௃ݩΠǴҺՖᆛၡး࿼೿ ёޔௗ܈໔ௗೱ่΢ᆛሞᆛၡǴᙖҗᆛၡᔈ ҔำԄٰᇿ௓ځдᆛၡး࿼ٰ໔ௗᘉкф ૈǶ! ԜीฝޑҞ኱ӧܭว৖ঁΓ೯ૻ௓ڋϐ ջਔբ཰س಍Ǵ၀բ཰س಍ගٮঁΓ೯ૻౢ ࠔ໒วΓ঩΋ঁ୷ҁޑ໒วᕉნǶ၀բ཰س ಍ᆅ౛܌Ԗ೬ᡏᆶฯᡏၗྍǴගٮᆛၡᆶᔞ ਢس಍฻࣬ᜢфૈ๏΢ቫᔈҔำԄ٬ҔǶᙖ җගٮԜ໒วᕉნǴ໒วঁΓ೯ૻౢࠔ࣬ᜢ Γ঩ߡёа஑ݙܭ೯ૻౢࠔфૈޑว৖ᆶ೛ ीǶӧԜीฝύךॺа Linux ਡЈ 3/5/29 ࣁ ೬ᡏբ཰س಍໒วѳѠǴԶฯᡏ߾а MIPS ࢎᄬޑ Toshiba TX5:38 ว৖݈ࣁ໒วѳѠǶ! ! ᜢᗖຒǺঁΓ೯ૻǵջਔբ཰س಍ǵLinuxǵ MIPS! ! Abstract

The goal of this project is developing a real-time operation system for personal communication. It provides an essential development environment for the developer of the personal communication. The operation system manages all the resources of software and hardware and it provides the related functions of network and file system for application. By providing such environment, the developers can focus on the development and design of the personal communication capability. In this project, we develop the operation system base on Linux kernel 2.1.18 and Toshiba TX4927 reference broad which is MIPS architecture. ! คፕࢂၗૻৎႝ܈ࢂঁΓ೯ૻౢࠔǴځ ܌౐ੋޑ࣬ᜢ୷ҁמೌх֖Αջਔ൪ΕԄس ಍᏾ӝǵᆛၡ೯ૻڐۓᆶᆛၡᔈҔำԄ฻Ƕ ܌ᒏջਔж߄ޑཀကࢂȹջਔϸᔈȹǴջਔ բ཰س಍ڀԖҥջϸᔈԶЪόૈᡣрၗྍޑ ੝܄Ƕ೭ᜪջਔ൪ΕԄس಍ޑ੝܄ࢂؒԖѦ ௗޑ႟ଛҹǵڀԖ੝ۓޑфૈǵ৒ᑈλǵᛙ ۓ܄மǵफ़եౢࠔԋҁޑ੝ᗺǶس಍೬ᡏޑ ೛ीᆶೕჄ໪ঋ៝΢ॊޑ੝܄ԶࣴวǶ! ӧԜ஑ᚒीฝύǴךॺ௦Ҕ Linux 3/5/29 ਡЈࣁس಍೬ᡏ໒วѳѠǴԶฯᡏ߾ а Toshiba TX5:38 ว৖݈ࣁ໒วѳѠǶа Linux[1]ࣁس಍໒วѳѠЬाޑᓬᗺࣁځ໒ ܫচۈዸޑ੝܄ᆶமεޑᆛၡфૈǶ!

Keywords: Personal Communication,

Real-time Operation System, Linux, MIPS

(΋)!໒ܫচۈዸǺ! Linux ޑࢎᄬࢂ٩Ᏽ UNIX س಍ԶٰǴӢ Ԝ Linux Ψ܍᠍Α UNIX மεޑᆛၡфૈǶ ӢԜǴ෧ϿΑ೯ૻౢࠔ໒วΓ঩ӧ໒วᆛၡ ࣬ᜢำԄޑॄᏼǶ໒วΓ঩ѝሡा஑ݙܭᆛ ၡᔈҔำԄޑኗቪǴҗ Linux س಍ගٮᆛၡ фૈ୍ܺǶ! Linux ஒس಍ਡЈচۈዸϦ໒Ǵس಍໒ว Γ঩೿ёа٩Ᏽౢࠔ੝܄Ծҗޑуаঅׯǵ ණթǶԜѦǴLinux ਡЈаኳಔϯޑᢀۺ೛ ीǴᡣس಍໒วΓ঩ࡐ৒ܰ٩Ᏽౢࠔ੝܄ቚ ෧фૈǶ! җܭ Linux চۈዸ໒ܫޑ੝܄Ǵ໔ௗޑ ೷ԋ Linux բ཰س಍ޑځдᓬᗺǴٯӵǺ! Ԝ஑ᚒीฝЬाҞ኱ӧܭගٮ໒วঁΓ ೯ૻس಍΋ঁ୷ҁޑ೬ฯᡏ໒วᕉნǶ၀ᕉ ნගٮ୷ҁᆛၡ೯ૻфૈǴаϷගٮس಍໒ วΓ঩຾΋؁ޑ໒วځдᆛၡ೯ૻфૈǶԜ Ѧ၀س಍ҭ಄ӝջਔ൪ΕԄس಍࣬ᜢ੝ᗺǶ! ! (2)!ᔈҔ೬ᡏ౲ӭǺ! Ծҗ೬ᡏШࣚനεޑ੝Յ൩ࢂᔈҔ ೬ᡏӭǴ໒วΓ঩ёа৒ܰޑཛྷ൨٠٬ ҔǶε೽ϩޑ೬ᡏӭҗ໒วΓ঩٩੝ۓ Ҟޑ܌໒วрٰǶӢԜǴ΋٤೽ϩதـ ޑᔈҔำԄࣣԖ౜ԋޑচۈዸёٮ໒ว Γ঩ୖԵᔈҔǴ෧Ͽ໒วၸำύޑၗྍ ᆶਔ໔Ƕ໒วΓ঩ѝሡ஑ݙӧౢࠔ੝ਸ ޑфૈ΢ޑ໒วǶ! ! Οǵჴբᆶ૸ፕ! ! ! ! Ԝ஑ᚒीฝЬाޑҞޑࢂගٮ΋ঁঁΓ ೯ૻ௓ڋޑջਔբ཰س಍Ƕ၀բ཰س಍ගٮ ᆅ౛܌Ԗ೬ฯᡏၗྍǵ௓ڋ΋૓ฯᡏϟय़ \9^ǴٯӵǺᆛၡϟय़ǵFlashROM[3][4][6][7] ฻฻Ƕ٠ගٮᆛၡфૈ୍ܺǶനಖ၀س಍ග ٮ΋ঁӵӕ΋૓ঁΓႝတޑ୷ҁᏹբϟय़Ǵ Ъ಄ӝ൪ΕԄس಍ڀԖ੝ۓޑфૈǵᆒᙁޑ س಍ਡЈ฻੝܄Ƕ! ! (3)!ၠѳѠᆶЍජӭ໨ฯᡏϟय़Ǻ! Linux ୷ܭ Intel!497!ᐒᏔԶ೛ीǶ ฅԶᒿ๱ᆛၡޑණթᆶӚԄӚኬޑሡ؃ ෢౜Ǵ೚ӭس಍໒วΓ঩ठΚܭӚԄѳ Ѡޑ౽෌Ǵ೷ԋΑ Linux ёаӧ!x97ǵ MIPSǵARMǵStrong ARMǵMotorola!79k ฻฻ѳѠ΢ၮբǶӢԜ௦Ҕ Linux բ཰ س಍ёаע׳ӭޑฯᡏѳѠયΕԵໆޑ ጄൎǶӢԜǴ෧Ͽس಍໒วΓ঩ޑॄᏼǴ س಍໒วΓ঩ѝሡाଞჹ੝ۓޑฯᡏϟ य़᏾ӝǶ! ӧ൪Εس಍໒วύౢࠔфૈᆶฯᡏѳѠ ޑ੝܄Ǵޔௗቹៜ Linux ਡЈޑঅׯǶҗܭ ၀ฯᡏѳѠ Toshiba TX5:38 ѝගٮ FlashROM բࣁӸڗၗ਑ޑး࿼ǴӢԜس಍ Ӹڗฯᅷޑ࣬ᜢ୏բࣣ໪ᙯ౽ԋჹ FlashROM ளӸڗ୏բǶځύх֖΋૓ᔞਢ ޑӸڗǵRoot ᔞਢس಍ޑӸڗǵਡЈቹႽޑ Ӹڗ฻฻Ƕ! ӄౚԖคኧޑس಍໒วΓ঩٬Ҕ Linux س಍բࣁځౢࠔޑس಍໒วѳѠǴӢԜǴԖ คኧޑس಍໒วΓ঩ୖᆶس಍ Linux ਡЈޑ ׯ຾ǵନᒱǵෳ၂Ƕ೭ኬޑᕉნచҹΠ೷൩ Αᛙۓࡋଯޑ!LinuxǶΨӢԜ௦Ҕ Linux ਡ ЈёаᡣךॺୖྣӵԜ౲ӭޑس಍໒วΓ঩ ޑඵችࢎᄬрךॺ୷ҁޑس಍ࢎᄬǶᡣךॺ ઠӧ Linux ѮΓޑުᆮว৖מೌǶ! ! ӧԜ஑ᚒीฝύԖΟঁЬाޑว৖Б ӛǶ! )΋*!FlashROM ӸڗᆶೕჄǶ! ! ! ! )Β*ᆛၡфૈமεǺ! _{Figure 1ǺFlashROM ϐೕჄ!}

! ӵ Figure1 ܌ҢǴᙖҗϩപ FlashROM ԋ ѤঁӸܫόӕфૈޑᅶᅷ୔ୱǴஒόӕቹႽ ᔞܫΕόӕޑϩപ୔ǴаБߡஒٰس಍ᆢ ៈǶٯӵǺ۳ࡕाගٮཥޑᔈҔำԄਔǴѝ ሡाঅׯ Root File System ϩപ୔ύޑၗ ਑ǴӢԜӧჴሞ׳ཥޑ୏բѝሡाᙟᇂ Root File System ύၗ਑όሡाঅׯځѬޑϩപ୔ ୱǶԶ PMON فՅ൩ӵӕ BIOSǴբฯᡏ࣬ ᜢޑ߃ۈϯ୏բǶځύಃΟޑϩപ୔ MTD4 Ьाගٮ΋ঁё᠐ቪޜ໔๏ᔈҔำԄ٬ҔǴ ӸܫᔈҔำԄ࣬ᜢޑ೛ۓॶǶځᔞਢ਱Ԅ٩ ൪ΕԄس಍ޑ੝܄ǴٯӵǺޔௗᜢᐒӧ΋૓ س಍Π೏ຎࣁό҅தޑᜢᐒՉࣁǶՠӧ൪Ε Ԅس಍း࿼ǴԜՉࣁࣁ҅தޑᜢᐒኳԄǶӢ ԜǴ൪ΕԄس಍ύ܌٬Ҕޑᔞਢ਱Ԅሡࣁ JFFS[5]ǵJFFS3 ܈๱ EXT4 ฻਱Ԅޑᔞਢس ಍ǶԜᜪВᇞԄᔞਢس಍(journaled filesystem)! ೛ीҔٰ྽س಍วғᆙ࡚ޑ٣ҹਔǴӵό҅ தᜢᐒǴёа׳זೲޑࡠൺس಍Ǵ٠অൺᒱ ᇤǶВᇞԄᔞਢس಍ᆢៈ΋ᅿ੝ਸޑᔞਢћ ଺Вᇞ( log or journal )Ǵ؂྽ᔞਢس಍Ԗ׳ཥ ਔǴ࣬ᜢޑঅׯ୏բߡ཮इᒵӧ၀ВᇞύǶ ӵ݀س಍วғࡺምਔǴӧس಍ख़໒ᐒਔǴس ಍ङඳำԄ཮Ծ୏ਥᏵВᇞޑϣ৒ஒ׳ཥޑ ୏բፄᇙډᔞਢس಍ύǶВᇞύόֹ᏾ޑ׳ ཥ୏բ཮ޔௗ௭కόҔǴᙖԜߥ᛾س಍ၗ਑ ޑ΋ठ܄Ƕ࣬ჹܭځдᔞਢس಍ၗ਑΋ठ܄ ޑᔠࢗᆶख़໒س಍ਔӣӸس಍ᔞਢ܌઻຤ޑ ਔ໔ǴВᇞԄᔞਢس಍܌ሡޑਔ໔ᇻϿܭځ дᔞਢس಍Ƕ! (3)!ޔௗӸڗ! ᙖҗس಍ਡЈޑጓ᝿ᆶԾՉ໒วޑ ำԄϟय़Ǵၗ਑ޑӸڗόаᔞਢޑᢀۺ բӸڗǴԶޔௗа Raw-write ޑБԄஒ ၗ਑ቪΕϩപ୔ǶԜБԄЬाගٮஒٰ Ԗཥޑ Linux Kernel ܈ PMON ा଺׳ཥ ਔ٬ҔǶ!

)Β*!ࡌ೷λࠠ Root File SystemǶ!

΋૓Զق root file System Ѹ໪х֖Ѝජ ֹ᏾ Linux س಍ၮբ܌ሡޑ؂΋ঁ໨ҞǶࣁ Αૈ୼ၲԋ೭ঁҞޑǴ೭஭ᅶТѸ໪хࡴૈ ᡣ!Linux!س಍ၮբന୷ҁޑሡ؃Ƕ!

୷ҁޑᔞਢس಍ࢎᄬǺ!

୷ҁҞᒵǺ!/dev, /proc, /bin, /etc, /lib, /usr, /tmpǶ!

୷ҁπڀำԄǺ!sh, ls, cp, mv, etc.Ƕ! ୷ҁಔᄊ೛ۓᔞǺ rc, inittab, fstab, etc.Ƕ!! ೛ഢᔞǺ/dev/hd*, /dev/tty*, /dev/fd0, etc.Ƕ! Runtime ڄԄ৤аගٮπڀำԄ܌٬Ҕϐ୷ ҁڄԄ!

ฅԶǴჹܭ൪ΕԄس಍ԶقǴ࿶җ΋૓ БԄ܌ౢғޑ Root File System imageǴځᔞ ਢελჹ൪ΕԄس಍ԶقࣣϼၸܭᚳεǶӢ Ԝሡाуаঅׯа಄ӝा؃ǶӧԜךॺᙖҗ busybox[2]س಍໒วำԄٰᇙ೷΋ঁ಄ӝ൪ ΕԄس಍ा؃ޑ Root File SystemǶ!

BusyBox ࣁ΋πڀ೬ᡏǴҔٰࡌ೷಄ӝ ൪ΕԄس಍ᕉნޑ Root File SystemǴBusybox ගٮ΋ঁ໒ᐒ܌ሡޑ೽ϩำԄаڗж໺಍ GUN/Linux ܌ණթޑᚳεڮз௓ڋπڀǶЪ Busybox ёٮس಍໒วޣ٩س಍ޑሡ؃ᇸ᚞ ޑуаঅׯǴஒόѸाޑ೽ϩմନǴ٬ளำ ԄޑനλϯǴа಄ӝ൪ΕԄس಍ޑሡ؃Ƕ Busybox ճҔ multi-call executable file ޑמ ೌǴஒᔞਢᕭ෧ډനλǶ! ԜѦǴჹܭ FlashROM ޑӸڗБԄ٩ᔈҔ ำԄሡ؃ޑόӕǴځӸڗБԄϩࣁٿᅿόӕ ᐒڋǶ! (2)!೸ၸᔞਢس಍! ᙖҗس಍ਡЈޑጓ᝿ᆶᕉნୖኧޑ ೛ۓǴஒ FlashROM ΢ޑᡄᒠϩപ୔೸ ၸᔞਢ਱Ԅ௠ၩډس಍ύǶၗ਑ޑӸڗ ࢂаᔞਢޑᢀۺբӸڗǶԜБԄЬाග ٮᔈҔำԄӸڗ΋٤Ѹाޑၗ਑Ƕ! BusyBox!ಔӝ೚ӭ UNIX ޑᔈҔำԄԋ ࣁ΋ঁλࠠޑё୺ՉำԄǶдගٮΑᙁϯၸ ޑᔞਢ࣬ᜢޑᔈҔำԄᆶ shell ᕉნޑᔈҔำ ԄǶԶ೭٤ BusyBox ܌ගٮޑᔈҔำԄǴځ ёᒧ᏷೛ۓޑ೽ϩၨ΋૓ޑᔈҔำԄϿǶ

BusyBox ගٮ൪ΕԄس಍΋ঁ࣬྽ֹ᏾ޑ POSIX ᕉნϟय़ǶBusyBox ࢂа

size-optimization ᆶ limited resources ࣁ໒ว ЬाୖԵӢનǶԜѦǴBusyBox ࢂаኳಔϯ ೛ीޑᢀۺֹԋǶ٬ளᕉნ໒วޣёаࡐ৒ ܰޑჹځ܌ගٮޑфૈբཥቚᆶմ෧ޑ୏ բǶ! )Ο*!Linux ໒ᐒ೽ϩǶ! ӢԜǴس಍ਡЈ௴୏ሡх֖൳ঁ೽ϩǶ ಃ΋ǵBIOS ำԄǴբฯᡏ߃ۈϯ୏բǴٯӵǺ ૶ᏫᡏޑᔠࢗǶಃΒǵLinux Kernel imageǴ ٮ໒ᐒၩΕำԄ܈ BIOS ၩΕ૶ᏫᡏǶಃΟǵ Root File System imageǴٮس಍ਡЈ௠ၩǶ!

ӧฯᡏѳѠ΢ᕉნԵໆΠǴሡஒ΢ॊޑ ΟঁำԄܫΕ FlashROM аֹԋ௴୏ࢬำǶ ӢԜǴाӧԜฯᡏѳѠ௴୏ Linux ሡբаΠ ޑঅׯǺ! (2)!ጓ᝿ਡЈ٬၀ਡЈЍජ࣬ᜢޑ FlashROM း࿼Ǻ! ᙖԜ؁ᡯ٬ਡЈ௴୏ਔёаᒣᇡ၀ FlashROM း࿼຾Զჹ၀း࿼բၗ਑ޑӸڗǶ! (3)!ጓ᝿ਡЈ٬ਡЈЍජ RamDisk ࣬ᜢ ᐒڋǺ! RamDisk Ьाᢀۺӧ૶Ꮻᡏύߥ੮΋༧ ୔ୱǴаٮس಍ஒ Root File System image ၩ Ε٠уаၮҔǶаس಍ᢀᗺԶقǴس಍ஒ၀ ୔ୱຎࣁ΋ঁᅶᅷǴ࣬ჹᔈޑӸڗ୏բࣣӵ ӕᅶᅷ΋૓ǶԜᐒڋЬाࣁᇶշ೬ᅷᐒ໒ᐒǶ! ᆕӝ΢ॊޑೕჄǴس಍ޑ௴୏ࢬำᡂ׳ ӵΠǺ! (2)!ႝྍ௴୏ࡕǴ୺Չ FlashROM ΢ޑ PMONǴբฯᡏޑ߃ۈϯǴځфૈӵঁΓႝ တύ BIOS ܌תᄽޑفՅ΋ኬǴ٠ஒ MTD2 ύޑ Linux kernel ၩΕ૶ᏫᡏǶ!

(3) ୺Չ Linux kernelǴLinux kernel ୺Չ ֹ࣬ᜢޑ߃ۈϯ୏բࡕǴߡډ MTD3 ஒ Root File System ၩΕ RamDisk ύǴ٠௠ၩӧس಍ ύǶ! )!4!* Linux kernel ֹԋ࣬ᜢޑ໒ᐒ୏բ ࡕǴஒ MTD4 а JFFS3 ᔞਢ਱Ԅ௠ၩډᔞਢ س಍ύǴٮᔈҔำԄբӸڗޑޜ໔Ƕ! ! Ѥǵԋ݀! ! ӧԜीฝύǴךॺᙖҗঅׯ೽ϩਡЈচ ۈዸٰඓ௓ FlashROM ޑӸڗ٠уаϩപೕ Ⴤ٠Ъঅׯ೽ϩ໒ᐒࢬำǴֹԋ᏾ঁس಍வ ໒ᐒډس಍௴୏ֹԋǶ! ԜѦǴᙖҗ BusyBox!໒ว೬ᡏࡌ೷рᔞ ਢس಍λޑ Root File SystemǴ٠ЪЍජس಍ ୷ҁᏹբǶ! നಖךॺԋфޑֹԋीฝޑҞޑǶԋф ޑஒ Linux ਡЈ᏾ӝ຾Ε Toshiba TX5:38 ޑ ฯᡏѳѠǴගٮᆛၡ࣬ᜢޑ୍ܺǶ٠Ъ಄ӝ ൪ΕԄس಍ޑཷۺǶ! ! ϖǵୖԵЎ᝘! !

[1] D.P. Bovet, M. Cesati, Understanding the Linux

Kernel. O’Relly, 2001.

[2] BusyBox,http://www.busybox.net/. [3] Chinese Linux Documentation Project,

http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/index.html. [4] Embedded Linux Consortium,

http://www.embedded –linux.org/.

[5] JFFS,http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/. [6] Linux HowTo,http://www.linux-howto.com/. [7] Memory Technology Device (MTD) Subsystem for

Linux,http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/.

[8] A. Rubini, J. Corbet, Linux Device Drivers. O’Relly, 2001.