˪㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹⬠↲˫ 2010 ⸜ 7 㚰炻䫔ḅ㛇炻枩 27-58
ġ
ᄔϽᑪҕωᏰਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᇄᏰਮᝯތġġ
ᓺ༖ᜰ߽Ϟंـġ
ġ 点 ⻝㔯㪲ˣ点点 劫䅦㔯ˣ点点点 ⻝冢昮ġġ
ᄢġ ौġ
ġ
㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ斄Ὢˤ㛔䞼䨞㍉婧㞍䞼䨞 㱽炻ẍ↮Ⰼ晐㨇㉥㧋㕡⺷㉥⍾⼘⊾䷋䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠ 627 ỵ㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞㭵佌橼炻䞼䨞ⶍ ℟䁢䞼䨞侭冒䶐䘬ˬ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧㞍⓷⌟˭忚埴婧㞍ˤ ䷥ℙ⚆㓞 528 ấ㚱㓰⓷⌟炻㚱㓰⓷⌟⚆㓞䌯忼 89炴ˤ吸普屯㕁ẍ㍷徘⿏䴙妰ˣt 㩊⭂ˣ ╖⚈⫸嬲䔘㔠↮㜸ˣ℠✳䚠斄⍲徸㬍⣂⃫徜㬠枸㷔䫱䴙妰㕡⺷忚埴↮㜸嗽䎮炻᷎䌚 农ᶳ↿䳸㝄烉炷1炸㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬堐䎦⛯Ⱄᷕᶲ䦳⹎烊炷2炸 䓟⿏ˣℤᷣả冯 12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳᷳ㔁ⷓ炻䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶庫Ἓ烊炷3炸䓟⿏ˣ ℤᷣảˣ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ冯⬠㟉㬟⎚ 20 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳᷳ㔁ⷓ炻䞍奢㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒ ⊊庫Ἓ烊炷4炸㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻㚱栗叿䚠斄⬀⛐烊炷5炸㔜 橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊℟㚱栗叿䘬妋慳ἄ䓐ˤ㚨⼴ὅ㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄炻㍸ ↢⺢嬘ὃ㔁做埴㓧ᷣ䭉㨇斄冯⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟⍫侫ˤ 斄挝娆烉㟉攟ˣ䞍嬀柀⮶ˣ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ ____________________ ġ ġ ġ ġ 点 ⻝㔯㪲烉⚳䩳㜙厗⣏⬠⚳㮹㔁做䞼䨞⌂⢓䓇 ġ ġ 点点 劫䅦㔯烉⚳䩳㜙厗⣏⬠㔁做埴㓧冯䭉䎮⬠䲣∗㔁㌰ 点点点 ⻝冢昮烉⚳䩳⎘⊿㔁做⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯䭉䎮䞼䨞⌂⢓䓇 暣⫸悝ẞ烉Runboy0423@yahoo.com.tw, fun5244@mail.ndhu.edu.tw 㓞ẞ㖍㛇烉2010.03.12烊ᾖ㓡㖍㛇烉2010.04.07烊㍍⍿㖍㛇烉2010.06.30 姣烉㬌䭯㔯䪈㓡⮓冒⻝㔯㪲⬠ỵ婾㔯Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation July, 2010, Vol. 9 pp. 27-58
The Study on Relationship between Principals’
Knowledge Leadership and School
Competitive Advantage of Elementary Schools
in Changhua County
点
Win-cheng Chang 点点Chi-Win Fan 点点点Tai-Loan Chang
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between principalsȽ knowledge leadership and school competitive advantage. Questionnaire is used for the research. Random sampling is collected from 627 teachers in elementary schools in Changhua county. Research instrument is elementary school principalsȽknowledge leadership and school competitive advantage survey questionnaire, edited by the researcher. 528 samples were valid and the rate of retrieve was 89炴. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation, and multiple regression Analysis indicates the following results. (1)The status quo of principalȽs knowledge leadership and competitive advantage are above average. (2)Male teachers, administrators, and teachers below 12 classes are better as a whole in principalȽs knowledge leadership. (3)Male teachers, administrators, teachers below 12 classes and teachers in schools with less than 20 years of history are overall better in school competitive advantage. (4)There are significant positive correlations between principalsȽ knowledge leadership and school competitive advantage. (5)PrincipalsȽ knowledge leadership can predict school competitive advantage. Based on the results of the study, some suggestions for educational administration agencies and principals are proposed.
Keywords: principle, knowledge leadership, school competitive advantage.
____________________
ġ ġ ġ ġ 点
Win-cheng Chang: Doctoral Student/Department Graduate institute of Compulsory Education, National Dong Hwa University
ġ ġ 点点
Chi-Win Fan: Associate professor/Department of Education Administration and Management, National Dong Hwa University
点点点
Tai-Loan Chang: Doctoral Student/Department of Education Management, National Taipei University of Education
E-mail: Runboy0423@yahoo.com.tw, fun5244@mail.ndhu.edu.tw
൦ȃᆱ፣ġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ 役⸜Ἦ晐叿ℐ䎫⊾㴒㼖⼙枧䫱⚈䳈ᷳᶳ炻ᶾ䓴⎬⚳䳃䳃慵夾⚳⭞䪞䇕≃炻᷎㍐ ≽㔁做㓡朑炻ẍΈ⮶⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬⽭天⿏炷⏛㶭Ⱉ炻2002a烊㜿⧱⤪炻2006炸ˤ䃉 婾⯙䐆℠䘬檀䫱㔁做㓡朑ˣ⽟⚳䘬枪⮾⣏⬠㕡㟰ˣ㱽⚳ 2005 ⸜㍐≽䘬˪屣晵㱽㟰˫ 炷Loi Fillon炸ẍ⍲伶⚳䘬˪2009 ⸜枸䬿➟埴妰䔓˫炻⛯⋩↮慵夾㍸⋯⬠䓇傥≃炻彶㍍ ℐ䎫䘬䪞䇕ン⊊炷㜿㯠寸炻2007烊㛙┇厗炻2006烊㜿屜伶ˣ∱岊ὲ炻2006烊U.S. Department of Education, 2008炸ˤ侴ㆹ⚳㓧⹄㨇㥳冯㮹攻⛀橼ḇ䓙 2002 ⸜崟映临㍐≽⣂崟徥㯪⬠ 㟉䷦㓰冯䪞䇕≃䘬㓧䫾炻㓡朑䘬㔜橼ℏ⭡炻⽆⭀㕡⇘㮹攻ˣᷕ⣖⇘⛘㕡炻䘮㨓嶐婚 䦳㓡朑ˣ㔁⬠⑩岒ˣ⬠㟉䳬䷼ˣ䳬䷼㔯⊾冯⬠㟉埴扟䫱朊⎹炷⻝㔯㪲炻2008炸ˤ䓙㓡 朑㬟䦳⎗䞍炻⎬䓴䳃䳃㛇㛃啱䓙ↅ倂ℙ嬀冯㓧䫾䘬⼊ㆸ炻ℵ德忶⬠㟉䘬䷦㓰徥㯪冯 ⋻崲ㆸ攟炻Ὣ忚㔁做⑩岒冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬㍸⋯ˤ大媢㚱ḹ烉ˬ㚱⾶㧋䘬㟉攟炻⯙㚱⾶㧋䘬⬠㟉˭炷As is the principal, so is the school炸炻⎗夳㟉攟柀⮶冯⬠㟉䳬䷼䘤⯽ᷳ⭮↯䦳⹎炻䈡⇍⛐⣂⃫㔯⊾䘬⼙枧ᷳᶳ炻 ⭞攟ˣ䣦⋨ˣ㔁ⷓ冯⍵䚩㈡⇌䘬倚枛⛐㟉⚺ᷕㆸ䁢ⷠン炻䎦Ṳ㟉攟柀⮶ⷠ暨朊冐 ⇘姙⣂嬲≽⚈䳈䘬堅㑲炻℞䴻䆇㟉⊁㗪⯽䎦䘬柀⮶㓰傥炻⮯㰢⭂⬠㟉䳬䷼䷦㓰炷劫 䅦㔯炻2002炸ˤ冯㬌⎴㗪炻⬠㟉ℵ┬䓐䞍嬀䭉䎮炻忚埴ㅱ䓐冯∝㕘炻⮵㕤㛒Ἦ䪞䇕⃒ ⊊冯㯠临䴻䆇㤝㚱⸓≑炷劫䅦㔯ˣ昛⫧䪡炻2009烊㗍㔯炻2002烊哉㖶廅炻2004炸炻 Ữ天㒜⯽䞍嬀⇑䓐䘬≇㓰炻⎒╖䲼ὅ月䞍嬀⿏䘬䭉䎮㗗ᶵ嵛⣈䘬炻圵⎰䳬䷼⬠佺ˣ 䳬 ䷼ ℙ ṓ 冯 ㆸ ⒉ ᾉ ả 䫱 ⃫ 䳈 ḇ 䚠 䔞 慵 天 炻 㬌 ⌛ 䈥 㴱 ⇘ 䞍 嬀 柀 ⮶ 炷 Knowledge leadership炸䘬嬘柴炷⼸㖴䓟炻2007炸炻䞍嬀柀⮶⛐䎦ẋ䳬䷼䘬慵天⿏㖍䙲㍸⋯炻⮵ 䳬䷼䘬䓇⬀冯䘤⯽朆ⷠ慵天炷CavaleriˣSeivert 炵 Lee, 2005炸ˤ 䃞侴⯙⚳ℏ役⸜Ἦ䞍嬀柀⮶ᷳ䞼䨞⯂⛐厴剥昶㭝炻⚳ℏ㚨㖑䲣䴙⿏䞼䨞䁢⏛㶭 Ⱉˣ湫㖕懆ˣ㰇ッ厗ˣ檀⭞㔴ˣ岜⋼⽿ˣ㜿Ἓ⭄ˣ昛Ṗ⏃炷2006炸憅⮵⚳⮷㟉攟䞍 嬀柀⮶㧉⺷ᷳ⺢㥳炻侴⚳⢾⇯军 2005 ⸜ㇵ㚱 Cavaleri 䫱Ṣẍ⮰㚠妶婾䞍嬀柀⮶⛐䳬 ䷼⃒⊊䘬⛘ỵ烊侴奨媠⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬䚠斄䞼䨞㔯䌣㊯↢炻㟉攟䘬柀⮶埴䁢⮵⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊䡢⮎㚱℞⼙枧炷㰒列⬷炻2008烊⻝㯠ṩ炻2008烊挦䁛晬炻2008炸炻Ữ⯙㟉攟 䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ⮎嫱䞼䨞彬Ṳ⌣㗗Ẁᷳ敽⤪ˤ䵄ᶲ徘炻⛐ℐ朊慵夾䪞 䇕⃒⊊䘬側㘗ᶳ炻⬠㟉㈖㺼叿斄挝奺刚炻幓䁢㟉攟㚜ㅱ娚㌴㎉䪞䇕⃒⊊⻟婧䃉⼊屯 㸸冯傥≃䘬䈡⿏炻┬䓐䞍嬀柀⮶炻⬴┬忚埴䫾䔍↮㜸冯⮎嶸炻ẍ⺢㥳⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 借㗗ᷳ㓭炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ憅⮵⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊斄Ὢ忚埴䞼䨞ˤ
➢㕤ᶲ徘≽㨇炻㛔䞼䨞䚖䘬⤪ᶳ烉ġ 炷ᶨ炸㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䎦㱩冯ⶖ䔘ˤġ 炷Ḵ炸㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ斄Ὢˤġ 炷ᶱ炸㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ枸㷔≃ˤġ
ຯȃМᝦଆġ
㛔䪈㖐⛐啱䓙㔯䌣䘬教嬨ˣ㔜䎮冯↮㜸炻㬠䲵↢䳸婾ẍἄ䁢⮎⽝䞼䨞䘬䎮婾➢ 䢶ˤℙ↮䁢ᶱ⮷䭨炻勚婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉ᶨˣ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷳシ㵝冯Ⰼ朊烊Ḵˣ⬠㟉䪞䇕 ⃒⊊ᷳシ㵝冯Ⰼ朊烊ᶱˣ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䚠斄⿏ˤΙȃਮߝޣᜋሴᏲϞཎొᇄቹ७ġ
䞍嬀柀⮶㗗ᶨ枭㕘冰䘬㍊妶嬘柴炻ᶵ⎴㕤ẍ⼨⁛䴙䘬䳬䷼䭉䎮䎮婾炻侴㗗⮯柀 ⮶⿅䵕䳸⎰䞍嬀䭉䎮炻忚侴Ὣ忚䳬䷼䘬䞍嬀䘤⯽ˤ⯙䞍嬀䭉䎮柀➇侴妨炻⺽⮶ㆸ⒉ ⤥䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬ⶍἄ炻㚱㓰䘬⮯栗⿏䞍嬀冯晙⿏䞍嬀䓊䓇䞍嬀坢㕳Ụ䘬Ḻ≽冯Ṍ 㳩炻⎴㧋㚱岜柀⮶傥≃䘬䘤㎖炻㬌⌛䞍嬀柀⮶⍿⇘慵夾ᷳ⛐炻Sallis 冯 Jones炷2002炸 ḇ娵䁢䞍嬀䭉䎮暨天ᶵ⎴䘬奨溆炻柀⮶奺刚䘬䘤㎖ㅱ⍾ẋ⁛䴙䘬䭉䎮⿅䵕炷䌳⤪⒚ˣ 湫㚰䲼嬗炻2004炸ˤ㛔㔯⍫侫⚳ℏ⢾䚠斄㔯䌣炷㣲朄⭄炻2006烊曾㵹炻2006烊⏛㶭 Ⱉ䫱Ṣ炻2007烊湫䑲楁炻2007烊㜿ㄞ枮炻2007烊⻝晭⥖炻2008烊岜⋼⽿炻2008烊Cavaleri 䫱Ṣ, 2005烊Hewlett, 2006烊Lakshman, 2007烊Sallis炵Jones, 2002烊Viitala, 2004炸炻⽆ 叿慵⮰㤕ˣ㤟㧉䘬㟠⽫≇傥ˣ屯妲冯⎰ἄ䘬䳬䷼䑘⠫ẍ⍲㍸⋯∝㕘冯⃒⊊䘬䚖㧁䫱炻 ℙᶱ枭奨溆㍸↢⭂佑炻娵䁢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䁢ˬ㟉攟䘤㎖⮰㤕柀⮶ἄ䁢炻㈖㺼䳪幓⬠ 佺䘬℠䭬炻㽨⊝ㆸ⒉⬠佺炻᷎䆇忈屯妲㹅忂⸛⎘冯⎰ἄᾉả䘬䳬䷼㔯⊾炻溻⊝㔁ⷓ 䞍嬀∝㕘冯䘤⯽炻ẍℙ⎴⺢䩳⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻⮳㯪㯠临䘤⯽˭ˤ㛔䞼䨞᷎㬠䲵Ⰼ朊ℏ 㵝℟㚱ẍᶳℑ溆┇䣢烉 炷ᶨ炸⎬Ⰼ朊䘤⯽⺋㲃⍿⇘慵夾 ⽆䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊䘤⯽忶䦳䘤䎦炻昌Ḯ㽨⊝⬠佺ˣ⎰ἄ䑘⠫ˣ㹅忂⸛⎘冯䞍嬀∝ 㕘䁢攟㛇⍿⇘慵夾䘬嬘柴⢾炻⮰㤕柀⮶ˣ℠䭬㤟㧉冯䞍嬀㔜⎰ḇ⛐役⸜Ἦ徸㻠⍿⇘ 慵夾炻⚈㬌䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊䘬䘤⯽⎗婒㗗⺋㲃⍿⇘慵夾ˤ炷Ḵ炸⎬Ⰼ朊ℏ㵝ℤ℟㚱Ḻ墄⿏ ⮰㤕柀⮶⻟婧柀⮶侭䘬⮰㤕䳈梲炻侴ẍ幓ἄ⇯炻ㆸ䁢悐Ⱄ㤟㧉⎗媪⮰㤕䘬ℏ㵝 䭬⚵ˤ⎎⢾ᶨ㕡朊炻⯙䞍嬀㔜⎰侴妨炻℞䚖䘬ḇ⛐∝忈㕘䘬屯妲ˤ⚈㬌忁ṃⰌ朊 ℏ㵝ℤ℟㚱Ḻ墄⿏ˤ ⽆ᶲ徘┇䣢ᷕ炻㛔䞼䨞⺞Ỡ䞍嬀柀⮶シ㵝炻ℙ⎗↮䁢ᶳ↿⚃枭Ⰼ朊烉 炷ᶨ炸⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬 ⮰㤕䘬柀⮶侭⇯暨ẍ幓ἄ⇯炻䥱㊩䳪幓⬠佺䎮⾝炻ẍ䲣䴙⿏冯䥹⬠⊾奨溆炻ᶵ 㕟⽆䴻槿ᷕ䚩⿅炻㧡䩳⬠佺℠䭬炻᷎德忶䭉䎮ˣ㰢䫾冯㈡⇌傥≃炻⺽柀ㆸ⒉㛅⎹ℙ ⎴䚖㧁炻⟹忈䞍嬀✳䳬䷼ˤ 炷Ḵ炸屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘
Arthur Anderson Business Consulting ㍸↢屯妲䥹㈨Ⱄ㕤忋䳸Ṣ⒉冯䞍嬀炻ẍ⇑忚 埴䞍嬀↮ṓ䘬慵天⨺ṳ炷∱Ṕ嬗炻2000炸炻⚈㬌䳬䷼⤪㫚忚埴䞍嬀䭉䎮炻㭷ᶨ䑘 䭨悥⎗侫慷ㅱ䓐屯妲䥹㈨䘬䈡⿏炻ẍ⺢䩳⸛⎘≈ẍ䘤㎖ˤ 炷ᶱ炸⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾ Amidon 冯 Macnamara炷2000炸㖶䡢㊯↢㔯⊾Ⱄ㕤䞍嬀柀⮶ㅱ侫慷䘬慵天Ⰼ朊ˤ 䞍嬀柀⮶侭ẍ⺢䩳㛔幓䘬ᾉ岜デ䁢➢䢶炻㍐≽⛀昲⎰ἄ䘬忳ἄ㧉⺷炻ℵ啱䓙䛇婈䘬 斄㆟冯⮲慵炻䆇忈ㆸ⒉攻䎮⿏䘬㹅忂冯⮵娙炻ἧㆸ⒉Ḻ䚠ᾉả炻栀シ↮ṓ䞍嬀炻⼊ ㆸ⛀昲⎰ἄ冯∝㕘䘬㔯⊾ˤ 炷⚃炸䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳 ⺢䩳姽Ộ⚆棳䘬㨇⇞㗗䡢ᾅ㕡㟰㧉⺷ᶵ㕟忚㬍䘬慵天㨇⇞ˤ䞍嬀柀⮶啱䓙䳬䷼ 姽Ộ冯ㆸ⒉⚆棳䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⎗ẍḮ妋䳬䷼ℏ⢾䞍嬀䭉䎮冯䞍嬀䘤⯽䘬㳩䦳炻㍸ὃ㛒 Ἦ㯠临䘤⯽䘬➢䢶炻⎴㗪㚜⎗ẍ 䁢ㆸ⒉⛐䞍嬀䭉䎮䷦㓰䘬䋶㆚ὅ㒂ˤ 䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞䧙㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䁢ˬ⍿娎㔁ⷓ⛐⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶婧 㞍⓷⌟ᷕ炻⠓䫼⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬ˣ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘ˣ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾冯䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳ℙ⚃ ᾳⰌ朊柴䚖炻劍⓷⌟↮㔠グ檀炻ẋ堐㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䦳⹎グ檀炻⍵ᷳ⇯グỶ˭ˤ
ΠȃᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖Ϟཎొᇄቹ७ġ
ˬ䪞䇕˭Competition 㸸㕤㉱ᶩ㔯 competere炻シ㊯ˬ䪞䇕侭䘬㭼岥˭炻ℑᾳㆾ⣂ ᾳ䳬䷼䁢䌐冒䌚⼿䫔ᶱ侭䘬偗⭂炻ἄ䘬≒≃炷Merriam-Webster Online, 2009炸ˤ㎃ ⎍娙婒炻䪞䇕Ὢ㊯⛐⣂⃫冯冒䓙䘬䑘⠫ᷳᷕ炻䁢Ḯ䌚⼿㴰屣侭䘬怠㑯忚埴䘬≒≃炻 ㅱ䓐㕤⬠㟉䳬䷼ᷕ炻⬠㟉䪞䇕⎗婒㗗⬠㟉攻䁢Ḯ䌚⼿䣦㚫⣏䛦ˣ⭞攟冯⬠䓇䘬偗⭂炻 䘬≒≃ˤ㛔䞼䨞䵄⎰䚠斄㔯䌣炷⎠⼺忼岊炻1995烊㕡军㮹炻2000烊㼀⸠Ⱉ炻2000烊 ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ㜿⣑䣸炻2005烊柷䥨⤪炻2006烊㜿⬇䐄炻2006烊挦䁛晬炻2008烊㰒列⬷炻 2008烊Ansoff, 1965烊Collis炵Montgomery, 1995烊Mooney, 2007烊Nesheim, 2005烊Porter, 1985烊Walker, 2005炸炻㬠䲵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⭂佑䁢烉ˬ⬠㟉⛐冯℞Ṿ䪞䇕侭ℤ℟䪞䇕⍰ ⎰ἄ䘬≽ン忶䦳ᷕ炻啱䓙䫾䔍䘬忳䓐炻攟㛇䭉䎮䌐䈡䘬屯㸸冯傥≃炻ẍ㊩临㺧嵛᷎ ∝忈䣦㚫⣏䛦䘬㔁做暨㯪冯₡ῤ炻农≃忼ㆸ⬠㟉㯠临䘤⯽䘬栀㘗˭ˤ㬌⭂佑⣏农㚱⚃ 䧖奨溆烉 ġ ġ 炷1炸屯㸸奨溆烉⽆屯㸸ˣ屯䓊ˣ傥≃ˣ䈡岒冯➟埴傥≃䫱≈ẍ斉徘炻娵䁢䳬䷼ ㆸ㓰᷎朆䚚䚖徥㯪⎗⼿炻⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㗗䳬䷼攟㛇┬䓐㑩㚱䘬㚱屯㸸冯 傥≃炻䓊䓇䘬℟橼ㆸ㝄ˤ ġ ġ 炷2炸䣦㚫奨溆烉⽆䳸䚇ˣⶖ䔘⿏ˣḺ≽斄Ὢ冯䚠Ḻ㭼庫䫱≈ẍ斉徘炻娵䁢⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊叿慵㕤䣦㚫Ḻ≽䘬≽ン斄Ὢ炻昌Ḯℏ悐屯㸸䘬㔜⎰⢾炻㚜暨忚侴 冯⢾悐䓊䓇Ḻ≽㬟䦳炻⽆⎰ἄ冯䪞䇕䘬ἄ䁢ᷕ炻忼ㆸ䳬䷼䚖㧁ˤ ġ ġ 炷3炸䴻㾇奨溆烉⽆₡ῤˣ䌚⇑䌯ˣ䷦㓰䳸㝄ˣ㯠临䴻䆇冯ⶪ⟜⌈㚱䌯䫱≈ẍ斉 徘炻娵䁢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䃉婾德忶₡㟤䪞䇕ˣ⑩岒䭉㍏ẍ⍲埴扟䭉䎮䫱㕡 ⺷炻㚨䳪⛯⛐㕤徥㯪⋻崲炻ℐ≃忼ㆸ㊩临㍸⋯䷦㓰冯㯠临䴻䆇䘬℟橼䚖㧁ˤ ġ ġ 炷4炸䫾䔍奨溆烉⽆₡ῤ∝忈ˣ䫾䔍✳ンˣ栏⭊㺧嵛冯∝㕘䫱≈ẍ婾徘炻Ḯ妋⇘ 德忶䫾䔍忳ἄ㗗ᶨ䧖₡ῤ∝忈䘬喅埻炻⎒㚱ᶵ㕟䘬㍸⋯冯∝㕘䓊⑩㛔幓䘬 ₡ῤ炻㺧嵛栏⭊䘬䛇㬋暨㯪炻ㇵ傥䩳㕤ᶵ㓿ᷳ⛘炷⏛⿅厗炻2000炸ˤ ⽆ᶲ徘⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⭂佑ℏ㵝⎗䞍炻⚳ℏ⢾⮰⭞⬠侭ὅ㒂ᶵ⎴䥱㊩䘬ᾉ⾝≈ẍ 娖慳冯婒㖶炻晾ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻䃞℞㟠⽫₡ῤ冯䱦䤆⮎ᷫ㬲徼⎴㬠炻᷎埴ᶵ〾ˤ㛔䞼䨞 ⍫侫䚠斄㔯䌣炷⏛㶭Ⱉ炻2002a烊㜿⬇䐄炻2006烊㚡⬠ṩ炻2007烊挦䁛晬炻2008炸炻 㬠䲵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊ℏ㵝⊭㊔烉 1.埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ Ὢ㊯㟉攟䘬柀⮶✳ンẍ⍲⬠㟉埴㓧䭉䎮䘬䫾䔍ˣ㳩䦳ˣ忳ἄ㕡⺷炻ἳ⤪⬠㟉⌙ 㨇䭉䎮傥≃ˣ⬠㟉埴扟䫾䔍ˣ䫾䔍倗䚇⣍Ờˣ⬠㟉姽揹⇞⹎ˣ䯉⊾冯Ṣ⿏⊾䘬忳ἄ 㳩䦳䫱炻䘮㚱≑㕤⬠㟉㍸⋯䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ
2.䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ Ὢ㊯⬠㟉℟㚱䳬䷼⬠佺ˣ䳬䷼∝㕘䫱傥≃炻ᶼ⬠㟉䘬ㆸ⒉斄Ὢˣ䳬䷼㔯⊾䘮㚱 ≑㕤⬠㟉㍸⋯䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 3.䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊ Ὢ㊯⬠㟉䘬㟉⚺䑘⠫姕妰ˣ夷∫ˣ⺢䭱ˣ㳣≽䨢攻ẍ⍲庇䠔橼姕⁁䫱炻㚱⇑㕤 ⬠㟉䆇忈䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 4.⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊ Ὢ㊯⬠㟉嗽ᷳ⋨ỵ冯㔁做䘬䷦㓰堐䎦炻⊭㊔⬠㟉冒䃞冯Ṣ㔯䑘⠫䘬⃒⊊ˣ⬠ 䓇⭞攟䘬䣦䴻側㘗ˣ⬠䓇䳈岒ˣ⬠㟉⼊尉ˣ姽揹䳸㝄ˣ䪞岥䲨抬ˣ⬠䓇ἄ⑩ˣ⬠䓇 ⬠㤕ˣ埴䁢堐䎦ˣ㔁ⷓ堐䎦ˣ‹↢㟉⍳ˣ䣦⋨斄Ὢ冯⨺橼斄Ὢ䫱炻㚱⇑㕤⬠㟉㍸⋯ 䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ ᶲ徘Ⰼ朊ℏ㵝℟㚱ẍᶳℑ溆┇䣢烉 1.⽆╖朊⎹⇘⣂朊⎹ 㖑㛇䘬ẩ㤕䳬䷼⻟婧⑩岒炻↉㗗䳬䷼慵夾⑩岒䘬䭉⇞炻傥⣈侫慷⇘䳬䷼䘬ℐ 朊⑩岒䭉䎮炻⯙⎗䧙䁢℟⁁䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤỮ晐叿㈨埻ˣ䑘⠫冯㔯⊾䘬廱嬲炻䎦ẋ䳬䷼ ᶵ⻟婧⑩岒䘬䭉䎮炻ḇ攳⥳慵夾ㆸ㛔㍏⇞ˣ䳬䷼⻰⿏冯∝㕘䭉䎮䫱朊⎹ˤ 2.⽆慷⊾㊯㧁⇘朆慷⊾㊯㧁 ⑩岒ˣㆸ㛔冯Ṍ㖻㛇旸䫱慷⊾㊯㧁㗗㖑㛇ẩ㤕徥㯪䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬㚨䳪䚖㧁炻Ữ㕘 䘬䪞䇕⃒⊊㤪⾝⽆慷⊾㊯㧁廱⊾䁢朆慷⊾㊯㧁炻ἳ⤪∝㕘ˣ㚵⊁冯䳬䷼⻰⿏䫱炻 ㆸ䁢䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬㤪⾝ˤ 䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞䧙⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䁢ˬ⍿娎㔁ⷓ⛐⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧 㞍⓷⌟ᷕ炻⠓䫼埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ˣ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ˣ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊冯⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊ℙ⚃ ᾳⰌ朊柴䚖炻劍⓷⌟↮㔠グ檀炻ẋ堐㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䦳⹎グ檀炻⍵ᷳ⇯グỶ˭ˤ
έȃਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᇄᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖Ϟࣺᜰܒġ
役⸜Ἦ䴻䓙⮎嫱䞼䨞䘬䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ攻傥妋慳⼤㬌䘬 斄Ὢ炻ᶼ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⼙枧㚱栗叿䘬䷥㓰㝄炷岜⋼⽿炻2008炸炻⎎⯙⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㕡朊炻Ṏ䓙⮎嫱䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻℟㚱栗叿 䘬㬋䚠斄炻ᶼ㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢⎗枸㷔⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炷㰒列⬷炻2008烊挦䁛⬷炻2008炸ˤ Ữ䓙㕤䚖⇵㍊妶㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䚜㍍⼙枧⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬⮎嫱⿏䞼䨞䓂⮹炻㓭㍉䓐冯 䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䚠斄庫檀䘬嬲枭炻Ἦ忚埴㔯䌣䚠斄⿏䘬㍊㜸ˤẍᶳ⯙䎮婾 䞼䨞冯⮎嫱䞼䨞ℑ㕡朊炻↮⇍㍊妶⤪ᶳ烉 炷ᶨ炸䎮婾䞼䨞㕡朊 ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2002b炸㊯↢䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ斄Ὢ朆ⷠ⭮↯炻䞍嬀䭉䎮⎗⸓≑⬠ 㟉㓰傥䘬㍸⋯炻侴⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䘤㎖⎗⸓≑䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㍐≽炷⤪⚾ 2炸ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⚾ ijġ 䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉⏛㶭Ⱉ炷ijııij炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ庱㕤⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠㔁做⬠䞼䨞ᷣ 䶐炻䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁做朑㕘䘤⯽䞼妶㚫婾㔯普炷ᶲ炸炻枩 IJIJijˤ冢⊿烉㔁做悐ˤġ ġ 叱忋䤢ˣ⻝懧炷2000炸娵䁢䞍嬀䭉䎮㛔幓⌛ẍ⡆忚䳬䷼㓰傥冯䳬䷼䷦㓰炻㍸ ⋯䪞䇕⃒⊊䁢ᷣ天䚖㧁ˤ忚ᶨ㬍侴妨炻⤪㝄天䡢ᾅ冯㍸⋯䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬⑩岒ㆸ㓰炻 忼ㆸᶲ徘䘬䚖㧁炻⎗ẍ啱䓙⟹忈䞍嬀✳䳬䷼Ἦ忼ㆸ炷⤪⚾ Ĵ炸ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ
䞍嬀䭉䎮ġ
ġ
Ʉġġ屯妲䥹㈨䭉䎮ġ Ʉġ Ṣ≃屯㸸䭉䎮ġ Ʉġ 䞍嬀䭉䎮炷㓞普ˣ 㔜䎮ˣ㬠栆ˣ廱⊾ˣ ∝忈ˣ䳗䧵ˣ⇑䓐炸ġṳ朊ġ
ġ
Ʉ埴㓧柀⮶ġ ġ Ʉ⬠㟉㔯⊾ġ ġ Ʉ➢䢶姕⁁ġ⬠㟉㓰傥ġ
ġ
Ʉ埴㓧㓰傥ġ Ʉ㔁ⷓ㓰傥ġ Ʉ⬠䓇㓰傥ġ Ʉⷓ䓇㺧シġ Ʉ⭞攟㺧シġ Ʉ⬠㟉怑ㅱġġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉叱忋䤢ˣ⻝懧炷2002炸ˤ䞍嬀✳䳬䷼䎮⾝⛐冢䀋㔁做埴㓧ᷳㅱ䓐ˤ庱㕤⚳ 䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠㔁做⬠䞼䨞ᷣ䶐炻䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁做朑㕘䘤⯽䞼妶㚫婾㔯普 炷ᶳ炸炻枩 561ˤ冢⊿烉㔁做悐ˤ Holspple 冯 Singh炷2001炸ẍ䞍嬀䭉䎮➢䢶䁢㝞㥳炻憅⮵䚠斄䞍嬀䭉䎮㳣≽⮵䳬 ䷼䪞䇕⃒⊊⼙枧䘬䚠斄㔯䌣≈ẍ㬠䲵炻⺢㥳↢䞍嬀捰㧉✳炷Knowledge chain model炸炻 ⤪⚾ 4 䣢炻℞ᷕ䞍嬀柀⮶ỵ㕤庼≑㳣≽䘬椾ỵ炻䘤㎖庼≑ᷣ天㳣≽忚埴䘬慵天≇ 傥炻⎗㚱㓰⸓≑䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㍐≽冯䳬䷼䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬㍸⋯ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ
屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Holsapple, C. W., 炵 Singh, M.炷2001炸. The knowledge chain model: Activities for competitiveness. Expert systems with Applications, 20炷1炸, 80.
Cavaleri 䫱Ṣ炷2005炸㍸↢䞍嬀柀⮶侭⤪傥⽆䴻槿ᷕ⬠佺⎴㗪ℵ溻⊝⎴₽徥晐炻 䳽⮵⎗ẍ㰢⭂㛒Ἦ䘬ẩ㤕䪞䇕⃒⊊炻⺢䩳䞍嬀✳䳬䷼炻ἧ⮎䓐⿏䘬䞍嬀䓊䓇檀㓰傥 䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ
ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 廠ℍġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 忶䦳ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 廠↢ġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ
䞍嬀✳䳬䷼ġ ġ 䞍嬀ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䳬䷼䷦㓰ġġ
ġ
⚾ Ĵġ ġ 䞍嬀ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯䞍嬀✳䳬䷼ᷳ斄Ὢġ ġ ġ ġ ⑩岒䭉䎮ġ ġ 䳬䷼⬠佺ġ 䞍嬀䭉䎮ġ ⚾ ĵġ ġ 䞍嬀捰㧉✳ġ!!䞍嬀柀⮶ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䞍嬀⎰ἄġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䞍嬀㍏⇞ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 䞍嬀堉慷 䞍嬀䌚⍾ 䞍嬀怠㑯ġ ġ 䞍嬀䓊䓇ġ ġ 䞍嬀ℏ⊾ġ ġ 䞍嬀⢾⊾ 䪞 ġ ġ 䇕 ġ ġ ġ ⃒ ġ ġ ⊊ 庼 ≑ 㳣 ≽ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ᷣ 天 㳣 ≽ ġ
⬠
佺
妰ġ 䔓ġ炷Ḵ炸⮎嫱䞼䨞㕡朊 Grant炷2005炸㍉䓐ᾳ㟰䞼䨞㕡㱽炻䳸㝄䘤䎦䳬䷼䘬䘤⯽冯朑㕘炻⽭枰⃰䓙柀⮶ 侭㛔幓䘬㓡嬲攳⥳炻忚侴∝忈ᶨᾳ⎰ἄ㔯⊾炻ⷞ柀ㆸ⒉冯㔜ᾳ䳬䷼䘬嬲朑炻㚨䳪㕡 傥㍸⋯䳬䷼㓰傥ˤ 㜿㕘䘤ˣ湫䥳搦炷2008炸ẍ冢䀋⛘⋨⚳ᷕ㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻㍊妶㟉攟柀⮶ˣ⬠ 佺䣦佌冯⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥斄Ὢ炻䌚⼿ᶳ↿䳸婾烉 炷1炸⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥ᷳ攻⏰䎦ᷕ⹎㬋䚠斄ˤ 炷2炸⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵㔜橼⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥℟檀⹎枸㷔≃炻℞ᷕ⮵埴 㓧䭉䎮∝㕘㓰傥枸㷔≃㚨檀ˤ 湫䑲楁炷2007炸⯙㟫⚺䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥忚埴䞼䨞炻 䘤䎦㟉攟㔜橼䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥ℑ侭ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄Ὢ㔠䁢 0.77炻℟㚱栗叿 㬋䚠斄炻侴㟉攟㔜橼䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉㔜橼∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥℟㚱檀⹎䘬枸㷔≃ˤ ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸憅⮵冢䀋⛘⋨⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥忚埴 婧㞍炻䳸㝄栗䣢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥ℑ侭ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄Ὢ㔠䁢 0.82炻℟ 㚱栗叿㬋䚠斄炻ᶼ㟉攟㔜橼䞍嬀柀⮶⮵㔁ⷓ㔜橼䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥℟㚱 68.9炴䘬嬲䔘 慷炻℟檀⹎枸㷔≃ˤ ⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ẍ冢⊿䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻憅⮵㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀 柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥忚埴⮎嫱䞼䨞炻䘤䎦㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷳˬ⃭⮎柀⮶⮰㤕䞍傥˭ˣˬ㽨 ⊝⬠㟉ㆸ⒉⬠佺˭冯ˬ㔜⎰⬠㟉䞍嬀屯㸸˭ᶱ枭嬲枭ℙ⎗妋慳㔜橼㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥 31 炴䘬嬲䔘慷炻℟㚱ᷕ⹎枸㷔≃ˤ 岜⋼⽿炷2008炸憅⮵ℐ冢䀋⛘⋨⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥 斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炻䌚⼿ᶳ↿䳸婾烉 炷1炸㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷ᷳ怑惵⿏㩊⭂䌚⼿㓗 ㊩炻傥妋慳ᷣ天嬲枭攻䘬斄Ὢˤ 炷2炸㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䚜㍍㓰㝄ῤ䁢 0.16炻攻㍍㓰㝄ῤ䁢 0.68炻䷥㓰 㝄ῤ䁢 0.84炻栗䣢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⼙枧㚱栗叿䷥㓰㝄ˤ 啃㵹剔炷2008炸ẍ冢⊿䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻憅⮵㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀 柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰傥忚埴⮎嫱䞼䨞炻䘤䎦㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰傥℟ 㚱ᷕ⹎㬋䚠斄炻ᶼ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵㔁ⷓ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰傥℟㚱ᷕ⹎枸㷔≃ˤ 㰒列⬷炷2008炸䞼䨞⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟嬲朑柀⮶ˣ㔁ⷓ䳬䷼㈧媦冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊斄 Ὢ炻䘤䎦⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ẍˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭㚨檀炻侴㟉攟嬲朑柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ ⏰㬋䚠斄ˤ
⻝㯠ṩ炷2008炸ẍ檀晬ⶪ℔䩳⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻㍷徘冯↮㜸⚳⮷㟉攟廱✳ 柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼∝㕘冯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃䘬㤪㱩冯䚠斄ね⼊炻䌚⼿ᶳ↿䳸婾烉 炷1炸㟉攟廱✳柀⮶グ䧵㤝炻⇯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃グἛˤ 炷2炸㟉攟廱✳柀⮶冯䳬䷼∝㕘䘮傥㚱㓰枸㷔⬠㟉䪞䇕≃炻℞ᷕẍˬ䳬䷼㯋㯃∝ 㕘˭Ⰼ朊㚨℟枸㷔≃ˤ 挦䁛晬炷2008炸ẍ⯷㜙䷋℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉炻㍊妶㟉攟柀⮶傥≃ˣ ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ斄Ὢ炻䌚⼿ᶳ↿䳸婾烉 炷1炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⮵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬䞍奢Ⱄᷕ檀䦳⹎炻ẍˬ⃒⊊䳬䷼˭デ⍿䦳 ⹎㚨檀ˤ 炷2炸⯽䎦⃒岒㟉攟瀂⮶傥≃炻㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 㛔䭨⛐㍊妶㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ斄Ὢˤ椾⃰⽆䎮婾ᶲἮ䚳炻䞍嬀䭉 䎮圵⎰柀⮶䘬≇傥炻⎗ẍ㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥炻侴㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷫ㗗ẍ䞍嬀䭉䎮㤪⾝䁢➢ 䢶炻䳸⎰䞍嬀䘤⯽炻∝忈䳬䷼₡ῤˤ⽆⮎嫱䞼䨞ᶲἮ䚳炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㚫⼙枧⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊䚠斄嬲枭炷⬠㟉㓰傥ˣ⬠佺ㆸ㓰ˣ㔁⬠㓰傥ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥ˣ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰 傥ˣ∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥炸炻侴㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䚠斄嬲枭⏰䎦㬋䚠斄ˤ㟉攟䞍 嬀柀⮶⎗ẍ枸㷔⬠㟉㓰傥ˣ⬠佺ㆸ㓰ˣ㔁⬠㓰傥ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥ˣ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰傥ˣ ∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥ˤ䓙ᶲ徘⎗䞍炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䚠斄嬲枭炻㚱⭮↯斄倗ˤġ 䵄ᶲ徘炻㍸⋯⬠㟉䘬䪞䇕⃒⊊暨天㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䘬忳䓐炻侴㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ḇ 㗗Ὣ忚⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬斄挝䫾䔍ˤ㛔䞼䨞䴙㔜䎮婾冯⮎⊁䚠斄䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㟉攟䞍嬀 柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬㤪⾝䚠䔞⣹⎰炻℞䚠斄䦳⹎冯⼙枧Ⰼ朊㶙ῤ㍊䨞炻㛇㛃䳸⎰ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ℑ⣏嬘柴炻㍊妶䚠斄⿏冯⼙枧䦳⹎炻⺽柀⬠㟉朊⮵䪞 䇕䑘⠫炻⼿ẍ∝忈⃒⊊㡅ẞ炻两侴㯠临䘤⯽ˤġ
ȃंـ೩ॎᇄᄂࢊġ
㛔䞼䨞ẍ⓷⌟婧㞍㱽䁢ᷣ炻㍉䓐ˬ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧㞍 ⓷⌟˭炻Ὢ㟡㒂㔯䌣㍊妶⼴冒䶐侴ㆸᷳⶍ℟ˤℙ↮䁢⚃⮷䭨炻勚婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉ᶨˣ䞼䨞 㝞㥳烊Ḵˣ⼭䫼⓷柴烊ᶱˣ䞼䨞⮵尉冯㉥㧋㕡㱽烊⚃ˣ䞼䨞ⶍ℟ˤġΙȃġ ंـ࢜ᄺġ
㟡㒂䞼䨞≽㨇ˣ䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㍸↢ẍᶳ䞼䨞㝞㥳炻⤪⚾ 5 䣢炻勚⯙
㛔䞼䨞 㝞㥳ᷕ䘬䞼䨞澅⼹↮⇍澽㖶⤪ᶳ烉ġġ ġ 炷IJ炸澅⼹ł烉㖐⛐㍊妶ᾳṢ側㘗嬲枭冯⬠㟉䑘⠫嬲枭⛐㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ ⎬Ⰼ朊⍲㔜橼ᶲ䘬ⶖ澰ね⼊ˤġ ġ ġ 炷ij炸澅⼹Ń烉㖐⛐㍊妶ᾳṢ側㘗嬲枭冯⬠㟉䑘⠫嬲枭⛐㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ ⎬Ⰼ朊⍲㔜橼ᶲ䘬ⶖ澰ね⼊ˤġ ġ ġ 炷Ĵ炸澅⼹ń烉㖐⛐㍊妶㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬䚠斄ね⼊ˤġ ġ ġ 炷ĵ炸澅⼹Ņ烉㖐⛐㍊妶㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬枸㷔濘ˤġ
Πȃ๎୰ᚠġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ 㟡㒂ᶲ徘䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天㍊妶ᶳ↿⓷柴烉ġ ġ ġ 炷IJ炸䝕妋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䎦㱩䁢ỽ烎ġ ġ ġ 炷ij炸㍊妶ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㗗⏎㚱ⶖ䔘烎ġ ġ ġ 炷Ĵ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻㗗⏎䚠斄烎ġ ġ ġ 炷ĵ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻℟㚱枸㷔≃烎ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ġġ
IJį⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬ġ ijį屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘ġ Ĵį⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾ġ ĵį䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳ġ ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ġ!
IJį埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ġ ijį䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ġ Ĵį䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊ġ ĵį⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊ġ!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ġ
IJį⬠㟉⋨ỵġ ijį⬠㟉夷㧉ġ Ĵį⬠㟉㬟⎚ġ ⬠㟉䑘⠫嬲枭ġ ⚾ Ķġ ġ 䞼䨞㝞㥳ġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ġA
B
C
D
IJį⿏⇍ġ ijį⸜漉ġ Ĵį㔁做䦳⹎ġ ĵį㑼ả借⊁ġ Ķį䎦借⸜屯ġ ᾳṢ側㘗嬲枭ġέȃंـᄇຫᇄܪኺПݲġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ 㛔䞼䨞㧋㛔ᷳ㭵佌橼ᷫ㟡㒂㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炷2009炸℔ⶫᷳḅ⋩ᶫ⬠⸜⹎⼘⊾ ䷋℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠䴙妰屯㕁炻⼿䞍⼘⊾䷋℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉㔠慷㚱174炻㔁ⷓ㔠ℙ㚱 5536ỵˤ㉥⍾㕡㱽㍉⍾昶㭝⺷㉥㧋㕡⺷怠⍾暨㧋㛔炻䫔ᶨ昶㭝䁢↮Ⰼ晐㨇㉥㧋炻 ὅ⬠㟉夷㧉↮ㆸ12䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳˣ13–24䎕ˣ25–48䎕⍲49䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲ夷㧉ᷳ⬠㟉 ℙ⚃ᾳⰌ䳂炻⎬⍾䲬ᶱ↮ᷳᶨ㭼䌯⬠㟉㔠䚖炻ℙ㉥⍾57⚳㮹⮷⬠䁢䞼䨞㧋㛔炻᷎ ὅ㒂Sudman娵䁢ẍṢ䁢⮵尉䘬⓷⌟婧㞍䞼䨞炻劍㗗⛘⋨⿏䞼䨞炻㬋⺷㧋㛔㔠䲬⛐500 Ṣ焍1000Ṣᷳ攻炷⺽冒⏛㖶昮炻2007炸炻⚈㬌㒂㬌⍇⇯᷎侫ㄖ⚆㓞ね⼊炻ℙ妰㉥⍾ 627ỵ⼘⊾䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㬋⺷㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞㧋㛔ˤ䫔Ḵ昶㭝⚈䞼䨞侭暋ẍ⍾⼿ᶵ⎴㧋㛔⬠ 㟉娛䳘㔁ⷓᷳ⎵╖炻⚈㬌炻㬌昶㭝䞼䨞侭⥼婳⎬ᾳ㧋㛔⬠㟉ᷳᷣảㆾ㔁ⷓ⋼≑炻⽆ 娚㟉㔁ⷓᷕ㉥㧋劍⸚㔁ⷓℤ埴㓧炷ᷣảˣ䳬攟炸⍲ᶨ凔㔁ⷓ炷䳂ảˣ䥹ả炸炻ἄ䁢 䞼䨞㧋㛔ˤ㛔䞼䨞㬋⺷⓷⌟㉥⍾䷥㧋㛔㔠627ấ炻⓷⌟⚆㓞䁢588ấ炻⇼昌⚆㓞㧋㛔 屯㕁⠓䫼ᶵℐ侭炻⎰妰㚱㓰㧋㛔䁢528ấ炻⚆㓞䌯93炴炻⎗䓐䌯䁢89炴ˤ 堐IJġ ġ ㉥㧋⬠㟉㔠䚖冯㔁ⷓ㔠䚖㐀天堐ġ ⬠㟉夷㧉 ⬠㟉㔠 ㉥㧋㟉㔠 炷⬠㟉㔠䚖 ×1/3炸 㭷㟉㉥㧋 㔁ⷓ㔠 ⎰妰㉥㧋 㔁ⷓ㔠 12䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ 84 28 8 224 13–24䎕 43 14 12 168 25–48䎕 31 10 15 150 49䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲ 16 5 17 85 ䷥妰 174 57 627 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮Ѳȃंـώڎġ
䁢㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ斄Ὢ炻㛔䞼䨞⍫惴⬠侭ᷳ䚠斄 ⓷⌟炷⏛伶䎈炻2005烊⏛㶭Ⱉ䫱Ṣ炻2007烊㜿⬇䐄炻2006烊㜿ㄞ枮炻2007烊曾㵹炻 2006烊湫䑲楁炻2007烊㣲朄⭄炻2006烊岜䁓炻2006烊挦䁛晬炻2008烊柷䥨⤪炻2006炸炻 ᷎ℵὅ㒂䎮婾ℏ㵝忚埴悐↮ᾖ㓡炻⼊ㆸ㛔䞼䨞ⶍ℟ˤ᷎⮯婧㞍ⶍ℟␥⎵䁢ˬ⚳㮹⮷ ⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧㞍⓷⌟˭炻⎬慷堐↮⇍␥⎵䁢ˬ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶婧㞍 ⓷⌟˭冯ˬ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧㞍⓷⌟˭ˤ⛐㭷ᶨ柴䚖䘬⼴朊䘮旬㚱㛶䈡⺷炷Likert type炸 ⚃溆慷堐炻↮⇍㧁䣢ˬ朆ⷠᶵ⎴シ˭ˣˬᶵ⣒⎴シ˭ˣˬ⎴シ˭ˣˬ朆ⷠ⎴シ˭䫱⚃ᾳ怠 枭ˤ䓙⍿娎侭㟡㒂⮵冒ㆹ䞍奢ね⼊憅⮵⓷柴⊦怠℞ᷕᶨ枭ˤ↮㔠グ檀侭ẋ堐䞍奢㟉 攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䦳⹎グ檀ˤ ⓷⌟⃰↥婳⮰⭞⬠侭憅⮵㛔䞼䨞ᷳ枸娎⓷⌟ℏ⭡ˣ柴シ婆㯋⋼≑ᾖ㓡炻᷎㍸ ὃ⮞屜シ夳炻ẍ䡢⭂⓷⌟ℏ⭡㓰⹎炻ℵ忚埴枭䚖↮㜸ˣ⚈䳈↮㜸ˣ䚠斄↮㜸冯ᾉ⹎ ↮㜸ˤ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶婧㞍⓷⌟ẍ⇅⥳䈡⽝ῤ⣏㕤 1 䁢厫⍾㧁㸾炻ℙ㉥⍾⚃ᾳ⚈䳈炻 ⎬柴⚈䳈屈匟慷⛯忼.04 ẍᶲ炻⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬ˣ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘ˣ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾冯䲣䴙 姽Ộ⚆棳ᷳ妋慳嬲䔘慷↮⇍忼 19.57炴ˣ18.68炴ˣ20.08炴ˣ16.56炴炻䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷 忼 74.9炴炻侴⎬Ⰼ朊冯㔜橼⓷⌟⛯忼栗叿䚠斄炻栗䣢㛔⓷⌟⺢㥳㓰⹎列⤥ˤ⛐ᾉ⹎炻 ䷥慷堐ᷳ Ὢ㔠忼.978炻⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ ῤ↮⇍䁢.939ˣ.926ˣ.962ˣ.926ˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ 婧㞍⓷⌟ẍ⇅⥳䈡⽝ῤ⣏㕤 1 䁢厫⍾㧁㸾炻ℙ㉥⍾⚃ᾳ⚈䳈炻⎬柴⚈䳈屈匟慷⛯忼.05 ẍᶲ炻埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ˣ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ˣ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊冯⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊ᷳ妋慳嬲䔘慷 ↮⇍忼 15.78炴ˣ21.43炴ˣ20.28炴ˣ10.17炴炻䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷忼 67.67炴炻侴⎬Ⰼ朊冯 㔜橼⓷⌟⛯忼栗叿䚠斄炻栗䣢㛔⓷⌟⺢㥳㓰⹎列⤥ˤ⛐ᾉ⹎炻䷥慷堐ᷳ Ὢ㔠忼.915炻 ⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ ῤ↮⇍䁢.844ˣ.873ˣ.876ˣ.727ˤဓȃ๖ݎᇄଆ፣ġ
㛔䪈⮯㟡㒂⓷⌟婧㞍⼿屯㕁炻忚埴䴙妰↮㜸ˤℙ↮䁢⚃⮷䭨炻勚婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉 ᶨˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䎦㱩↮㜸烊Ḵˣᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ⚳㮹 ⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳⶖ䔘↮㜸烊ᶱˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䚠斄↮㜸烊⚃ˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⮵㕤㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊枸㷔↮㜸ˤΙȃġ
ҕωᏰਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᇄᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖Ϟ౪ݷϷݙ
ġ
炷ᶨ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷳ䎦㱩↮㜸 ⼘⊾䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⛐㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶婧㞍⓷⌟ᶲ⎬朊⍲㔜橼ᷳ⸛⛯㔠⍲㧁㸾 ⶖ炻⤪堐 2烉 堐 2 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䎦㱩↮㜸 ⚈䳈⎵䧙 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ 柴㔠 㭷柴⸛⛯ ⼿↮ ㌺⸷ ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬 19.05 3.33 6 3.17 1 屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘ 24.99 4.14 8 3.12 2 ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾ 34.14 6.26 11 3.10 3 䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳 13.95 3.27 5 2.79 4 㔜橼Ⰼ朊 92.15 15.71 30 3.07 ⯙堐 2 ⎗䞍炻䚖⇵⼘⊾䷋ℏ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊炻Ⱄ㕤ᷕᶲ 䦳⹎ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦冯⚳ℏ䞼䨞栆Ụ炷湫䑲楁炻2007烊⻝晭⥖炻2008烊岜⋼⽿炻2008炸ˤ 䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥䁢役⸜Ἦ炻⛐⚳ℏᶵ㕟㍐≽㔁做嬲朑ᷳᶳ炻⎬⬠㟉䳃䳃廱✳䁢⬠佺 ✳䳬䷼炻ẍ䲣䴙⿏䘬⿅侫ˣ冒ㆹ崭崲ˣ⛀昲⬠佺ˣ㓡┬⽫㘢㧉⺷冯⺢䩳ℙ⎴栀㘗Ḽ ⣏䫾䔍炻㍸⋯䳬䷼㓰傥ˤẍ炻㟉攟ḇ啱䓙⮰㤕柀⮶䘬℠䭬炻攳⥳㍐≽䳬䷼⬠佺炻 慵夾᷎㽨䘤⬠㟉㔁借⎴ṩ䘬⬠佺㼃傥炻㍸⋯㔜橼㓰傥炻⚈侴ἧˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣ ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭Ⰼ朊⼿↮㍸檀ˤġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䎦㱩↮㜸ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⼘⊾䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ⛐⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊婧㞍⓷⌟ᶲ⎬朊⍲㔜橼ᷳ⸛⛯㔠⍲㧁㸾 ⶖ炻⤪堐 Ĵ烉ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ堐 Ĵġ ġ ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䎦㱩↮㜸ġ ⚈䳈⎵䧙ġ ⸛⛯㔠ġ 㧁㸾ⶖġ 柴㔠ġ 㭷柴⸛⛯⼿↮ġ ㌺⸷ġ 埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ 15.36 2.35 5 3.07 2 䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ 18.75 2.76 6 3.12 1 䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊ 15.00 2.73 5 3.00 3 ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊ 11.18 2.10 4 2.79 4 㔜橼Ⰼ朊 60.29 8.46 20 3.01 ⯙堐 3 ⎗䞍炻䚖⇵⼘⊾䷋ℏ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⎬Ⰼ朊炻Ⱄ㕤ᷕᶲ 䦳⹎ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦冯⚳ℏ䞼䨞栆Ụ炷㰒列⬷炻2008烊⻝㯠ṩ炻2008烊挦䁛晬炻2008烊 柷䥨⤪炻2006炸ˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥䘬⍇⚈㗗㔁做嬲朑⮎㕥ᷳ⼴炻䳬䷼⬠佺ˣ䳬䷼∝㕘 冯媏䘬⬠㟉㔯⊾䁢㔁做䓴㘖念娵⎴䁢㍸⋯䳬䷼㓰傥䘬斄挝ˤ⯌℞忁ṃ䳬䷼傥≃䘬 ⚈䳈䚳Ụ᷶䃉⼊炻Ữ⌣⍰㗗Ⱄ㕤晐㗪晙啷㕤䳬䷼䘬慵天晙⿏䞍嬀ˤ⚈㬌炻㔁ⷓ傥㓷 デ䞍奢⇘䳬䷼傥≃䘬⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻㰒列⬷炷2008炸冯挦䁛晬炷2008炸⛯䞼䨞ḇ㊯ ↢⚳㮹⮷⬠䪞䇕≃⛐ˬ⃒⊊䳬䷼˭䞍奢㚨檀炻⎴㧋柷䥨⤪炷2006炸㊯↢⬠㟉ㆸ⒉䘬 䳈岒䁢椾天䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ
ΠȃϚӣधශᡐϞҕωᏰਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᇄᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖Ϟ৯
Ϸݙġ
! 炷ᶨ炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ⶖ䔘↮㜸ġ ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭⛐㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶炻㚱悐↮栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ⤪堐 4 䣢烉ġ ġ IJį⿏⇍ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢䓟⿏冯⤛⿏㔁ⷓ⛐㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻悐↮忼栗叿 ⶖ䔘炻⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻⯙ˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ䓟⿏㔁 ⷓ˭㖶栗檀㕤ˬ⤛⿏㔁ⷓ˭ˤ㬌冯湫䑲楁炷2007炸ˣ岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˣ啃㵹剔炷2008炸 ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸ˣ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ岜⋼⽿炷2007炸ˣ⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ˣ 岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗㬠䨞㕤⤛⿏㔁ⷓ侫慷⭞⹕⚈䳈炻⚈ 侴⼙枧⇘庫⮹斄㲐㕤埴㓧ἄ䁢炻ẍ⛐䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ἄ䁢ᶲ炻冒䃞⮵㕤㔯⊾䘬 デ⍿冯姽Ộ䘬娵䞍庫䁢唬⻙ˤ2.⸜漉 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⸜漉ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊ᷳ䞍 奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯⏛㶭Ⱉ䫱Ṣ炷2007炸ˣ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸ˣ湫䑲楁炷2007炸ˣ啃 㵹剔炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯⻝晭⥖炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 堐 ĵġ ġ ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊ⶖ䔘䵄⎰↮㜸㐀天堐ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ġ ġ 側㘗嬲枭ġ ⮰㤕柀 ⮶℠䭬ġ 屯妲⬠ 佺⸛⎘ġ ⎰ἄ∝ 㕘㔯⊾ġ 䲣䴙姽 Ộ⚆棳ġ 㔜橼㟉 攟䞍嬀 柀⮶ġ ⿏⇍ġ IJį䓟ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ IJĿijġ IJĿijġ IJĿijġ ijį⤛ġ ⸜漉ġ IJįĴı 㬚炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijįĴIJ 军 ĵı 㬚ġ ĴįĵIJ 㬚炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ 㔁做 䦳⹎ġ IJį⣏⬠炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijį䞼䨞ẍᶲġ 㑼ả 借⊁ġ IJį㔁ⷓℤᷣảġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ IJĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ ijį㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟ġ Ĵį䳂ả㔁ⷓġ ĵį䥹ả㔁ⷓġ 㚵⊁ ⸜屯ġ IJįĶ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijįķ 军 IJıġ ⸜ġ ĴįIJIJ 军 ijı ⸜ġ ĵįijIJ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ ⬠㟉 ⋨ỵġ IJįᶨ凔⛘⋨ġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ ijįῷ怈⛘⋨ġ ⬠㟉 夷㧉ġ IJįIJij 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ ijįIJĴ 军 ijĵ 䎕ġ ĴįijĶ 军 ĵĹ 䎕ġ ĵįĵĺ 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ IJĿijġ IJĿĵġ IJĿijġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ ⬠㟉 㬟⎚ġ IJįijı ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ IJĿĴġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijįijIJ 军 ĵı ⸜ġ ĴįĵIJ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ġ
3.㔁ⷓ㔁做䦳⹎ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴㔁做䦳⹎ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊 ᷳ䞍奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯⼸㖴䓟炷2008炸ˣ岜⋼⽿炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụˤ 4.㔁ⷓ㑼ả借⊁ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢㑼ảᶵ⎴借⊁㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊䞍奢忼栗叿ⶖ䔘炻 ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭ˤ⚃ ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻⯙ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓℤ 䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭烊侴⛐ˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㖶栗 檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟˭ˣˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭冯ˬ䥹ả㔁ⷓ˭烊㚨⼴⛐ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊侴 妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭炻ᶲ徘冯⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ˣ岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˣ 啃㵹剔炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻㔁ⷓℤảᷣả⚈㤕⊁⿏岒䘬暨㯪炻冒 䃞⮵㕤㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ἄ䁢デ⍿㚨㶙炻昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻⎗傥⛐ᷣ奨シ栀ᶳ炻⮵㕤㟉⊁忳ἄ 䘬㓷デ⹎ḇ庫檀ˤ 5.㔁ⷓ㚵⊁⸜屯 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴㚵⊁⸜屯ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊 ᷳ䞍奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯⼸㖴䓟炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ˣ 岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˣ啃㵹剔炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 6.⬠㟉⋨ỵ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉⋨ỵ㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊䞍奢忼栗叿ⶖ䔘炻 侴䞍嬀柀⮶⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻ˬῷ怈⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓ䘮㖶栗檀㕤ˬᶨ凔⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓˤ㬌冯㜿 ㄞ枮炷2007炸ˣ啃㵹剔炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴岜⋼⽿炷2008炸䞼䨞⇯㊯↢ˬ䚜 廬ⶪ˭檀㕤ˬ悱˭䘬⚳⮷炻曾㵹炷2006炸㊯↢ᶨ凔⛘⋨㭼ῷ怈⛘⋨庫慵夾ˬ䞍嬀 ∝㕘˭ˤ⎎⢾炻⏛㶭Ⱉ䫱Ṣ炷2007炸ˣ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄㊯↢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉⋨ỵ 㔁ⷓ䞍奢䞍嬀柀⮶䃉ⶖ䔘ね⼊ˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻昌Ḯ⎗傥ᶨ凔⛘⋨䘬ね⠫庫ῷ怈⛘⋨℟ 庫檀䘬墯暄⹎⢾炻⛐⮹⫸⊾堅㑲ᶳ炻ῷ怈⛘⋨㔁ⷓᶨ凔デ⍿䘬⡻≃庫⣏炻⚈㬌⛐栀 シℐ⽫㈽ℍ㟉⊁ᷳ晃炻冒䃞⛯デ⍿⇘庫檀㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ˤ
7.⬠㟉夷㧉 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢㑼ảᶵ⎴⬠㟉夷㧉㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ⰼ朊䞍奢忼栗叿ⶖ 䔘炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㖶栗檀㕤℞⬫Ⰼ朊ˤ⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊 ᷕ炻ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭冯ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗 檀㕤℞⬫Ⰼ朊㔁ⷓˤ侴⛐ˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗 檀㕤ˬ13 军 24 䎕˭冯ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓˤ侴⛐ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕 炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ㖶栗檀㕤ˬ13 军 24 䎕˭㔁ⷓˤ㬌冯⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ˣ曾㵹炷2006炸ˣ 湫䑲楁炷2007炸ˣ岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˣ啃㵹剔炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯⏛㶭Ⱉ䫱 Ṣ炷2007炸ˣ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻ḇ⎗傥㬠䨞㕤⮷✳⬠㟉⛐㷃 䎕⡻≃冯崭柵㔁ⷓ䘬忋挾堅㑲ᶳ炻ᶨ凔侴妨㔁ⷓ⛯庫㚱⌙㨇シ嬀炻⮵㕤惵⎰㟉攟䞍 嬀柀⮶炻㍸⋯⬠㟉㔜橼㓰傥䘬ン⹎庫䁢䧵㤝炻冒䃞䞍奢䦳⹎ḇ庫檀ˤ 8.⬠㟉㬟⎚ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉㬟⎚ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻㚱 悐↮忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ℞ᷕ昌Ḯ⛐ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭Ⰼ朊ᷕˬ20 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ㖶 栗檀㕤ˬ41 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓ⼿↮炻℞检ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯 ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯湫䑲楁炷2007炸ˣ啃㵹剔炷2008炸䞼䨞 䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯⏛㶭Ⱉ䫱Ṣ炷2007炸ˣ⼸㖴䓟炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭ᷳ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ⶖ䔘↮㜸 ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭⛐⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻㚱悐↮栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ⤪堐 5 䣢烉ġ ġ 堐 5 ġ ᶵ⎴側㘗嬲枭⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⎬Ⰼ朊ⶖ䔘䵄⎰↮㜸㐀天堐ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ġ ġ 側㘗嬲枭ġ 埴㓧䭉 䎮⃒⊊ġ 䳬䷼傥 ≃⃒⊊ġ 䑘⠫姕 ⁁⃒⊊ġ ⋨ỵ⼊ 尉⃒⊊ġ 㔜橼㟉ġ 䪞䇕ġ ⃒⊊ġ ⿏⇍ġ IJį䓟ġ IJĿijġ 䃉ġ IJĿijġ 䃉ġ IJĿijġ ijį⤛ġ ⸜漉ġ IJįĴı 㬚炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijįĴIJ 军 ĵı 㬚ġ ĴįĵIJ 㬚炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ 炷临ᶳ堐炸
堐 5 ġ ĩ临Īġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ġ ġ 側㘗嬲枭ġ 埴㓧䭉 䎮⃒⊊ġ 䳬䷼傥 ≃⃒⊊ġ 䑘⠫姕 ⁁⃒⊊ġ ⋨ỵ⼊ 尉⃒⊊ġ 㔜橼㟉ġ 䪞䇕ġ ⃒⊊ġ 㔁做ġ 䦳⹎ġ IJį⣏⬠炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijį䞼䨞ẍᶲġ 㑼ảġ 借⊁ġ IJį㔁ⷓℤᷣảġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĴġ ĵĿijġ ĵĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ ġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ ijį㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟ġ Ĵį䳂ả㔁ⷓġ ĵį䥹ả㔁ⷓġ 㚵⊁ġ ⸜屯ġ IJįĶ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ 䃉ġ ijįķ 军 IJıġ ⸜ġ ĴįIJIJ 军 ijı ⸜ġ ĵįijIJ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ ⬠㟉ġ ⋨ỵġ IJįᶨ凔⛘⋨ġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ ijĿIJġ 䃉ġ ijĿIJġ ijįῷ怈⛘⋨ġ ⬠㟉ġ 夷㧉ġ IJįIJij 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĵġ ijĿĵġ IJĿijġ IJĿĵġ ijĿĵġ ĴĿĵġ ĴĿIJġ ĴĿijġ ĴĿĵġ IJĿĵġ ĴĿĵġ ijįIJĴ 军 ijĵ 䎕ġ ĴįijĶ 军 ĵĹ 䎕ġ ĵįĵĺ 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ ⬠㟉ġ 㬟⎚ġ IJįijı ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ IJĿĴġ IJĿijġ IJĿĴġ ijįijIJ 军 ĵı ⸜ġ ĴįġĵIJ ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ˤġ ġ ġ IJį⿏⇍ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢䓟⿏冯⤛⿏ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻悐↮ 忼栗叿ⶖ䔘炻⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻⯙ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭冯ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻 䓟⿏㔁ⷓ㖶栗檀㕤⤛⿏㔁ⷓˤ㬌冯㛶慹⧍炷2006炸ˣ⻝㯠ṩ炷2008炸ˣ挦䁛晬炷2008炸 ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˣ㜿⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䳸㝄 ᶵ⎴ˤ
2.⸜漉 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⸜漉ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊ᷳ䞍 奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯⻝㯠ṩ炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯㛶慹⧍炷2006炸ˣ㰒 列⬷炷2008炸ˣ挦䁛晬炷2008炸ˣ漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 3.㔁ⷓ㔁做䦳⹎ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴㔁做䦳⹎ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊 ᷳ䞍奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˣ挦䁛晬炷2008炸ˣ漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼 䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻冯㛶慹⧍炷2006炸ˣ㜿⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ柷䥨⤪炷2006炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 4.㔁ⷓ㑼ả借⊁ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢㑼ảᶵ⎴借⊁ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊䞍奢忼栗叿 ⶖ䔘炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭ˤ ⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻⯙ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓ ℤ䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭烊侴⛐ˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍奢㖶 栗檀㕤ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭烊⛐ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ䥹ả㔁ⷓ˭䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁 ⷓℤ䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭烊㚨⼴⛐ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊侴妨炻ˬ㔁ⷓℤᷣả˭䞍 奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㔁ⷓℤ䳬攟˭冯ˬ䳂ả㔁ⷓ˭炻ᶲ徘冯㛶慹⧍炷2006炸ˣ㜿⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ ⻝㯠ṩ炷2008炸ˣ柷䥨⤪炷2006炸ˣ漸攳➢炷2005炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯挦䁛晬炷2008炸 ᶵ⎴ˤ 5.㔁ⷓ㚵⊁⸜屯 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴㚵⊁⸜屯ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊冯⎬↮Ⰼ朊 ᷳ䞍奢䘮㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ㬌冯挦䁛晬炷2008炸䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụ炻侴冯㛶慹⧍炷2006炸ˣ 㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˣ㜿⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⎴ˤ 6.⬠㟉⋨ỵ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉⋨ỵᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻悐 ↮忼栗叿ⶖ䔘炻⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻昌Ḯˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭㛒忼栗叿ⶖ䔘⢾炻℞检ˬ埴 㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭ˣˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭冯ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬῷ怈⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓ䘮㖶栗 檀㕤ˬᶨ凔⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓˤ㬌冯㜿⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ挦䁛晬炷2008炸ˣ柷䥨⤪炷2006炸䳸 㝄䚠Ụ炻侴㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˣ岜䁓炷2006炸⇯㊯↢ˬ悥ⶪ⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤
ˬῷ怈⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓ炻漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䘤䎦ˬ⊿悐⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ㜙 悐⛘⋨˭㔁ⷓˤ 7.⬠㟉夷㧉 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢㑼ảᶵ⎴⬠㟉夷㧉㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊䞍奢忼栗叿ⶖ 䔘炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭冯ˬ25 军 48 䎕˭㔁ⷓ↮⇍䞍奢㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㖶栗檀㕤 ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓˤ⚃ᾳ↮Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻⛐ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍ ᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢檀㕤℞⬫Ⰼ朊㔁ⷓˤ侴⛐ˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭ 㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ25 军 48 䎕˭冯ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓ炻⎎⢾ˬ13 军 24 䎕˭㔁 ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓˤ⛐ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍ ᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢㖶栗檀㕤ˬ13 军 24 䎕˭冯ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓ炻⎎⢾ˬ13 军 24 䎕˭ 冯ˬ25 军 48 䎕˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢⇯↮⇍㖶栗檀㕤ˬ49炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓˤ㚨⼴⛐ˬ⋨ỵ⼊ 尉⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ25 军 48 䎕˭㔁ⷓ䞍奢⇯↮⇍㖶栗檀㕤℞⬫Ⰼ朊㔁ⷓˤᶲ徘䳸㝄栗 䣢⮷✳夷㧉⬠㟉㔁ⷓ⣏农䘮㭼⣏✳夷㧉⬠㟉㔁ⷓ䞍奢庫檀䘬⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻㬌冯㜿 ⬇䐄炷2007炸ˣ岜䁓炷2006炸ẍ⍲挦䁛晬炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụˤ侴㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˣ 柷䥨⤪炷2006炸冯漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦⣏✳夷㧉⬠㟉㔁ⷓ⣏农䘮㭼⮷✳夷 㧉⬠㟉㔁ⷓ䞍奢庫檀䘬⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 8.⬠㟉㬟⎚ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉㬟⎚ᷳ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⛐㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊Ⰼ朊䞍奢㛒忼栗 叿ⶖ䔘ˤ昌Ḯ⛐ˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭冯ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ20 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁 ⷓ㖶栗檀㕤ˬ41 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲ˭㔁ⷓ⼿↮炻℞检ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭冯ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒ ⊊˭Ⰼ朊炻ˬ20 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳ˭㔁ⷓ䘮㖶栗檀㕤ˬ21 军 40 ⸜˭ẍ⍲ˬ41 ⸜炷⏓炸ẍ ᶲ˭㔁ⷓ⼿↮ˤ㬌冯漸攳➢炷2005炸䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụˤġ
Πȃġ ҕωᏰਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᇄᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖ϞࣺᜰϷݙġ
ġ ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ℠✳䚠斄↮㜸⤪堐 ķ 䣢ˤġ 䴻䓙℠✳䚠斄↮㜸ᷳ⼴炻⎗ẍ䘤䎦㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻℟㚱Ḵ䳬 ℠✳⚈䳈炷.736烊.311炸忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻⎗夳㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷣ天䴻䓙䫔ᶨ䳬℠✳⚈䳈 ⼙枧⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎗妋慳⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䷥嬲䔘慷䘬 38.088 炴ˤ⽆℠✳䚠斄䘬䳸㥳Ὢ㔠侴妨炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊⼿↮グ檀炻℞⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊⎬Ⰼ朊グ檀ˤ䔞㟉攟グ傥㈖㺼⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬炻⺢䩳屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘炻⟹忈⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾炻⮎㕥䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳炻⇯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ˣ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ˣ 䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊ˣ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊グ檀ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⚾ 6ġ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ℠✳䚠斄↮㜸嶗⼹⚾ġ 䨞℞⍇⚈炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶Ὢ㊯㟉攟⛐䘤㎖䞍嬀䭉䎮≇傥冯㓗㎜䞍嬀䘤⯽䘬➢䢶 ᶲ炻忳䓐⮰㤕柀⮶ἄ䁢炻㈖㺼䳪幓⬠佺䘬℠䭬炻⺢䩳屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘冯⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾炻 ᷎庼ẍ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳䘬㕡⺷炻Ὣ忚⬠㟉㔜橼䷦㓰ˤ忁䧖柀⮶ἄ䁢炻㬋⎗㔜⎰⬠㟉ℏ ⢾屯㸸炻⃭↮Ὣ忚栗⿏冯晙⿏䞍嬀䘬Ṍ㳩炻᷎忚侴∝忈䳬䷼₡ῤ炻⺢䩳⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒ ⊊ˤ㛔䞼䨞冯岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˣCavaleri 䫱Ṣ炷2005炸ˣHolspple 冯 Singh炷2001炸 䫱Ṣ䘬䞼䨞䳸㝄䚠Ụˤ
έȃġ ҕωᏰਮߝޣᜋሴᏲᄇܻᐌᡝᏰਮᝯތᓺ༖ϞႱกϷݙġ
堐 6 䁢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬⎹⹎枸㷔ˬ㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊˭ᷳ⣂⃫徜㬠↮㜸㐀天堐ˤ 䓙堐ᷕ⎗䞍炻⚃ᾳ枸㷔嬲枭枸㷔㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㗪炻忚ℍ徜㬠㕡䦳⺷䘬栗叿嬲枭⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬ġ
屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘ġ
⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾ġ
䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳ġ
χ
1埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊
䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊
䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊
⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊
χ
2η
1η
2 .929 .145 .954 -.19 .952 -.02 .796 .474.73
.31
.871 .954 .718 .721 -.03 -.17 .323 .678ὅ⸷䁢ˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭ˣˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭冯ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛ ⎘˭䫱⚃枭ˤ ᶲ徘⚃ᾳ嬲枭䷥ℙ⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ 50.9%䘬嬲䔘慷炻ˬ⎰ἄᾉả㔯⊾˭ ⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ 45.6%炻ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ 3.9%炻 ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊.9%炻ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊.4%ˤ℞ᷕˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬嬲䔘慷㚨⣏ˤ⽆㧁 㸾⊾徜㬠Ὢ㔠Ἦ䚳炻ˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭ˣˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭冯 ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭䘬徜㬠Ὢ㔠⛯䁢㬋炻堐䣢忁⚃ᾳ嬲枭⮵㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬⼙枧 䁢㬋⎹炻Ṏ⌛⮵㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⛯℟⎹㬋⎹䘬妋慳≃ˤġ ġ 堐ķġ ġ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊枸㷔ˬ㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊˭徜㬠↮㜸㐀天堐ġ ㈽ℍ嬲枭枮⸷ġ ⣂ ⃫ 徜 㬠 Ὢ 㔠 㰢⭂Ὢ㔠 œƳ䳗䧵慷ġ 㰢⭂Ὢ㔠 œƳ⡆≈慷ġ ȡὪ 㔠ġ Ň ῤġ ⎰ ἄ ∝ 㕘 㔯 ⊾ .676 .456 .456 .222 441.69*** ⮰ 㤕 柀 ⮶ ℠ 䭬 .704 .496 .039 .278 257.92*** 䲣 䴙 姽 Ộ ⚆ 棳 .711 .505 .009 .126 178.21*** 屯 妲 ⬠ 佺 ⸛ ⎘ .714 .509 .004 .148 135.78*** ⁁姣烉īīīġű烋įııIJġ
ӂȃ๖፣ᇄ࡚ដġ
㛔䪈ℙ↮Ḵ䭨炻䫔ᶨ䭨䁢䳸婾炻㟡㒂ᷣ天䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦㬠䲵㔜䎮炻䫔Ḵ䭨䁢⺢嬘炻 ⯙䞼䨞䳸婾㍸↢䚠斄℟橼⺢嬘炻ẍ㍸ὃ㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ˣ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟 䁢㍸⋯⬠㟉 䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ⍫侫ˤġΙȃ๖፣ġ
ġ ġ ġ ġ 㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄↮㜸ˣ㬠䲵炻㍸↢ẍᶳ䞼䨞䳸婾烉ġġ 炷ᶨ炸㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ㔜橼䎦㱩列⤥ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㔜橼䘬ἄ䁢炻忼ᷕᶲ䦳⹎炻᷎ẍˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ 㚨檀炻侴ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭⼿↮㚨Ỷˤ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㔜橼䘬ἄ䁢炻ḇ 忼ᷕᶲ䦳⹎炻᷎ẍˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭㚨檀炻侴ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭⼿↮㚨Ỷˤġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸悐↮側㘗嬲枭ᶳ㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊℟㚱栗叿ⶖ䔘ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ IJį⛐ˬ㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶˭ˣˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻䓟 ⿏⛯⃒㕤⤛⿏㔁ⷓˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㕡朊炻⛐ˬ㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊˭ˣˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒ ⊊˭冯ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻䓟⿏⛯⃒㕤⤛⿏㔁ⷓˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ijį⛐ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭ˣˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆ 棳˭䫱⚃ᾳⰌ朊炻ℤảᷣả㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤䳂ả㔁ⷓˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㕡朊炻昌Ḯˬ䑘 ⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭䁢䥹ả㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤ℤả䳬攟冯䳂ả㔁ⷓ⢾炻ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭ˣˬ䳬 ䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭冯ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭⇯䁢ℤảᷣả㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤ℤả䳬攟冯䳂ả㔁ⷓˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ Ĵį⛐ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭ˣˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆ 棳˭䫱⚃ᾳⰌ朊炻䘤䎦ῷ怈⛘⋨㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤ᶨ凔⛘⋨㔁ⷓˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㕡朊炻 ⛐ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭ˣˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭冯ˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭䫱ᶱᾳⰌ朊炻䘤䎦ῷ 怈⛘⋨㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤ᶨ凔⛘⋨㔁ⷓˤ ġ ġ 4.⛐ˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭ˣˬ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭冯ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆ 棳˭䫱⚃ᾳⰌ朊炻䘤䎦 12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤 13 军 24 䎕㔁ⷓˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒ ⊊㕡朊炻昌Ḯˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭⢾炻25 军 48 䎕㔁ⷓ檀㕤⮷✳冯⣏✳⬠㟉㔁ⷓ炻℞检 埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊ˣ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊冯䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊Ⰼ朊炻12 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳ㔁ⷓ⛯檀㕤 49 䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲ㔁ⷓˤ 5.⛐ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭Ⰼ朊炻䘤䎦20⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳ㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤41⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶲ 㔁ⷓˤ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㕡朊炻⛐ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮⃒⊊˭ˣˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭ˣˬ䑘⠫姕⁁⃒⊊˭ 冯ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭䫱⚃ᾳⰌ朊炻䘤䎦20⸜炷⏓炸ẍᶳ㔁ⷓ⼿↮檀㕤41⸜炷⏓炸ẍ ᶲ㔁ⷓˤ 炷ᶱ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊℟㚱栗叿㬋䚠斄⬀⛐ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ攻℟㚱Ḵ䳬℠✳⚈䳈忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻シ⌛⯽䎦 ⃒岒㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶傥≃炻㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ 炷⚃炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶傥㚱㓰枸㷔⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊
㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶枸㷔㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⍲⎬Ⰼ朊ᶲ忼⇘栗叿䘬枸㷔≃ˤ℞ᷕˬ⎰ ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾˭ˣˬ⮰㤕柀⮶℠䭬˭ˣˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭冯ˬ屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘˭䷥ℙ⎗ 妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ 50.9%䘬嬲䔘慷ˤ
Πȃ࡚ដġ
ὅ㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢䚠斄䞼䨞⺢嬘炻ẍ㍸ὃ㔁做埴㓧ᷣ䭉㨇斄ˣ⚳㮹⮷ ⬠⍫侫ᷳ䓐烉 炷ᶨ炸⮵㔁做埴㓧ᷣ䭉㨇斄 1.慵夾㟉攟⮰㤕➡妻᷎溻⊝㔁ⷓ⃭↮⍫冯炻⺢䩳⬠㟉⚆棳㔯⊾ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭Ⰼ朊㗗㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ἄ䁢墉㚨暨天⻟⊾䘬ℏ 㵝ᷳᶨˤẍ㔁做埴㓧㨇斄⎗德忶䚠斄䞼佺冯ℐ䷋⿏㔁做↲䈑炻⺢䩳㟉晃㔁ⷓ⚆棳 䘬⸛⎘炻溻⊝㔁ⷓ⃭↮⍫冯᷎堐忼゛㱽炻忚侴⋼≑┇䘤⬠㟉⚆棳䘬ℙ嬀炻⋗倂姽Ộ ⚆棳㔯⊾炻嬻ℐ㟉㔁ⷓ䘮傥橼娵⇘䞍嬀䭉䎮朆⎒㗗㟉攟㍐≽䘬屔ả炻ḇ冯⣏⭞㚱 叿⭮ᶵ⎗↮䘬斄Ὢˤġ ġ ijį句⮎㟉⊁姽揹᷎㈽ℍ㔁做屯㸸炻㍸⋯䣦⋨⭞攟娵⎴ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊㗗⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊㚨暨天⻟⊾䘬ℏ㵝ᷳ ᶨ炻侴ˬ䲣䴙姽Ộ⚆棳˭⇯㗗⮵ˬ⋨ỵ⼊尉⃒⊊˭枸㷔嬲䔘慷㚨檀䘬Ⰼ朊ˤ䎦Ṳ⭞ 攟㔁做怠㑯㪲冯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕冒ᷣ⎴㧋⍿⇘慵夾炻䡢⮎暨天剙屣㤝⣏䘬⽫≃冯䣦⋨⭞攟 䎮⿏㹅忂炻忼ㆸ㔁做ℙ嬀ˤẍ㔁做埴㓧㨇斄⎗德忶㟉⊁姽揹㕡⺷炻⮯⬠㟉冯䣦⋨ 屯㸸㔜⎰ね⼊䲵ℍ姽Ộℏ⭡炻㽨⊝⬠㟉慵夾䣦⋨屯㸸䘬䳸⎰炻䧵㤝⺢䩳⬠㟉⼊尉ˤ 㔁做埴㓧㨇斄䴻䓙㟉⊁姽揹冯屯㸸墄≑䘬䧵㤝ἄ䁢炻⺢䩳⬠㟉⃒岒䘬⼊尉炻㕡⎗㍸ ⋯䣦⋨⭞攟䘬娵⎴ˤġ ġ Ĵįℐ㟉攟⮰㤕侫㟠炻㍸⋯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶↮㔠グ檀侭炻℞䞍奢⇘⬠㟉䪞䇕 ⃒⊊ḇグ檀炻䈡⇍⛐䫔ᶨ䳬℠✳⚈䳈ᷕ炻䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊䘬䳸㥳Ὢ㔠檀忼įĺĶĵ炻䓙㬌⎗ 䞍㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䘬忳ἄね⼊炻冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬䘤⯽〗〗䚠斄炻᷎ẍ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ 㚨檀ˤẍ⺢嬘㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ㅱℐ㟉攟侫㟠⇞⹎炻ẍ䷦㓰屔ả䘬䎮⾝炻⮯䳬䷼傥 ≃⃒⊊↿ℍᷣ天侫㟠枭䚖炻᷎庼ẍ䚠斄䪞䇕⃒⊊ℏ㵝炻溻⊝㟉攟傥⚈ㅱ⣂⃫嬲⊾䘬㔁做䑘⠫炻㍉⍾䚠䔞䘬䞍嬀柀⮶ἄ䁢炻㍸⋯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤġ ġ ĵį慵夾㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶炻溻⊝彎⬠䷦㓰列⤥⬠㟉ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⚃ᾳ嬲枭炻䷥ℙ⎗妋慳㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ Ķıįĺ 炴炻䈡⇍ẍ⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾妋慳嬲䔘慷㚨⣏ˤ䓙㬌⎗䞍炻㔁做埴㓧㨇斄ㅱ慵夾㟉攟䞍 嬀柀⮶䘬䘤㎖炻䧵㤝➡做㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶䘬䞍傥炻᷎溻⊝忳䓐䞍嬀柀⮶ἄ䁢䴻䆇⬠㟉炻 ℟橼㕡㱽⊭⏓⎗㒜⣏彎䎮䞍嬀柀⮶⮰㤕䞼佺ˣ⺢䩳䞍嬀柀⮶㧁䪧⬠佺℠䭬ˣ䞼㒔䞍 嬀柀⮶忳䓐㊯㧁ˣ䶐㒔㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ㇳℲˣ⺢䩳㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⬠佺䣦佌䵚䪁䫱ˤġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸⮵⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟ġ ġ IJį㟉攟㕥⯽䥹㈨柀⮶炻⺢㥳屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘炻⺢䩳䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊⎬Ⰼ朊炻ẍˬ屯妲⬠佺 ⸛⎘˭冯ˬ䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊˭Ⰼ朊㚱㚨檀⹎䘬䚠斄ˤ⺢嬘㟉攟ㅱ⍫惴䥹㈨柀⮶㤪⾝炻 ┬䓐屯妲䥹㈨炻⺢㥳⬴┬䘬屯妲⬠佺⸛⎘炻啱䓙㟉攟⺢䩳屯妲㳩忂冯䞍嬀⬠佺䘬⸛ ⎘➢䢶炻㚱㓰䌯䘬㍐≽䳬䷼⬠佺冯䞍嬀∝㕘炻⺢䩳⬠㟉䘬䳬䷼傥≃⃒⊊ˤġ ġ ijį㟉攟暨䧵㤝䆇忈⎰ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾炻㍸⋯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊䘮傥枸㷔㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻⯌℞ẍ⎰ ἄ∝㕘㔯⊾䘬妋慳嬲䔘慷㚨檀ˤ⚈㬌㟉攟ㅱ䥱㊩䧵㤝攳㓦䘬⽫ン炻䆇忈⎰ἄᾉả冯 䳬䷼∝㕘䘬㔯⊾炻℟橼㕡⺷⊭⏓⺢䩳㟉ℏ䞍嬀⮰㤕䣦佌炻溻⊝憅⮵㔁做⎬⮰㤕柀➇ ↮ṓ冯Ṍ㳩炻Ὣ忚⣏⭞䘬ᾉảデ烊᷎ᶵ㕟⯙㟉ℏ㔁ⷓ⛀昲≒≃䘬ㆸ㝄炻Ḱẍ怑䔞䘬 㬋⎹偗⭂冯䋶⊝炻➡梲⼤㬌䘬⎰ἄ満⣹炻⭡姙㔁ⷓ䘬▿娎拗婌炻攳䘤⣂⃫∝シ㥳⿅炻 妻䶜ℐ㟉㔁ⷓ⎴ṩ䘬∝シ⿅侫冯㧉⺷炻㍸⋯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤġ ġ Ĵį⡆≈⮵⤛⿏㔁ⷓ䘬斄㆟冯⋼≑炻㽨⊝⍫冯㟉⊁シ栀ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻⤛⿏㔁ⷓ⛐䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻⛯ Ỷ㕤䓟⿏㔁ⷓˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥䁢⤛⿏㔁ⷓ⛐⁛䴙奨⾝冯⭞⹕⚈䳈䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻⍿旸 㕤ⶍἄ冯⭞⹕䘬暁慵⡻≃炻⮵㕤冒幓㛒Ἦ䘬㔁做䓇㵗夷∫庫䃉ẩ⚾⽫ˤ⚈㬌⺢嬘㟉 攟⎗怑㗪憅⮵⤛⿏㔁ⷓ䈡⿏炻䴎Ḱ埴㓧䘬⋼≑冯䓇㳣䘬斄㆟炻昌Ḯ⎗⸓≑⤛⿏㔁ⷓ ㊩临 ⤥㔁⬠ⶍἄ⢾炻ḇ⎗㽨⊝⍫冯⬠㟉ḳ⊁䘬シ栀炻㒜⣏ℐ㟉㓗㊩㟉⊁䘤⯽䘬朊 ⎹炻㚜傥㚱≑㕤㔜橼㟉⊁ᷳ㍐⯽ˤġ ġ ĵį㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ⍫冯埴㓧㨇㚫炻⡆≈ㆸ⒉⮵㕤⬠㟉娵⎴デġ
㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻ℤảᷣảᷳ㔁ⷓ⛐䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒ ⊊炻⛯檀㕤ℤả䳬䷼冯䳂ả㔁ⷓˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥䁢ℤảᷣả⚈㤕⊁暨㯪炻⮵㕤㟉 ⊁䘤⯽ン⹎ᶲ庫䁢䧵㤝炻ḇ庫Ḯ妋⬠㟉䘬㔜橼⃒⊊Ⰼ朊炻侴⽆⎎ᶨ朊⎹⿅侫炻ḇẋ 堐⬠㟉ḳ⊁䘬䘤⯽⮎晃ᶲ㚱⮹㔠㔁ⷓ䘬⍫冯炻⚈㬌⺢嬘㟉攟ㅱᷣ≽㍸ὃ㔁ⷓ⍫冯 埴㓧䘬㨇㚫炻⺢䩳借ỵ廒婧㨇⇞炻嬻ᶵ⎴㔁ⷓḇ⍫冯埴㓧ⶍἄ炻➡梲⮵⬠㟉ḳ⊁䘬 ⍫冯デˤġ ġ Ķį㟉攟傥ᷣ≽斄⽫㔁ⷓ炻⡆≈Ḻ≽㨇㚫炻⺢䩳圵㳥㯃⚵ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻ᶨ凔⛘⋨⬠㟉㔁ⷓ⛐䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒ ⊊炻⛯Ỷ㕤ῷ怈⛘⋨⬠㟉㔁ⷓˤ䨞℞⍇⚈炻⎗傥䁢ᶨ凔⛘⋨⭞攟㔁做斄㲐庫檀炻ℵ ≈ᶲ朊⮵⎬䧖㔁做㓡朑炻䃉婾⯙㟉ℏ䑘⠫冯⭞攟暨㯪炻⛯庫ῷ怈⛘⋨墯暄ˤ⚈㬌⺢ 嬘ᶨ凔⛘⋨冯ᷳ㟉攟ㅱ⎗德忶Ṣḳ⭌⺢䩳㔁ⷓṢ≃屯㕁⹓炻ᷣ≽斄⽫㔁ⷓ䎦㱩炻⇑ 䓐㟉ℏᶵ⎴䘬㗪㨇冯⟜⎰炻䧵㤝Ḯ妋㔁ⷓ⚘暋炻᷎⣂⍫≈㔁ⷓ⮰㤕䣦佌炻⡆≈⼤㬌 Ḻ≽㨇㚫炻䷖䞕㟉攟冯㔁ⷓ䘬嶅暊炻⺢䩳圵㳥㯃⚵炻⡆忚⬠㟉䘬⃒⊊ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ķį㟉攟忳䓐䞍嬀⁛廠⸛⎘炻㒜⣏䞍嬀柀⮶⼙枧䭬⚵ġ 㛔䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻IJij䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶳᷳ㔁ⷓ炻⛐䞍奢㔜橼㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᶲ炻⛯檀 㕤℞⬫夷㧉⬠㟉㔁ⷓ炻侴䞍奢㔜橼⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻⇯ḇ檀㕤ĵĺ䎕炷⏓炸ẍᶲ⬠㟉ᷳ 㔁ⷓˤᶲ徘ẋ堐Ḯ⮷✳⬠㟉㔁ⷓ㘖念⛯䞍奢庫Ἓ䘬㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊炻 䨞℞⍇⚈炻
⎗傥⮷✳⬠㟉⛐㷃䎕⡻≃冯崭柵㔁ⷓ䘬忋挾堅㑲ᶳ炻㔁ⷓ⮵㕤惵⎰
㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥ン⹎庫䁢䧵㤝炻冒䃞䞍奢䦳⹎ḇ庫檀ˤ
晾䃞㟉攟䞍 嬀柀⮶ᷳ䘤㎖炻㚫⍿⇘⬠㟉夷㧉䘬⼙枧炻ṵ⺢嬘㟉攟⎗ẍ忳䓐䞍嬀⁛廠⸛⎘炻墄嵛 ᶵ⎴⬠㟉夷㧉䘬⼙枧䦳⹎ˤἳ⤪烉⺢䩳㟉攟冯㔁ⷓ⚢⭂㚫㘌㗪攻炻㟉攟⇑䓐ᶳ⋰勞 䫱庫䁢庽檮䘬㗪攻炻冯㔁ⷓ忚埴㶙ℍ冯ℐ㕡ỵ䘬⮵娙炻昌Ḯ娵䞍㔁ⷓ㔁⬠䘤⯽䘬⚘ ⠫⢾炻ḇ⎗嬻㔁ⷓ橼娵㟉攟柀⮶䘬䎮⾝冯ἄ䁢炻⎴㗪᷎⎗┬䓐屯妲䥹㈨炻⺢䩳㟉攟 ᾉ䭙ˣ䔁妨䇰䫱㕡⺷炻旵Ỷ㟉ℏ䞍嬀⁛廠䘬句ⶖˤ㬌䫱㚱⼊冯䃉⼊䘬㕡⺷炻䘮⎗㒜 ⣏䞍嬀柀⮶䘬⼙枧䭬⚵炻妋㰢ᶵ⎴⬠㟉夷㧉⼊ㆸᷳⶖ䔘ˤġՃМᝦġ
㕡军㮹炷2000炸ˤẩ㤕䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ冢⊿烉⇵䦳ẩ䭉ˤ 䌳⤪⒚ˣ湫㚰䲼炷嬗炸炷2004炸ˤ炷Sallis, E.炵Jones, G.叿炸ˤ㔁做䞍嬀䭉䎮ˤ冢⊿烉Ḽ ⋿ˤ⎠⼺忼岊炷1995炸ˤ䫾䔍䭉䎮ˤ冢⊿烉怈㳩ˤ 㛙䀤㔯炷嬗炸炷2006炸ˤ炷Nesheim J. L.叿炸ˤ䳽⮵䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ冢⊿烉⣑ᶳˤ 㛙┇厗炷2006炸ˤ婾⽟⚳檀䫱㔁做㍸⋯䪞䇕≃䘬シ佑冯┇䣢ˤ⇅䫱㔁做⬠↲炻24炻 37–58ˤ ⏛㖶昮炷2007炸ˤSPSS 㑵ἄ冯ㅱ䓐–⓷⌟䴙妰↮㜸⮎⊁ˤ冢⊿烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⏛⿅厗炷2000炸ˤ䫾䔍ḅ婒ˤ冢⊿烉❶恎㔯⊾ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2002a炸ˤ㍸⋯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃䘬䎮⾝冯䫾䔍ˤ冢䀋㔁做炻613炻2–10ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2002b炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ庱㕤⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠㔁做⬠䞼䨞ᷣ䶐炻䞍 嬀䭉䎮冯㔁做朑㕘䘤⯽䞼妶㚫婾㔯普炷ᶲ炸炷䫔 99–118 枩炸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ烉㔁做悐ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ㜿⣑䣸炷2004炸ˤ䞍嬀柀⮶炻㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻119炻150ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ㜿⣑䣸炷2005炸ˤ䪞䇕⃒⊊ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻138炻162ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ湫㖕懆ˣ㰇ッ厗ˣ檀⭞㔴ˣ岜⋼⽿ˣ㜿Ἓ⭄ˣ昛Ṗ⏃炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠ 㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶㧉⺷ᷳ⺢㥳炷䱦䯉䇰炸ˤ⚳䥹㚫⮰柴䞼䨞ㆸ㝄⟙⏲炷NSC 94–2413–H–133–003炸ˤ㛒↢䇰ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ湫㖕懆ˣ岜⋼⽿ˣ⻝晭⥖ˣ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶慷堐 ᷳ⺢㥳冯忳䓐炷䱦䯉䇰炸ˤ⚳䥹㚫⮰柴䞼䨞ㆸ㝄⟙⏲炷NSC 95–2413–H–133–002炸ˤ㛒↢䇰ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉˣ岜⋼⽿炷2007炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ᷳ䞼䨞烉奺刚䞍奢冯嶸埴ˤ㔁做 冯⽫䎮䞼䨞炻30炷2炸炻1–29ˤ 㰒列⬷炷2008炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟嬲朑柀⮶ˣ㔁ⷓ䳬䷼㈧媦冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ ⚳䩳剙咖㔁做⣏⬠⚳㮹㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻剙咖ˤ 㜿㔯⮞ˣ嫅䥱呱冯湫⽿䤍炷嬗炸炷2005炸ˤ炷Walker G.叿炸ˤ䫾䔍䭉䎮烉ẩ㤕䪞䇕 ⃒⊊ˤ冢⊿烉㘖㜿㕗枻ˤ 㜿㯠寸炷2007炸ˤ䐆℠䘬檀䫱㔁做㓡朑冯ℍ⬠⇞⹎嬲怟ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻153炻126–135ˤ 㜿⬇䐄炷2006炸ˤ檀晬䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠䳬䷼䳬㕘ˣ⬠㟉埴扟䫾䔍冯䪞䇕⃒⊊斄Ὢᷳ䞼 䨞ˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ 㜿⧱⤪炷2006炸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ㍐≽⃒岒⬠㟉㔁做㓧䫾ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做㓧 䫾冯埴㓧䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 㜿屜伶ˣ∱岊ὲ炷2006炸ˤ㱽⚳㚨役䘬㔁做㓡朑烉屣晵㔁㓡ˤ㔁做屯㕁普↲炻32炻157–176ˤ 㜿㕘䘤ˣ湫䥳搦炷2008炸ˤA Study of the Relationships among Junior High School Principals Knowledge Leadership, Learning Community and Effectiveness of School Innovation Management in Taiwanˤ庱㕤伶⚳Ṇ⇑㟹恋ⶆ,沛↘❶ⶪ湹ⲥ察㚫嬘ᷕ ⽫(Black Canyon Conference Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA)4 㚰 14-16 㖍冱埴ᷳˬ伶Ṇ
㔁做ềỜ檀Ⲙ㚫嬘(2008 America-Asia Education Partnership Summit)˭婾㔯普ˤ 㜿ㄞ枮炷2007炸ˤ⋿㈽䷋⚳㮹ᷕ⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶奢䞍冯⮎嶸ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢⊿㔁 做⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 劫䅦㔯炷2002炸ˤ⚳⮷㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ˣ㔁ⷓ䳬䷼㈧媦冯⬠㟉䳬䷼䷦㓰ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳 冢䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 劫䅦㔯ˣ昛⫧䪡炷2009炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮傥≃冯㔁⬠⑩岒斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ 㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹⬠↲炻8炻53-76ˤ ⼸㖴䓟炷2007炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁 做⣏⬠㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ ⻝㔯㪲炷2008炸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ⃒岒⬠㟉㓧䫾↮㜸ˤ⎘䀋㔁做炻650炻50-56ˤ ⻝㯠ṩ炷2008炸ˤ⚳⮷㟉攟廱✳柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼∝㕘冯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳檀晬 ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ㆸṢ㔁做䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ ⻝晭⥖炷2008炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ冢⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠ 㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炷2009炸ˤ䷋ⶪ⇍㔁ⷓ㔠炷88焍97 ⬠⸜⹎炸ˤ2010 ⸜ 3 㚰 4 㖍炻⍾冒 http://www.edu.tw/files/site_content/b0013/teacher.xls 㚡⬠ṩ炷2007炸ˤㆹ⚳℔䩳檀䳂借㤕⬠㟉䪞䇕≃㊯㧁⺢㥳ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ 㔁做⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 曾㵹炷2006炸ˤᷕ悐⛘⋨⚳㮹ᷕ⮷⬠㟉攟ㅱ䓐䞍嬀✳柀⮶ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳㙐⋿⚳晃⣏ ⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯埴㓧⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⋿㈽ˤ 湫䑲楁炷2007炸ˤ㟫⚺䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯⬠㟉∝㕘䴻䆇㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ ⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾冯䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 㣲朄⭄炷2006炸ˤ冢䀋檀䥹㈨䓊㤕䞍嬀柀⮶ˣ⒉ⶍ䞍嬀㳣≽埴䁢冯⬠佺ㆸ㓰斄Ὢ㧉⺷ ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ攟㥖⣏⬠䴻䆇䭉䎮䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘⋿ˤ 㗍㔯炷2002炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⬠㟉埴㓧⮎晃ㅱ䓐ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ庱㕤⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠㔁做⬠ 䞼䨞ᷣ䶐炻䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁做朑㕘䘤⯽䞼妶㚫婾㔯普炷ᶳ炸炷615–661 枩炸ˤ冢⊿ ⶪ炻㔁做悐ˤ 叱忋䤢ˣ⻝懧炷2002炸ˤ䞍嬀✳䳬䷼䎮⾝⛐冢䀋㔁做埴㓧ᷳㅱ䓐ˤ庱㕤⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏ ⬠㔁做⬠䞼䨞ᷣ䶐炻䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁做朑㕘䘤⯽䞼妶㚫婾㔯普炷ᶳ炸炻炷551–570 枩炸ˤ冢⊿ⶪ烉㔁做悐ˤ
∱Ṕ炷嬗炸炷2000炸ˤ炷Arthur Anderson Business Consulting 叿炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬䫔ᶨ㛔 㚠ˤ冢⊿烉⓮␐↢䇰ˤ
哉㖶廅炷2004炸ˤ䘤⯽䞍嬀䭉䎮㍸⋯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃ᷳ㍊妶ˤ䞼佺屯妲炻21炷4炸炻72–80ˤ 岜⋼⽿炷2008炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ冢⊿ⶪ 䩳㔁做⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 岜䁓炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠ℐ䎫⊾䎦㱩冯⬠㟉䪞䇕≃ᷳ斄Ὢ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠ 㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢ᷕˤ 啃㵹剔炷2008炸ˤ冢⊿䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ∝㕘㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ ⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠婚䦳冯㔁⬠䞼䨞䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 挦䁛晬炷2008炸ˤ⯷㜙䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶傥≃ˣ⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼 䨞ˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ 柷䥨⤪炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⮷⬠∝㕘䴻䆇冯䪞䇕⃒⊊ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳冢䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做 ⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻冢⊿ˤ 漸攳➢炷2005炸ˤ䥩䩳㈨⮰㟉昊䳬䷼ℵ忈䴻䆇䫾䔍冯⬠㟉䪞䇕⃒⊊斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⚳䩳 ⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ⶍ㤕㔁做冯㈨埻⬠䲣⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⼘⊾ˤ
Amidon, D. M., 炵 Macnamara, D.(2000). 7C of knowledge leadership: Innovating our
future. Retrieved December 10, 2009, from
http://www.entovation.com/whatsnew/leadership-7cs.htm Ansoff, I.(1965). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cavaleri, S., Seivert, s.,炵Lee, L.W.(2005). Knowledge leadership烉The art and science of the knowledge-based organization. London: Elsevier Buterworth Heinemann.
Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. A.(1995). Competing on resources烉Strategy in the 1990s.
Harvard Business Review, 73, 118-128.
Grant, G. J.(2005). The return of the hero's journey: Corporate culture and
individuation. Ph.D. dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, California. Retrieved
February 21, 2010, from Dissertations & Theses: A&I database. (Publication No. AAT 3173610).
Holsapple, C. W., 炵 Singh, M.(2001). The knowledge chain model: Activities for competitiveness. Expert systems with Applications, 20(1), 77-98.
Hewlett, R.(2006). The cognitive leader: Building winning organizations through
knowledge leadership. Lanham, MD: Roman 炵 Littlefield Education.
Lakshman, C.(2007). Organization knowledge leadership: a grounded theory approach.
Leadership and organization development journal. 28(1), 51-75.
Merriam-webster.Competition.Online:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/co-mp etition, 2009.
Mooney, A.(2007). Core competence, distinctive competence, and competitive advantage: What is the difference? Journal of Education for Business, 83(2), 110-115.
Porter, M.(1985). Competitive advantage. Boston, MA: Free Press.
U.S. Department of Education(2008). Fiscal year(FY)2009 Performance plan. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from
http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/2009plan/fy09perfplan.pdf
Viitala, R.(2004). Towards knowledge leadership. Leadership 炵 Organization Development Journal, 25(6), 528-544.
