with the highly popular commercial desktop sharing solution TeamViewer.
ID: 625 PO-01: 49
Principles of design, implementation and testing of external pacemakers
Tomáš Klinkovský and Marek Penhaker
VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.
This paper describes the design of a bipolar external pacemaker for temporary pacing, including impor-tant practice implementation. The prototype pacemaker was designed for analogue sensing and stimulation by microprocessor control with the low-est possible amount of power consumption (20 days from one 9V battery). The pacemaker meets the latest requirements of CSN, EN, IEC and ANSI. It was suc-cessfully tested under clinical conditions.
ID: 634 PO-01: 50
A volume-preserving free-form deformation technique for customising a face model to another configuration Tim Wu and Kumar Mithraratne
Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
This article presents a volume-preserving free-form deformation technique that can be used to customise a face model generated from magnetic resonance (MR) images into another configuration using only the surface (skin) data. This customisation process is useful when comparing anatomical measurements between datasets that may have undergone a differ-ent mode deformation. For example, gravity and other body forces were often neglected in most bio-mechanical simulations, and as a result, a supine face model generated from MR images is not suitable for analysis of activities performed in upright posture (i.e. expression detection for human computer inter-action). To address this problem, the supine model can be fitted to the scanned skin data of an upright posture, in which conventional biomechanical simu-lations can be applied. Volume-preservation is an important characteristic of soft tissue deformation due to the high water content, and therefore is essen-tial to produce realistic results, especially when only surface information is available. Validation studies presented in this article showed good agreement between the actual deformations and the predictions by the proposed method.
ID: 636 PO-01: 51
Development of a stand-alone physiological monitoring system for noncontact heart and respiration rate measurements on real-time linux platform Guanghao Sun1, Shinji Gotoh2and Takemi Matsui1 1Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan; 2Tau Giken, Japan.
We developed a stand-alone physiological monitor-ing system without any constraints on its users for daily life healthcare. The system measures tiny move-ments on a body surface induced by heartbeat and respiration in a noncontact manner using a 24-GHz microwave radar. To extract the related signals from the radar output, an analog band pass filter was designed and integrated into a printed circuit board. The software was developed on an embedded Linux platform for a stand-alone and modular design. To assess the performance of noncontact physiological monitoring, we conducted a laboratory test on eight healthy male subjects (ages: 22.0 ± 1.25 years). The heart and respiration rates determined by the pro-posed system correlated significantly with those measured by the contact-type electrocardiogram (r = 0.83, p < 0.01) and respiratory effort belt (r = 0.90, p < 0.01). The results showed that the respiration and heartbeat were accurately detected by the proposed system, which appears promising for monitoring physiological condition in daily life.
ID: 658 PO-01: 52
Quantification of soft tissue artifacts on the thigh and shank during cycling exercises using a novel CT-to-fluoroscopy registration method
Tung-Wu Lu1,2, Cheng-Chung Lin1, Jia-Da Li1, Yu-Huan Wu1and
Mei-Ying Kuo3
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University,
Taiwan; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Taiwan; 3School of Physical Therapy,
China Medical University, Taiwan.
Introduction: Cycling plays an important role in transportation, recreation, and sport in our daily lives but cycling-related overuse injuries are not uncom-mon. Skin maker-based motion analysis has been used to assess the functional performance of cycling exercises and potential injury risks. However, the associated soft tissue artifacts (STA) of the markers affected the accuracy of calculated mechanical vari-ables. Therefore, knowledge of STA will be helpful for a better interpretation of the results obtained and further development of STA-compensation methods. The aims of the study were to quantify the STA of selected markers on the thigh and shank during cycling exercises using a novel technique.
The 15th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME 2013)
4 – 7 December 2013, Singapore
Day 1 —
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ednesday
, 4 December 2013
173 Poster AbstractsDay 1 —
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ednesday
, 4 December 2013
174 Poster Abstracts
Methods: Seven healthy adults wearing skin markers on the medial and lateral femoral epicondyles (MFC and LFC), thigh (THIL, THIC, THIM), tibial tuberos-ity (TT), fibular head (FIB), shank (SHA), and medial and lateral malleoli (MA) performed cycling move-ment under simultaneous surveillance of a motion capture system and a fluoroscopy system. They also received a CT scan so that their femoral and tibial bone poses could be obtained using a fluoroscopy-to-CT registration method. The STA of the skin markers were then calculated as the marker movement rela-tive to the underlying bone.
Results and Discussion: Considerable STA’s were found during cycling exercises with greater STA on the thigh. MFC and LFC were displaced posteriorly from their true positions with knee flexion, and moved anteriorly with knee extension. THIC had greater STA among the technical markers on the thigh and moved mainly along the proximal/distal direction. TT moved within a small range throughout the cycling movement, while FIB moved mainly along the proximal/distal direction. The STA around the knee joint during the cycling movement were quantified for the first time in the literature, which will be helpful for developing guidelines for using skin markers and STA-compensation methods.
ID: 660 PO-01: 53
Compensation of soft tissue artifacts on the calculated angles and moments at the knee during cycling using global optimization method
Jia-Da Li1, Tung-Wu Lu1,2, Cheng-Chung Lin1, Yu-Huan Wu1and
Mei-Ying Kuo3
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University,
Taipei, Taiwan; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of
Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; 3School of Physical
Therapy, China Medical University, Taiwan.
Introduction: Soft tissue artifacts (STA) are a major source of errors in human motion analysis, affecting the calculated joint angles and moments. The Global Optimization Method (GOM) is effective in compen-sating STA during gait but its performance for activities involving large range of motion such as cycling has not been reported, mainly owing to the difficulty in obtaining accurate skeletal motion non-invasively. This study evaluated the GOM using the skeletal motions of the knee measured by a 3D fluo-roscopy technique during cycling.
Method: Five young adults wearing 14 skin markers on the right lower limb performed cycling exercises on an ergometer while the pedal reaction forces were measured with an instrumented pedal and the
trajec-tories by a motion capture system. The skeletal motions of the right knee were measured using a CT-to-biplane fluoroscopy registration technique and then taken as the gold standard. A 3-link model com-posed of the pelvis, thigh and shank was used to calculate the angles and moments at the knee from the skin markers, without considering STA and with GOM to compensate for STA. The root-mean-squared errors (RMSE) of the calculated variables were then obtained with respect to the gold standard. Results & Discussion: The RMSE’s of the angles in the sagittal, transverse and frontal planes using GOM were 2.9, 3.8 and 9.3 degrees, respectively, compared to 9.1, 7.8 and 10.8 degrees without considering STA. The corresponding values for joint moments were 1.5, 0.6 and 2.3 Nm for GOM, and 2.4, 1.1 and 3.3 Nm without considering STA. The results showed that the GOM was effective in compensating the STA of the markers for the calculation of the angles and moments at the knee during cycling movement, which will be useful for future study of knee biome-chanics during cycling using skin marker-based motion analysis.
ID: 661 PO-01: 54
Chaotic analysis of epileptic EEG signals
Kannathal Natarajan1, Johnny Chee1, Kenneth Zi Jian Er1,
Karen Lim2and Hian Tat Ong2
1NgeeAnn Polytechnic, Singapore; 2National University Health
System (NUHS), Singapore.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the recording of the electrical activity of the brain. One of the major fields of application of this relatively cheap and non-inva-sive diagnostic technique is epilepsy, which affects almost 1% of the world’s population. Automatic seizure detection is very important in clinical practice and has to be achieved by analyzing the EEG signals. Inter-ictal spikes and sharp waves in human EEG are characteristic signatures of epilepsy. These potentials originate as a result of synchronous, pathological dis-charge of many neurons. The reliable detection of such potentials has been the long standing problem in EEG analysis, especially after long-term monitor-ing became common in investigation of epileptic patients. In this paper, a comprehensive chaotic analysis of the normal, ictal and inter-ictal segments in EEG signals is studied using nonlinear dynamical parameters such as correlation dimension, fractal dimension exponent and entropies. These measures show distinct difference for normal, ictal and inter-ictal segments in the EEG recordings. The results are further supported by ANOVA test which gives a p-value of less than 0.01 with 95% confidence. The
