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4,* 1 იݤΓѠ࣪دҥଯϘངϐৎߕཁඁᙴଣ 2 ୯ҥࡀܿ௲ػεᏢ௲ػЈᆶᇶᏤᏢس 3 ύ୯ᙴᛰεᏢၮᙴᏢس 4 ଯᙴᏢεᏢᙴᏢଣᙴᏢس *೯ૻբޣʳ
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।ሒࢤᢌࠌشԫጟլᏁࠉᘸߢऱᄮຏᑓڤΔװ༼ࠎ൶ߒଡԳ֨ംᠲऱױ౨ࢤΔؾছ֨ ए᛭ृբᆖཏሙᎁᢄਢױא܂ଡூؾছ֨णኪᐋ్ऱਐᑑΖءઔߒؾऱሎشᢌए᛭ᘝ ᦸࠐԱᇞൣტࢤఏ൛൛ृ൷࠹ᢌए᛭৵ऱٺጟᔆΔຘመᨠኘࡉᘝᦸࠡᢄ।Δၞԫޡ൶ಘᚨ شᢌए᛭ᘝᦸऱֱڤΖଡூতຝਬԫ壄壀റઝඒᖂ᠔ೃࢬ᠏տऱԫۯՖࢤൣტࢤఏ൛൛ ृΔࠡรԫၗ်ឰᐡᩀΔรԲၗ်ឰᢰᒴࢤԳΔ᠏տڂૹᓤ۞႞Εᓢ೯Ε࣐৷֗լ ࡳऱԳᎾᣂএࡉ۞ව۩Ζଡூ࣍ 2006 ڣ۟ 2009 ڣ᠔ೃए᛭ཚၴΔאၸڤ٥൷࠹ 53 ڻऱଡܑᢌ ए᛭৵Δ٦ࠌش Rawley Silver ࢬૠऱ Silver Drawing Test(SDT)ፖ Draw A Story(DAS)ࠡၞ۩ᘝ ᦸΔאྒྷၦࠡൣტणኪΕԳᎾवᤚΕ೯ᖲΕᘋᔊ֗ኪ৫ऱᔆΖᢌए᛭ᘝᦸ࣠᧩قΔڇ SDT ऱ ቃྒྷ֗ᨠኘ।إൄΙუቝऱྒྷ᧭ေ۷᧩قଡூऱൣፃ࿓৫᥆խٻऱ।Δࠡᙇᖗ౨Ժ ࠠڶᄗ࢚ࢤ֗უቝԺΔڶዌݙᖞऱუऄΔ౨ሎشឆऱֱڤࠐ।ሒΔ᧩قଡூڶ౨Ժװಘᓵࢼ ွऱ৸ፂΔᣂ࣍ิٽ֗।ሒิ៣౨ԺΔࠀྤࣔ᧩ᎽᡶΖDAS ऱྒྷ᧭ေ۷᧩قଡூऱ֨ཕणኪஎ ᥈ΕඓΕլࢉፖ୭ࢢऱΔ᥆࣍խٻऱֽᄷΖԣൣტࢤఏ൛հଡூڇޔࢬڶए᛭᛭࿓৵Δ ए᛭ृຏൄᄎאଡூ᠏տᅝழࢬܺឫऱणኪΕ᙮ፖ৫Δࠐေ۷ਢܡޏࠡംᠲΔ܀থ࢙ฃ ԱଡூڃࠩسऱൄᑓխΔսڶᑨ៲૿ൣፃऱٲᙠऱױ౨ࢤΔڂڼए᛭ृױאܓش SDT ֗ DAS ᢌए᛭ᘝᦸΔ܂ᐡᩀࡉൣፃᏁޣऱԫጟᗴᙇՠࠠΔၞ۩ಳ᠋ࠡױ౨ᑨ៲ऱᐡᩀࢨࠡהآ࿇ ऱംᠲΙ؆ຍࠟጟᘝᦸՠࠠᖙ܂១࣐լ၄ழΔࠡေ։ᄷঞױאຘመᖂΔۖطᢌए᛭ஃΕ ᖂீ۔ஃΕ֨ஃࢨࠡה࠹መಝᒭऱઔߒԳၞ۩ေ։ࠌشΖ ᙮ᔢуćᘝᦸΕᢌए᛭ΕᢰᒴࢤԳఏ൛݇!֎ʳ
।ሒࢤᢌए᛭ױאຘመߢࢨॺߢऱ ֱڤΔװ൶ଡԳऱ֨ംᠲΔਢԫጟ֨ए᛭ ऱտԵֱڤΔױࠌԳ᠖堚ଡԳംᠲऱ૿ᎎ(Corey, 2009)Ζؾছ֨ए᛭ृբᆖཏሙᎁᢄਢױ א ܂ ଡ ூ ؾ ছ ֨ ण ኪ ᐋ ్ ऱ ਐ ᑑ (Gantt, 2001; Wadeson, 1980)Ζຏൄᢄऱ໌܂ਢץਔڇ ፖଡூၲࡨ૿ᓫऱԣຝٝΔۖኔਜऱݾፖֱऄ ঞਢᢌए᛭ᘝᦸऱഗ៕Ζᢌए᛭ᘝᦸऱؾऱ ਢԱԱᇞଡԳ۩Δܓشԫߓ٨ऱᛀ֗ေ ۷Δຘመᨠኘࠡ।ΔࠐઔߒଡԳऱ໌܂փ୲ (Oster & Gould, 2004)Ζᢌए᛭ᘝᦸױאᎁ ਢԫጟԳऱྒྷ᧭ΖۖԳྒྷ᧭༉ڕ Anastasi (Anastasi, 1988)ࢬࡳᆠऱΔਢྒྷၦൣტणኪΕԳ ᎾᣂএΕ೯ᖲΕᘋᔊࡉኪ৫ऱࢤΖຏൄԳྒྷ ᧭ױא։۞ຫၦ।(self-report inventories)Εګ ༉ྒྷ᧭(performance tests)֗ދ୴ྒྷ᧭(projective technique)ԿՕᣊীΔۖՕຝ։ऱᢌए᛭ᘝᦸ ຟਢ᥆࣍ދ୴ྒྷ᧭ຍጟᣊীΖދ୴ྒྷ᧭༉ڕٵ Anastasi (Anastasi, 1988)ࢬ༼ࠩऱΔਢԫጟଡூ ൷࠹ॺዌࢤऱྒྷ᧭Δࠡᖑڶ۞طऱᇞެֱڤΔ ຍֱऄࡳଡூᄎڇڼጟྒྷ᧭խΔދ୴נࠡ֘ᚨ ऱࢤΖSilver Drawing Test(SDT)ਢ Rawley Silver ່ ڰڇ 1983 ڣࢬ༼נΔڇ 2002 ڣૹᄅᒳᐊ(R. Silver, 2002)Δਢ֟ᑇ༓ଡڶࠉᖕભഏඒߛፖ֨ ྒྷ᧭ᑑᄷ(AERA, APA, NCME, 1985)ᒳᐊऱ ᢌए᛭ᘝᦸհԣΖSDT ᓵऱഗ៕ᄭ۞࣍ຘ መᢄࠐԱᇞࠀᛧڂ؈ᜣࢨᦫᤚჾ႞ۖᖄ ીߢڶະऱ࿙ऱڃᚨΔຍࠄڃᚨࠌྤऄ ࠌشཕԺፖګ༉ၞ۩ေ۷ऱઌᣂߢᘝᦸऱ ࿙ऱᎁवݾ؏ԱᇞΔՈ༼ࠎԱהଚऱუቝऱ़ ၴΖSDT ૠऱؾऱڶאՀԿរΚ1.ຘመॺ ߢֱڤΔေ۷࠹ྒྷृᇞެᄗ࢚ംᠲऱ౨ԺΖ2. ༼ࠎإᒔေ۷߷ࠄߢֱڤࢬྤऄೠྒྷࠩऱᎁ वൎஇ࿓৫Ζ3.༼ࠎছ৵ྒྷ᧭ՠࠠאၞ۩ေ۷ए ᛭ࢨඒߛૠऱய࣠ΖDrawing a Story(DAS)ਢ ᅝ Rawley Silver ݙګԱ SDT א৵Δڔړ࡛ࠡխ ऱუቝྒྷ᧭ਢܡױאشڇᐡᩀऱᗴᛀՂΔڂ ڇڔऱኔ೭ՠ܂խΔࣹრࠩڶࠄ࿙נԱ۞ව ֗ᄤᄰࢤऱᢄΔڔᎁ࿙ऱᐡᩀွױ౨ ൽ።ڇຍࠄڽՋࢨᑊԺऱ֤უՀΖDAS ഗ࣍ ᢄխൎ௺ٻࢨఐኪऱ।ױ౨֘ᚨထ࿙ ऱᐡᩀणऱΔࢬאૠࡨऱؾऱਢԱ ᒔᎁ࿙ፖڣ᎘ԳऱᑨڇᐡᩀΔຍࠄගᆢڇᢄ ऱ֘ᚨױא༼ࠎԫࠄྤऄൕߢࢨ֮ڗࢬ൷گ ࠩऱ৸უፖൣტΔઔߒՈ᧩قڶᣂ࿙ፖڣ᎘Գ ऱڃᚨΔਢױאشࠐᒔᎁ৵ᥛਢܡᄎ႞୭۞աࢨ ਢ႞୭הԳऱԫጟֱڤ(Connor, 2004)ΖDAS ૠऱؾऱڶאՀԿរ: 1.ࡳנᐡᩀऱԳΖ2. ༼ࠎए᛭ࢤኙᇩऱጥሐΔ3.ኙᐡᩀఏఐᏺףԱᇞΖ SDTࡉ DAS ຟࠌشࠨᖿ֗ڃᚨऱᢄቹ܂ ൷گ֗।ሒუऄऱॣޡጥሐΖࠟृຟਢഗ࣍ᢄቹ ໌܂ױאᝩ܍ߢ؈ऱរΔא֗ᢄቹီٵ ߢ֮ڗפ౨ऱຍጟΔࢬאࠌشუቝऱᢄቹ໌ ܂ࠐሒګᘝᦸऱေ۷ய࣠Ζᘝᦸ༼ࠎऱࠨᖿቹቝ ױ౨ਢԳΕ೯ढΕچֱࢨढऱᒵයቹΔڶԫ ࠄቹቝऱრᆠਢᇡጐ堚ᄑऱΔྥۖڶԫࠄቹቝऱ რᆠঞਢܶᒫլ堚ΔຍਢԱᎈ࿇ଡԳኙ࣍መװ ᆖ᧭ऱᜤუΙࠨᖿቹቝ։ܑڶࠟΔ܀ਢٵᑌ। ڇუቝऱ໌܂ᢄխΔመ࿓խޣ࠹ྒྷृᙇᖗ ࠟଡլٵऱࠨᖿቹቝΔუቝڇຍࠟଡᠲհၴ࿇ سऱչᏖࠃΔՀהଚࢬუቝऱΔྥ৵ຍଡਚ ࠃףԵᠲΔࠀᕣױ౨ऱፖ࠹ྒྷृಘᓵΔࠌຍࠄ ।ሒऱቹრᆠޓף堚ᄑΖ࠹ྒྷृຘመڶრࢨྤ
რऱኙ࣍ٵᑌऱࠨᖿቹቝऱპݎޏ᧢Δࠡᤚኘრ ᢝথਢլጐઌٵΔਬࠄԳᙇᖗऱᠲױ౨ਢᇘ ז।הଚ۞աࢨਢᇘז।ࠡהऱԳΔۖਬࠄԳ ࠌشቹਢၴ൷چ।ሒஎ᥈ࢨᐬ৷ΔࢨृףԵ۞ աऱฤᇆ֗ឆࠐუቝچݙګ۞աऱᣋඨΖࠟଡ ᘝᦸຟץਔԱ 5 ։ऱ్ၦ।Δൕ່܅ऱൎ௺ ٻ్່ࠩऱൎ௺إٻ్Δشڇေၦψൣტ փ୲ωΕψ۞᧯ݮွω֗ψ৩ᚈტऱࠌشωՂΖೈ ڼհ؆ΔSDT ኙ࣍ቃྒྷΕᨠኘ֗უቝԿ ጟྒྷ᧭ΔՈףԵԱഗ࣍ᑇᖂ֗ᔹᦰऱԿጟᨠ ࢚ऱψᎁवݾ؏ωऱေၦΔٵᑌՈਢץਔԱ 5 ։ऱ్ၦ।Ζ ૹᩀ(major depression)ਢਐᥛऱൣፃ܅ ᆵࢨໜ؈ᘋᔊΔ۴ᙟڶߪ᧯णΔࠏڕΚଇᐥΕ ጕఠΕ೯܂ࢨ৸ەറࣹԺऱޏ᧢Δൎ௺ऱྤᏝଖ ტΕᆞ༞ტ֗۞වऱუऄፖᓢ೯Δᖕ DSM-IV ޣฤٽႈᄷঞխऱնႈΰԫࡳץܶᐡᩀ ൣፃࢨ؈װᘋᔊ/ݶᑗհԫαΔࠡژڇ༓ਢ٤֚ ᥛࠟၜאՂृጠհ(Zimmerman, Sheeran, & Young, 2004)Ζ ᢰ ᒴ ࢤ Գ ఏ ൛ ΰ Borderline Personality Disorder, BPDαਢԫଡᓤᠧۖᣤૹऱ ֨ఏఐΔଡூ࣍ԳᎾᣂএΕ۞ݺݮွ֗ൣტհ ।ՂΔᄕլࡳΔڇፖԳյ೯ऱൣቼՀൄ࿇ سᎁवՂऱށڴΔ२࣍ఐኪچॾᄎࢬფऱ ԳᙊඵΔࠀൄྤრᢝऱנᓡࢤދ୴ᎁٵ࣍ए ᛭ृߪՂΖࠡฐ۩પ 1-2иؐ׳ΔՖࢤપߊ ࢤऱ 2 Δ൛ृ୮ගխڶለڍऱ壄ΕᢐढΕ ᐡᩀఐ(Kaplan & Sadock, 1998)Ζ
ءઔߒऱؾऱሎش Rawley Silver ࢬૠ ऱ Silver Drawing Test ፖ Draw A Story ࠟጟऱᢌ ए᛭ᘝᦸՠࠠ(R. Silver, 2007)ΔԱᇞൣტࢤఏ ൛ଡூڇ൷࠹ᢌए᛭৵ऱٺጟᔆΔຘመᨠኘ ࠡᘝᦸऱᢄ।Δ൶ಘᢌए᛭ᘝᦸڇൣტࢤ ఏ൛ᚨشऱֱڤΖ
͝!ڰʳ
˗Ăࡀվ၅෩ ઔߒኙွࠐ۞তຝਬԫ壄壀ઝറઝඒᖂ᠔ ೃΔط᠔ஃࢬ᠏տऱԫۯൣტࢤఏ൛ଡூΔࠡร ԫၗ်ឰᐡᩀΔรԲၗ်ឰᢰᒴࢤԳΔ ᠏տڂૹᓤ۞႞ፖ۞ව۩ΖڼଡூՖ ࢤΔاഏ 60 ڣسΔآദߪΔᄮຏאഏ ߢΔ᎖Δ࿇ఐ৵ᅃृس୮ அئᘣΔࠡכ९ཚڇՂ௧ᆖΔ࿇ఐছאറઝԿ ڣऱᖂᖵছֲءആΔആݙᅝچߢᖂீ৵Δ آە࠷ֲءऱՕᖂԵᖂᇷΔڂۖᝥ᠏۟ᖾࠀ ە࠷ຳරՕᖂ༉ᦰอૠߓΔฅᄐ৵ڃࠩᆖᛜ ն८ᣊՠ ᐗΔࠡנຄড়֪Օڍࠐ۞ֲءፖ Δଡூڂྤऄ۞ݺൣፃ൳ࠫΔֆऱጥؾ ছՕڍطூئΔଡூঞڇ୮א।֗ሽᇩ ֱڤᆖᛜጥΖଡூ࣍ 2006 ڣ 7 ִ۟ 2009 ڣ 2 ִཚၴΔ։ၸ᜔٥൷࠹ 53 ڻऱଡܑᢌ ए᛭ΔޢڻԼ։ᤪΔॣڻජᓫေ۷Δଡூ᧩ق ࠠڶ۞වࡉ۞႞ऱუऄፖૠΖଡூఐڶ۞ වΕૹᓤ۞႞Εᓢ೯Ε࣐৷ࡉጹ്ऱԳᎾᣂএ ۩Ζรԫၸ۰ೃཚၴए᛭٥ 6 ڻΔנೃ৵࣍ ॰်ಳ᠋ࠀ᠏տΔᤉᥛ 24 ၜ൷࠹ଡܑᢌए ᛭Δޢၜၞ۩ԫڻ٥ 24 ڻऱଡܑᢌए᛭Δၴ ሶԼԲၜ৵ᤉᥛรԿၸऱए᛭᛭࿓Δၞ۩ԼԲ ၜ٥ 11 ڻऱଡܑᢌए᛭Δรၸ᛭࿓ 12 ڻޔ৵٦ᤉᥛಳ᠋ધᙕࠡൣፃΕ۩᧢֏ԼԲ ၜΔ࣍รԼԿၜழၞ۩ءઔߒऱᢌए᛭ᘝᦸၞ ۩ေ۷Ζ ˞Ăᘸఘڻᒙ ೃփए᛭መ࿓խΔଡூ൷࠹៶طᣂএᓵ ഗ៕ࢬ ࿇୶ ऱᢌ ए᛭ ᖵ࿓(Tsai, Lin, Yang,Chang, & Lee, 2009)Δۖࠡᢌए᛭ऱޗᐋڻ ਮ ዌ ط Կ ଡ ᄗ ࢚ ࢬ ਮ ዌ ۖ ګ Δ ܛ ᓤ ᠧ ৫ (Complexity)Εዌࢤ(Structure)ࡉޗءᔆ(Pure media properities)Δޢڻᢌए᛭݁אڼԿై ࠐەၦΔࠡၴऱඈ٨ิٽ٥։ԶጟΔଡூࢬࠌ شਢאՀԿጟΔԫᓤᠧ৫ΕॺዌࢤΕ ੌᔆΔڕΚई໌܂ΙԲ܅ᓤᠧ৫ΕॺዌࢤΕ ࿏ᔆΔڕΚᐺ၀ΙԿ܅ᓤᠧ৫ΕዌࢤΕ࿏ ᔆΔڕΚኙጠࢤ೪Ζଡூ࣍ᢌए᛭ၲࡨհছ ֗հ৵Δຟڶ൷࠹ઌᣂ֨ᘝᦸྒྷ᧭֗ം࠴Ζᖞ ଡೃփए᛭መ࿓ΔଡூೈԱଡܑᢌए᛭տԵΔ ءၞ۩ऱᢐढए᛭Δ౨ए᛭೯ፖೃփس ઃྤޓ೯Δڇጐױ౨լޏ᧢شᢐൣݮՀΔࠡ壄壀 ᢐढհޓཙٍڶ٨ԵەၦΖ ˫ĂᏉᝤ̌ ءઔߒࢬࠌشհᘝᦸ Rawley Silver ࢬૠऱ SDT(Silver Drawing Test, ݦዿᢄ ྒྷ᧭)ፖ DAS(Draw A Story, ԫଡਚࠃ)(R. Silver, 2002, 2007)Δኙ࣍ᘝᦸ࣠ܓشࠡࢬ༼נ ऱေ։ᑑᄷղଡூေ։Δ։ܑຘመᢌए᛭ ஃΔᜯݩ֨ஃ֗Օᖂඒஃऱေ։Δ࠷ࠡؓ݁ଖ ᇠଡூऱ։ᑇΖࠡᖙ܂ֱڤڕՀΚ SDTխץਔቃྒྷ(predictive test)Εᨠኘ (observation test)֗ უ ቝ (imaginative test) Կ ጟΔ౿։૪ڕՀΚ 1.ി൩ ץਔԿଡቃ٣ࡳऱቹΔรԫଡቹਢ ڇԫଡࡳऱቹխΔࠌ࠹ᇢृჄՂࠡࢬቃྒྷ ऱ ֽ ࣦ փ ऱ ֽ ല ༛ ݧ ໘ ݙ ழ ऱ ֽ ؓ ᒵΖรԲଡቹਢڇԫࡳऱቹխΔࠌ࠹ᇢ ृჄՂࠡࢬቃྒྷऱֽ։ܑਢऴمፖႜ ழΔࠡփࢬܶऱֽऱֽؓᒵΖรԿଡቹਢ ڇԫࡳऱቹխΔࠌ࠹ᇢृቃྒྷڇת՞ᆨՂ ࠡࢬ።ࢪৢऱিऴֱۯ֗ዌΖ 2.៌၄൩ ڇԫ९ݮோ૿ՂឭՂோդΔڇோդՂലԿ ଡ Օ ՛ ܅ լ ٵ ऱ Ⴝ ਪ ढ ᧯ ֗ ԫ ଡ ՛ ف ᙰΔᆜ࣋ڇࡐࡳऱছ৵ؐ׳լٵۯᆜΔࠌ࠹ ᇢृࠉᖕࠡᨠኘࠐנோ૿Ղࢬڶឭ࣋ढ ऱছီቹ֗ଏီቹΖ 3.ຏဉ൩ ࠌ࠹ᇢृ۞طऱנ֨խࢬუ।ሒऱቹ Δױאףု֮ڗᎅࣔΔࠀڇݙګհ৵ྒྷᇢ ृፖ࠹ྒྷृၞ۩ቹխփොऱಘᓵΔՈױא ܓش܂ृࢬࡳ SDT Գढࠨᖿቹࠐᖿ࿇ ࠹ྒྷृऱუቝ܂Ζ SDT ྒྷ᧭խො።ڶᛀྒྷᎁव֗ൣፃऱຝ ։ΔຏൄਢڶழၴऱૻࠫΔ܀Օᄗ᜔٥ 15 ։ ᤪؐ׳༉ױאݙګΔࠡխቃྒྷ֗ᨠኘऱݙګ પ 5 ։ᤪΔუቝऱݙګપ 10 ։ᤪΖუቝྒྷ ᧭ኔਜመ࿓խႊࣹრլխឰࢨեឫ࠹ྒྷृΔՈ ጐױ౨ᝩ܍ղઌᣂऱٺጟॴԺࢨᚘԺΔڂ ਬࠄ࠹ྒྷृڇଥ堸ࡉ৸ەࠡ܂ࢨਚࠃழΔᏁ ٤壀ࣹΔՈڂڕڼΔࢬא৬ᤜࠌشሩ֗ᖮ ؼᚴࠐၞ۩Δೈॺਢ࠹ྒྷृഒشࢨᙓ Ζڼ؆ቔᚐऱᇩՈਢৰૹऱΔᤝڕྒྷᇢृऱ ֧ߢױאຍᏖᎅΚψόᆅգࢂցԖᛤฝޑϺҽǴ ך࣬ߞգёаฝрգ܌࣮ډޑǴգ܌ؒԖ࣮ډޑ ܈ࢂѝԖգёаགྷډޑǾǾΖω DAS ਢൕԳढࠨᖿቹխਗᙇٚࠟଡቹቝ ࠐ܂Δ៶ڼࠐᖿ࿇࠹ྒྷृऱਚࠃ܂Δუቝထ ࠟृհၴ࿇سԱչᏖࠃൣΔຘመᢄቹ᧩قխࢬ إڇ࿇سऱࠃൣΔᨃ࠹ྒྷृ۞طऱല֨խࢬუ। ሒऱਚࠃאቹנΖࠨᖿቹ։ࠟิΔA ิ ࠨᖿቹਢش࣍ᢌए᛭ऱছྒྷ֗৵ྒྷΔB ิࠨᖿቹঞ࣍ए᛭խࠡהऱؾऱࢬࠌشΖDAS ױאਢ១ऱԫቹΔՈױאਢຑᛩቹΔ࠹
ྒྷृױאڇऱՀ़ֱػᐊՀᠲؾ֗ਚࠃ փ୲ኴΔᅝᢄݙګ৵ٻྒྷᇢृ૪ᎅቹխऱ ਚࠃփ୲ΔྒྷᇢृՈጐױ౨ऱፖ࠹ྒྷृԫᏘװ ։ࠆຍଡਚࠃΔࠀၞ۩ಘᓵ֗ᒔᎁխࢬז।ऱ რᆠΔץਔڶრ֗ྤრऱΔᤝڕ࠹ྒྷृԫೋᘷ ֗ԫೋ۔ቕΔྒྷᇢृױאം࠹ྒྷृᣂ࣍۔ቕऱტ ᤚڕ۶ΔᘷڇუչᏖΔ۔ቕፖᘷࠟृհছ࿇سመ չᏖࠃ֗࿑৵ᄎ࿇سչᏖࠃΔՈױא༈ބ֮ڗऱ ᒵΔᤝڕຍ༏ऱᠲؾ֗ਚࠃխऱٚԫଡ ऱဲࢨਢԳጠזټဲΖ SDT ፖ DAS ऱေ։ᑑᄷڕ।ԫ۟।Ԯࢬ قΔࠡխ SDT ऱေ։խΔቃྒྷྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ץ ਔႉݧΕֽؓࢤ֗িऴࢤऱቃྒྷऱေ։Ιᨠኘ ྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ץਔؐ׳ֽؓᣂএΕՂՀিऴ৫ᣂ এ֗ছ৵৫ᣂএऱေ։Ιუቝྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ץ ਔᙇᖗ౨ԺΕิٽ౨Ժ֗।ሒ౨Ժऱေ։Δუቝ ྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ޓၞԫޡ։ൣፃփ୲ऱေ ։Ε۞ݺݮွࡳۯऱေ։֗৩ᚈტऱࠌشऱေ ։Ζլᓵਢ SDT ࢨਢ DAS ऱፖေ։ऱԳΔ ױאਢᢌए᛭ஃΕ֨ஃΕᖂீ۔ஃࢨࠡה࠹ መಝᒭऱઔߒԳΖ ءઔߒଡூՑᙰ֗૿݁բᆖٵრ൷࠹ࠡ ࢬ൷࠹հᢌए᛭ᘝᦸऱቹ܂Ε֮ڗඖ૪֗ Ցػءઔߒܫऱփ୲ԫຝ։Δࠀ࣍ઌᣂཚ ע࿇।ע࿆Δ܀լ࣍ࠡהנठ٦᠏૪Ζ
ඔ!ڌʳ
ଡூڇ൷࠹ᇠ᠔ೃ壄壀᠔᛭Δץਔ॰်ऱᢐ ढए᛭Ε֨ए᛭֗ 53 ڻऱᢌए᛭መ࿓ ৵Δᆖطए᠔ஃေ۷ᇠଡூऱ֨णኪ֗۩ ।ઃբڶ᧩ထޏΖۖᢌए᛭ஃڇᢌए᛭ መ࿓խΔ࿇ଡூດዬ౨៶ط໌܂ऱቹቝބנࠡ าპऱլٵΔࠀૹᄅ৬ዌԫଡటኔࢨឆඤנլٵ ऱრᆠΙࠡൣტऱஞࡉᓢ೯൳ࠫՂՈ౨ބࠩؓ ᘝរΙ࣍ᛩቼխࢬ࿇سऱࠃٙΔଡூױא堚ᄑ۞ ߪऱൣፃΔࠀנᔞழऱ֘ᚨΙڇඖࠃ࠷ٻխΔ ຘመឆΕߢ֮֗ڗඖᎅΔ౨໌ທנᄅऱ۞ݺ ᎁٵΙڇ૿ᜯᚘԺᄭழΔٍܘԺቫᇢ᠖堚۞ऱ ᛩቼፖߡۥΙࠀᚩٽࣚᢐΔ֗ຘመ۞۩ڜඈ ೯Δࠐ᠏ฝൣፃՂऱྡྷᐞΔሒࠩᎁٵ֗۩ޏ ᧢ऱؾऱΖ ଡூऱᢌए᛭ᘝᦸ࣠ڕቹԫ۟ቹࢬ قΔࠡေ։࣠ڕՀΚ ˗ĂSDT ෝ̵ଏԚ ĝ˗Ğി൩ܐந(сဥ˗) 1.ีԓി ؓ݁ေ։ 3.00 ։Ζଡூڇၲࡨࣦ փऱֽழΔݙ٤ڶྫᘵऱՀΔ೯ ܂߰ຒݶຒݙګΔڇรԫڻݙګ৵Δଡ ூڶቫᇢᛀΔዿ৵ڇڃࠩรնࣦ֗รք ֺࣦለ৵Δشᖮؼᚴᚴଥإรնࣦ֗ร քࣦΔଡூᆖቫᇢᙑᎄ৵ױଥإࠀᎠ྇ႉ ݧΔڇ່৵ԫࣦאڶٚ۶ᒵᒵයܧΖ 2.ͩοِി ؓ݁ေ։ 5.00 ։Ζଡூࢬإمऱ รԫֽؓᒵፖோ૿ؓ۩Δֽۯߪऱ ԫתΙႜऱรԲֽՈፖோ૿ؓ۩Δ܀ ֽۯ࣍ߪऱԫתΖ 3.ݫِ۠ി ؓ݁ေ։ 5.00 ։Ζଡூࢬऱࢪ ፖچ૿িऴΔڶԿ։հԲܧڇ՞ᇙ૿Δ Կ։ԫڇࡕ؆૿ΔࠀڶၺΔࡕ؆ ૿ऱࢪፖؓՀ૿ڶਮ֭ᐶΖʳ
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ቹԫΕءଡூڇ Silver Drawing Test ऱቃྒྷऱ໌܂।ΔڼԿଡቹ࠷۞ The Silver Drawing Test and Draw a Story (R. Silver, 2007)ԣ
ĝ˞Ğ៌၄൩ܐந)сဥ˞*!! ଡூڇ࠹ྒྷழ૿პూΔ壀ൣڶࠄऱఒ ᖉΔൣፃؓΔኪ৫ᎁటΔאీمऱৎႨݙګ ଏီቹऱᢄΔၲࡨऱᤛለ᎘ΔאؐᢰႽਪ ᧯ၲࡨထΔᢄऱመ࿓ݶຒΔଏီቹऱଡ ढ᧯խΔڶԿଡႽਪ᧯ઃԫݙګΔݙګଡ ढ᧯መ࿓ݙ٤ڶᚴፖଥإመΖଡூೡီ ቹழΔ݄ڇཡՂݙګΔՀழאؐᢰႽਪၲ
ࡨΔطՂۖՀΔՂ૿Ⴝਪऱᒵයڶૹᓤऱ֍ ೬ΔڇऴᒵழΔᒵයΕԺሐለՂֱشԺΕᒵ යለษΔڶଥإรԲፖรଡႽਪ᧯ऱՂ ՀֱऱႽݮᒵයΖڇቹऱመ࿓խΔᅝଡढ ᧯ല२ݙګፖᚴଥޏ৵Δଡூၲࡨ೯ᓫ ದፖ॰်ए᠔ஃऱᣂএΔԫᢰᓫᓵԫᢰش ڇՂૹᓤףऱᒵයΔאቹՂ ऱรԲଡႽਪፖรԿଡլঞऱفᙰΔࠀ ڇفᙰՂૹᓤჁᕛອᐙΖଡூڇၲࡨᓫᓵழΔ ณดطპદࠩᖿ೯ୈࣸΔᓫᓵփ୲༼ࠩǺȨǾǾ ໒ۈғੰޑਔࡕǴௗڙᙴৣޑݯᕍǴᙴৣᇡ ࣁךགྷעдբךޑݿݿǴ໒ۈᗨฅךց ᇡǴՠၸΑ᛬ೌݯᕍ೭ࢤᐕำǴیȐࡰࡼෳ ޣȑමᇥёૈԖޑགᙯ౽Ǵܭࢂך໒ۈࡘ ԵǴך܍ᇡவݿݿԝࡕǴךයࡑԖঁߏޣр ǴႽݿݿኬёаߞҺϷ٩ޑΓǴၶډ֚ ᜤ܈֚ൽਔǴૈᆶךፕ܈ࡌǴࣗԿࢂᆒ ઓёа٩ޑჹຝǾǾȩǶ 1.μΟͩο᙮ܻܐந ؓ݁ေ։ 5.00 ։Ζଡூࢬऱٙ ढຟڇإᒔऱؐ׳ႉݧΖ 2.ˮˬݫ۠ޗ᙮ܻ ؓ݁ေ։ 4.00 ։Ζࠡխطؐ۟׳ऱ Կٙढऱ৫᧩قإᒔΔ܀ਢรٙढ ኔᎾՂਢ່Δথגาᨠኘۖ᧩ق ᐋڻΔࢬאࠀڶݙ٤᧩قإᒔΖ 3.݇ޡޗ᙮ܻ ؓ݁ေ։ 4.00 ։Ζٙढऱছ৵ ᣂএຟإᒔऱ᧩قΔ܀גาऱᨠኘΔ آנோդऱژڇΖ
(˫)ຏဉ൩ܐந(сဥ˫) 1.ຏဉ൩ෝ̵ ଡூԱԫଡ९ֱݮऱཛྷޗΔཛྷޗխऱԳ ढאཧཧԳऱऄܧΔԳढऱՂֱشሩ Ⴡګૹᦤऱ႕ۥΔࠠڶૹᦤऱய࣠Δٵ ழՈ।Ա።ਢ።ڇཛྷޗՂ૿Ζ (A)ᙇᖗ౨Ժ ؓ݁ေ։ 5.00 ։Ζ౨אᄗ࢚ᐋ ૿᧩قࢼွऱუऄΔऱփ୲ຘଡூ ኙᛩቼፖ۞ݺհၴఒᖉፖუಲᝩऱಛ ஒΔٵழՈࠠڶუቝԺ֗ዌݙᖞऱუ ऄΔ౨אᄆقۖॺࠠ᧯ݮွװ।ሒऱ რᆠΖ (B)ิٽ౨Ժ ؓ݁ေ։ 4.00 ։Ζխऱᠲޗ ຘመឆ᧩قڼڶઌᣂᜤΔ౨ֺഗᄷ ᒵޓԵΔ܀ਢ۟֟ڶԫתᢄቹऱ ਢ़ػऱΖ؆Δᢄቹ౨ജኙ࠰ᓳΔ౨ ༴ᢄנ৫Ո౨ەᐞᖞଡᢄቹऱΖ (C)।ሒ౨Ժ ؓ݁ေ։ 4.00 ։Ζࠠڶ᠏᧢౨ ԺΕ໌ࢤΕ।ሒࢤΕୡᑗࢤ֗ᜤუࢤΔ Ո౨ࠌشឆ֗ᘰࠨ܂Δփܶࠟጟ რොऱ໌܂Ζ 2.ଏჯ̯ञෝ̵ ؓ݁ေ։ 2.00 ։ΖխٻऱᠲΔ ଡூԱԫଡԫᠲόཛྷޗύΔխ। ଡூ۞ա৺ࠠᄕࡉլࢉऱუऄፖփ୲Δ ଡூ।૪ǺȨགྷፎ༰༰ᔅךວߕܫӧ ৎύǴԾρགྷ፴ӧ္य़Ǵӧསύ؈ᅵǴ ளԾρӳಕǵϼಕΑǴགྷ፴ΠٰǴӧჱ ᓉޑསύ҉ᇻ؈ᅵǴ೭ঁၸำ܈ёж ߄ԾρޔགྷԝǴՠΨၸ೭ঁሺԄཀښ ԾρԝၸࡕԶख़ғǶȩଡூऱൣፃլᄎ ܑ܅ᆵΔ܀ਢ৸ەփ୲ঞאٻ৸ە ΔຍՈڂڼᨃڔტࠩܺឫΔࠡהፖਜྒྷ ृऱኙ݁ױ֊ᠲΖ 3.ҊលԚ෩؟қෝ̵ ؓ݁ေ։ 1.00 ։Ζਢ᧩ఐኪ ऱ֤უΔଡூۿᒔᎁԫᠲࢬ༴ᢄऱཛྷ ޗΔຑ᧩ق۞աਢ༟႞ऱΕࡰمऱΕྤܗ ऱΕ۞ݺᄤᄰऱΕ۟ڶڽՋऱٲᙠΖ 4.ޕᐴຎָϠෝ̵ ؓ݁ေ։ 1.67 ։Ζଡூ᧩قխ࿓ ৫ਗᨢऱ৩ᚈტΔፖਜྒྷृ։ࠆࠀᏭూ۞ա ऱ࠹ેΕඓΕױూ֗լࢉΖ
˞ĂDAS ෝ̵ଏԚ(сဥΰ) A ิቹቝࠨᖿऱ।Κေ։ 1.33 ։Ζଡ ூ।נൎ௺ऱٻൣტΔଡூࢬݙګᐊՀऱਚ ࠃփ୲ڕՀǺȨς࠾ӧࠤൕԭԃǴࣗԿவ҂рࠤ ൕϐЈǴӧςઇ࿗όԶЪЍமέڈऀǴ Ո҉όଶЗӦࢬǴஒవؒЈǴ܈Ψஒࠤൕవ ؒǴЈᗋஒӸӧ༏ǻѨǻόགྷᏱԖЈǴ࣮ ډЈǶȩڇଡூᢄݙګ৵ፖਜྒྷृಘᓵຍଡਚ ࠃழΔଡூ।قৄਢឆڔऱ୮Δײ۔܀ഒ ࡐΔԸਢזထ।ኔسፖၜᔡᛩቼ֗ԳढΔᅝ ֨Ըࠨ႞ۖါၲΔۨլឰੌΔ۟ᖞଡৄ ΖଡூፖਜྒྷृऱኙᇩڕՀΚ ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨாࢂցᜫཀϩ٦کፕ೭൯კګǻȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨPL ୟǼȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨፎୢ೭ࠤൕޑᐕўԖӭΦΑǻȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨѬςԖԭԃΑǼȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨѬޑ୲ڰ܄ӵՖǻȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨѬ୲ڰӵξǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨࠤൕჹیԶقǴѬຝቻϙሶګǻȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨѬж߄ךޑৎǴ୲ڰӵξǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨӧࠤൕ㚊य़ך࣮ډᗭࡐεޑང ЈǴय़ᗋකΑЍΘηǶȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨჹǴࠤൕ㚊य़ޑٗᗭЈ࿗ΑǴΘ η๏ڈΑǼȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨ೭ΘηჹیԶقǴѬࢂϙሶګǻȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨΘηࢂж߄ǴѦय़ޑΓᆶჴޑ ᕉნǴ൩ႽݿݿѐШࡕǴӧೀϦљ ޑၸำǾǾǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨ᠋ଆٰΘηࢂόឦܭࠤൕ္य़ޑǶȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨჹǼѬࢂவѦय़०ٰޑǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨ೭ΘηޑᡏᑈࡐεǴࠤൕӵԜ୲ڰǴ ࢂ࡛ሶډࠤൕޑګǻȩ! ڙෳޣᒨᅪΑΠǴ౦ᇥǺȨჹഽǴѬࢂӵ ՖΕޑǻȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨΘηѬකӧངЈޑय़Ǵך࣮ډЈ ΑǴՠؒԖ࿗ǹখω࣮یӧฝང ЈޑᐕำǴך࣮ډیΠਔడคซ ᒕǴ݀ᘐ߭ပޑǴஒངЈѦय़ޑጕ చǴϩٿזೲޑֹԋǶȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨ俨ǼჹഽǼȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨךӆᝩុ࣮೭൯კӳόӳǶȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨӳୟǼȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨ೭ΘηڈΑЈǴՈޔࢬǴזा వؒΑঁࠤൕǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨך࣮ډࠤൕԖ൳৻ืЊǶȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨჹǴՈޔࢬǴவืЊᄌᄌࢬрѐǶȩ! ࡼෳޣᇥǺȨՈவืЊࢬрѐǴٗЈόవ ؒ܈܌ᒏޑྐഗګǼȩ! ڙෳޣᇥǺȨ༕ǴόǼԖืЊǴόవؒǴ ӵԜѬωૈڥ֎Ƕȩ!
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SDTऱઔߒೈԱભഏᅝچא؆(Henn, 1990; Hiscox, 1998; Marshall, 1988) Δ ڇ ഏ (Dhanachitsiriphong, 1999)֗ᤕᜤ(Kopytin, 2002) ࠟଡഏ୮ՈڶઌᣂࢤऱઔߒܫΖءᒧਢሎش SDTፖ DAS ࠟጟᢌए᛭ᘝᦸ࣍ᐡᩀٽࠓᢰ ᒴࢤԳఏ൛ऱรԫᒧઔߒΔឈྥڇഏփؾ ছڶઌᣂऱຍࠟጟᢌए᛭ᘝᦸऱေ։ଖױ ࠎەΔ܀ਢڼԫଡூࢨױא༼ࠎഏփ৵ᥛઔ ߒृΔլᓵਢڇൣტࢤఏ൛Ε壄壀֨ఏ൛Εګ ڣԳΕ۔ڣԳࢨਢ࿙Δ࣍ኔਜ SDT ፖ DAS ᘝᦸழऱᖙ܂ֱڤ֗ေ։ᄷঞऱەΖ ءଡூऱ SDT ऱᘝᦸ࣠᧩قΔൕࠡխቃ ྒྷऱႉݧΕֽؓ֗িऴቃྒྷΔᨠኘऱؐ׳Ε ՂՀ֗ছ৵ᣂএΔࡉუቝऱᙇᖗΕ।ሒ֗ิٽ ౨Ժऱ։։Δࠡ SDT ᘝᦸ᧩قࠡᎁव। ऱᚌฆΔຍױ౨ਢط࣍ءଡூᐡᩀٽࠓᢰ ᒴࢤԳऱګڣԳଡூࢬીΖឈྥݺଚڶڇೃ փए᛭ၲࡨছܛղଡூኔਜ SDT ऱᘝᦸΔᣄ אᖇ៶ছΕ৵ྒྷᘝᦸ࣠ऱࠟઌֺለΔࠐᒔᎁਢ ܡڂଡூ൷࠹ೃփए᛭৵ۖޏࠡᎁवݾ ؏Δྥۖଡூऱઌᣂ֨ᘝᦸ᧩قࠡᎁवפ౨ਢ إൄऱΔ؆ڇ᠔ೃኔਜऱ 53 ڻଡܑऱᢌए ᛭መ࿓խΔࠡवᤚ֗ᢄ໌܂Ղऱ।Ոຟ᧩ق ڶઌᣂᎁवՂऱܺᣄΖۖઔߒ᧩قΔՕຝ։ᢰ ᒴࢤԳఏ൛ࠡᇞᎁव౨Ժຏൄྤ؈Δ ਢ ڇ ൣ ፃ ֱ ૿ ᣄ א ൳ ࠫ (Tragesser, Lippman, Trull, & Barrett, 2008; Trull et al., 2008)Ιءଡூ ऱൣݮإਢڕڼΔࠡംᠲਢڇ࣍ᐡᩀٽࠓᢰ ᒴࢤԳࢬขسऱൣፃംᠲΖྥۖլױᘨߢऱΔ ᝫਢڶࠄᐡᩀ֗ᢰᒴࢤԳऱఏ൛ࠡᎁव۩ ᄎڶฆൄऱ।(Harvey, Wingo, Burdick, & Baldessarini, 2010; Thomas & O'Brien, 2008)Δۖ ຍழଢኙ࣍ຍࠄฆൄऱᎁव۩।ࢨ༉ױ אࠌش SDT ࠐॣཚणउऱေ۷ፖᘝᦸΖৰૹ ऱطհԣਢΔSDT ࡉࠡהऱᢌए᛭ᘝᦸլٵ༉ਢڇ࣍ڼԫᎁवྒྷ᧭Δ،༼ࠎԱലᎁव ݾ ؏ ։ Կ ଡ լ ٵ ऱ Ꮖ Δ ڻ ݧ ᄗ ࢚ (sequential concepts)Ε़ၴᄗ࢚(spatial concepts) ֗ᜤუࡉݮګࢤᄗ࢚(association and formation of concepts)Ζ༓ۯઔߒᖂृ(Chase, 1989; Crehan, 1989; Mealor, 1989)ཏሙຟᎁ SDT ਢאԫጟॺ ߢऱֱڤۖࠠڶ໌ທࢤऱრቹࠐေ۷࠹ྒྷ ृऱᎁव౨ԺΔۖຍࠄᎁवྒྷ᧭ኙ࣍Օ࣍նᄣऱ ՛ ፖ ڣ ᎘ Գ ਢ ৰ ڶ რ ᆠ ऱ Ζ ઌ ᣂ ऱ ઔ ߒ (Kopytin, 2002)ՈਐנΔኙ࣍ 702 ଡࡺ۰ڇᤕᜤ ֗ფޥ؍ࠅऱ՛Εڣ᎘Գ֗ګڣԳኔਜ SDT ᘝ ᦸΔ࿇ࠡᎁव։ᑇᄎᙟထڣધऱᏺףۖᏺףΙ ຍՈ᧩قګڣԳԫᄎࠩለऱᎁव։ᑇΖ DSM-IVࡳᆠᢰᒴࢤԳऱᐛΔࡨ࣍ګ ԳհছΔڇٺጟᛩቼહནՀ।ऱԫጟᐖऑᑓ ڤΔኙԳᎾᣂএ(interpersonal relationship)Ε۞᧯ ݮွ(self image)֗ൣტ।ᄕլࡳॺൄ ୲࣐ᓢ೯(American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on, 1994)Ζءଡூऱ SDT ᘝᦸऱუቝྒྷ ᧭խऱψ۞᧯ݮွω֗ψൣፃփ୲ωؓ݁ေ։ ࣠։ܑ܅։ऱ 1.00 ։֗ 2.00 ։Ζڇუቝऱ ໌܂ᢄመ࿓խΔଡூຘመუቝࠐ༴૪ࠡቹ ֗ඖᎅࠡਚࠃΔ।ሒנଡூ໌ທԺऱ࿓৫ፖ֤უ ԺऱሎشΔᅝݺଚေ։ଡூऱუቝࢬܧऱٺ ጟ।ڂࢬܧנ࣠ఐኪऱ֤უΔ༴ᢄऱ ᠲឆထ༟႞ΕࡰمྤܗΕ۞ݺᄤᄰࢨڶڽՋ ऱٲᙠழΔףՂࠡൣፃऱܧٍ᥆խٻऱ ࣠Δຍࠄઌᣂ։ᑇଖᣂࣹΖຍՈ᧩قԱڇೃփ ए᛭ၸޔೖַ৵Δଡூڃ်৵ऱᘝᦸΔথ᧩ սڶᑨ៲ऱൣፃ֗۞᧯ݮွ܅ՀऱംᠲΖܑ ऱਢΔឈྥᘝᦸऱ࣠᧩قൣፃऱംᠲࠉྥژ ڇΔ܀ਢଡூڇၸڤऱଡܑᢌए᛭መ࿓խΔ אڍցᑓڤ࠷ٻૹᄅ৬ዌࡉᖞٽΔ֗אڜ٤ऱൣ ቼࠐ൶۞աऱسࡎቹቝΔ᠖堚س౧Δሒࠩ ൣፃ֏֗ൣტࣙဎհᖵ࿓Δຍࠄຟਢᢌए᛭ ஃڇೃփए᛭ཚၴኙଡூࢬኔਜऱଡܑᢌए ᛭መ࿓խࢬࣔ᧩ᤚኘࠩऱΖ
ଡூڇ SDT ᘝᦸऱუቝྒྷ᧭խψ৩ᚈტ ऱࠌشωေࡳ܅։ऱ 1.67 ։Δਢࠉᅃ ءઔߒࢬࠌشऱᄅऱψ৩ᚈტऱࠌشωऱေ։ᄷ ঞΔSilver(R. A. Silver, 2002) མᆖԵऱല৩ᚈ ტীኪ։նՕᣊΔઌኙ࣍ေ։ऱն్։Δ։ܑ ਢψીࡎऱ৩ᚈტ (lethal humor) ωΕψ᎘ᓎऱ৩ ᚈტ(disparaging humor) ωΕψܶᒫլ堚ࢨڶؿએ ൣ ፃ ऱ ৩ ᚈ ტ (ambiguous or ambivalent humor) ωΕψ ߰ ຒ ༚ 壄 Ժ ऱ ৩ ᚈ ტ (resilient humor) ω א ֗ ψ ၲ न ూ ऱ ৩ ᚈ ტ (playful humor) ωΔۖտ࣍ψીࡎऱ৩ᚈტωፖψ᎘ᓎऱ ৩ᚈტωհၴᝫױ։᥆ࢤψીࡎऱఐኪ ऱ৩ᚈტω֗ψીࡎऱ܀ॺఐኪऱ৩ᚈტωΔຍ ࠟᣊ᥆ࢤऱ৩ᚈტ։ܑ 1 ։֗ 1.5 ։Ζءଡூ ऱუቝྒྷ᧭խऱཛྷޗܧΔԿۯေ։ऱऄ ฃڶլٵΔឈྥຟᎁଡூڇᢄऱܧਢ᥆࣍ ીࡎڽՋऱ৩ᚈტΔ܀ਢࠡඖ૪ऱመ࿓խਢܡڶ ।ࢨឆ៲ထ୭ࢢࢨਢஎ᥈ऱტᤚΔঞऄլ ԫΖຍՈ᧩قԱڇ SDT խუቝྒྷ᧭ຍጟ᥆ࢤ ᢌऱ֨ᘝᦸխΔਜྒྷေ։ृኙ࣍໌܂ᢌ ऱᨠऄऱژڇΖ ڇ SDT ऱუቝ֗ DAS ऱᘝᦸխΔRawley SilverࠀڶףԵᠱۥ܂໌܂ࠌشऱցైΙឈ ྥઔߒ᧩قᠱۥऱ।ᐛڇᐡᩀऱܒࡳਢৰڶش ऱਐᑑ(Wadeson, 1980)Ιۖઌለ࣍ࠡהऱᢌए ᛭ᘝᦸՠࠠΔᤝڕ Diagnostic Drawing Series ᘝ ᦸΔՈᎁᒵයऱᠱۥࡉݮणਢشࠐေ۷ࡉܒឰ ଡூਢܡፖ壄壀ఐᖂऱ်ឰࠠڶઌᣂࢤऱૹ ڂైΔࢬאڇ Diagnostic Drawing Series ᘝᦸխΔ ᢄ໌܂Ꮑધᙕ࠹ྒྷृࢬࠌشऱᠱۥᑇؾΕ ۥࡉࠌشࠩऱᠱۥ(Cohen, Mills, & Kijak, 1994)ΖឈྥڕڼΔ܀ਢڕ࣠໌܂ףԵᠱۥ৵Δ ᄕױ౨ᄎࠌ SDT ፖ DAS ຍࠟጟᘝᦸऱਜྒྷᏁ क़၄ޓڍऱழၴΔ܀ਢᖙ܂១࣐֗լழথਢ ຍࠟጟᘝᦸऱய墿հԫΖೈڼհ؆ΔףԵᠱۥ। ᐛऱܒࡳՈᄎࠌᘝᦸऱေ։ᄷঞޓᓤᠧΔຍ ழࢨ༉Ꮑറᄐऱᢌए᛭ஃթ౨ਜղᔞᅝ ऱေ։ΔڂڼՈᄎ؈װࠡהઌᣂઔߒԳױא ࠹ྒྷृေ։ऱᚌរΖ؆࣍ኔਜ DAS ᘝᦸऱመ ࿓խΔݺଚՈ࿇Աଡூڇ࠹ྒྷᢄழڶᤛऱ ᎘ૹ।ฆ(ڕቹ)Δۖᤛऱ᎘ૹ।ਢൣ ტࢤఏ൛ਢܡڶᑨ៲ᐡᩀऱەၦհԫ(Simon, 1972)Ιࢨᤛऱ᎘ૹ।ਢױאଥإףԵຍ ࠟጟᐡᩀᘝᦸऱေ։ᄷঞհԫऱڶயڂΖ᜔ۖ ߢհΔڕ࣠౨৬مࠡהઌᣂऱေ։ᑑᄷװܒࡳ DAS ऱ࠹ྒྷ໌܂Δᤝڕ࠹ྒྷृࢬࠌشᒵයऱษ าΕ֗ᔆΔ़ၴऱࠌشΔ۟ਢᠱۥऱ ٽሎشΔDAS ڇᗴᛀᐡᩀऱפ౨ՂᄎޓףݙໂΖ
Stephanie L. Brooke (Brooke, 2004)ᎁ DAS ਢ౨ജ༴૪נ໌܂ृऱൣტणኪΔۖڔ Ոᎁຍጟᘝᦸྒྷᇢڇေ։հၴऱॾ৫ֱ૿ ਢऱΔۖڇய৫ֱ૿ঞਢױא܂ᐡᩀ࿙ऱ ᗴᙇՠࠠΔ܀ኙ࣍ګԳऱᐡᩀᗴᛀऱய৫ঞᝫᏁ ޓڍऱᢞᖕΔ֠ࠡਢኙ࣍ՖࢤګڣԳऱᐡᩀण ኪא֗ൣტणኪਢܶᒫլ堚ࢨॺٻٍॺإٻ ऱଡூΔޓਢڕڼΖ᜔ۖߢհΔڇءઔߒխΔᐡ ᩀٽࠓᢰᒴࢤԳऱଡூᆖመ।ሒࢤᢌए᛭ ऱᖵ࿓Δ౨᠖堚۞ߪऱس౧ΔൣტՈሒࠩ ࡳऱणኪΖ܀ਢլױᘨߢऱΔԣൣტࢤఏ൛ऱ ଡூڇޔࢬڶए᛭᛭࿓৵Δए᛭ृຏൄᄎאଡ ூ᠏տᅝழࢬܺឫऱणኪΕ᙮ፖ৫Δࠐေ۷ ਢܡޏࠡംᠲΔথ୲࣐࢙ฃԱଡூڃࠩسऱ ൄᑓխΔսڶᑨ៲ऱൣፃٲᙠऱױ౨ࢤΔൕڼଡ ூऱ SDT խऱუቝ֗ DAS ᢌए᛭ᘝᦸսྥ ਢٻ֘ᚨऱ࣠Δ᧩قױאലڼԲጟᘝᦸ܂ ᐡᩀࡉൣፃᏁޣऱԫጟᗴᙇՠࠠΔၞ۩ಳ᠋ࠡױ ౨ᑨ៲ऱᐡᩀൣტणኪࢨࠡהآ࿇ऱઌᣂ ംᠲΖ
ᔀ!
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ტʳ ԫሁऱఴ壂ΞΖءઔߒࢭ፞ს༡᠔ ೃʳ ֮ዊ٠ೃ९ऱቔᚐፖ֭Δ֮ೃ९ছ៓ऱ৸ ፂፖ᠆༄ऱᆖᖵਢ৵ᖂࠉ༛ऱֱٻΙტছს༡ ᠔ೃ֨ઝʳ ᤕᑞٚ֗ጸມט᠋ᘬࢬᢌए ᛭ஃʳ ്මچऱᚥܗΖ܂ृᆢڇڼԫࠓીΖ।ԫΕSilver Drawing Test խቃྒྷྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007) ։ᑇ ႉݧऱቃྒྷ ֽؓࢤऱቃྒྷ িऴࢤऱቃྒྷ 0 ࣦऱֽڶ᧩قႉ ݧΖ փڶ᧩قٚ۶ֽؓ ᒵΖ ڶ᧩قࢪΔࢨृਢ࠹ᇢृ՛࣍ն ᄣΔۖࠡࢬऱࢪਢڇ՞ᇙ૿Ζ 1 ႉݧլݙ٤Ζ ֽؓᒵፖࢍؓ۩ࢨፖ ऱٚԫೡᢰؓ۩Ζ ࢪપፖࡕিऴΖ 2 ԲଡࢨޓڍଡإᒔऱᎠ ྇ႉݧΖ ֽؓᒵ༓ፖࢍࢨ ऱٚԫೡᢰؓ۩Ζ ࢪਝլিऴ࣍ࡕՈլিऴ࣍چ૿Δ ܀ڶڇࡕՂࢨਢऱՂՀᣌଙΖ 3 ᆖመቫᇢᙑᎄ৵ࢬଥإ ऱ٤ຝᎠ྇ႉݧΖ ֽؓᒵਢऱ܀ፖோ૿ྤ ᣂΖ ࢪিऴ࣍چ૿܀ڶ֭ᐶΔࢨृਢ࠹ ᇢृՕ࣍նᄣΔۖࠡࢬऱࢪਢڇ՞ ᇙ૿Ζ 4 آᆖଥإऱլঞၴሶ ऱ٤ຝᎠ྇ႉݧΖ ֽؓᒵۿፖோ૿ઌᣂΔ ܀ڶؓ۩Ζ ࢪিऴ࣍چ૿܀֭ᐶլ৾ᅝΔᤝڕຝ ։ڇ՞ᇙ૿Ζ 5 آᆖଥإऱঞၴሶऱ ٤ຝᎠ྇ႉݧΖ ֽؓᒵፖோ૿ؓ۩Ζ ࢪিऴ࣍چ૿ڶࠡהऱਮዌ(ؓ ࢨਪᣊ)֭ᐶΖ
।ԲΕSilver Drawing Test խᨠኘྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007) ։ᑇ ؐ׳ֽؓᣂএ ՂՀিऴ৫ᣂএ ছ৵৫ᣂএ 0 ֽؓᣂএࢨढऱ ؐ׳ႉݧլإᒔΖ ࢬڶढຟਢؓऱࢨຟڶ ᧩قנ৫Ζ ࢬڶढຟڇٵԫଡഗᄷֽؓ ᒵՂΔࢨᔣ२ढऱઌᣂ৫ۯ ᆜլإᒔΖ 1 ڶԫٙढऱؐ׳ႉ ݧإᒔΖ ࢬڶढຟ༓ਢٵԫ৫Ζ ԫٙढڇഗᄷᒵऱՂ૿ࢨՀ ૿Δࢨृਢছ৵ᣂএլإᒔΖ 2 ࠡխࠟٙढऱؐ׳ႉ ݧإᒔΖ ࠡխࠟٙढ(լᏁᔣ२) ऱ৫᧩ق༓२إᒔΖ ࠡխࠟٙढ(լᏁᔣ२)ऱছ ৵ᣂএ᧩ق༓२إᒔΖ 3 ᔣ२Կٙࢨࠡխࠟኙढ ऱؐ׳ႉݧإᒔΖ ࠡխԿٙढ(լᏁᔣ२) ऱ৫᧩ق༓२إᒔΖ ࠡխԿٙࢨࠟኙढऱছ৵ᣂ এ᧩ق༓२إᒔΖ 4 ༓ٙढऱؐ׳ႉ ݧຟإᒔΔ܀ڶגา ऱ᧩قࢨᨠኘΖ ٙढऱ৫᧩ق༓२إ ᒔΔ܀ڶגาऱ᧩قࢨᨠ ኘΖ ٙढऱছ৵ᣂএ᧩ق༓२ إᒔΔ܀ڶגาऱ᧩قࢨᨠ ኘΖ 5 ٙढຟڇإᒔऱؐ ׳ႉݧΖ ٙढऱিऴ৫᧩قຟ إᒔΖ ছ৵ᣂএຟإᒔ᧩قΔۖோդ ՈנڇᢄխΖ
।ԿΕSilver Drawing Test խუቝྒྷ᧭ऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007) ։ᑇ ᙇᖗ౨Ժ(ऱփ୲ࢨಛஒ) ิٽ౨Ժ(ऱݮڤ) ।ሒ౨Ժ(໌ࢤΕփ୲Ε ᑑᠲࢨਚࠃ) 0 ڶנٚ۶ᙇᖗऱᢞᖕΖ ԫᠲڶ़ၴᣂ ᜤΖ ڶנٚ۶।ሒऱᢞᖕΖ 1 वᤚࢤऱΚԫᠲࢨڍଡᠲ ޗΔ܀ਢፖՕ՛ࢨᆜྤᣂΖ ᔣ२ࢤऱΙڍଡढዦ௬ ़࣍ၴΔڼᔣ२Ζ ᑓُࢤऱΚᓤ፹ࠡהᢄΔ ࢨࠌش־ཧ១࣐ᒵයԳ ढऄΙࢨृਢԣࢤऱൄ ऄΖ 2 ڍଡᠲޗፖՕ՛ࢨᆜڶᣂ ᜤΔ܀ڼၴڶյ೯Ζ ٞቹװ।ሒڼᣂএΔᤝ ڕࠌشᒢᙰࢨဠᒵΖ ֺొᑓُޓԵΔ܀ਢᢄ ቹ֗უऄਢཏຏऱΖ 3 פ౨ࢤऱΚࠠ᧯ऱ᧩قᠲڇ չᏖࢨਢչᏖۖᐙᠲΖ ഗᄷᒵऱΚڍଡᠲޗຘመ ᄆقࢨኔᎾՂڇഗᄷᒵ ՂΔڼڶઌᣂΖ ૹ৬ࢤऱΚױנڶޏ᧢ࢨ ृޓ壄֨፹܂ऱൄ ऄΖ 4 ༴૪ࢤऱۖॺࢼွऱࢨဠዌ֤უ ऱΖ ֺഗᄷᒵޓԵΔ܀ਢ۟ ֟ڶԫתᢄቹऱਢ ़ػऱΖ ֺૹ৬ࢤޓԵΔࠠڶխ ࿓৫ऱ໌ࢤࢨਢ।ሒࢤΖ 5 ᄗ࢚ࢤऱΚ༄ڶუቝԺऱዌ ݙᖞऱუऄΔ౨אᄆقۖլਢ ݮڤࠐ।ሒΙࢨृ᧩قڶ౨Ժװ ಘᓵࢼွऱუऄΖ ࠰ᓳࢤऱΚࢬڶᢄቹຟ౨ ኙ༴ᢄנ৫Δࢨ౨ە ᐞᖞଡᢄቹऱΙࢨृ ڶො።ԫߓ٨ऱԲଡࢨ ޓڍଡऱᢄቹΖ ᠏᧢ࢤऱΚڶ৫໌ࢤΕ ।ሒࢤΕୡᑗࢤࢨᜤუࢤΔ ࢨࠌشឆΕᠨᣂΕూ ᇩΕᘰࠨ܂ࢨܶࠟጟრො ऱ໌܂Ζ
।ΕSilver Drawing Test խუቝྒྷ᧭ऱൣፃփ୲ऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007) ։ᑇ ᠲփ୲ ᜰ ࠏ 1 ൎ௺ٻऱൣፃ 1.ԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢ༟႞ऱΕࡰمऱΕྤܗऱΕ۞ݺᄤᄰऱΕڽՋऱ ࢨڶીڽऱٲᙠΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢధᡏࢤऱΕીࡎऱࢨౡسࡎऱΖ 2 խٻऱൣፃ 1.ԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢ୭ࢢऱΕسऱΕլየऱΕړސᚰऱΕᄕऱࢨ լࢉऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢጹ്ऱΕᡖᑅრऱࢨࠌԳլ༭ݶऱΖ 3 խ࿓৫ऱൣፃ 1.ؿએൣፃऱΕଫࠠٻፖإٻΖ 2.ტൣऱΕॺٻٍॺإٻΖ 3.ܶᒫլ堚ऱΖ 4 խإٻऱൣፃ 1.ԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢࢉሎ܀೯ऱΕࠆ࠹ਬࠃढऱࢨਓඑऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢ֖ऱࢨ༭ஙऱΖ 5 ൎ௺إٻऱൣፃ 1.ԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢڶயऱΕݶᑗऱࢨሒګؾᑑऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢڶფ֨ऱࢨ࢘ᇨऱΖ
।նΕSilver Drawing Test խუቝྒྷ᧭ऱ۞ݺݮွࡳۯऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007)
։ᑇ ᠲփ୲ ᜰ ࠏ 1 ఐኪऱ֤უ ᚨृۿᒔᎁԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢ༟႞ऱΕࡰمऱΕྤܗऱΕ۞ݺᄤ ᄰऱΕڽՋऱࢨڶીڽऱٲᙠΖ 2 ࠌԳլ༭ݶऱ֤უ ᚨृۿᒔᎁԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢ୭ࢢऱΕඓऱࢨլࢉऱΖ 3 ܶᒫլ堚ࢨڶؿએ ൣፃऱ֤უ ᚨृۿᒔᎁԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢؿએൣፃऱΕტൣऱΔࢨृᝑ ૪ृऱ۞ݺࡳۯլ堚ᄑࢨᤚኘլנΖ 4 ༭ݶऱ֤უ ᚨृۿᒔᎁԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قਢࢉሎ܀೯ऱΔᤝڕਓඑऱΖ 5 ᣋඨኔऱ֤უ ᚨृۿᒔᎁԫᠲ༴ᢄ᧩قנ܂ृਢڶԺऱΕڶფ֨ऱΕړސᚰ ऱࢨሒګؾᑑऱΖ
।քΕSilver Drawing Test խუቝྒྷ᧭ऱ৩ᚈტऱࠌشऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007) ։ᑇ ᠲ փ ୲ ᜰ ࠏ 1 ൎ௺ਗᨢऱ৩ᚈტ ፖᨠᓾृᏭూ࠹୭ृऱᑊԺౡ૰ࢨسࡎౡΔឆထᡕፆࢨࠫٗΖ 2 խ࿓৫ਗᨢऱ৩ ᚈტ ፖᨠᓾृᏭూਬԳ(ױ౨ץਔ۞ա)࠹ેΕנ࿖ΕඓΕױూࢨլࢉΖ 3 լ堚ᄑࢨؿએऱ ৩ᚈტऱࠌش ፖᨠᓾृᏭూإٻࢨٻऱᠲΔᤝڕᠲଫࠠ࠹ඓፖ࠹ფΔࢨ ଫࠠױూऱፖٲᙠࢤऱΖ 4 ۞ݺ၈ჾऱ৩ᚈტ ፖᨠᓾृᏭూۿڂ۞ݺ၈ჾۖࢵીٵൣΕᆡᐠࢨᨬભऱᠲ(ឆ ထࠠڶᐘࢤऱࢨݔऱ౨Ժ)Ζ 5 ၲनూऱ৩ᚈტ ፖᨠᓾृ։ࠆୡᑗऱΕ᠄ऱࢨᠨૹრᆠऱᠲΔࢨन֮ڗሏᚭ(լឆ ᑅრΕܡࡳࢨ֘რ)Ζ
।ԮΕDrawing A Story ऱਚࠃփ୲ေ۷ऱေ։ਐ֧(R. Silver, 2007)
։ᑇ ᠲփ୲ ᜰ ࠏ 1 ൎ௺ٻ 1.ߡ᧩قਢ༟႞ऱΕࡰمऱΕྤܗऱΕ۞ݺᄤᄰऱࢨڶીڽऱٲᙠΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢధᡏࢤऱΕીࡎऱࢨౡسࡎऱΖ 2 խٻ 1.ߡ᧩قਢඓऱΕ୭ࢢऱΕஎ᥈ऱࢨլࢉऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢጹ്ऱࢨᡖᑅრऱΖ 3 խ࿓৫ 1.ߡࢨԳᎾᣂএਝٻԾإٻΔ᧩قؿએࢨܺឫΖ 2.ߡࢨԳᎾᣂএܶᒫլ堚Ζ 3.ߡࢨԳᎾᣂএტൣऱΕॺٻٍॺإΔڶ।ሒנൣტΖ 4 խإٻ 1.ߡ᧩قਢࢉሎ܀೯ऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢ֖ऱΖ 5 ൎ௺إٻ 1.ߡ᧩قਢݶᑗऱࢨሒګؾᑑऱΖ 2.ԳᎾᣂএ᧩قਢڶფ֨ऱࢨ࢘ᇨऱΖ !
ઢҁ͚ᚤʳ
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The Applications of Art Assessments in the
Psychiatric Patient
Shu-Hua Tsai
1,2, Bao-Lien Hung
3, June-Der Lee
4,* 1 Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai’s Home! 3Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Pingtung University of Education
3 Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University 4 Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
* Correspondence author
Abstract
Expressive art therapy is a non-verbal communication mode that offers the opportunity to explore individual psychological problems. Nowadays, psychotherapists have genuinely considered drawings as a valid assessment on the mental status of individuals. In our study, the art therapy assessments were subjected to reveal varies traits of a psychiatric patient after art therapy. The client, referred from a teaching mental hospital in the southern Taiwan, is a female adult diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder as well as Borderline Personality Disorder. Her original clinical symptoms upon referral were characterized by the self-inflicted injury, impulsion, irritability, instability of interpersonal relationships and suicidal behaviors. During her hospitalization from 2006 to 2009, she accepted totally 53 individual art therapies. After a few months later, further art assessments including the Silver Drawing Test (SDT) and Draw a Story (DAS) were followed to evaluate her emotional status, perception of interpersonal relationships, motivations, interests and attitudes. As the result, the Predictive Drawing Task and the Drawing from Observation Task of SDT both manifested normality. Meanwhile, the Drawing from Imagination Task of SDT indicated moderate degree of negative emotions, and her ability to “Select” was characterized as conceptual, imaginative and of well-organized ideation; her ability to “Combine” as well as to “Represent” showed no obvious barrier. However, both DAS and the Drawing from Imagination Task of SDT indicated moderate degree of negative emotions, which manifested her feelings of fright, frustration, misfortune and fear. Therapists commonly would evaluate progress in the related referral issues, yet oversee the possibility of underline dangerous emotions. These results suggested that we could utilize art assessments, such as SDT and DAS, to screen a client’s hidden and plausible risky depressive mood or other undiscovered problems, especially when both art assessments are not time-consuming and can be easily learned or used by art therapists, teachers, psychologists and other researchers.
