解釋鄉鎮企業變遷的制度與關係理論：社會學的利基何在？

全文

(1)• • *Hf~fIJ. ~29Wl 2002:lf !'lISI-212 Taiwanese Journal of Sociology No. 29, December 2002. -Jr. m~M!~&J:&*[@jlEr~mlj}jt~~~1*J'WB. ·. f±\w~Er~fIJ£16J1f ?. JJ~~*. :~ lI. I. jl. 11. :l&~t. : o. *::stJ1:J~f3j.flliffge~HIf (NSC 9O-2412-H-004-005). * Jj'q:~ i&m*~~~mmf*liff9CJ:j=l{}liff9C~ Wx:m : 200111117 . ~~fIJff : 2002/9/2.

(2) ~fj!~:ilIif~¥~~%Hljm Douglass North akJ rm:1IiIJ1!~i1fiJ 1l1~jtI£~. ••~.~'mu~m~m~g.~~~ft~~~~~~.~~.~· &5ii~1~lPJakJ£m~AJSd&*:1tm£makJfLti 11::~*~lID. • ~fJV'¥Iiit!. 0. ,~mW~~¥7~M.~~~~~~$~ID.A~~~~o~~. ~~A. ,~~~~m~W.~~~ftli.'~~ff~.~AE~.'. .Bff•• ~.~~m,m~~.~.~'M~mU~Mli.~~M. N~hr~~1!.J~M • • *.fioMU~*m~~~~rIPJJ~m. Aff.akJ. r~~J 1'F~~m1*~.akJ~1'F$~IJ. '. ~ci5-. rff1liIJ1!.J. rJT5m~1ffl. '. ~1! • • ~H.~rM~~MJ~ • • ~*m@.~~,am~~·~ Utt.E.~.g~~.W$~~li.&~.~~m~~.o.

(3) .il!Jt±*~fIJ. m=+tlJtIl 183. -'MI=! Jt:t~m.i£*e"Jf~~3i¥IJ2071 ~~. ,. 1999. (l977~~). fl9h'IB ' <1PJ1i'X2000 : 5). 0. I. Ef. ,. -~~M~~~~~. ~gB£f~16*~~~IJ\L~E£*I~H~~30.3%. 1978'if.*~~1*1'T rCJ(~~:fNJ. i!!inWII**~i&m¥1!f~t±~¥1!f. , JtJt:t95.46%. '. ifJ(m l-:J. ~1~~.i£*e"JOO,m. ,. nx~. *' ,. •• o-+'if.M'~.~1!f~mi£~~~' :AO'if.~'.m~~~mi£~~W~li~~.. ~t1'U~~a"J@far~±~JI]a"J fl~ 94'if..I:)*. rm~mi£ffiUJU1£a"JtLO'if.1-t. r 7tfjt#iIJ J. 75% N• •. ;. ) '&. r i£*cJ(fLJ. JlIJ.~. '. (~9:~~~.fjta"J~gB&.:lttf~fjta"J. ~~ifJ(m.l:)l&. ' mnxmi£1PJfIIH"J#iIJ. 'i&m'li~~1!f~mi£.,m~Jt~~ • • ~~~,. o. *~~~Jt:t~Mm.~~A~~ft.~~.:li~A • •1!f• • ~AO ~~~Bm. mffi~.mi£~,mrm~J~tt.7}m;&.. 199o'if.fJi!tlia"J. Douglass North. r~#iIJ~~J 7};tJT.~. 0. -ffifH&K1~fJi!. llimi£HMm~~~.~wm~~~.&..~~m~~.,. ~~~~ • • Jt:t~~~N~#~~~~~W~.£~M.~m~ormft. ~m~.~8~~M~i&m.~~'8fi~r~~~~JftE'--=. ;m~A~~li • • ~~Wg~~mmrAm~~J. ~. •••••• ~.~MHffl~~ffi0w,~.~re@mp, '~~/flpl$1996~1OJ=ljffi~~ r~. : , tE• •. r*~MM. •• ~.,~m.M.m~mm••fi.. (1:irti5.pJT~M) ~HMaf.]~fJi~fi •• ~~~:&~JI~. r.m~J~.~r~fi~J~g~. T;tPJTfJl!i&m~fi~~~.~*IJIJt~iI;z~~1~. L. •••ft:.71u. m: ~1f~. 0. •• ,. 0. J.

(4) 184. 1J~~. ~m~.~,~~e.1tr~~N.JW~K~~~~~$'~~~. ~.~~m~~~~$~mQ~&~~~~m~~~o. ;2fi:x § ~,. ... NIJft@]RHiWI¥fHffWI~*i!1I:~LrI'l9a;;JE'~JlJlt~, ~tJ. fI} ~IJ-tl!:ffi ~~f!flttWf*a"J w:m : ft ff' ,~m~w~1tr~~J~m •• ~,~m~~w~r~. mwn~.1IWJ3~~ ~~liff PCi;£ D}J1H<1f!*. .~.*. 0. ~Jro.r~~N.J~.~~~o~'~.*~~M~~r~JWm Afi~~r.J~m~~~~~.~$~,fI}OOL.Ar~~N.J~ ~ff4$1f,f. , OOt~ij I~1f:liffpcttnmfl:t. 0. ... ffiJ¥. A$W$~~~1f:*liffPC~. Douglass Northm'WlJ. 0. ~~~,~~. *~&. , ~~~J.if~~ a"JfJJ!V7Hff fEL~. mj%f~1EH~it801:fr~Wifg~~~. a"J~l.lIJ '~~~A~~~. CfJDtAM" (iff.~*Jm[l). 0. .~~m~r~~M~Jm~'£W~~fi.~~mm~~m,m-$ ~ft~Wm~x$M.o~~~~~liffPC~~~~~OO.~oMftliff pc~n~N~.~. •• $'. /~K~~N~QM~m,~~~. rM~~.J~.~'~®.~~W~.~$~~1f:~~~affl*%f~. , m~lTa"Jt±.*%f~DVictor Nee-tl!5i:iIJMa"J~W ftNo~m ~~.~~~N ••ff4L~,.~efiWt±.*%f~~~~~.~~~. 7HffM~. 0. m~o. tBH$/J\£fft 19871:ffflim. r (c5l:¥F7fjJDt1~ J ft1rtTt~iStfi*1j.ilJaf'.i.* ~9:flJ ' -tl!jjt!~~~1f:*ftnJU~~a"JU*1J9HUillifg (m7* 1994 : 436) , .*~ (1992 : 273--290 ; 1994 : 139-181) ~~-tl!.fi**1ta"Jf;£lt .m~(rrBm$&Mrr.ffl~E)~1f:~~.~W8*~~·.~~.

(5) ~. 1Eil!t±@"~fIJ. ;I$ljfil¥1~~Iitil: ~a9WJ ~. ,. ~=+:hJtIl. 185. 1~3~WJ~*m.~~N • • ~~m.. -A~~li'~~*.ffim~~rli.I~J(~~~'~.~'H. ~~). (Jiq:im 1994 : 159-162 ; ~*~, J§tiB3 1994 : 30) ffiifil¥1 0. ~.I~~~.~'~~.~~imn~~~~'~~~NHmIAA~. Tffi :jI}*il~t~!fuflJ ~ fil¥1m,*~ §!:: fl*ftf-~~!t!rWA~ ~mH±1 ~ f#:f;z: • ':EJXz;: rElIf§$itiJ a9f.n*1t-f§*a~ ~1~ , ~lj.JJD~-ffiWt±1!I'lia9 0. 0. f~~fl*ftf. J:mf*:l:fBrF~a9.i&#. : xlJW1ra' (1966-1976) , fft:l¥1R: '. m~~~~9f.~~mmbElf1/J\~I~.~a9±:1J. $ ,. 0. ~~Jll\tft*ftfr~~r. ~~.I~,:jI}~ • • ffim~.lli0g~,~~.~~.*mtt( ~. 1994 : 290). 0. f§ili5l1P:fil¥1 'r1iii1N!fu~~ibt~a9~flH~8n1:E*~I~ (:EJX~ rffiW. 1i::~J) , ffiiB.~~a9**gt~ 13 JtH ' tlD~llj:D ' ~~ , IJ\1i~~ (m~~ , 1994 : 41 ; 1992 : 279) Mm~mi1'1'I!fu~\Qlfi 0. ~-.'.§!::~• • A~~~~~·.~A~m~~mW~Ji~ffi~~. rf\.fllJ~mfJ '. ~nlli9f.1T~. 9HEHI'IA;ii22;tl~~. , :EJXfi'&ifrEmba9=f:§A. , ;!tr:j:qo;tlA*~~. 0. 0. JX~ 1986~lt ' .i.fi:lftfgj. ~lJrm~~1~. , rl1Hf'Trm. noo.a~*~~*~I~~§mb~~;~-noox~n.,~*~~ 1:.~IJlij. 95). , *~~~ffi~ r+;tlRt41tiff*llIJ. (*~filJ' ~-T~*. 1994 :. 0. ffi~Ji~ttili5lfim,mffl~.1i::~~.~'-~*~§mb.~~*. li-fil¥1* tJ • • a90g~ , rI1'1'i~IJJf;z tJ 1:E9HfiW.f'T~ ; :jI}fIIJ*~m,* AE~.~~.-fim1:E~ffl:f;z:.~_.~~OCfim~A~(.i&~. tlB '. 9;D~~~) f~Jrl. '. 71iii1Hf!ljiH'T~'Plf;zn!$UfH[lltJ 2iJl:lm~*Jj!I. .o~~~-m~ffi~.~r~A~&ifrEmb~* • • ~~~tt,~*~ :f~1!If.,~,J;J. rlmfWu. (guanxi) f'F~m~~.1i::~&;!t~~fF~a9tiS*.

(6) n~~. 186. -m~.~.m&~.~~~ • • • ~~&~.fiNMh~r~. ijjIJ~.J (1990). , mtJ~m. £Qirrart)JE r~ijjIJ~~ifBJ a"J7:HJT~f~ • fm!fltllfQl~~1i rlEA / JFlEAijjIJ~J' rll~J' & rR~1~ft<ijtJ ~U~ 0. 0. ±Uf~~. .. ijjIJIi (,M~ , ~flJ~,J1&{!I!) (lEA / JFlEA) L rti~~±&~~JU~ .... ~~~~~W~.. ... t. North~~~. ••. rijjlJItJ. .... 3<:ttUM~---,. (~Jt$t. ~~~f~. /. JF~Jt$t ). <4------'. (~~&~.~*). j§fiA~jlH1JJa"Jf~A. '. ~m~~f~Aa"])'i~~. ,. '~&J1&~~~m~~~~ft~(.~.~~)o®~~~~lEA. m~(~a~'.~,~~~~m~)W#lEA~~(~.M·m.·. ijjIJ~akJ::f~ 'R~fiIi~liIJJ. ~*Em. '. (North. 1990:46 & 83). :sz.*lilj~~Jt$t3<:~ (EJ¥Ht~~n~. 0. ijjIJ~~~::f~a"J~. • f~~g~ • Mff=fi '. ~~rf). &#.$t~~;~fi~~~~~3<:~~~fi~~.~m=fi*~~°::f ~a"J~~*Em:sz. 151 tB::f~a"J~~Mif~. , ®1t£*~~.fifl''JUfli*~ , ~~~. ~~.~~.~*&~~~*(~~E.~fiMW~.M~~*'~& ¥A1T~.~*"Ja"JJj~*1t~) ~Ofr:iJ~fgffiHfj~. 0. ~~~~1L~!l§;Jfa"Jflj:@;~IJ. .~~~±&~m.@.~~~~~w~.·®a~~~w~.~~ ~'~~±@$t~r±U.~J:sz..~~.'~~~.ffo@~:sz.~.. T*Jf-'nBa"Jijjlj~~jI. •.

(7) 1Iil!t1±1t~fIJ. m-•• $~~~. .~.~~. NorthW1.llt~.m rr#H~f:&~J ~. ,. 2f!;=- +1LWl. 187. ~~,a.am.~~.o. IZ§mifjrJ~~ • • JJi*AE~. J ifjrJltW ... ·"rJHi~~ (lock-in) ; &. Imf~pfTfBfVG~~JH~~. (1) (111-$. (2) )d~IBiH! 1m A!fJ ~ \f!fI'j.fl:illz1J[IJ;j,& JJ!fI'j@Jiti@HIli. 0. (North. 1990:7). Nf.l ,. 1iiil-$~-!/i6UfI'j~.lZ§mifjIJ~ (tlllm~ifjJJ~). affi#m0 ~. , J;j&. )fBfVG-.AE~.fB(. &f§JtJJ!fI'j$.lUi. IZ§)'fulZ§mga~~~.~. r±ilH~~J mJ1!{1fl\f!~.ftrffllma~1f~ft~. (!ll}]IZ§) , pfT. J;j~fVG~=!/i6U&Jt1&fI'j~.~¥JJ~-!/i6U.fBifjIJ~ffijfBfVG r~tH~{:&~iJ ~[]*~. (~[]. , NorthfI'j r~t~f:&~iJ fm~~f£-. (!llJJIZ§) .::f. (. 0. 2. ). ~mfVGlZ§.ffij.m • • ,m~~Jtr~rt.~~rt~~J~~fi,lZ§m. ~~~r • • J~.~fm~,ffijmZmR~mltZm,~#m~~.z ~~.mo. r• • J#-~.~ • •. 'ID.~±mffi#~@~M~&g. ~fim~~~~1f.~~tl\f!~~Z$;m.~ltWfim::f~.ft.~. §.Jji (Polanyi 1957). 0. 1Bf5l1f~t±\f!¥1¥f. '. .I::t~ft!fi1OJ Mark. Granovetter. (1992) fI'jt1il'tf[]ft~ , ~'gm*~~ifjIJ~.#lmfrmfI'jmf¥ ' JC~~~t±\f! ~f~fI'jiIDIOJJJ~9~~::f~fI'j. 2. ;. fuJl,t~&,-~~f:!f:fi¥*~~ r:g~~ • •J +.--·H~. 1H1filfJdtW:lJ;.1 North 1¥Jt,?,f!*~m"*~~JJi!~1ffl '. IJl / ~.liIJl). 1¥Jff!t~?. ~:aflrRm T1'ITIJRi~. (ffltlJl / $. North (1990:61-69) 1±ftl!.I¥J~11$1WJ;.1'ifWiJ@1~T~iOOl. ~.·~~mr2.M.J'ifmMgl¥J •••• ~~~~~OOI¥J.~'~~-M. ~.~1±.IJlRi~,~-.m.~W1± ~'~Ma. ••Wn•• ~~$~~'ili.~1±$~Ri. •• BI¥J~.~~'A~~.~1±~IJlRi~,~.gl¥J.M~~·~1±. ~mM~Ri~I¥J~.M.'.~~~1±.~X~~MRi~~ff!t~(W.g.~)~ lilJl1ffJ~~-~~~Ri~. m. o. l. 0. ~-~*fT-¥H~t!1Eirf)cf}HrnHt~i\lia9susan. WhitingPlTlIi.

(8) WhitingftflJm NorthA~~fMf~71fJTB~ • {J;P¥jC~tENorth ~~IHfljjjt ~mt!~ r:iFlErtmIJ~J tIr!J~T ~~.~~~~T. 0. !Jt!LR"'m! mlj1.llJfji. (~p$~jf!zm). ~r~ftm~J,~ • • ~~a.~ • •. o. WM~A~~.ma.~M~A-~.~g.~~~'- • • fi.A~ M~~ff.~M~~~o~.~71mfim'.ffl~.~,~.~~mm. ~.~m.~~rT~A~& • •. m. rJli~~~J. *•• J~.B,~m~m~.*~ , ~iBm-~ljtl:~~IH.~JJl. (Clientelist network). ~~ft:fF*~0fLg~r~~~fffl fir.l~ft!!~~a~Htfl~~. ; f!}~IJ:l§-ft~t!!.r~mf¥fL~ ~.~ft (2001:151) tJt!!x.fi~jjjt.1\1\1~ 0. ,. .~~~~~~~ft~mHillft*~., ~.f!~.$ rfLA~~J PJtJ~~m~a~mf¥~~. g~~UA~.o. (2001:173). ~:v~J;J~Jt, ~~ r:iFlErtmIJ~J ~ r*~~J rnu~ma~~ JE,~. ~f~a~~JE. 0. ,. (&. Oallff580 '. tlUB. "'~*~¥trm.~A~~. 9041{$~ft!!~i&Iff~.~~.~m{*~~JiH1!jffl&iB. 204Lri'l'i&R1~~.a~Im{*~1t, ~J;Jm rtt!!~0~mIJJ. ~mf¥Wti'dUi'~~fl~~T: 0~mll. ' WGftiH.jlJ. ~9t~Jm~m LSC) ~fflt~*ltff5' ~. 804{{~Wtft{t (~WJm~~f1ift!!~. ' WGLSC1) , f~a~~ft!!~i&R1U[fifr A.~~m~.~~IJm~ji. 'i&R1~.~A~Im{*~f~-Jif;t0R]. ,. ' ftir,. [email protected]:LfMliJGWhitingJJI. f~~J;JNorth~71fJT~fMm*),. rWtft1tJ (local state corporatism '. iT. ~Ilt. 0. Whiting ~4tf:H~&~jf!zm~:ff ' Jean Oi (1999) {t. 0. (corporate). $a~:g~~.Jng~r~. jffl~p.xLSCI ~~~f~f!fWJ~804{{~~m1tm*fl (~PAR0t±. ••• «:g~.'~•• ±~~~.~Mi&. )'&$~~Mi&~¥($~tE$71~~.~.~~ •• B~.'.. ~~~.~'«~$~~. i&1ff'M~~=.i&R1 • • • • ~.~~~rg.fl~J). ;~~.~.

(9) r. lfl!tf±l1t~Hlj. m-=+:tLWl. 191. ~~~~*ff • • ·a.~~·m.~~·&m.n~~.~~~·~ ~.~n.~~li~,~m~~.~Cl~~m'~.~=M~rB~ ~P.:J' ~ nJt(7It~P.:J ~~ ,f§.~~.LSCl Jffr-tf-f~IHE:. '. ~~¥~*~'1i. $,. ;. a)t• • ~. , ~MLSC2~I±Vl '. ~1~ffi¥a. j;)J~.'11~t.fi:~t~1di~r. (!~n~j>Tm). If.t~5t~cffi¥i¥Jjlj:5Hic. ; a1fimf}Hti.t~ff§,\~~t.DZ1ilLjf'&1i:~. ~lj7 90~fi:Wjff~=.tihn0ff*lj. :a. 0. Jffr-t.1i:.mm.·~ffi~·&m._~0~~~.gnp.:;~R~~ tB._a1i:~nJ:\3tfilfkJ~u~~g~r~aJ;;W~. ; f!:1.~)ZJ.QJ*IHl?!lap (JiI. 8A~T)&~.$M~ffi¥[email protected]·g~~,tt~~aJff. -~1i:~~mf*'£i!Jl~~Kitit±~P.:~ (corporatist) ~m~. 0. !i?~ LSCI. ~~c~.~'rn~~~~.~n.~~~'~~7r$~~~~. ~*,lJ. '. t~~~ 88 ~j;)*~fi~~~.~*tiijf)t.. ' * § jt:lihtihn• • 1i:~. ~.~'&ffi¥~M@m~~~.*m~1i:~~~*ft.oM~~rn. $ , Kitititf,t£corporate. ~Ijcorporatist~~it~~~~ffi¥mm~~. , ~~m. ~~~"~ft<~~o tt.~ma~¥. ~~~~~,~~~mOi~~~.~.. WhitingaJ;;JfUlff* ; @tihnl,*f!:f:$~wL-~. (*ff• • • a.*lj~ •. • • ~~)~~Nff*,~-~(m.n~)~~MAff*o~-~~ !m1lI-1:iJ~. ,. Oi5t;fJT~mlP.~~~' 1978~$;R;aJ;;a1I:1fia.mH~tihnll*. f!:f:~*lj~@m~ 80 ~fi:~-~ LSCI ~a1i:mmf*,. frffJ~~.~~*llJ. '. ; ~Il. Nn~~&tihnll*f!:f:8J;;pq~~it. '. 90 ~fi:[Zgffi¥. r$. )Zj§~~=~LSCl. ~~C~ • • o~m¥~m*~~~,m~.1i:~H.~~$'-~. m"tihn'B ft~*ll.1i:~~~8J;;a1I:~ (01) , ~-mIJ~lJim~~aJ;;iittl *P.:& l&*_miitflaJ;; ft[Zg!f!: (Whiting) lih~~~~'EIt3 Whitingfi~~.H&*Ji.S_c ' -nlID~ii94~5tm*ll~$;R;a.~a)t~~jt: 0. .........

(10) ·~-noo~~~~m~n~fi~ ~fi~m1i):~fIJ. 0. •• ~.:~~~~~ff.. ffiH&--%'f ~J1! Whiting WTf'FWJi&! Oi Z'". 0. iliJ1!·~~.%'f~ft¥~~.~~~rr.~~Mffl.A~~.~o ~D*f~WhitingPff*~iBa~' ~~~ rfLA~~j jj1i):~ltf¥fL~~~'. ~.~*xl~~H1f1Mijl¥4-95%tJ_ta~.~~f~m 'fL~~~. f.t. , 1.I~1!~~~a~. A~'~~J1!~~~W~~n~fili.'~~~I!.~~~'.B~~ .~~M~~,~~~.~m~'J1!~~ff • • ~~m~~E.~~M ~~ • • ~·1i):~fi~~m.~tl• • %'f~m~~.o. f§,,~1i): Oi WWhiting ~llLi&m~%'ftifF~ • • ~~a~ili~. Wank. (1999) ffl. r1!iIJ~X1tj fm'Ji~~f§IPl~*.~~. ,. David. '!llf£~~ffig~~ffl. .-*~m'ili~.mfi~.~~~.~·fi~~.~.,~~~m1i):. 1i1!ijlffl7E1.~~¥fiurtl\!T~%'f¥N~*&' ~fff~nu'. 181£'. l:HJi&a~. ~.. • ~D*tEfil!ijlffla~~j1.fl*37IJ~DT: (1) ~fff.&nul!iitT~~1~~~~ t:!:; (2) A~f81£W~m1~~~; (3) ~.Am~mmIJW~~~.A~1~~~ ~W.i&'~~fiM1i):*m~*fi~f.t1i): • • ~~W~~~~ftffl·. Wank. f! '. (1999:9). a~~rrJ1!~~~'. ~*.B~f;£ji~. r(J.lr':tI£OOiJ. (patron-client ties). fL~~~a~li. a~~~' ffi]J1!~B1?rfljfij~. ~.A~~~~~.mojffi]~~~rr~¥~~~+~~fi*~• •. 'J1!. ~~~~:tI£n~fiZ~~~*~~m~~.~r~~j~~O~-fi. J1!~~~~~.~ • • • • ~m~~7AO~~'~~7~*• •~. ~:m~~fi~~~~ • • • ,~ • • ffi]~~fii&~~ • • • • ~ft. jl}c ' ~:9Hjz~~- ,. ij/3&:tI£n. rm±i&~j. (1999:33-34). 0. ~tft~}X~~.

(11) ......... ~illf±~~fIJ. ,. [i-*~. Wankmi~~~:g~~FIErt~f:£Hf~dl'gfi~. ~a"J~~ (1!PfIJ~') ~f.M~1:~ft. ftpJT3&. '. •. ~=-+:ttJt'-I. 193. E13ft:JJji]t.*~. ~!lfu$!k:~tiQ1Ja"JIEAitlmU!r~:~. 0. &~.a"J~~~Afi=*~.M~~MM~.~W~1J~ft~nM. (1999:36-39). a"JtiH& '. 0. : tJ€{ftfi~Mftij~~ ' ftij~~cia~~*~~~fi~$ , *~~f#:!D. §$t , £~~f1l~)(~a"Jirilm~J. ttf1l~itIJ!l:f3t{mrr. .~~~~.~m,. ~~~~~~M.~M~f1l~:f~a"J.~tta~. ~£ili~A~mffa"J • • :m&mff-1Joor.Wtt-~-~.H~$. .~~m~.~$J'~-1JOOili • • tt~m~~~W.B~.a"Jr~ !lft1T~tJi!fHW~:g~DfH.~$ J. 0. mtl&'tl!~il&mmm~a'g~*J~. ,. ~~. , rmm@{ftf@x.~ ~7il&mmm~~-~f~~)7} , Wank. Hi-~~ft~£'~fi-Pf=fit~~~{iQ~~:f~a"Jf3<{.'{ftf@. ~~*~~~ft!lfu~~lT!lfu~fH*. 0. MtJ€a"Jf1l*~~~A~mffa"J~~~M~'IE~li.~fi$~H~~~ ~~M~~:f~a"J.~M,ft~MM.~~~· J:~-f)tpJT1Il~a'g~f:£~~.. ' IEtlDNorthPJTma"J. Wank~~~~~~7fljij~~.~~tiQ1J~ft~EJpMma'g. r~JH1!~5f!:J. rml!JJ. 0. '. ~. m~~. ~ilifi~r!lfu~J,m.~'t~mm~.~,rm~r*.~~J3~~ .~. A~~**.~. a"J~~ttoWmm. Wank~WjEJ.;f:~a'g rif:~f&fpJJ. ffT Wank. '. -~~tt~~mm • •. rmti~ft:PJT8~ ritfJJ5i~ftJ. , mm$7t. r itIJ13rre£~*"J5lHT~a'gtJi!~IJ ' ili~91 ~A fr'miH:£tJi!~fJa'gfm~ J )ji!tJi!~IJOOrm ~ , *~~1T~51:¥IJitIJJ5iPJT~!Ea'gpq I )7}~5t~~:g~DfH.a'g~. f§~ft::~n~Xa"J*1Ci5"f*fpJ (corporatist mode of association) , $OO!IakJif:~f*fpJJ;J~.~~${.' ' {~19:E*OOfvl:e~J)7HI ~a'g~JL\lIJm~-fl ' tJt~m~fi5"~11a"JUj\T~~A~:f~m~$a"J rEJ*AJ~5t'ili.87~J5i:f-~A~mff°-Pf • • ~OOrm~,m 0. (1999: 162) ~}g~, 0. 0.

(12) n#~. 194. ~M~~r.ttJ,~~.~~*~r • • ~~J~~.;®m-~~. ~.*ffl~ft~'~~~~~~~.(~ • • )'~.~~~A~ffm ~~~~m*m.·MU'. r• • ~~J.tt~~~7.~tt~a~m A~~~~~~m,~.~~tt~8ffi~~r • • • RJ,m~~~8 ~iffi:~)(~~IHHif~llta"J~mkJ. '. ~~*~M!lJJ· m~,t~WankPfTm.~~. 1&~~f:t~~~!lJJ~m!~a*ll~*!i!~~}Ji!a"J~~.pfT~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~(~~,mff'. }i:ijcW• • ~!{lj). ..... a"Jt~~ff. '. ..,. t.. 0. M!lJJ/Jlr~~fkA:i£*. Parish and Li (2000:31). 0. •. • • )WD~(~~M. ~mt~a"J:± ~,. tB}Ji!K9Cl:it8fH.I. 1995:q::~i7t1fi3341[gJ~ma"J2870.:i£. *~.~.m,~nfi.~~~m~~~*.~ff:i£*~~";~~fi ~.ftA:i£*~~~~n,m~W~~&.Dm.~m.a~~M~ ~~1:t~~~r:t. '. R~:i§Ji}Ji!a~nfJijj{@~~IH1 (~~WankPfT:i@ffla"Jti13. m- Jf r~) ® II ~ f:t ~ a"J m" ~ ih ~ tf!H~ ~ Il6X ~D Jlik llif cW II~Ji ifil! (2001 : 89) 1999 :q::~~f¥E~~:i£*a"JWii]~pfT~ , RPf~~~M!I5f1~~1:t 0. ~. , ih~~ r :i£~.~~!Ul~m~jf. '. ~limlmil&lffa"Jtttl5""" n*!i!~rI5D~. ,. j:J~~*&!~m:fJI. ,. ~\~~!li1t~jfij~~{*a"J11*. ~\~iffrt~cWttl1n'§ .a"Jmml~. , ~*~ID6J~IHtI1. ~~mmf~ (RrJ}i1:tmmf~d ······~~¥}m7~:±?!Ifi'113. '. 1~A1'~wankft~a"J~ft£~fi~. '. 0. J. , RIH~ti'~m"80:q::. R.~&:i£~~a'~fto:q::R~~~~~.ffl? ~IltZ9i-. •. '. Wank~.a"Jm"t#i!t.illZ~7~tl. ; 1!lDma"J~~iilJ r •. m~J~~~~~M}i:ij~.tt~.~~A'~ih~~m"mtl°ill. ,. ~~~Oi~Whiting. ,. Wank~Ii.~~fk:i£:±~ttl1nfi.a"JllD. (.WjfMR~.AO:q::R~/Jl~),m~~~mfto:q::RM!I5~:i£**m tl;fk~1tJ..jf&a"J~~. , ~ji'~. rmmf~J ~~a"Ji~m~:fuj~M!lJJ. D~;x~. n$.~,~m.~~~~.ITrt~~cW~~~m~~r~ft.~J'.

(13) r. .......... .illf±l1~fIJ. ~nililjatMiI!f.t~~BkJ~.JG\~JH~~~mf**~BkJi51 ~ ~. m=+J1JtI1 195. , ~fr'*IjITi!!~1£1iffJ'[. ••• @~.BkJ~~o* •• ~BkJ-m.~'.~~&7~~M~.. ~~~~BkJ.tt;Am~ffW~~~M;&~rt~~W#~rt~~~". ••~9•••~BkJ •• ~.·~T~~.~~~.~. *~1£gm~=*~.~BkJ~.'~.~@~1iff~~O~~BkJ •• ~ ., •• r~~J~"gg.~mBkJ~.o .~~~~M. (~ ). m~~HU~IM{~~. ~~~%~~M$~BkJr*.~~JR~~~M~~~fi.ttBkJ. ti*PiPi-A ? ~.¥~ftI:*ll~ (1992) **~.;f:.i!H~MV¥ABkJlm1! ' ~?7J •• *BkJ~.¥lm,ftA~r2-*-fiJ= :~rtJ~~ ••• BkJ.~(MB.m~~r~Jm)'@~.* •• 1£*.E~BkJ~. , fln"*~~1* / MBkJW.~RWf~~BkJpqr~fipJT~lI ~~fl*BkJ)(ftfr! .fi~.BkJ~*~.,m~r*~MgBkJ•• tt~.mtt~~mg~. ~BkJ~r~9:t•• Jt~.B~*.~mf*~MJ (ftI:*ll~1992 : 8) 4 'M~~ rMJ B~~a1:AI±W~1£~ 2iIDMB~ , )(1tfr!.. mfft~g~11 }li1j*~A' ~~~ -g~.i!Hm1tBkJ~.Bm, i!!8,t~ rAtftJ : ~m*kJ* 0. 0. 0. ~ABkJr.J&~*mABkJr.J. -fl}$lj r.1J[J flmB~*.~~1j filfII*J:*~B~. ;@~~~fi~r.~J~r.~J. ~~ff£.~fID$lj;fPjJt j]jBkJ1Wf~~mf* 0. El1ffl$BkJ~Iii:&AA~~mf*. 0. ~=g)(ftj{i1j~E. ' Jt.~)(~f ' :j(J! ' 5t.5f} =. rtitili'jJ : ~[Q]~)( ; AA~[Q]~5t.5f}. 0. 'M*.~~lj.PHt. ~~~rfiJBkJ~1:A.~~,tit~BkJr[Q]JBkJfr!".H1:7~ffl:~ rR~U~J~~.~r[Q].JBkJ¥w~~,[Q]ff'[Q].'[Q]*,~~. 4. ~5[Pye. (2001:378) i¥J~fHJ;(~¥t. 0.

(14) 196. n~~. ~x:tt~~1AI;J1&*a~B1RJC.E#. '. ~~5t*. cJ;J~5tiffrUiiliz:f~ffjj~f~B1~m1~*~ ~j§@l1lltiB1utlz:J;J&rOJ. ; *fj~!Jj(~ljtJHjtT~B1:.A:tEEi. om. I£FH~JijJJ). 0. 0. B1f~iJJ. IIIH}J (IlPElc' IfJU). ~:tE I¥~J B1Ji~LPfTf~AB1'tw~B1~V. LB11llti &' '. ~~tiJ~. PlY J;J1~*x1lii'f.:tE£Ff*a. .L~I~J&:tEftiJJ~Ji~L~I~J'~.~Tma~.Elc~* ~/j\Z~m1~~B1~*)i~ I~J. W. 0. 5. I¥~J ~ J;J:f5tffiSx1lLB1. 10#RtJ. (public goods). 0#. 0. M~.$:tE.a~~~m~~m-.~A~m,ffjj.~B:f~m-~~ ~~~IH~. ; t.lO~jl\J~~B1~~0~~:ftlg:f~1f-~R;1~m. 0. ;I{f~{lIf~~. ~mmA~%~~~~~,~mBm~~~~WI~nm~J~~tt,. ffjj~~-*~uml.ajl\J$~~~ttJ*~ft~~$=.:f~ttm~. 0#M. (1iiJ~~ 1996 : 106-108). :. 11~~tt~J (club) ~~~B1~ljj, ~~jl\Jm1~1~ 111~m1H~:lJ~J. B10#M. 0. ~~i§.M~' ~w:t:y~~m~~IJ.t**lt~, :t:§7Am~. ~ljx.1ElLltj5i~~1llB1~~. 0. / ~~B"J mm f*~ , 1fff!t~L"i1J ,1:)I1i~ Pierre Bourdieu (1977) B"J I:'t.1'H}rmJ (habitus) *m,lil,l, :'t.1'H}rm~1IQ1a1f!f-Wl*!k!t± ~1U&lfEr:p , ~1~B"J-:§?ffl~jffi"i1J@itl/f[llJ:'t.15RilIDB"J:lttt (dispositions. 1977:72 & 81) &' I[IlJJ W I¥~J PX~~tt~-jffi1iffiitl1fflQla'i'~~f~B"J-1'lQImm1*~~Hif' Bourdieu j:51U§ -'i'~i@fE~i'i:rt)~OT 5Hff: 1ft 51:t1B~:'t. f¥{}rmW1RJi: @afIJ~jffi ~tl.~~~&,Tffl~~M~~~;~jffim~@aft.~~H~~Wj:H • • oJ (1977:76) tltfm1:gi'J ' flQla1'T.~JfJllgW.t~~}-'ttfj:~ffi1D%351fffB"Jm"~ fE!~ Bourdieu1f;@-m"~~9f. ''f,f}j'm'H±l¥RJi:@a&'Tf'J~ (interests) B"J~1'l~tl.*'J ~B"J'I'I1j:t~,1:),& (,1:)tlt11"B"J@~jffii3) ?i-1'l IIPlJ W I~J ~ti~:'t.f¥{}rm;@-Rf1L .mmf* fiJT,1:) , Bourdieu fiJT Ei ' ~5~ T tltfr'[!g~mm1*~~B![~TI ?i-I~ti~fi~n'J itl ' ,1:),& I[IlJJ' I¥~J :lttHJ:[pxB"JA'lfftttw~11Q1[i'i]J3tB"JfEH} 5. ~~@a~o filJjiitl x1U~'ltMtf~ffu. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

(15) ........... a:/Il:f±fI¥fIJ. r*1fRJ. ~=+.hWl. 197. (clan) ~~~H'j~t!'!1~ft rf~1fJ ~f~::f!l~~.!J:tl:l¥J. 0~Mo.~~'*1fR~~8~,mff~.~ffi~m~~.E~m • • ~~.o.~,~mmm7~.~~~mff~~.~.·. :@i&' rMrfJXJ rW-~RJ 1'F~0jH::t. (gang) lli!a~~~. ,. ~~~M~a~!l5t. '. f1lj~J;J:!tWj£'ffit±1f5tlma~ 0. ~.llt!l5tHIj'I~5$~~~flH\U~. 'ffi.·AMl¥J1f~.~~m~r.~~~J~.~'~.Mff~.£m R~~I'M~.~M~ffir!l5tJl¥J0~Mm~.~l¥Jr~Jl¥J~. ff;. 0. filJ~. (1996 : 109) 1ft!'!tfj~=fi5tl~~i&. '. ~-~m~fi~. :. ~m~.A~~~~:@.llir*1fRJ~.,m~~mrm.$Jw ~J~fi r~J'. M.o~. r~J'. 9i-W-li:l:ll¥J!Yi\1lil!. -H~~t!'!ml¥J0~M(. rf~ffJ' &!jo/]lI~lj1;i}:) 0. m!tt9i-1~HtB. '. f.t9i-m1fu '. ,~P**fU~~~W-~R. .llt.~~~~. f.trJqf1lj.~~~IIDf.t. '. Hljj/ffijmpw*f~i!ilj. :. ffl1f~~~$~~M@~'&~~M~r~J~M.m.l¥J.~·. .~~~Mt!'!m~~~ftl¥J • • '~fi~~~~0~M~tt.,X :!t~~-~!tt9i-11F1fu. ~0~Ma~~&. '. '. t±1f~~~4friJ~~~ (Lin 2001a). a~fiQJJ;J.m r~J'. r¥~J'. 0. 1[:[~1t£~. r1~ffJ a~~fI~~'I1&. ~~~lj1;ita~~~lI ~'lll¥J-*~1JIJ. : WJ~~~~f*~.~fm~m jIj.a~~ .'~::f~~~~.om~~~m*fi~~~&,~~~ • • ~m~~ 7~Atllj~fT-f~tb9.:. r~J'. r¥~J' ~ rf~ffJ 1f~~f*~$~~a~f~i!ilj. W1f?~.lltft~~• • ~AEmffWH~~.l¥J~~o. (=)A~ffiff~~~~ r0~~~.~~.J~~*~l¥J$~,f.tm~=~.l¥JA*~~ ~.o~~.llt$~M'IIDf.t.M• • $l¥J.~,ft~::f~~~~.%~.

(16) 198. nif:~. ~~(~~rr~~*fi~m~~*~~~~~Mm~H.)'ili~~~ M*Rm~r~~~B~~~m~J(~M~~a?m*~wm-r. ~~~.J~R.m~)o~~~fi~~~~-Bff~®.~X~wm. ~Mfi~~~.mM.(~~~~M)'M~fi~~~~~~~~~~. rtJUI!J. (.lz:j~;m~~IJpxj~$). , W-ij~tJJa"Jm*. Coleman ~:J:i!mfl~~ff1i'iJmii!a"J?1!rea"J. 0. 0. t±ff~=%f James. ft!!~~ (1992:249). :. ~.S~~fi~*#k'ff.~ff.*~~~~~AA~MM ~W~~~. ••. ~)t ~:,z~iL'. ,~~~~~aff.~.~A~I~~~. (,7ij J -t{-1: 71' -tt. I}. ~1£1or100 A (~J ~ i'k -tt.-:fJfX... .m~Hl ~ ~~ tf f(~. 6. ••. 0. 6. ;\'I;flColeman,~t~S"J:v:fnB~T)t@l1HUJl!m~~fnB. f9H'fIH1J (externality). B"J~.£. Etzioni (1975:8-16) ~m~*fljJ-ij~fiU.ll~S"J~ II! a Etzioni~'Z~mml*/f~B"JA' B=A$, APJD1!i}j;=fifljJ~.ll~t)J!H~Bf.fIJ!B"J ij~f;t : Atil!!~:lltjJ (coercive power) B ~IJmH;t (alienative compliance) ; A til!!~q~ ~ (remunerative power) B~IJIl:t!~7tW: (calculative compliance) ; Atiffi~$&l~ (normative power) B~IH,'mIDiXijI~ (moral compliance) Etzioni~'Z~~~fijjjJ-ij~ f;t~.ll~~ttmjJ m ~ jffi/fliffB"J5H.ll tt~ft1l'Utl tJmBJl Coleman}!j!fnBS"JIJ&=-'F~ £~,ft~~.~g~IJ&~B"J • • m~w~*:lltjJ • • §B"J$W'~B~~~ Etzioni f/fliff J S"Jmrti: ' §PfAttf!l! T rJi!.Wf1fi~IL\1~IDiU~B"Jf1Z~'i'B"J*IIIlMtlilID Etzioni :5'j-'l!f (I 996) ~IJ~tJ =fijjjJ-ij~f;t~.ll~~£~ , ~frtt .a;:ttil1tB"Jti~ :t~J3;: (communitarian) 51tfT a :5'j9'\- ' rti~iIi{lj~m (g'fjI)() B"J~ill~-t'£- , til1t ~-t' Victor NeefuWili-'fcolemanf.t• •7m(!lilS"Jm*, ' mtEmBJl~lt~.L-j.¥9.Wrti~:& 1!@lA£jJ1m¥ti:3!H~~11~14 L ' ~/f~DColemanmf~m-t! a ~ Victor Nee and Paul 9i- '. l~-'f~)t~iJtil1t~-t' Amitai. 0. 0. 0. Ingram (1998:25-27). 0.

(17) ~i'lHlI~flj. m=+JLWI. 199. ~~.~~~m.,.~~~ft.~fi~'.~fi~~mff~'OO l~;U!:HJ[&f§lf¥AlTBdl~'8~A m~1 Colemana~~l$. ,. 0. Putnam (1993:172) miG (norms of reciprocity ). jf!z¥'E1~1¥fRobert. I}:[~-tv$ill rlI~J. .~.~H~~$.~mff~~W • •. :. .i.:¥It;ff ~~.t -t if fI9 .i.:¥It (balanced reciprocity) ~:Hl!- ~ I&] *fI9~ ••• fI9.&'~M~~I&] • .i..ft•• &~.RM~ :ii!l!i-;:JUk~ -Aifl9.i.:¥It (generalized reciprocity) ~ttJt·ti 0. ••••••. 0. fI9~.M~'~-M~~~*~~~:¥It,~.~_*~~*.. ~fI9# •• *.;ff:¥lt~o~~~~~.~.~*;ff-.~.i. ~o. Putnam;,g:f!a~~-~'111I~. , &~~jJH.i~Jl.~tJMff~@]AfLfIJ~!Il. a~~,~~~~mft~~~~fio~~-tv~~-~ttlI.m.~~ ~ft.~!Ila~ftlIm~.~,~~m@]!IlaA~r.m~tl*~.~ ~J a~~fji. .0. 0. ~aOOi§. , m-!Ilaa~~t5J,t~. r7J<j~Ffw~Wf~'. ..... .. OOWf~~~a~~,I}:[H.-@]A.~m~A~ • • '~W**~*e. J (Putnam. 1993:166 ; ~j!North 1990:12) ~*¥lJ¥~¥:. rM;l*J. ~~m@~fji~w~:*§*mff~A&*.~~~~Rft~m~*~. ~ftM-~fji'fi~ • • *aOO~'**~.m~/~w** • • W~ e.o~m.fi~~m~.,.* • • ~m~~fi~M~~r.J. PutnamPJT~a~-~'111If~. , ~'¥'8~'E!2;~tftlO. r¥~1J:J mf.i~A1'1fmml*. $~.OO~~;oo~~.(m~M~)M~~r. 1M '. J'.*.~~~.. i:!1~~lI.J;J-c.~t:j:rIL\~ r.W~t±.~.~~J. 0. fIj. r~J.r~J.~.AH~~~$mff~~.'i:!1.~~~H~~.

(18) 200. rt:&f!£1l!J -1Ji¥flflj , ::f~~IU9JR"Ji~JlUJi!fB. 0. Putnamillz::f~~~. , !tl~ft*R"J~~fi?G~~cir1i¥IHlfB£1:f~Hf ' ~~ 8,tR tf~ OOf'@$-fHff!A ~ R"lfBfIl ' *Jf1: fiftR"J~:;$:~ l!: ~m)LAli~-~ tt1i~mfBR"l~~'ll~~W~~~OOAA • • R~1:mo7m~1:~. ~.~~rAmJ&r.JR"lM.'~Jfili~mmrft*R"l~~::f~~ ~~A~fi~R"l~~J~m~o&~.~'fi.~M~R"l1:r~J(~ r¥~}~J'. r¥~MU. ¥IJ. r~mJ). , ~i~*R"J)({tfBIIIHii:tt-f~g~m§. R~~R"l-*.~og~mgR"lftW'. • •&M• • ~~ll.~.tt. (~.B~MR"lU&fi~)'~/~.~W~fflr.JR"lfBlII~.1:~. Pff~ff!ffjljR"J. '. R.fiftR"J1t~Ili~t*Hff!1ift~¥i~*R"J)( {tJIZ';. 0. ~D:5t!&fr,~~ti]1t~1j¥AR"J~m1*~~~fif~*)( {tfBlll. (r[r.lJ J '. r~J). ~roR"l&.,m~~~-~~~.~r-m~.Bm1:m~I~ttmA. fkxR"JiJfnHo1NfrpJ. 8,A:*5E*~~T (Wu 2001:115). 0. i&¥tlt±.~~!R. ftR~tt~.R"lm!tl,m*-$ft~!tlm~.mM~fi.*~~$H.. R"J ~m{*~l R"J:;$: fi reciprocity ,. .tit -":;$: fi r flHi R"J f~ J (suspended ili8,A:~-~tt1i¥~) , jffi1'Fffl$-~fi-~m~R"J!i{f£~B~HllfjjJ 0. 1ift. tf~£1: r~j~FfW&::f;t;;;fjj~mf*J R"Jm:~ (Wu 2001:117). 0. !RR"Jffl~~m. mlliR~~~$R"l~OO~.~fiA~~~,m~!tl~~~~~~ttrI. ~ttmA~XJ~n~. X {tfBlll '. 'R~A~- • •. °!tlmr[r.lJJ'. r~JR"l. ~~r~~rrt31:A-'e!.tl5~tl~-}N!Ji$-mffjljl¥J*~~mf*~$. ,. jffi.::f~~*~R~~~~~I~ttl¥J,~!tl~m~MU~~~~~! ~D:5t!fiA~.m~~.~)(ft*:!Jrfn. 7. ~MLin. f~*)({t::f~ffl*~. '. (2001a:1O; 2001b:3-6) ft;JiM~. 0. , }jf~~-fI9lM!l!. M)(iJI1i:iJ~~tHt)(1tllttft;J0~Mft;J. ~M~mm'm.MW~ftmW~~~.~.mw~~~m.~~~~o.

(19) ~. ~=+:tum. r)(1tW*5~J. fjj-ntHI"JD'-'-t!i. wt? Mijl North~J~a"J. 201. (Wu 2001:114) , ftX1tLx.:~qJtliiflrHt. r~1H~fti(!liiiJ $i3-~~::f~a"Jjz;;J*, ¥pnt:li!!W~. ~~~M~~ft'~7IAtt.MZ#'&.~A.fjjrAmm~J~. ltZ rlBJJ. r¥~J ~fB". (-)~~~~.#~~~~~~.~H.~ ftllJ-a"J~~$. ltz~rjJ. , North. •••. r lEAW~FlEA1/ilj~B"J::f IBJ •. ; ITfijJgatJ~tfWhiting , oitlt• • :&~~1/iljIJt7HfTmlj~ilfUFlE. A1/irjm"Jfjj::fD RWWank 0. '. ~fEB"J~}t8Jl~FlEAa"J~fJt~~. 2a~~mm(~~t:li!m~£mM,t:li!~~~.m~~ltTB"J~£~.. ft*'~~D~~m~~m• • ,&~~z~~~m~z#~.B"JB~ ~1'Fffl). )(1tJ. 0. !i\i~Wank (1999:156-158) ~~~1t!!tEt§:f!Ila"Jft;ffTn~. ~al;] , ITfiW~ljfjj rm~~~~~~. ftJ a"J m~lfi'~. ,. B"Jffiffilj. 0. $~al;]*t.±.~f~ii*±. (market transition) ~'fE!~ft!!~m~*~~~D1iifii!UlXfjj. .~~~~8Jl'B"J• • A~.~~~mm~ a"J~{~£. r1/ilJ&. §Mffi~::f~.m~T. ' ITfi- flrfi~~~~~rJt*~g;,riiJfi!l~-*-t§:lElBJfjjm~"~~ i. ~~.AH~$B"J~~~::f~~~.rfi~ • •mn~, 1'F~rMJW*~~~.~B"JrIBJJ,~~mft~~mmMm~~~tl. •. (~D{t!!fiJT5NfTa"J.*flj~ti:lfJa"JEmilia-Romagna) fiJT~\~a"J-~'t1HM. ~.mtttl.~M'~~~Wffi~~~::f~mB"Jo&.~~.AB~~. 8. rh~iliilJ~~}liiUi"ln.~8kJmi~. • PI 5t.~IJtlttA.,L- Victor Nee 1~Jt$:y.~ili:8l;J~~. (Yang. Cao and Victor Nee 2000:1175-1176) " ftRfr,~:g~mj:~OOtl;;*!'t~~=~iIlIJjffleft~f~t± .~. ••• ~M~M.:~~~m~&~~ft~*a(~~.~~~~). ~-~---=-;&m~m.*!'t~~T~~~~~.·.

(20) 202. 1J~~. ~.~~m~W~"~~fiw~.~a~~E~~ft~~,&~.~~ WfIJ~Jm~{llllil. 0. 1f~-~~J:.. 229) ~~r*' ftl!~. ••. '. ~~IPl~*!i!fl!ft±wf!~~~~t~* (2001 :. :. ff~*~~~A~(~. ... ••. ~~,. ~)~R~r • • • ~.J~M~' ~~~.ff~~. . ... ~aM'~.A~. •• ~~~M~~~R~. oM.~,~.~.~r~.~.~.ff. ~'~.~A-.A~. ~~.~o. ••. •• A~~ ••• '~~~~ •• ~ •. ff~*~.~*l~~.~A~*.*~. •• ~tA~,~.~t~ •• ~ •• A~. ;fH't,~ll*a;PJTil~ rt±wHlm~Jr1fJ. '. •. ~~,~*o. ~I;l] Whiting (2001: 150-151). mmllil~~~~~~~.~m~~~~.,~~mfi~.~li.U.M "fif~*)(ftfBllla"1. rlPlJ W r¥~J. ~1r,J!r~1Tfi~l3~. , tJl~~~ta;~~. ~m~~~~o®ll*a;.H.rr~r~n*.~mJfi~~~.~~. *Jl~t~tr\ (~t~* 2001 : 237) , t!!Hift .13~)('{tmfB~~f'F£Ul mtf~. , ~fr'&\~~**J:.PJTffifli '. 0. ~i\IIItJl!t:lH±.~m t)j?t1Ht r*'f*IJl!t~J. ~mm~~h~~n,~~.mili,m-*'f~.~WM@~~ftffi*'fm. *C*~jj:tI!n{E3lt±&j:tI!n~j!~1.i!lVJ. 0. ~~fr'@]¥IJJ:.~North. PJTW rlE. ~W~~~~~~~IPl'R~m~~~J&~fir • • J8~~~MJ:. rm~~g1ffifli. 0. ~~fiOO~III-,~~~~mili,~~~mr • • J-~M'~ ~:W;1~~.~~IJ}E~, PJTt)ftl!~:. 1f~~F~~*IJ*"1• • ~t±.a"1~m. r*ljl!tQi{~a"1~fj~PJTt)fl~fU7""" 0. J. (1990:6) ®m'P]~1. B::$::!lftlJX.:!. a~E13 rf~*1Ca"1i!&J (p. 21) PJTtt4~l'!"1]F~~*'J{f0], ~~~~*'Jl!t~.. .

(21) lEi'lt±ill~fIJ. ]. r~~J ~ r@j~IJ ji.pl~fflIJa"Ji@:~Ji (~~*Xp. 4). -::f"i~~m. ' 1:JliB. Q. ~~: +:ltM. 203. 1Z§~~~lEAfflIJif.';]. 'WGfTJh~ffiIJ-~ (tD~fflIJJ!t~~JH~a"J) ~~~*. ~(A.~.~liJha"J)@j.~Wa"JH~·&~~~.-mftJh~~~. ~$~~~~~.M~a"Jm~~~~®*~a"J°m~~~~am., fu~m~·~~.rmA.~.m@(~~a"J]~~~ftJh~.m~. lIa"JF>t,m • ~~ftm. 0. 25) tttJl,t~~~. J (p.. zOfiiJf~f~f~A~~~fE:fTJh. 0. • ftRy!iloH!l!rnumfftm*"x1l. ffl.~fI"i~lJJJt. • North f)J~~x1l. OM~~. ~A~if.';])a"Jffi~~.n.~~~.~a"J'~·. •• n.~~~~«~~~~~*#~~«~~~·~~~~ ~~~A~~~.~~~*ta~~;~~.A.~~~*. "f,. •• ~~ffA~. f. ft'~~.'~.*~~«5~~'.~*R 1$)-t~a;fiA~,f;\t. ~~£. Q. (North 1990:22). • Aa"J}!l!'I'1.~miff!xfla"J~~fflIJ ; ~f~aEl c.&~i1J t)}k:fE:. ftt!.WG~!B~=a~~:llt-~~fIJ~WG*~f$. (xil). fIJ~a"J~.' t)Jk~*~. WflJftlffiJ!t m-~mi*a"JFI:l'm~~OfiiJ}!l!~lfBflxfl ' WG~~lEAifjlj*"J • ~ 0. E1~:rJ{. • .ill'Ii1}!l!~~tHE~lJfiiJ~.x~Ed~IZ§*I!HJi • ffij&~~.fIH~aa"J. ~U~~~'N~hWRn.~~tt,g~~I~~tt£~m·®~~ tt~~xilWG!fm~flj~f'F~@j~. ; ftR~fjS~aWn~F>t'm. 0. ~~'fi~~m~~~~lfmA.m.ftt!.a"J~~~~*~~·®g ~::fm.tH.c.~Aa"Jft~·.~~~M~·.~§~~~~ma"Jm ~. 0. ~ffij. ,. !iJi~Northf§&:a"J. '. fifr'ElFI:l,~=ai1J~:J.fE rx1lJEtJ.fflIJif.';]I~. ~ttJm-.~*~~,ffijmAMxMrnur~Jwr.J£~m?9.fi. 9!(D~Bourdieu. '~IFiJ}:JJE!. rrPlJ'. r~J. ilf.Jx1tJltiW r.@:t!£J. -1~rPlC'.

(22) ~~um·mrr~n.ili.~~rfi.J(~ft~~~·~~~&~. •. •• ~~Mm~)~fi~~~~~~~~~~.~m.'*.~2~~ riiffiniJ lJ!I9'M~ , ~~jf)(Jff*~tE~~.ft~;m~m:I::~1~2!x*ll ' !Ii'1~fifl, Wft~~~.o~-~.~m~,w~~~-~~~~NH~T~~o. 2~.~~~.m~~~~~'ID.~mW~~.~fi.&~~rr~~ *~~a"J::x:1~H~mi5-a"J~f~. 0. ffijflH~M::x:. ' ft~±W.~a"Jx:'I'f'f~wtW. rm.$J~~·~r*~J~~.~r.~J~~~~,ffij~~-m. ~~~W~~ffmN&~~~o·~*~~W.~.~.~~Mft~~. .'~fi.~~rr~~~Jffmm~~ffi~·~ffii5-~~·~m.~&~ *~~'~~~W~~~~~~~~~~.g-ft~~fflg-*~&. ~gHi*M.a"J¥j(.. 0. ftm~-~@~'M::X:Mm'~~.~fi.A~~~~.~ilir* 1i~U ~~a"J~1ffiITW11. ' tl~~. r~J'. r¥~J a"J::x:1~J;;t1gjt~ff~~. r*1*J. ~~~~$.W~ff~-0~M~£mo~-~~~~.W~~.~.. ~~.~~m'~~~~~~±W.~~@fio~~,*~~nMm~ r*~~%f:t~*ij~J a"J~~flli%f (~B~ID~jf!X:~O. a"J. r1T~~r:fllJ. '. W rf§"ffJ. code) a"J*j1jt$flli%fgjt~fi@ltrJa"J.~~~~. (NorthPff~1'l' 0. ~~~ft!!. ~ili~~.Mmrm.$J~~·~r.~J~~~~~'.~~0ft Ma"J±~~5t. '. ~* EI*~'iiflli%f. ~~~ttHDI3!W. r*1*J. . ~* EI ,§t5t~1~j , 2fr~@fia"J.~~. mmf*~WJjll. 0. ~~~~.~.~.~.M.WM~~~~~~m~~~i5-~o. ~D. ' fm~¥IJ.~l2.9fif§"ff~±.~ffl.i5-JfJiMA;flli%fa"J2!x*ll*$~ , pfftJ.. @fi~mM~ffijM~,m~~~mlT~-~~~~ilir*~J~,ffijH.

(23) s:i!tti~~fIJ. IErtj;JHIIJr:pakJ!jo/J~fljf,f£~H~IEj;:tmIWJr:pa9fEHf~~. ~=+:tLWl. 205. , ~filH§i1J~!Ra")li. MttoM.~, ~. • • ~.~a~MW.~~~WU~®@W.~~~ , i*JtLilfz~Ffi~.1fEI !tfIJ~a92!l:mlj-'f~)t , ®E.~iff:i~fj.JL:R®~3 '. m~m-U~M~~mlli~~rt~rm.~J-!jo/J~0~M@.~i1Jft. .~~OO;®~~.~W~'~:RM~~W~f,f£~WmM~!jo/J~~f,f£li mfJj~~o. ~*fi*~~niff:i.~m.~~m.. ~~~m.,m~ft~~R. J~,fi~fffilJ2!l:~III-North~f.akJti!!n? ~.~~~I!!~~ r~Y9.fi J. 0. ~~.ft~R~m.~r:p~~n~.~~~'M~~~~~~.~.~ tt'fu.~~~~~ • • a~M~lliR~.~.Z~~~~IErt~~~. ••. '®~~~WIErt~~rr~~UmMM(~~~ • • )r:p~.WD. ~~~. ,. ftfr'rrlM.Wank~~WR~. ~Jl~~mm1*MakJ~ I~. ,. EH.¥IJmIJ~"~~i~fl1fakJ~.£,. ; ®L~m.fum • • ~~fim~f*M~ J;J~.!:f::~~. .'~.-~~~-fiH~M~~m~IErt~~W~IErt~~ZOO~li M'~li~~Wm'.®~.~ • • ~R~ • • Dm~,ft~.~§M. M• • rrR~~~7111-r:pr~~J~nMwr~.~RJnMr:p~. !t~.(.Wft~-fiH~M)ZOO~H~o~~~*.~~IErt~~. W~~IErtmllm9rr!fj~tm~~~Jl!tx:. (f!nfi~*fi' AW~II*fi' AaJ:1~~~Jl !t~.). *i5Rr:pakJf§liWm ' ftfrr&~E*~EIfttl~tt=jiJlftfr'RJ~,akJ~ fl!¥f~~lWtJ! ()( 1tJEJ;Jmlj~I~~'I'1 '~Aa/'Jm~f*Mfit~lli r*1i~U ~) ~~1i~~[Q]a~1-¥:ll llJat~£)(ftmlj~I¥'1f~l~t}]A ' ~fJtfrHi.¥IJ 0. rm.$Jrt~u~M,~~~.~.ttmM~!jo/J.~f,f£~.n:RM~ ~WfIJf,f£. , ~.ftfr'Ilffr:pE1.&~7m-fml1~~ , "®fflHPlNorth rAakJ. ~llim~)(fU~i#IJJ ~~¥~. m.~*~~.M'. ~. 0. 10. •• ~m~~ft~m.m~mfi~~~ ••m~7m-mmD.

(24) M~,~*ft~a~~~~~~w#~~~~~wm~~~~M •. *.~~~~:m. ,a. WhitingW(; Oi lim North~~mrm1i5l:~~F~A*IJ*11JOOI31utf3"C '. ~AI~. • ~ • • ·~~.mtt.~OO~M.'. ~~~7~-~mmttDm='~*~~~fi~~fi.W • • ~.~~ ~jI~utf3"C. • ~IJf±.¥tffJJ~m tj,gt~-~~ffii '. Ri!H~~7t7t;fff~~*IJ. ~w~F~~*IJ*1~f5J1:E~~*5m;z:f~~m1~~I3"J~.&*IH'*fttT ' ~1:~~ m~ftn5m1J~e"J:f~~t¥. D1:Eilf'F'{r:7~-. r*lj~J. W. r~~*5mJ. ~-$7t;z.,a~9.m~• • N~h~m~·~~1JMM~*~~ ~.3"CD:f~'.~.~M~'~.~ • • /~~N • • ¥~~+7t. ~. ,. llafr'~flMmJ~'~. , .R~~lr:iJtJ~.fl~~/J\lb-tiJ D. it£ North 7t;fff*IJ~~jI~~m ' ¥Ijifiill Oi ' Whiting. ~~f147t. m•• ~.~a~~~,a~ • •a~¥~utf3"C~ • • ~~• • •m* ~ ra~.m¥J ~~. (approach) , ffJ~tt.Ri!H~J1!I1~~~1r:iJ DB~ , a. frHi1mmEl3fjj~~~*Ij~W~F~~*IJ*lWH;.~. , :Jt~~'8fr'~ r•• J. ~~m~9,~~~~ra~ • • ¥J£*~:f~r.~~.±W~1J. m~1±A~j¥l¥J~j~. , ~I~if A (m~li: '. Yang 1994 : 178). ff:! r3(':W!*amJ. m~. ••a~-0~=:~.M0~ • • ·m~ •• ·~ffi~ • • ·~.Mm~ •• ~~AM·.Mr~~~mJ •• • '~~~~M••• l¥J.ftArU~J~*l¥JR~a~om-.l¥J5.~.ZT r~~~.aml¥J~~J,~.ftff:!*~m~ml¥J. fJ;.(ifrlT1m~ r)(fUEJ;)iliIJ*~XAm'l:tJ l¥Jffl~Ulrt ;&~OfiiJ~Northf.t~i5 11. '. QIJ£'~Ji~f'i¥$IHtl!.)(t:p3(':1'i¥7. ~~-1.v:m::g.mAl¥JmM. 0. 0. 0. ~$m~!~.r:$: •• ~fftrm)(*.

(25) m-+.flJifl. .ilJt±*~fIJ. 207. .$li.g~~*.Jfi • • • ~~~.~o jf~m¥:ff tJt6~H;t3 ~JJ[~ , ~ irt:t 5~IE ~ U WI' ¥:ff QJ .Ir~ Ill~ Jlf! tHIJ. M: '. -~pff~Z~. *tt '. 0. m~l:£Wank~l!f!JJlF~j£~±~.gBlif:£*ji!]~f.J*.m~. UWl'~:fft£~j£~ffJ.E. '. 7J:¥;i'tr:paf.J~FIEj:\itIJ*\]jjlID. '. Jt~m=. +. $M• • a~T~Afi~*fig~~~m.m~.ffi.j£.~,.~m ft~~mw~~~~r~m.~~Jffim~.o ~. ~,~ft*~~&. : .¥IJJfi;UWI'¥:ff~ffJ.Er:p~.£iQj£~Af.J rflj£J (niche) t£lI}jI\fj? L~E!f.J!Il-*~. ~.Ir~ r~1titljrI:illHiJ. , ~fr'~!Ilc~.North~-i~£:;~q~~~ , t!1JJit. 1-tf9. nJI!'tiitIJ*\]~1U. ; ~f~~~. r~A~gf~*~. Ammr*~J~.J,~~m.*~~~WI'Wfi~.B~~.~~~ IJIj]f~~Af.J!~~. • ~1~.~j£~~lrf1-ftftjf~~r:p • ':;HijIfiUM.jj~af.J~f~. QJftWm~~.o~~m~E!f.J~~ • • n~~~~ttW'~~~$~~ nJI!'l1itIJr'1~ftJ E!f.Ji~.U~. ,. /z;jfi~fr'~m~1ffir:p. ,. ~WJ~tE~ftitIJ*\]T~. B~~W,=~mWfiff.:ffQJ~.~~~WJ~~o.~~~,~~* ~Ag~~®~~l!f!IE~~N~~IE~~rI~~IJIj]~~M • •E!f.J • • ~lr' §. Rfti~.¥IJ (~~~!Il-) tf*B1~8AJm~IEj:~itIJJtAf.J.j£f1-ft 1t~. .,®w~r~J'. .).. '. r{~~gBJ ~. rgJID~~~IE~~~,~~r*~J~(. •. r~nfU ~Af.J~mf**ji!]M 't!1i!~NorthPffL:. r¥Jl. .~~.M.J'QJft~.~~~.jI.M.jj~~~~a~R~~~ !Il-Zli*jj~r:p~~~®2;m~m.~.m'WB.mmT-~. r~e~j£~&~:f:£r:p~J.~~J.E~~.~l!f!.~.o. rfftJ '. ~fr,~:gfi§. *~~ffJtAf.JfIJ£. '. r*ffit1jN.J. l!f!.~f.ijf. i!~Wtt~ r~¥IEj:\itlj*\]J'. '. f:£~Ue~. r¥~.~.J' ~. r j£~. .~J=:ffe.~~m,®~~.~r~~N.J~.·±.~J.EIE~ ~Jt~j£~ • • ~~m¥:ff~~~liM®~ft~.E!f.J~~oR~~~*. .........

(26) nof:,lf. 208. * ' l i• • ~.~m mIJJJt~f~nW~lI!. ••m-~~~~m~·~.~-M*.~••~. 0. f'F:ffMfr 1f~~. tf. 0. , JJ[{fi&m*.~~~m{*${Aiff~j§l ,. ~aA*.jffi~$JL\~{f~. liff~OO~Hg;t£)({U± • • (~~ff5flliW~'gIfll). ~ W'El ftij). 0. ;fIT ' 1895-1945) (. (. ~i1i ~ tiE 'El it! a"J ~'g Ifll t~. :. *:. emf ' 2001 if:6Ji). (*Ii¥~. $Ij!j\~;t ~ f0( $. 7t.

(27) ~. 1lft=+JtWl 209. ~~1±lt~fIJ. ~~It§ Coleman, James S.~ ,. fffl15&". 1992' <t±1t:f!l!illfljl¥J£~). t=l~t:. Ii. 1¥Je ' *n~~". Fukuyama, Francis. 1998' (iiJiX{~). ~*!i. 0. t=l~t. : :.V:~)(1t:. 0. ' @mEB ' 1994' <i*1¥Jf~A> Jf24-67 ' ~9:~fj):JaJ~~ , ffiU.' ($• • • •~g.m~)D.m:4~*~lli~lio 0. *~7rlJ' ~i'-~*' 1994' Olfii1'IH~A>' Jf94-129 ' ~9:~fj):JaJ~~'. 5:&. ffiU.' ($• • • • • g.m~)o.m:4~*~lli~lio ".'2000' <~ • • • ~.g.M~m~>o. UtJR). 5:5-7. e. 1996' (~**, )(1U}iUi~Ali1t*~¥fHT~15A). fJ:iJJi:lff'. *~rfflli~lH±. t±. llXBi '. '. ,r~!~d¥f5!€. Wm : 4~*~lli~li ' 1994' ( • • ~.g~illflj) ~tJR : $.M8rlli~ 0. 0. 0. ~t/Ii)!iJ. '. ,. 2000' <~rtJ:l:~::JtHjz~: ¥~t/J\.:tlli15~**l¥J1'lIj;iI!1iili'. (rr:l'Jl!1l~1ijf~) 40(3):83-108. 0. 2001 '. ' '. 1992'. 0. <$.*~i.ftR;f£fliliJJJ.t~:ilt'I"J:tlli15i1iljJ.t£~ : r;]1¥J. ~i*1¥Jt'I"J:tlli&ijfJD. .~Jm. :i:1* : wi!§. 0. it: > It*~*. 0. 0. ~jfl£, 1992' ($.t±1t~)(1t:) m~.. ($ • • • ~.1t~). (t=l.t±1t~) 2:219-262. 0. 0. (1T1TiHT1T: • • g~illfljill) , mJII. : .!!A~lli~&. lie .~Jm. 1994' <. >. 0. 283-301' ~9:~fj):JaJ~~'. ($• • • •~w~m~)owm:4~*~lli~lio. 5Kffi;f:if\. '.

(28) mtt·. 1994' <~i~Di. :. 465 • ~2:~m:Ji!,&~~Ii' ($*~~tfj/t[;it±. >. J+q~I.£j:il:*!'t'1~i7Ji;ij!:,&f~ t±:WUJ''1?. (tL+4'-1i;$Jllf1.iJ:il:*ruElii:). 0. 0. Jt436. W~. : !:f:. 0. Bourdieu, Pierre, 1997, Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Cao, Yang and Victor Nee, 2000, "Comment: Controversies and Evidence in the Market Transition Debate." American Journal of Sociology 105(4): 1175-1195. Etzioni, Amitai, 1975, A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations: On Power, Involvement, and Their Correlates. Revised and enlarged.. NY: Free Press. Etzioni, 1996, The New Golden Rule: Community and Morality in a Democratic Society. NY: Basic Books.. Lin, Nan, 200 I a, "Building a Network Theory of Social Capital." Pp.3-29 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin et al. New. York: Aldine De Gruyter. Lin, Nan, 2001 b, "Social Capital: Social Networks, Civic Engagement, or Trust?" Unpublished manuscript. Nee, Victor and Paul Ingram, 1998, "Embeddedness and Beyond: Institutions, Exchange, and Social Structure." Pp.19-45 in The New Institutionalism in Sociology, edited by Mary C, Brinton and Victor. Nee. NY: Russell Sage Foundation. North, Douglass C., 1990, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.. Oi, Jean C., 1999, Rural China Takes Off: Institutional Foundations of.

(29) ltiiltt\W*flj. ~= +1LWl. 211. Economic Reform. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.. Parish, William L. and Fang Li, 2000, "Local Government and Private Business in China." Unpublished manuscript. Polanyi, Karl, 1957, "The Economy as Instituted Process." Pp. 243-270 in Trade and Market in the Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, edited by Karl Polanyi et al. Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery. Company. Putnam, Robert D., 1993, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.. Pye, Lucian. w.,. 2001, "Civility, Social Capital, and Civil Cociety: Three. Powerful Concepts for Explaining Asia" Pp. 375-394 in Patterns of Social Capital: Stability and Change in Historical Perspective, edited by. Robert I. Rotberg. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wank, David L., 1999, Commodifying Communism: Business, Trust, and Politics in a Chinese City. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.. Whiting, Susan, 2001, Power and Wealth in Rural China: The Political. Economy ofInstitutional Change. NY: Cambridge University Press.. Wu, Jieh-min, 2001, "State Policy and Guanxi Network Adaptation in China:. A Case Study of Local Bureaucratic Rent-Seeking." Pp. 107-134 in China Rising: Implications of Economic and Military Growth in the PRC, edited by Jaushieh Joseph Wu. Taipei: Institute of International. Relations, National Chengchi University. Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui, 1994, Gifts, Favors, and Banquets: The Art ofSocial Relationships in China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press..

(30) 212. 1J#~. New Institutionalism and Guanxi in the Explanation of the Chinese. Rural Enterprises: The Niche of Sociology. Shiaw-Chian Fong Research fellow, the Institute ofInternational Relations, National Chengchi University. Abstract. Two advancements have been made in the recent literature of political science on the changing nature of Chinese rural enterprises. One is the changing control style of local cadres in dealing with their collective firms. The other is the specification of the causal relationship between forms of the property rights and the privatization of the collective assets. However, political scientists typically ignore the role of the entrepreneurs, or private business owners in changing the contour of the rural establishment. To make up the deficiency, Taiwanese and Chinese sociologists' theory of guanxi (relation), particularly the Confucianism-inspired notions of tong (sameness) and bao(reciprocity) can come to help. We therefore propose a refined combination of guanxi with the hallmark of new institutionalism-the effects of lock-in and feedback, to facilitate the analysis of the networks between local cadres and entrepreneurs in changing Chinese rural economy.. Key Words: bao (reciprocity), guanxi (relation), new institutionalism, network, tong (sameness).

(31)