運用主題地圖於資源示意圖之研究

(1)

⳥ᮢʙ㆛߸ߧᅠ⫏᜺ḻาߧʠᶇἄ

The Study of Using Topic Map in Pathfinder

ഘʹⰍ

ʑⓧञણߧሬ㈀㈀ڂ

Yu-Xuan Peng

Librarian, Chung Hua University

E-mail: moon@chu.edu.tw

ዖᲉ˒

˅ⳇञણߧሬ㈀ᇷ⫏⤻ᾷ᫧ᶇἄ໽ᄞ࿙

Hao-Ren Ke

Professor, Library and Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University Library

E-mail: claven@lib.nctu.edu.tw

〦⼫⥱ņKeywordsŇŘʙ㆛߸ߧņTopic MapsŇř⫏᜺ḻาߧņPathfindersŇřXTMř⫏᜺྆೧

ņResource GuidesŇ

ȹၪ⣬Ⱥ

ߧሬ㈀⫏᜺ḻาߧņpathfindersŇဏͧⴆ

હʙ㆛ʠ㈀♀⫏᜺᱿˛₺ُ྆೧Ŋᆯɺㅮߧ

ሬ㈀ʙՒဏͧᵧ⨯⃛⩊≛᱿ሺՖȯ᮫ᅠ₣቏

ُℐㅪᦹ⫏᜺ḻาߧ᱿ሺՖ˜ሷഩᄊۧŊʈ

ʙ㆛߸ߧņtopic mapsŇʕⳐʙ㆛ņtopicsŇȮ

〦⊓ņassociationŇ

Ȯ⫏᜺྆೧ņoccurrencesŇ

᱿᧚ඖŊר⦦ᆯ᳈ᯍὪ׶⫏᜺྆೧డңʠ⥑

⤺Ŋߌᔍ቏ᶇἄʜ˫ʑⓧञણߧሬ㈀ᣅᶇἄଃ

⩽Ŋ⳥ᮢʙ㆛߸ߧ೘⇦⥿㈀᱿⫏᜺ḻาߧȯ

቏ᶇἄ㈪҅ⲿ⳧ᄽ᪇࿯⤽˫ʴ⤟ߡҙकߧ

ሬ㈀⫏᜺ḻาߧʠጁೣҙૌȮ᧚⏨⎞᳈〦ᶇ

ἄŊ˫דʙ㆛߸ߧ᱿ᔕ׫ᱹଭȮడңȮ͐ᮢ

ᨊᗼُ߱ߧሬ㈀ㅽࡍ᱿⳥ᮢ෼ᗼȯҢᓝŊ᮫

ᅠᶇἄʠӮŊʑⓧञણߧሬ㈀ʏᤀ᫠ໞʠℐ

ㅪᦹ⫏᜺ḻาߧŊᆯ˫Ⳗ⠗₇໽⫏᜺ʠӠㆩ

ד╒ゝȮℐ⭰Ⳑ⃌ʠው༪ᾀడ̳Ŋ˫೘⇦ℐ

ㅪᦹ⫏᜺ḻาߧȯᶇἄ᱿⸅㔄ԅᆯ૽ʙ㆛߸

ߧ⳥ᮢᅠ⫏᜺ḻาߧʠ૪̳Ŋહ∑Ңʙ㆛Ȯ

〦⊓Ȯ⫏᜺྆೧ᾀɿҀ₪᱿ࠣ๗ņtypesŇד

ҙૌŊờʠᣅʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧ȯ߱డң᱿

ⴆႹᅞㄇŊԅ͐ᮢ҉⫄᱿ʙ㆛߸ߧະᮢỄೣ

ℶⱓݽǖǖTM4Lȯʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧ңሷဏ

ͧʙ㆛〦⊓᱿ӠㆩᅞೣȮᐉบңԡาȮ˛ㄇ

ᆞ͐ᮢŊ˫ד࣑Խ᳈〦㈀♀⫏᜺၃ଁ᱿͵Ӵ

ඖᾀѭ㔄ȯߧሬ㈀ቍ͗ԅൕㅱ≙⸇ᔍⵒӠʠ

ːԻⶪ⇦Ŋ૽ℋ⩂ʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧⣶ᣅɺ

⿢ቅඖʠడ̳Ŋᅞ⋱૽ʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧ʠ

Լᮢᱹဧ⎏ᚲយᲵ⎐ȯ

μ

Abstract

ν

By providing introduction and direction for

chosen topics, pathfinders can actively help

users. Due to the drawback of paper-based

and HTML-based pathfinders, this research

(2)

aims at designing a new style of pathfinders

by means of Topic Maps, one advantage of

which lies in integrating the characteristics of

topics, associations and occurrences. In this

research, we study the HTML-based

pathfinder of Chung Hua University Library

and create a new type of pathfinders by using

Topic Maps.

In order to research into the formats,

contents, and features of pathfinders in

domestic and overseas libraries, this study

started with literature review. Furthermore,

this study also discussed the evolution, tools,

as well as the utilization of Topic Maps in

libraries. However, due to the lack of a

HTML-based Pathfinder in the Chung Hua

University Library, in the initial stage of this

research, a HTML-based pathfinder for the

Chung Hua University Library was created.

The related tasks for creating this

HTML-based pathfinder include, collecting,

classifying, and providing correct Internet

access to departmental resources. Then, in

order to apply the Topic Map to the

Pathfinder, this study defined the types and

contents about topics, associations, and

occurrences. TM4L, a free tool for Topic

Maps, was used to create the Topic Map

Pathfinder. A Topic Map Pathfinder has

many advantages, such as topic assortment,

creative conception, easier interface and

more facilities to find related collection. In the

future, library managers have to allocate

adequate human and to maintain Topic Maps

Pathfinders persistently, so the effect of the

system can be more significant.

Ԋ⤵

ᓎ຀ऌ׭ޠໍؐᇅᆪርᆪၰޠึႁȂ΢᜹ϑѠȶؿ ϘϛяߟȂ߰ޤЉίٲȷȇშਫᓣၦྜϟւңҼ࢑Ԅ ԫȂٻң޲ഇႇშਫᓣᆪયȂ߰૗ூޤშਫᓣϟ໡ ܺਣ໣ȃһ೾ၦଊȃᇕᙡၦྜ๊ȂѠᇴ࢑Ϋϸ߰ւȇ ЏڐӶᓣᙡၦྜޠւңР८Ȃ؂Ѡഇႇშਫᓣᆪય ࢦၛਫҭޒݸȃᓣᙡ՞ဋІআᎨ౫ݸ๊ȄՅӶᆪၰ ၦྜР८ȂҦܼڐτ໕ȃԚߞץഁȃӼϰϾ๊੬ܓȂ ϛկ࣐შਫᓣණٽΠུޠ݉ଡ଼ᐡཽȂηழٿུޠࢆ ᏾Ȅ኶՞ϾၦྜࡿЖᓎ຀შਫᓣᗛӪ኶՞Ͼ؂ᡘ२ ्ȂՅණٽΚঐԂޠጤαࡿЖϏڏᄈٻң޲ٿᇴҼ ࢑Ϋϸय़ϹޠȄၦྜұཏშଷΠ૗ӶᏱಭР८ԥਞ ౦ӵᔔֆτ஠ଲਯშਫᓣޠٻң޲Ȃٯйη࢑ึ৥ ϜϟϵӔშਫᓣٻң޲෿గޠᏱಭ๋౲Ȅ(Wang & Hubbard, 2004) ᙐ൑ӵᇴȂშਫᓣၦྜұཏშȞpathfindersȟණ ٽᒶۢлᚡϟᓣᙡၦྜޠϮಞڸࡿЖȂӼпિҐܗ ᆪॳםԓ֖౫ȂစҦཋ໲ᐍ౪ࡤȂණٽ๞ٻң޲୥ ՄւңȄҭࠊ୾ϲშਫᓣᄈܼᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშޠ ೪ॏРԓл्࢑ٸྲقܛ஡ᓣᙡၦྜϡпϸ᜹Ȃ ӶϲৡР८ණٽΠᓣᙡၦྜІᆪၰၦྜϟചӗȂ ӶםԓР८ࠍпᆪॳᘳ៕Рԓ֖౫ȄӶϜ՚Нშ ਫޠ֖౫αȂӱ࣐ၦਠᛂτȂࢉӼѬණٽࣻᜱޠ Ϝ՚Нშਫ᜹ဵጓ൝І᜹ဵӫᆏȂп᜹ဵጓ൝ܗ ᜹ဵӫᆏᔯસშਫᓣᓣᙡࢦၛقಜȞWebOPACȟȂ ࣲԥѠ૗ആԚࢦၛ๗ݏႇӼܗႇЎϟ௒םȄႇӼ ᄈٻң޲ٿᇴϛܿᑣᒶܛሰၦྜȇႇЎᄈٻң޲ٿ ᇴࠍܿആԚࣻ຾ࣦሊޠࢦӓ౦ȞrecallȟІྦጃ౦ ȞprecisionȟȄԫѵȂᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშ࢑пၦྜ᜹ ࠯ޠРԓ௷ӗȂसᡘұܛԥϜ՚НᓣᙡၦਠȂӶၦ ਠ໕ϛӼޠ௒ݸίȂѠሇᚭᘳ៕ࢦၛȇկӶၦਠ໕ ᛂτޠ௒ݸίȂࠍܿആԚٻң޲ޠ॓ᐋȂٻң޲҇ ໹ഃΚᘳ៕ܛԥၦਠࡤȂϘ૗׳ژՍϐདྷ्ޠၦ ྜࡿЖȄѫΚР८Ȃ࿌ٻң޲Ӷࢦ׳ၦਠਣȂसϑ ԥΚঐ੬ۢлᚡȂ߰וగ૗ഇႇлᚡޠጤસٿࢦ׳ ࣻᜱၦਠȇܛпଷΠقܛȃၦྜ᜹࠯Ѡձ࣐ᆪॳޏ ၦྜұཏშޠϸ᜹ٸᐄϟѵȂშਫᓣڿԥޠშਫϸ ᜹ݳη࢑შਫܓၦਠϸ᜹ޠഷٺϏڏȄஆܼαख़ං ໷঩ӱȂःف޲ึ౫ᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშޠ݉ଡ଼Ϭԥ ࡠ׾๢Ȃйлᚡӵშ՜ᖓлᚡȃᜱᖓІၦྜࡿЖޠ ੬ܓȂѠᇴ࢑ࣻ࿌ಓӬၦྜࡿЖϏڏϟ೪ॏȂࢉҐ ःف෉గᙥҦлᚡӵშ഻ആᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშϟ ུ࠯ԓȄ

(3)

Ґःفᒶңτ஠ଲਯშਫᓣձ࣐ःفጓҐȂп Ϝ๽τᏱშਫᓣϟᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშ࣐پȄτ஠ ଲਯშਫᓣޠᓣᙡึ৥࢈๋л्࢑пପӬՃ৲ఁ ᏱःفܛሰȂпІණٽᏱҢᏱಭ࣐ҭޠȂࢉτ஠ଲ ਯშਫᓣϲޠᓣᙡၦྜȂڐᙩᗋٿྜӼ࣐قܛ௱ ᙩȄՅٻң޲ᄈܼშਫᓣϲᙵ൳ޠၦྜȂࣦܗᆪር ᆪၰαޠᛂτၦଊȂΚ໡ۗӼϛூڐߟȂϛޤၿԄ եϘ૗઎ҔᕖڦܛሰޠၦଊȇԥᠧܼԫȂშਫᓣଷ Πᗋໍقܛ௱ᙩϟө໷ၦྜѵȂ؂ᔗ೪ݳ௱ኅᓣᙡ ၦྜϟւңІණٽᆪርᆪၰၦྜϟࡿЖȂগٻᓣᙡ Іᆪၰၦྜ૗щϸึදڐւңቌঅȄҦܼःفϟ ߒȂϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣۧณ౫Ԛϟᆪॳޏၦྜұཏ შѠٽၽңȂࢉҐःفॷӒ࡛ဋΚᆪॳޏϟၦྜ ұཏშȄԫѵȂҐःف຀२௥ଇᓣᙡၦྜлᚡϟᜱ ᖓ֖౫Ȃԫ೏пϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣϜ՚Нშਫϟϸ᜹ Рԓ࣐४ښȂ֊пϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳᇅज୾୾ཽშ ਫϸ᜹ݳϟ᜹րձ࣐лᚡȂՅөϸ᜹ݳ᜹րлᚡ ϟᆪၰഀ๗ࠍഀՎϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣޠᓣᙡࢦၛ๗ ݏॳ८Ȅ ҐНॷӒϮಞშਫᓣၦྜұཏშϟۢဏȃܓ፵ȃ ҭޠІڐࣻᜱःفȇ௦຀ᇴ݃лᚡӵშޠᐤѭึ ৥ȃ྆܉๊ȇӕٿᄃር࡛ဋშਫᓣၦྜұཏშȂໍ ՘قܛၦྜϟϸ᜹Іᇕ໲ȃᆪၰഀ๗ϟࢦ׳๊Ϗ ձȇഷࡤࠍໍ՘ၽңлᚡӵშܼၦྜұཏშϟᄃ ձȂ஡ၦྜ᜹࠯ȃၦྜлᚡȃقܛࣲ๊ຝ࣐лᚡӵ შޠлᚡȞtopicsȟȂٯ࡛ҴڐᜱᖓȞassociationsȟȃ ׈ԚлᚡޠၦྜࡿЖȞoccurrencesȟȄഷࡤණя ๗፤Ȅ

⫏᜺ḻาߧ

пίϮಞშਫᓣၦྜұཏშϟۢဏȃܓ፵ȃҭޠ ІڐࣻᜱःفȄ

હ∑Ȯඖ⫨דᲿ᱿

1983 Ԓ ज ୾ შ ਫ ᓣ Ᏹ ཽ Ȟ American Library AssociationȟܛяޏϟშਫᓣᇅၦଊऌᏱມڑȞALA Glossary of Library and Information Scienceȟпȶၦ ྜұཏშȷُȞSeeȟȶлᚡࡿЖȷϟРԓȂ໣௦ᄈ ၦྜұཏშίΠۢဏȈȶӶཫ൷๋౲Ϝԋ௷ޠਫҭࡿ ЖȂձ࣐өᆎϛӤ᜹࠯ޠშਫᓣၦྜӶ੬ۢлᚡα ޠཫ൷ȄȷՅ೼ঐۢဏᄈܼࡤ៊ޠःف࢑Κঐߩள ԥңޠяึᘉȂDunsmoreȞ2002ȟӶуޠःفϜࡿ я࣐ΠϮಞϛዤோޠлᚡ๞ःف΢সٯߵٻуউٻ ң೼ٳၦਠȂၦྜұཏშ௷ӗΠၦྜޠཫ൷๋౲໸ זȇၦྜұཏშη࢑ΚᆎਫҭࡿЖȂӗяӉեੀԓ ޠᒶᐆၦྜȃණٽӵᘉၦଊȞپԄસਫဵڸშਫᓣ ՞ ဋ ȟȂ ٯ й ࣐ ٻ ң ޲ ພ ၍ п ୣ ր ೼ ٳ ၦ ྜ Ȅ DunsmoreȞ2002ȟٯࡿяၦྜұཏშޠҭޠȂܗ഻ ആйٻңၦྜұཏშޠ౪ҦԥȈഀ๗ژӉեੀԓޠ ᓻ፵ၦྜȃ࿾ࣹߒ෉ःف΢সޠਣ໣ȃණٽ୥Մᘤ ᘩޠ෈хࠣȂпІࡿᏳშਫᓣޠᏱҢȃᙜসڸٻң ޲ၦྜւңᇅཫ൷๋౲Ȅ ೩ӼᏱ޲஠ঢ়ηᄈშਫᓣၦྜұཏშޠۢဏІܓ ፵୉ΠΚٳᇴ݃Ȃُߓ 1ȂپԄȈၦྜұཏშ࢑ࡿ ڏԥлᚡ੬ܓޠၦྜࡿЖȂѠп࢑Κঐଭᄈ੬ۢл ᚡ Ϯ ಞ ө ᆎ ϛ Ӥ ᜹ ࠯ ٿ ྜ ڸ ၦ ਠ ᜹ ࠯ ޠ ᔯ સ ߓ ȞHarbeson, 1972ȟȇึ৥ၦྜұཏშޠл्ҭޠӶ ܼᔔֆٻң޲׳ژ੬ۢлᚡޠяޏၦଊȂпІڸл ᚡࣻᜱޠዀᚡȃᆪયȃࣻᜱޠસЖȃਰЗ෉ёӫᆏ ڸᆪયၦྜ๊ȇйණٽΠٻң޲्҇ޠၦਠڸ׭೛ ϏڏпࡿᏳڸߵໍᎨ᠟ȂпІණٽၦਠڸ׭೛݉ଡ଼ ȞWang & Hubbard, 2004ȟȇՅҦܼଭᄈлᚡ഻ആᆪ ၰഀ๗ȂٻூၦྜұཏშηԚ࣐؂ԥΩڸ؂ڏϤ୞ ܓޠϏڏȄȞO’Sullivan & Scott, 2000ȟ

ѫѵȂᗚԥΚٳᏱ޲஠ঢ়ࡿяȈၦྜұཏშϛᔗ ၏Ѭ࢑єᛴ࿳ຬޠлᚡ୥ՄȂՅ࢑Ѡຝ࣐ᄈშਫᓣ ၦྜޠΚᆎӵშ݉ଡ଼ȞStevens, Canfield, & Gardner, 1973 ȟȇ ܗ ࢑ Ѡ п ࿌ Ԛ Κ ᆎ ఁ Ᏹ Ϗ ڏ Ȟ Warner, 1983ȟȇҦܼѻ྆౲ӵᇴ݃ஆҐޠཫ൷โזȂܛпၦ ྜ ұ ཏ შ η Ѡ п ᎍ ࿌ ӵ ᇅ შ ਫ ᓣ ࡿ Ᏻ ࣁ ୞ Ӭ ڂ ȞBreivik, 1982ȟȇၦྜұཏშᔗ၏ଷџ஠ߟ೛ᇮй ጃۢშਫᓣٻң޲૗஋Π၍ȞPeterson & Coniglio, 1987ȟȇйၦྜұཏშΚ्ۢ࢑೪ॏًԂȃᡘՅܿ ُȂйܼܿαКٻңޠȞLaverty, 1997ȟȇѻᔗ၏࢑ ၦྜޠϮಞӵშՅϛ࢑ณᒹᅔޠ୥ՄਫҭȂѻޠੀ ԓᔗ၏࢑Κयޠڸᙐ൑ޠȄȞKapoun, 1995ȟӶτ஠ ଲਯშਫᓣР८ȂٿՍ JacksonvilleȞAlabamaȟ State University ޠ Nuttall ڸ McAbeeȞ1997ȟױၦྜұཏ შޠॴੀᇴԚ࢑лᚡࡿᏳȂՅй࡛ឋၦྜұཏშᔗ ၏є֥ጤαϵңҭᓄȄ

(4)

ߓ 1! өᏱ޲஠ঢ়ᄈၦྜұཏშޠۢဏІܓ፵ᇴ݃

Ᏹ޲஠ঢ় ၦྜұཏშܓ፵ᇴ݃ Harbeson, E. L. (1972) Ȇڏԥлᚡ੬ܓޠၦྜࡿЖȄ

ȆଭᄈΚঐ੬ۢлᚡϮಞөᆎϛӤٿྜڸၦਠ᜹࠯ޠᔯસߓȄ Wang, H., & Hubbard, W. J. (2004)

Ȇᔔֆٻң޲׳я੬ۢлᚡޠяޏၦଊȂпІڸлᚡࣻᜱޠዀᚡȃᆪ યȃࣻᜱޠસЖȃਰЗ෉ёӫᆏڸᆪયၦྜ๊Ȅ

Ȇණٽٻң޲्҇ޠၦਠڸ׭೛ϏڏпࡿᏳڸߵໍᎨ᠟Ȃٯණٽၦਠڸ ׭೛݉ଡ଼Ȅ

O’Sullivan, M. K., & Scott, T. J. (2000)

Ȇଭᄈлᚡ഻ആᆪၰഀ๗ȂٻூၦྜұཏშԚ࣐؂ԥΩڸ؂ڏϤ୞ܓޠ ϏڏȄ

ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science (1983) ȆӶཫ൷๋౲Ϝԋ௷ޠਫҭࡿЖȂձ࣐өᆎϛӤ᜹࠯ޠშਫᓣၦྜӶ੬ ۢлᚡαޠཫ൷Ȅ Stevens, C. H. et al. (1973) Ȇϛᔗ၏Ѭ࢑єᛴ࿳ຬޠлᚡ୥ՄȂՅ࢑Ѡຝ࣐ᄈშਫᓣၦྜޠΚᆎӵ შ݉ଡ଼Ȅ Alice, S. W. (1983) ȆѠп࿌ԚΚᆎఁᏱϏڏȄ Breivik, P. (1982) ȆҦܼѻ྆౲ӵᇴ݃ஆҐޠཫ൷โזȂܛпηѠпᎍ࿌ӵᇅშਫᓣࡿᏳ ࣁ୞ӬڂȄ

Peterson, L., & Coniglio, J. W.

(1987) Ȇᔗ၏ଷџ஠ߟ೛ᇮйጃۢშਫᓣٻң޲૗஋Π၍Ȅ Laverty, C. (1997) ȆΚ्ۢ࢑೪ॏًԂȃᡘՅُܿȂйܼܿαКٻңޠȄ

Kapoun, J. M. (1995) Ȇᔗ၏࢑ၦྜޠϮಞӵშՅϛ࢑ณᒹᅔޠ୥ՄਫҭȂуউޠੀԓᔗ၏࢑ Κयޠڸᙐ൑ޠȄ

Nuttall, H. D., & McAbee, S. L.

(1997) Ȇ࢑ΚᆎлᚡࡿᏳȂՅйᔗ၏є֥ጤαϵңҭᓄȄ

⇾ߡȮԽཱྀञ᱿ۄᏈʙ㆛⫏᜺ḻาߧℐἿ

Ӷ DunsmoreȞ2002ȟଭᄈΫܛज୾ІΫܛђ਍τ Ᏹଲშਫᓣޠήঐ୧ཿлᚡޠၦྜұཏშᆪયܛ୉ ޠ።ࢦϜึ౫ȂԥԼϸϟϳΫΡޠၦྜұཏშϮಞ Πڐ഻࡛ޠлԠȞԄȈҭޠȃᢏ܉ڸ঩ࠍȟȄԫѵȂ ᜱܼၦྜұཏშޠӤဏມԥȈлᚡяึᘉȞsubject starting points ȟȃ п л ᚡ ࣐ ஆ ᙄ ޠ ၦ ྜ ࡿ Ж Ȟ subject-based resource guides ȟȃ л ᚡ ޠ ၦ ྜ Ȟresources by subjectȟȃ୥ՄࡿЖȞreference guidesȟȃ စࢆᒶޠშਫᓣڸᆪၰၦྜȞselected library and internet resourceȟȃлᚡȞsubjectȟȃٟഁ໡ۗޠࡿЖ Ȟquickstart guidesȟȃःفࡿЖȞresearch guidesȟȃ Ⴌ φ Ͼ ࡿ Ж Ȟ electronic handouts ȟȃ Ⴌ φ ࡿ Ж Ȟe-guidesȟȃлᚡࡿЖȞsubject guidesȟ๊Ȅ።ࢦϜ ึ౫ԥԼϸϟΟΫޠτᏱᆪયٻңޠၦྜұཏშӤ ဏມϜє֥ΠࡿЖȞguideȟ೼ঐԚӌມཋȂԥԼϸ ϟΝΫє֥ΠлᚡȞsubjectȟ೼ঐԚӌມཋȂԥԼ ϸϟϳΫϥє֥ΠःفȞresearchȟ೼ঐԚӌມཋȄ Յп೼ٳԚϸມཋ๗Ӭޠ᜞ཋϜȂഷ඾ႈޠ࢑ःف ࡿЖȞresearch guidesȟȂխΠԼϸϟѳΫȂпІлᚡ ࡿЖȞsubject guidesȟȂխΠԼϸϟήΫȄءԥӉե ΚঐშਫᓣӶᆪયαٻңၦྜұཏშȞpathfinderȟ ೼ঐມཋȂѬԥΚܛτᏱӶᆪ֮ϜᡘұԫມཋȂ Dunsmore ᇰ࣐ϛٻңၦྜұཏშ೼ঐມཋᄈٻң ޲ٿᇴ࢑ԥཏဏޠȂӱ࣐Κঐԥཏဏޠڸхߓܓޠ ᜞ཋȂᄈܼٻң޲ޠᘳ៕ڸཫ൷Р८࢑࡟२्ޠȄ ѫΚР८ηึ౫ഇႇτᏱᆪયޠഀ๗ԇڦၦྜұཏ შȂ݃ᡘޠණାΠၦྜұཏშޠٻң౦Ȅ

ʑߡȮשᢕ᱿⫏᜺ḻาߧℐἿ

ΚٳϜ୾ޠშਫᓣ஡ᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშᆏ࣐лᚡ Ᏻ૟Ȟnavigation by subjectȟȇఽ๽τᏱშਫᓣ஡ၦ ਠٿྜӫᆏȃࣻᜱޠлᚡዀᚡȃસਫဵጓ൝ȂпІ ࣻᜱޠᆪયӗӶлᚡᏳ૟αȇඉҎτᏱშਫᓣлᚡ Ᏻ૟ޠл्੬ኊࠍ࢑ᇕ໲ࣻᜱޠᆪၰၦྜȃၦਠ

(5)

৳ȃႬφ෉ёڸਫҭखᓄޠᓣᙡഀ๗ȇα੖һ೾τ ᏱშਫᓣӶлᚡᏳ૟ॳ८ӗяࣻᜱޠःفᐡᄻȃ౱ ࠣІҀൠȃႬφяޏޑڸཽឋ೾๊֚ၦଊఽ൑ȇϜ ୾኶՞შਫᓣࠍණٽഀ๗ՎࣻᜱޠშਫᓣᏱȃٿՍ ܛԥ୾ঢ়ޠݳࡢȃϜ୾ःفڸڐу୾ঢ়࢈ۻഌߟȄ Յ୾ϲშਫᓣ࡛ဋᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშޠ௒ݸٯϛ Ϋϸ඾ႈȂӶםԓαη࢑τӤϊ౵Ȃଷӱშਫᓣ᜹ ࠯ՅӶߒؐϸ᜹αԥܛϛӤѵȂϲৡτӼ࢑пၦྜ ᜹࠯ޠРԓ֖౫ȄپԄ࢈ݾτᏱၦྜұཏშ࢑пᏱ ଲقܛߒؐϸ᜹Ȃөقܛᆪॳӕпၦྜ᜹࠯ಡϸȂ ණٽөၦྜ᜹࠯ϟࣻᜱᓣᙡȇᇄτᚃᏱଲშਫϸᓣ ᓣᙡၦྜұཏშࠍ࢑плᚡߒؐϸ᜹ȂϮಞлᚡϟ ۢဏІࣻᜱસਫဵȃዀᚡȃၦྜ᜹࠯Ȃٯӗя၏л ᚡϟུਫȃ୥Մਫȃຝ᠚ၦਠޠϮಞȄ

ʙ㆛߸ߧ

лᚡӵშȞtopic mapȟΚ໡ۗ࢑࣐ΠණЁસЖ ȞindexȟРݳՅึ৥ޠȂӶ ISO/IEC 13250 Ϝᄈл ᚡӵშޠۢဏ࣐Ȉȶлᚡӵშ࢑Κ৉ңٿಣᙒၦଊޠ РݳȂٻң೼ঐРݳѠпණٽഷٺޠၦଊᏳ૟ȄȷȂ пίᇴ݃лᚡӵშޠᐤѭึ৥ȃ྆܉ȂІڐܼშਫ ᓣࣻᜱስ஀ޠၽңȄ

Topic Maps រ⩐ᔕỄ

лᚡӵშޠକྜѠଢ྘Վ 1993 ԒȂڐॷ࡚Ӷ Davenport Group ःفყᡞޠϏձНӈϜණяȄϟࡤӶ შם༉ክᏱཽȞGraphic Communication AssociationȂ ᙐᆏ GCAȂ֊࣐ϭСޠ IDEAllianceȟ᜔ֆޠ HyTime ᔗ ң τ ཽ Ȟ Conventions for the Application of HyTimeȟໍΚؐึ৥ȂٯՍ၏ࣁ୞ϟࡤ໡ۗᑀҴึ ৥ȃஉ՘ᇅϵոȄ

1999 Ԓ 12 УȂҦ୾ርዀྦಣᙒȞInternational Organization for Standardization, ISOȟІ୾ርႬφȃ ႬᐡېসཽȞInternational Electrotechnical CommissionȂ IECȟӔӤಣԚޠᖓӬ׭೛ېসཽ ȞJoint Technical Committeeȟ ϵոዀྦȂΚР८ ISO Topic Maps ௵ ң HyTime ٿۢဏڐᇮݳȂՅ HyTime ֊࢑ܜ᠜ SGML ࢝ᄻՅٿȇѫΚР८ȂҦܼ SGML ЋႇፓᚖȂ Newcomb ڸ Biezunski ഻Ҵޠ TopicMaps.Org ಣᙒ߰ ਴ᐄ Topic MapsȞISO/IEC 13250ȟ೤ੀਫȂп XML ࣐ஆᙄॐۢඣख़ܓᇮّ XTMȞXML Topic MapsȟȂ ٯۢဏΠΚӌ DTDȂڐϜ೤ۢΠлᚡӵშϰષዀ ᡇȃ឵ܓІڐ࢝ᄻȂηєࢃлᚡӵშ܅ԫϟӬڂ ȞMergeȟȄȞݔ߭Ԛ๊ȂҖ 93ȟXTM ึ৥ႇโԄშ 1 ܛұȄ შ 1! лᚡӵშޠᅌໍᐤโ ၦਠٿྜȈɆплᚡӵშ࡛ᄻસЖڑϟᇮཏᆪၰዂ࠯ɇȂݔ߭Ԛȃዊ໩ኌȃዊ໩஥ᄹȂҖ 93ȂშਫᇅၦଊᏱ ёȂ38Ȃ35-36Ȅ

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Topic Maps ࡣ቏Ꮥ൳

лᚡӵშޠл्྆܉࢑ TAO ήϰષȂєࢃ topics ȞлᚡȟȃassociationsȞᜱᖓȟȃoccurrencesȞၦྜࡿ ЖȟȞpepperȟȂϰષϟ឵ܓࣲڏറԥ኶অᇅ᜹࠯Ȅ ᙥҦ TAO Ѡ࡛ᄻяᓀᆤፓᚖޠޤᜌ๗ᄻᡞقȄпί ᙐ൑ᇴ݃ topicsȞлᚡȟȃassociationsȞᜱᖓȟȃ occurrencesȞၦྜࡿЖȟޠۢဏȄ

Topicsņʙ㆛Ň

Topic map ஡ܛԥѠ૗ޠޑӈȂپԄȈ΢ȃٲȃਣȃ ӵȃޑ๊Ȃϛ፤ԫޑӈ࣐ΚڏᡞԇӶޠޑ፵ܗܫຬ ޠ྆܉Ȃ࢑֐ԇӶӉե੬ܓȂࣲಜᆏ࣐лᚡȂՅл ᚡཽӱлᚡӵშϟᔗңՅԥܛϛӤȄ

Associationsņ〦⊓Ň

֊лᚡᇅлᚡϟ໣ޠᜱ߾Ȃձң࣐૗஡Ӽঐлᚡ ᜱᖓӶΚକȄ

Occurrencesņ⫏᜺྆೧Ň

ΚঐлᚡѠ૗ഀ๗ΚঐܗӼঐࣻᜱޠၦଊၦྜȂ ೼ٳၦྜ֊࣐၏лᚡޠၦྜࡿЖȂၦྜࡿЖѠп࢑ ඣख़၏лᚡޠНӈȃშฬȃኈбܗᆪયȄ ዀྦϜ؂ۢဏΠлᚡోᇑጓ൝ȞscopeȟޠஆҐ྆ ܉ȂࡿяΚঐ੬ੇлᚡІڏԥڐܛ឵ޠోᇑጓ൝Ȃ ૗ۢဏяΚಣܗΚࣩۢ४ϲޠࣻᜱлᚡȄۢဏял ᚡోᇑጓ൝ޠл्ձң࣐ᡲ࢛ঐጓ൝ϲޠлᚡஆҐ ӫᆏȞbase nameȟ࢑୳ΚޠȂҼ֊࿌ԥڎঐлᚡӵ შܛۢဏޠ Scope ࣻծܗഌϸࣻᜱਣȂڐϲ֊Ѡ૗ є֥ڏԥࣻӤஆҐӫᆏޠлᚡȂ߰Ѡ஡ԫлᚡໍ՘ ӬڂȞmergedȟȂםԚུۢဏӬڂ Scope ޠлᚡӵშ Ȟ೩ีଓȂҖ 94ȟȄ

XTM ⦝ᘍҀ₪

XTM ᇮݳӔԥ 19 ঐϰષȂڐңݳᇴ݃Ѡ୥ُߓ 2Ȅ

ʙ㆛߸ߧᅠߧሬ㈀ʠ⳥ᮢ૪͛

Ҧܼлᚡӵშڏԥಣᙒȃඣख़ȃۢ՞ޠ੬ܓȂഃ ᅛӶშਫᓣөስ஀ϜᐋӉ२्ِՔȂ೼ηᡘұΠл ᚡӵშӶၦྜᇅޤᜌᆔ౪ޠ߰ւܓІᄃңܓȂپ ԄȈጤαસЖڑޠ࡛ဋȃ኶՞ၦྜޠၽңȂІޤᜌ ৳ޠ࡛Ҵ๊ȄӶጤαસЖڑޠ࡛ဋР८Ȃԥȶпл ᚡӵშ࡛ᄻસЖڑϟᇮཏᆪၰዂ࠯ȷޠःفԚݏȂԫ ጤαસЖڑϸրᡘұΠлᚡມཋȃлᚡມ໣ޠᜱᖓ ܓȃӶᜱᖓϜܛ׹ᅌޠِՔȃпІၦྜࡿЖޠ᜹ր ๊ȄȞݔ߭Ԛȃዊ໩ኌȃዊ໩஥ᄹȂҖ 93ȟԫѵȂӶ ኶՞ၦྜޠၽңР८Ȃԥ኶՞ڑᙡ୾ঢ়࠯ऌ׭ॏฬ ȶᅟฬ኶՞ڑᙡϟђঅᔗң-ᅟฬၜមၦਠІᅟฬშ ᠧϟ೪ॏȷϟःفԚݏȂӶःفϜւңлᚡӵშ࣐ቔ ᑺ෤ӒҢޠᅟฬձ࡛ࠣᄻጤαᅟฬშᠧȞѡڑȂҖ 94ȟȇఁيၦྜ኶՞შਫᓣޠःفࠍ࢑ॷ഻ȶ஼Ыఁ يၦྜ኶՞შਫᓣఁᏱлᚡӵშ࡛ဋዂԓȷȂ׈Ԛڏ ԥၦྜഀ๗ޠҐᡞ፤֖౫РԓϟޤᜌᏱಭ࢝ᄻȄȞ஼ ుቱȂҖ 95ȟѫΚР८Ȃޤᜌ৳ޠ࡛Ҵԥ୾ϲޠդ ఁޤᜌ৳ޠ࡛ҴȂ࢑пȮτভ՚஀ଅȯڸȮτভτཐ ਀Ԍήᙡݳ৲༉ȯ࣐ᄃᡜ؆ਠȞݔӏᓹȃዊ໩࡞ҔȂ Җ 91ȟȇ୾ѵࠍԥ Ralf ๊΢ึ৥ޠસЖᇅᔯસق ಜ—LumrixȂᙥп൷׳ڸഀ௦ٻңᆪၰ׭೛ޠϛӤ᜹ ࠯ၦਠȞSchweiger, Hoelzer, Rudolf, Rieger & Dudeck, 2003ȟȂпІ HyperCIS AG ϵѨึ৥ΠΚঐᖒ݃ޠၦ ਠᔯસقಜȞIRSȟȂ஡ᚃᏱዀᚡߓȞMeSHȟϜϸ᜹ ޠᚃᏱޤᜌᙾΤлᚡӵშȄȞBeier & Tesche, 2001ȟ

೘⇦⫏᜺ḻาߧ

შਫᓣၦྜұཏშ࢑Κ໷л୞ණٽޤᜌ๞᠟޲ޠ ձཿРԓȂშਫᓣւңၦྜұཏშණٽᒶۢлᚡϟ ᓣᙡၦྜޠϮಞڸࡿЖȂՅᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშࠍ࢑ ࡿп኶՞Ͼȃᆪॳםԓ֖౫ޠၦྜұཏშȄଷΠࡿ ЖშਫᓣϲޠᓣᙡၦྜѵȂၦྜұཏშηѠпձ࣐ ࡿЖᆪርᆪၰၦྜޠϏڏȄϛᆔեᆎםԓޠၦྜұ ཏშȂഎѠණٽᙵ൳ޠၦଊၦྜȂпІձ࣐ህֆఁ ᏱȃःفՍঔϟւᏣȄ

೘⇦ᅞೣ

࡛Ҵၦྜұཏშϟл्ҭޠ࣐ᆡጃӵᆁྦഷԥ ңޠၦྜȂڐႇโሰ्შਫᓣসڸᏱऌ஠ঢ়ϟ໣ޠ ஞϹӬձȄHanrong ڸ WilliamȞ2004ȟӶуউޠ ःفϜࡿяȂҭࠊᗚءԥ࡛ҴΚঐ݃ጃޠᆪॳޏၦ ྜұཏშޠࡿᏳРଭȂ֊ٻؑঐၦྜұཏშӱ࣐შ ਫᓣޠϛӤӉଡ଼Յԥڐᑀ੬ޠੀԓȂկ࡛ဋΚঐᆪ ॳޏၦྜұཏშޠஆҐ঩ࠍڸؐ᡾Ϭ࢑ࣻӤޠȂሰ ्შਫᓣসڸٻң޲ϟ໣ஞϹޠӬձȄ೼ٳஆҐ঩ ࠍڸؐ᡾єࢃԥȈ೪ۢ݉ଡ଼Ӊଡ଼ȃۢဏ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬІ

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ߓ 2! XTM ᇮݳϰષ лᚡӵშ (The Topic Map)

<topicMap> лᚡӵშНӈޠ਴ϰષȄѠၽңޠφϰષє֥<topic>ȃ<association>ᇅ<mergeMap> Ȅ ၦྜࡿЖлᚡᇅлᚡࡿዀ (References to Topics and Subject Indicators)

<topicRef> ၦྜࡿЖлᚡϰષȄ <subjectIndicatorRef> ၦྜࡿЖлᚡࡿዀȄ ጓ൝ᇅ௒ძ (Scope and Context)

<scope> ၦྜࡿЖᄻԚጓ൝ޠлᚡȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<topicRef>ȃ<resourceRef>ᇅ <subjectIndicatorRef>Ȅ

᜹րᇅᄃپ (Classes and Instances)

<instanceOf> ࡿӪѠпߓұлᚡ᜹࠯ޠлᚡȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<topicRef>ڸ <subjectIndicatorRef>Ȅ

лᚡ (Topic and Subjects)

<topic> ዀұялᚡȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<instanceOf>ȃ<subjectIdentity>ȃ<baseName>ڸ <occurrence>Ȅ <subjectIdentity> лᚡᜌրȄѠഇႇ<resourceRef>ȃ<subjectIndicatorRef>ܗ<topicRef>φϰષȂٿࡿ݃ лᚡܛڏᡞϾޠлᚡ (subject) Ȅ лᚡӫᆏ (Topic Names) <baseName> лᚡޠஆҐӫᆏȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<scope>ȃ<baseNameString>ᇅ<variant>Ȅ <baseNameString> лᚡஆҐӫᆏϟԆ՜ϲৡȄ <variant> лᚡޠஆҐӫᆏпѵޠӫᆏȇᡑ౵ӫᆏȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<parameters>ȃ <variantName>І<variant>Ȅ <variantName> ᡑ౵ӫᆏϟৡᏣȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<resourceRef>ᇅ<resourceData>Ȅ <parameters> ᡑ౵ӫᆏ (<variant>) ޠ೏౪௒ძȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<topicRef>ڸ

<subjectIndicatorRef>Ȅ ᜱᖓᇅԚস (Associations and Members)

<association> лᚡ໣ϟᜱᖓȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<instanceOf>ȃ<scope>І<member>Ȅ

<member> ᜱᖓԚসȄࡿяӶᜱᖓϜȂ׹ᅌ࢛ᆎِՔޠлᚡȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<roleSpec>ȃ <topicReg>ȃ<resourceRef>ᇅ<subjectIndicatorRef> Ȅ

<roleSpec> ࡿ݃ӶᜱᖓϜȂԚস׹ᅌޠِՔȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<topicRef>ڸ <subjectIndicatorRef> Ȅ

ၦྜࡿЖڸၦྜ (Occurrences and Resources)

<occurrence> ၦྜࡿЖȄࡿяڸлᚡࣻᜱޠၦྜȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<instanceOf>ȃ<scope>ȃ <resourceRef>ᇅ<resourceData>Ȅ <resourceRef> ණٽܛ्ၦྜࡿЖϟၦྜޠ URIȄ <resourceData> ၦྜၦਠޠৡᏣȄѬ૗ৡાԆϰၦਠȄ Ӭڂ (Merging) <mergeMap> ᇅڐулᚡӵშӬڂϟңȄѠၽңޠφϰષєࢃ<topicRef>ȃ<resourceRef>ᇅ <subjectIndicatorRef>Ȅ ၦਠٿྜȈRDF ᇅ Topic Maps ϟޤᜌߓኊЩၷःفȂᗪ۠ঘȂҖ 93Ȃ୾Ҵᇄᢋ৲ጓτᏱშਫၦଊᏱقᆉς ፤НȂѯіҀȄ

(8)

ࣩۢၦྜጓ൝Ȅпί֊ᇴ࡛݃ဋϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣၦ ྜ ұ ཏ შ Ȟ http://www.lib.chu.edu.tw/information/ information.aspȟޠРԓȈ

⥑હሺՖ˶Ֆ

഻ആၦྜұཏშޠஆҐӉଡ଼࢑ණٽлᚡޠ྆ᢏй ചӗяஆҐޠၦਠȂпᡲٻң޲Ӷᒶᐆࣻᜱၦྜਣ ૗ԥΚঐԂޠяึᘉȄՅҐःفଭᄈޠϜ๽τᏱშ ਫᓣȂڐၦྜұཏშޠ݉ଡ଼Ӊଡ଼ଷΠαख़ϟѵȂڐ ᇕ໲ጓ൝ηᔗпණٽ၏ਯ৲Ң፟โІःفϟڟֆ࣐ ҭޠȄ

હ∑ሺՖଃ⩽

Π၍݉ଡ଼ᄈຬ࢑഻ആၦྜұཏშޠᜱᗥȄᒶᐆҔ ጃޠлᚡȃٿྜȃᇮّȃॴੀȂ஡ӓഌӊᒧ݉ଡ଼ᄈ ຬՅۢȄτ஠ଲਯშਫᓣޠл्݉ଡ଼ᄈຬ࣐ఁ৲ȃ ᏱҢȂԪ्݉ଡ଼ᄈຬ࣐՘࢈΢সȃਯѵ᠟޲Ȃ౪၍ ೼ٳᄈຬሰ्ϨቅйණٽഷԂޠၦྜȂ஡ᄈ፟โڸ ःفԥ࡟τޠᔔֆȄ

᮹હ⫏᜺῅ߣ

ஆҐαөقܛޠၦྜ᜹࠯τयࣻӤȂڐԞᓄޠၦྜ ጓ൝ࠍ҇໹ഇႇᐤԒөقܛ௱ᙩᗋຶޠშਫ᜹ဵಜ ॏІ௵ጢಣ஠ཿᓣসޠቸਰȂϘ૗ᆡጃӵ׈Ԛᇕ໲Ȅ ೪ۢშਫᓣၦྜұཏშޠ݉ଡ଼Ӊଡ଼ȃۢဏ݉ଡ଼ᄈ ຬڸࣩۢၦྜጓ൝૗ᔔֆᓣসᒴඊҔጃޠРӪȄЋ Ӽޠၦྜܗഀ๗Ѡ૗ᡲٻң޲དژ֩ᘚȂՅЋЎޠ ၦྜܗഀ๗ࠍณݳණٽԥਞڟֆȄ

೘⇦ᙟỄ

࡛ဋΚঐᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშ࢑൳ࢆ᏾ܓڸຳਣ ޠȂดՅη࢑ߩளԂޠစᡜȄᄈშਫᓣসٿᇴȂ҇ ໹ዤோშਫᓣᓣᙡڸᆪርᆪၰၦྜȂϘ૗࣐ၦྜұ ཏშࢆяԥቌঅޠ୥ՄၦྜȂпίᇴ݃Ґःف࡛ဋ ၦྜұཏშϟࢻโȈ

ᄮ᫧׳₇໽᳈〦ߧሬㆩ⚦

ҦܼҐःفᄃձϟϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣȂڐ௵ጢಣ΢ সӶጢҭձཿਣཽٸᐄөقܛᐤԒණٽϟᙩᗋਫ ൑ȂܼშਫᓣՍ୞Ͼقಜϟើ՞Ϝђпᇴ݃Ȃࢉٸ ྲᙩᗋقܛើ՞ٯစҦ௵ጢಣ΢সᑣᒶቸਰࡤȂ֊ Ѡᐍ౪яөقܛளңϟშਫ᜹ဵȄ

၃ଁ׳₇໽᳈〦א≙ሬ

пᐍ౪Ԃϟөقܛࣻᜱ᜹ဵȂࢦၛშਫᓣᓣᙡࢦ ၛقಜȂѠڦூࣻᜱ୥ՄਫϟਫҭၦਠȄ

၃ଁ׳₇໽᳈〦֢ᷟं⧄ᄽ

ҦܼҐःفᄃձϟϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣȂڐөقܛޠ ീᆉς፤Нસਫဵ࢑ٸྲقܛхጇϸ᜹Ȃࢉпસਫ ဵࢦၛშਫᓣᓣᙡࢦၛقಜȂѠڦூࣻᜱീᆉς፤ НϟਫҭၦਠȄ

ᄮ᫧׳₇໽᳈〦ቅӤ

ᐍ౪яөقܛ௱ᙩϟ෉ёఽ൑Ȅ

ᄮ᫧׳₇໽᳈〦⫏ᅆಝ

ᐍ౪яөقܛࣻᜱၦਠ৳Ȅ

╒ゝ׳₇໽᳈〦ℐ⭰⫏᜺

ᇕ໲୾ϲѵөτ஠ଲਯࣻᜱقܛᆪॳȄ ᇕ໲׈Ԛٯ࡛ဋᆪॳࡤȂࠍ࢑ၦྜұཏშޠα ༉ȃᆱៗІຠզȂҦܼᓣᙡၦྜ஡ϛᘟᗋΤȂՅᆪ ၰၦྜϟϲৡІ՞ဋҼစள׾ᡑȂࢉ҇໹ۢ෉؂ུ пٻܛԥޠഀ๗എ૗஋ߴࡼҔளȄຠզࠍѠᙥҦᆪ ॳαϟٻң޲ಜॏȂпΠ၍ڐԇڦ௒םȄ

ҙૌጁೣ

ҐःفпϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣᓣᙡၦྜ࣐ኻҐȂ࡛ဋ ׈Ԛϟၦྜұཏშє֥΢НᏱଲȃϏᏱଲȃၦଊᏱ ଲȃᆔ౪Ᏹଲȃ࡛ᑟᏱଲ๊ϥঐᏱଲȞᖃॏ 22 ঐق І৲ၦஊيϜЗȟϟࣻᜱၦྜᇕ໲Ȃڐϲৡл्є ֥пίංঐഌϸȈ

˛₺

ၦྜұཏშޠۢဏȃҭޠȃٻңРԓȃ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬ๊Ȅ

ҙૌ

ٸྲᓣᙡၦྜ᜹࠯௷ӗȂၦྜ᜹࠯є֥ࣻᜱშਫ ᜹ဵȃ୥Մਫȃീᆉς፤Нȃ෉ёȃၦਠ৳ȃᆪၰ ၦྜ๊Ȅ

Ң˟⫏⤻

ӗя୥ՄᓣসໍΚؐޠᖓ๝ၦଊȃᆪॳ؂ུС ෉๊Ȅ

(9)

Ґःفܛ഻ആϟၦྜұཏშȂڐםԓІϲৡ࢑୥ Մ୾ϲөτ஠ଲਯளңϟ࢝ᄻ೪ॏȂл्࢑ٸྲၦ ਠ᜹࠯ӗяө໷ᓣᙡၦྜȂпІᆪርᆪၰၦྜޠࡿ ЖȄө໷ၦྜޠ᜹࠯ԥȈშਫࣻᜱ᜹ဵȃࣻᜱ୥Մ ਫȃࣻᜱ෉ёȃࣻᜱၦਠ৳Іࣻᜱᆪၰၦྜ๊Ȅ

೘⇦ൔവ

࡛ဋၦྜұཏშޠႇโ܂܂ሰ्შਫᓣসڸᏱऌ ஠ঢ়ϟ໣ޠஞϹӬձȂᓣসІ஠ঢ়উ҇໹ዤோშਫ ᓣᓣᙡڸᆪርᆪၰၦྜȂϘ૗࣐ၦྜұཏშࢆяԥ ቌঅޠ୥ՄၦྜȂࢉڐႇโѠདྷՅޤ࢑൳ࢆ᏾ܓڸ ຳਣޠȄӶࢆᒶშਫࣻᜱ᜹ဵޠႇโϜȂ҇໹ഇႇ ጢҭਣܛ࡛Ҵޠᙩᗋقܛ׈ԚಜॏȂϟࡤϬሰစҦ ᓣসܗᏱऌ஠ঢ়ޠ΢ϏᑣᒶȂР૗ጃߴ᜹ဵᇅقܛ ޠࣻᜱܓȄԫѵȂӶᇕ໲ࣻᜱ୥Մਫȃീᆉς፤Н ๊ᓣᙡၦྜਣȂ҇໹ւңᇕ໲Ԃϟࣻᜱ᜹ဵࢦၛშ ਫᓣᓣᙡࢦၛقಜȂ஡ܛԥᇅقܛࣻᜱޠ୥Մਫȃ ീᆉς፤Н๊ၦਠചӗяٿȂڐϏโϟਫ਼τѠདྷՅ ޤȄՅᆪၰၦྜޠᇕ໲ᇅࡤ៊ޠၦਠᆱៗηሰ्ߞ ਣ໣ޠևΩȄϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣᛥܼᓣসІϏ᠟ҢӶ ΢ΩІਣ໣αϟ४ښȂпІᏱऌ஠ঢ়ϟМනϛ٘Ȃ ࢉ࡛ဋ׈Ԛၦྜұཏშङ߇ຳΚঐᏱ෉ޠਣ໣Ȅ Ӷ࡛ဋϟߒȂस૗Ӓ೪ۢშਫᓣၦྜұཏშޠ݉ ଡ଼Ӊଡ଼ȃۢဏ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬڸࣩۢၦྜጓ൝Ȃ஡؂૗ᔔ ֆᓣসᒴඊҔጃޠРӪȂ࿌ดؑঐშਫᓣӶ࡛ဋၦ ྜұཏშਣޠՄ໕҇ดԥܛৰ౵ȂپԄȈϲৡੀԓ ޠ֖౫Ѡӗя؂ၐᅿޠၦଊȇᓣᙡၦྜІᆪၰၦྜ Ѡ௵ңϛӤޠᒶᐆዀྦ๊Ȅԥٳშਫᓣޠᓣᙡϛծ Ϝ๽τᏱშਫᓣӶጢҭਣ֊຀ᓄ௱ᙩٿྜȂࠍѠՄ ኍ௵ң௵ጢᓣসᇅᏱऌ஠ঢ়ӬձޠРԓȂӔӤࢆᒶ قܛࣻᜱޠᓣᙡၦྜȂ࿌ด೼ഌϸߩளሰ्Ᏹऌ஠ ঢ়ޠჂΩࣻֆȄՅᆪၰၦྜޠᒶᐆȂࠍѠٸྲ݉ଡ଼ ᄈຬϟሰؒȂණٽ؂Ӽޠഀ๗݉ଡ଼Ȃस࢑૗ໍΚؐ ๗ӬՍ୞ϸ᜹ϟ׭೛Ȃ஡ᆪયၦྜٸྲлᚡ୉ϸ ᜹Ȃ஡؂૗ٻၦྜұཏშޠᆪၰၦྜࡿЖѓ૗ึද ڐഷτਞઊȄ

ʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧ʠ૪̳

ӵშ׭೛ϑೞኅހٻң኶ԼԒϟεȂഇႇშםР ԓඣख़ޫ໣౫ຬȂழ๞΢᜹྄τޠ߰ւȂᗷดӵშ ӱڐኻԓȃѓ૗ՅԥϛӤᆎ᜹ȂկڐҐ፵І੬ኊ࢑ ᜹ծޠȄΚૢٿᇴȂӵშڏԥۢ՞ȃ֮ۢϟѓ૗Ȃ ٻң޲ഇႇӵშ߰ѠٟഁᆡጃӵජඬܛሰР՞ᇅӵ ౪ၦଊȄлᚡӵშଷΠڏԥΚૢӵშϟ੬ܓȂηڏ ԥ GPS ૢޠᏳ૟ѓ૗ȇ஡ڐၽңӶშਫᓣϜȂ஡Ѡ Ԛ࣐ၦྜࡿЖޠΚᆎ஽τϏڏȄҐःفܛٻңޠၦ ྜࡿЖ࡛ဋϏڏ˕˕лᚡӵშȂڏԥޤᜌۢ՞ȃၦ ଊᐞ௦ϟ੬ܓȂѠᇴ࢑ΚঐΫϸᎍӬւңܼᆔ౪ၦ ྜлᚡІᆪၰഀ๗ޠϏڏȄҐࢳޠ२ᘉ֊ၑშпл ᚡӵშϟлᚡȃᜱᖓȃၦྜࡿЖ๊੬ܓȂၽңܼშ ਫᓣၦྜұཏშȂп഻ആშਫᓣጤαၦྜࡿЖޠᄊ ུםԓȄ ᒴඊ XTM ޠዀྦȂҭࠊӶᄃձαԥ೩Ӽ೻ᡞ৉ ӈණٽ๞โԓ໡ึ޲ึ৥өᆎޠлᚡӵშᔗңโ ԓȄӶϏڏโԓ໲Р८Ȃԥ TM4JȃPerl XTMȃ tmprocȃtinyTIMȃTM4Jscript ๊Ȃٻң޲Ѡңٿ࡛ ᄻᔗңโԓȄӶᔗңโԓР८ȂѠϸ࣐ጢᒯᏣȃ౱ ҢᏣȃяޏ҂ѯІлᚡӵშᔯຝᏣ๊ȄጢᒯᏣ࢑ң пК୞౱ҢІ؂׾лᚡӵშȂپԄ TM4Lȇ౱ҢᏣ ࢑ ң п Ս ୞ ౱ Ң І ؂ ׾ л ᚡ ӵ შ ၦ ਠ Ȃ پ Ԅ TMHarvestȇяޏ҂ѯࠍӼпᆪॳܗშםРԓᡘұл ᚡӵშၦਠȂپԄȈOmnigatorȃTMBrowseȃxSiteable І ZTM ๊ȇлᚡӵშᔯຝᏣл्ଭᄈлᚡ໣ޠᜱᖓ ձშםϾᡘұȂپԄȈTMNavȃHypergraph І TM4L ȞViewerȟ๊ȄҐःف௵ңп TM4J ࣐โԓਰЗஆ ᙄޠ TM4L ձ࣐໡ึлᚡӵშޠ೻ᡞ৉ӈȂٿ֖౫ өлᚡ໣ϟᜱᖓІၦྜࡿЖȄ

ᶇἄᑂ቏⦦ᆙ

Ґःف௵ңࠊΚ࿾࡛ဋޠϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣၦྜұ ཏშձ࣐лᚡӵშϟષ؆Ȅԫၦྜұཏშ࢑ҦϜ๽ τᏱၦଊ݉ଡ଼ಣಣস࡛ဋȂє֥΢НᏱଲȃϏᏱଲȃ ၦଊᏱଲȃᆔ౪Ᏹଲȃ࡛ᑟᏱଲ๊ϥঐᏱଲȞᖃॏ 22 ঐᏱقІ৲ၦஊيϜЗȟϟࣻᜱၦྜᇕ໲Ȃၦྜ ᜹࠯є֥ࣻᜱშਫ᜹ဵȃ୥Մਫȃീᆉς፤Нȃ෉ ёȃၦਠ৳ȃᆪၰၦྜ๊Ȃᓣᙡၦྜഀ๗ޠഌϸഀ ՎϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣᓣᙡࢦၛقಜϟਫҭࢦၛ๗ݏॳ ८Ȃᆪၰၦྜഀ๗ޠഌϸࠍഀՎᆪርᆪၰࢦၛ๗ݏॳ ८ȄϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣᓣᙡϟϸ᜹РԓȂϜН࢑௵ң Ϝ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳȂ՚Нࠍ௵ңज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳȄ

(10)

Ӡኔד⥑⤺

࣐Π׈ᐍ֖౫ၦྜұཏშࣻᜱၦྜၦଊޠлᚡӵ შȂ҇໹Ӓۢဏлᚡӵშή्ષ TopicȞлᚡȟȃ AssociationȞᜱᖓȟІ OccurrenceȞၦྜࡿЖȟϟၦ ଊȂ୥ُߓ 3Ȃпίө࿾஡ഃΚᇴ݃Ȅ ߓ 3! ۢဏᄃձϟлᚡӵშή्ષ

Topic Type Topic Association

Type Association Occurrence Type Ϝ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳ᜹րӫᆏȞپԄȈήِȃϜ୾࡛ ᑟȟ შਫϸ᜹ݳ ज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳ᜹րӫᆏȞپԄȈAcceptance sampling Ȃ Accidents and their prevention Air safetyȟ ϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹ ր ϸ᜹ݳȃ᜹ րӫᆏ WebOPAC ഀ๗ قܛ ᏱଲІقܛȞپԄȈ΢НᏱଲȃѵНقȟ Ᏹଲᇅقܛ ᗶ឵Ᏹଲȃ є֥قܛ قܛഀ๗ ၦྜ᜹࠯ ၦྜӫᆏȃᏱଲၦྜІقܛၦྜȞپԄȈ෉ёȃ ΢НᏱଲ෉ёȃѵНقࣻᜱ෉ёȟ Ᏹଲᇅၦྜ ࣻᜱᏱଲȃ ࣻᜱၦྜ ၦྜұཏშ ഀ๗ ڐу ڐуȞپԄȈϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣၦྜұཏშȃᒧҘ ಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳȃज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳȃقܛȟ ڐу є֥—឵ܼ

ʙ㆛

ӶлᚡӵშϜȂөлᚡٸྲܓ፵ѠпୣϸԚϛӤ ޠ࠯ᄙȞtypeȟȂҐःفл्ୣϸԚѳᆎлᚡ࠯ᄙȈ შਫϸ᜹ݳȃقܛȃၦྜ᜹࠯ІڐуȂпίᇴ݃ө лᚡ࠯ᄙє֥ϟлᚡȈ 1. შਫϸ᜹ݳȈпᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳϜө᜹ րӫᆏᇅज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳϜө᜹րӫᆏх ߓȶშਫϸ᜹ݳȷ࠯ᄙޠлᚡȄᒧҘಉϜ୾შ ਫϸ᜹ݳ᜹րӫᆏє֥ȶήِ Trigonometryȷ Ȟ 317 ȟȃȶ Ϝ ୾ ࡛ ᑟ Chinese architecture ȷ Ȟ922ȟȃȶϜ୾࢈ݾښ࡚ Chinese governmentȷ Ȟ573ȟȃȶϜ୾ݳ೤ཋጢ Collections of Law, Codes and Statutes-ChinaȷȞ582ȟ๊лᚡȇज୾ ୾ ཽ შ ਫ ϸ ᜹ ݳ ᜹ ր ӫ ᆏ є ֥ Acceptance samplingȞTS156.4ȟȃAccidents and their prevention. Air safetyȞGeneral worksȟȞTL553.5ȟȃAccounting. Bookkeeping Ȟ HF5601-5689 ȟȃ Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, etcȞLB3060ȟ๊лᚡȄ

2. قܛȈөقܛӫᆏхߓȶقܛȷ࠯ᄙޠлᚡȂ ϸԚȶၦଊᏱଲȷȃȶϏᏱଲȷȃȶᆔ౪Ᏹଲȷȃȶ΢ НᏱଲȷȃȶ࡛ᑟᏱଲȷȃȶၦଊᏱଲȷϳঐᏱଲ лᚡȂᏱଲлᚡϟίӕٸقܛлᚡಡϸȄ 3. ၦྜ᜹࠯Ȉөၦྜӫᆏхߓȶၦྜ᜹࠯ȷ࠯ᄙ ޠлᚡȂϸԚȶ୥Մਫȷȃȶ෉ёȷȃȶീᆉς፤ Нȷȃȶၦਠ৳ȷȃȶᆪၰၦྜȷϥঐлᚡȂၦྜ ӫᆏлᚡϟίӕٸᏱଲлᚡಡϸȂᏱଲлᚡϟ ίӕٸقܛлᚡಡϸȄ 4. ڐуȈଷΠαख़ޠлᚡ࠯ᄙє֥ޠлᚡѵȂۧ ۢဏΠȶϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣၦྜұཏშȷȃȶᒧҘ ಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳȷȃȶज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳȷȃ ȶقܛȷ๊ංঐлᚡሡ௦өлᚡȂп֖౫׈ᐍ ϟᜱᖓȄ

〦⊓

Ӷۢဏ׈ၦྜұཏშϜѳঐлᚡ࠯ᄙޠлᚡϟ ࡤȂίΚؐ᡾֊ໍ՘ᜱᖓϟۢဏȂп߰ഇႇᜱᖓ՜ ᖓө໷лᚡȄҦܼၦྜұཏშϟлᚡ݃ጃ൑હȂл

(11)

्࢑Ҧშਫϸ᜹ݳȃقܛȃၦྜ᜹࠯ήᆎлᚡ࠯ᄙ ᄻԚȂࢉڐ໣ᜱᖓۢဏҼϛሰႇܼፓᚖȂ֊Ѡఽྀ ᇴ݃өлᚡϟ໣ޠᜱ߾ȄҐःفۢဏΠѳঐᜱᖓ࠯ ᄙȂϸԚȈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹րȃᏱଲᇅقܛȃᏱଲᇅၦ ྜȂпІє֥ᇅ឵ܼȄԄშ 2 ᇴ݃өᜱᖓ࠯ᄙє֥ ϟө໷ᜱᖓȈ 1. ϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹րȈл्ۢဏȶშਫϸ᜹ݳȷ೼ঐ лᚡ࠯ᄙޠᜱᖓȂڐϜȶᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ ݳȷᇅȶज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳȷᄈȶᒧҘಉϜ ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳө᜹րӫᆏȷᇅȶज୾୾ཽშਫ ϸ᜹ݳө᜹րӫᆏȷޠᜱᖓۢဏ࣐ȶ᜹րӫ ᆏȷȇЇϟȂȶөᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳ᜹րӫ ᆏȷᇅȶөज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳ᜹րӫᆏȷᄈ ȶᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳȷᇅȶज୾୾ཽშਫ ϸ᜹ݳȷޠᜱᖓۢဏ࣐ȶϸ᜹ݳȷȄ 2. ᏱଲᇅقܛȈл्ۢဏȶقܛȷ೼ঐлᚡ࠯ᄙ ޠᜱᖓȂڐϜȶᏱଲȷᄈȶقܛȷޠᜱᖓۢဏ ࣐ȶє֥قܛȷȇЇϟȂȶقܛȷᄈȶᏱଲȷޠ ᜱᖓۢဏ࣐ȶᗶ឵ᏱଲȷȄ 3. ᏱଲᇅၦྜȈл्ۢဏȶၦྜ᜹࠯ȷ೼ঐлᚡ ࠯ᄙޠᜱᖓȂڐϜȶၦྜȷᄈȶᏱଲȷޠᜱᖓ ۢဏ࣐ȶࣻᜱᏱଲȷȇЇϟȂȶᏱଲȷᄈȶၦྜȷ ޠᜱᖓۢဏ࣐ȶࣻᜱၦྜȷȄ 4. є֥ᇅ឵ܼȈଷΠۢဏαख़ංঐл्ޠᜱᖓ࠯ᄙ ІᜱᖓѵȂڐуᜱᖓࣲۢဏ࣐ȶє֥ȷІȶ឵ܼȷȄ

ϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹ր

Ᏹଲᇅقܛ

Ᏹଲᇅၦྜ

᜹րӫᆏ

ᗶ឵Ᏹଲ

ࣻᜱᏱଲ

Ϝ୾࡛ᑟ

ᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫ

ϸ᜹ݳ

΢НᏱଲ

є֥قܛ

ѵНق

ࣻᜱၦྜ

ീᆉς፤Н

შ 2! ᇴ݃өᜱᖓ᜹࠯є֥ϟө໷ᜱᖓ

(12)

⫏᜺྆೧

ӶлᚡӵშϜȂѠւңၦྜࡿЖᄃ౫ၦྜұཏშϜ ࡿЖөᆎᓣᙡၦྜІࣻᜱᆪયၦྜޠѓ૗ȇҐःف஡ ၦྜࡿЖ࠯ᄙϸԚѳᆎȈWebOPAC ഀ๗ȃၦྜұཏ შഀ๗ȃᆪၰഀ๗ȃقܛഀ๗Ȃпίϸրᇴ݃ϟȈ 1. WebOPAC ഀ๗ȈᒧҘಉϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳᇅज୾ ୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳޠө᜹րӫᆏࣲѠഀ๗Վშਫ ᓣᓣᙡࢦၛقಜਫҭࢦၛ๗ݏॳ८Ȅ 2. ၦྜұཏშഀ๗Ȉ୥Մਫȃ෉ёȃീᆉς፤Нȃ ၦਠ৳๊ၦྜӫᆏࣲѠഀ๗Վშਫᓣၦྜұཏ შᆪॳȄ 3. ᆪၰഀ๗ȈᆪၰၦྜӫᆏѠഀ๗Վ୾ϲѵτ஠ ଲਯࣻᜱقܛᆪયȄ 4. قܛഀ๗ȈقܛӫᆏѠഀ๗ՎᏱਯقܛᆪયȄ

૪̳⎞ا᫠

ԫഌϸл्ϮಞлᚡӵშၦྜࡿЖޠᄃձІ֖ ౫Ȃٯᇴ݃ᄃձႇโϜϟ४ښȄӶᄃձР८ȂଷϮಞ ٻң TM4L ጢᒯᏣϟРԓȂٯτ౲ᇴ݃Ԅե࡛Ҵ XTM НӈȄ

⳼Ⳣۊ㆛

1. ЎԥռຳޠлᚡӵშᔗңโԓጢᒯᏣȈٻңл ᚡӵშጢᒯᏣጢቹȂ߾ഇႇშםϮ८ᒰΤл ᚡȃᜱᖓІၦྜࡿЖ๊ϲৡȂ׈Ԛлᚡӵშϟ ᇨձȂѠᗘռޣ௦ጢቹ XTM ആԚޠᖆᅴІᓀ ᇳ౦ȄՅ TM4L ࣐Ўُޠռຳлᚡӵშᔗңโ ԓጢᒯᏣȂࢉҐःفᒶң TM4L ጢᒯᏣпᄃ౫ Topic Map ၽңܼၦྜұཏშȄ 2. WebOPAC ᔯસ๗ݏ֖౫РԓϛٺȈҐःفϜ ᓣᙡၦྜࢦၛ๗ݏഀ๗ॳ८Ȃӱڨ४ܼϜ๽ τᏱშਫᓣՍ୞Ͼقಜϟ WebOPAC Ӷᡘұ ࢦၛ๗ݏαԥܛ४ښȈпસਫဵࢦၛȂᡘұ ๗ݏ࣐᜹ဵᘳ៕ฬ८Ȃ୥ُშ 3Ȃٻң޲ณݳ Κҭᕤด࢑֐࣐Սϐܛሰၦਠȇस૗ޣ௦ණ ٽਫҭॳ८Ȃ஡؂࣐߰ւІ݃ጃȂ୥ُშ 4Ȅ 3. ༊૗୉൑Κ᜹ဵࢦၛȈпસਫဵࢦၛਣȂณݳ ࢦၛጓ൝ȂѬ૗п൑Κ᜹ဵࢦၛȇܼᒧҘಉϜ ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳޠ᜹ဵഀ๗࡛ဋαณኈ៫ȂկӶ ज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳϟ᜹ဵഀ๗࡛ဋαࠍၷ࣐ ϛ߰Ȃڐ၍؛Рԓ஡ܼίНϜၐख़Ȅ 4. ᜱᖓ Topic ϟ኶໕४ښȈTM4L Ӷ Topic ᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕αԥ४ښ(ഷӼ 19 ঐ)Ȃࢉԥٳ Topic ณݳпშםРԓ׈ᐍᡘұȂڐ၍؛РԓҼܼί НϜђпၐख़Ȅ

͐ᮢ TM4L ℶⱓݽ

TM4L ᕘძ࢑ҦΚঐ TM4L ጢᒯᏣІΚঐ TM4L ᔯຝᏣܛᄻԚȂп TM4L ጢᒯᏣ࡛ᄻ Topic MapȂ ԥϮ८ᙐܿȃᆱៗ߰ւІܼܿ௱ኅϟᓻᘉȂйϑԥ ϜНϾϮ८ȄጢᒯᏣޠშםϾϮ८л्ഇႇ Topic MapȃTopicsȃRelationships І Themes ๊ቺրٿໍ ՘ࣻᜱጢᒯȂпίϸրᇴ݃ϟȈ შ 3! пસਫဵࢦၛϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣՍ୞Ͼقಜ WebOPAC Ӓᡘұ᜹ဵᘳ៕ฬ८

(13)

1. лᚡӵშቺրȈٻң޲Ѡւңߓ൑ȂᒰΤлᚡ

ற

ӵშϟࣻᜱၜមၦ Ȃߓ൑໷ҭє֥ȈዀᚡȞл ᚡӵშӫᆏȟȞTitleȞTopic Map Nameȟȟȃඣख़ Ȟ Description ȟȃ л Ԡ Ȟ л ् л ᚡ ȟȞ Subject ȞMain Topicȟȟȃ౱Ң޲ȞCreatorȟȃлᚡࡿዀ ȞSubject Identifierȟȃяޏ޲ȞPublisherȟȃଔ

ᝧ޲ȞContributorȟȃ౱ҢС෉ȞCreation Dateȟȃ ᇮ ّ Ȟ Language ȟȃ ၦ ྜ Ȟ Source ȟȃ ᜱ ߾ ȞRelationȟȃ࠯ᄙȞTypeȟȃੀԓȞFormatȟȃ ోᇑȞCoverageȟȃޏ᠍ȞCopyrightȟ๊ȂڐϮ ८୥ُშ 5Ȅ შ 4! пસਫဵࢦၛһ೾τᏱშਫᓣՍ୞Ͼقಜ WebOPAC Ѡޣ௦ᡘұਫҭฬ८ შ 5! TM4L ጢᒯᏣޠ Topic Map ቺր

(14)

2. лᚡȞTopicsȟቺրȈٻң޲ଷΠѠӶԫུቩл ᚡȃփଷлᚡȃ࡛Ҵڐулᚡޠቺ઼ᜱ߾Іࣻ ᜱၦྜޠഀ๗ȂηѠ೪ۢлᚡրᆏІлᚡၦྜ ഀ๗ޠጓ൝ȄԫѵȂҼණٽлᚡᜱᗥԆࢦၛޠ ѓ૗Ȅпίᖟپᇴུ݃ቩΚлᚡȂ֊ᒧҘಉϜ ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳޠ᜹րӫᆏɈו᛹ɉȂІ࡛Ҵࣻᜱ ၦྜഀ๗ޠؐ᡾Ȅ (1) ᒶᐆлᚡɈѡх՚ࢸНᏱɉ࣐ЯлᚡȂᘉᒶ ѢРȶлᚡӫᆏȷޠȶቩђȷȂя౫ȶུቩڐ улᚡӫᆏȷޠຝๆȂѠ࡛ҴɈѡх՚ࢸН ᏱɉޠφлᚡɈו᛹ɉІڐրᆏȂ୥ُშ 6Ȅ (2) ᘉᒶȶлᚡၦྜȷޠȶቩђȷȂя౫ȶུቩၦ ྜȷϟຝๆȂᒶᐆၦྜ࠯ᄙޠȶᆪၰഀ๗ȷȂ ୥ُშ 7Ȅ (3) ഷࡤӶȶၦྜᆪ֮ܗၦྜၦਠȷϜᒰΤ्ུ ቩޠᆪ֮ȂᘉᒶጃۢȂ֊׈Ԛࣻᜱၦྜഀ๗ ϟ࡛ҴȂ୥ُშ 8Ȅ 3. ᜱᖓȞRelationshipsȟቺրȈٻң޲ѠՍ՘ۢဏ лᚡϟ໣ޠᜱ߾Ȃܗւң TM4L ጢᒯᏣႲ೪ޠ ᄃپܼȞInstance-ofȟȃαቺ-ίቺȞPrev-Nextȟȃ ᜱᖓܼȞRelatedȟȃࣻծܼȞSimilarȟІЯ᜹-φ᜹ȞSuperclass-Subclassȟϥᆎᜱ߾ȄؑΚঐ 墵 ᜱ߾ޠॐۢ ҇໹є֥ᜱ߾ӫᆏІࣻᜱлᚡܛ ࠏ ׹ᅌِՔޠۢဏȂпІՎЎΚঐᜱ߾ᄃ ޠԇ ӶȄпίᖟپᇴ࡛݃Ҵᜱ߾࠯ᄙɈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹ րɉϟؐ᡾Ȅ შ 6! ᖟپᇴུ݃ቩлᚡɈו᛹ɉϟРԓ

(15)

შ 7! ᖟپᇴ࡛݃ҴлᚡɈו᛹ɉޠࣻᜱၦྜഀ๗ϟРԓ

(16)

(1) Ӷȶᜱ߾࠯ᄙȷਡᘉᒶȶ౱ҢȷȂ֊я౫ȶ౱ Ңུᜱ߾࠯ᄙȷϟຝๆȂӶȶᜱ߾࠯ᄙӫᆏȷ ೏ᒰΤɈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹րɉȂٯۢဏڎঐِՔԚ স࣐Ɉϸ᜹ݳɉᇅɈ᜹րӫᆏɉȂ୥ُშ 9Ȅ (2) ӶɈԫ࠯ᄙޠᜱ߾ɉѢРᘉᒶȶቩђȷȂ֊я ౫ȶུቩᜱ߾ȷຝๆȂѠ࡛ҴɈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹ րɉ࠯ᄙϟڎᆎِՔɈϸ᜹ݳɉᇅɈ᜹րӫ ᆏɉޠԚসȂ୥ُშ 10Ȅ შ 9! ᖟپᇴ݃౱Ңུᜱ߾࠯ᄙɈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹րɉϟРԓ შ 10! ࡛ҴɈϸ᜹ݳᇅ᜹րɉᜱ߾ϟԚস

(17)

შ 11! TM4L ጢᒯᏣޠ Themes ቺր 4. ᚡ؆ȞThemesȟቺրȈңпձ࣐௒ძޠۢဏȂ пІлᚡӫᆏȃၦྜᇅᜱᖓޠ੬ۢ௒ძۢဏȂ Ѡң TM4L Ⴒ೪ޠӓഌȞWholeȟᇅഌϸȞPartȟ ܗՍ՘ۢဏȂᘉᒶȶ౱Ңȷ֊я౫ȶ౱Ңུᚡ ؆ȷϟຝๆȂѠ࡛Ҵᚡ؆ӫᆏІᚡ؆ᆪ֮Ȃڐ Ϯ८୥ُშ 11Ȅ

೘Ἴ XTM ᄽ˴

ଷΠٻң TM4L ጢᒯᏣٿ࡛ᄻлᚡӵშѵȂη Ѡң XTM ᇮݳ๗ᄻޣ௦ໍ՘ጢᒯȂӕ༙Τژጢ ᒯ೻ᡞ TM4L ϜȂпί֊Ϯಞ XTM Нӈޠ࡛Ҵ ᄃپȄ НӈӶґ೪ۢጢጇ឵ܓਣȂXTM Нӈཽп UTF-8 ࣐Ⴒ೪অȂНӈԇᔭਣ୚ᔭӫሰ೪࣐.xtmȄ 1. ॷӒȂ෈<TopicMap>ϰષђΤ IDȂٻڐڏᡞ ϾȂ୥ُშ 12Ȅ 2. ৬م׌ᠲऱֱڤਢܓش <Topic> ຍଡցైΔڕ ׌ᠲψՠጥߓઌᣂཚעωΔ೶ߠቹ 13Ζ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <TopicMap id="x1nhncorcr-4" xml:base="file:/C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/਺८ /tm4l-1.0-bin/tm4l-1.0-bin/xtm/chu_lib2" xmlns="http://www.TopicMaps.org/xtm/1.0/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">

</TopicMap>

შ 12! ڏᡞϾлᚡӵშᄃپ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <TopicMap id="x1nhncorcr-4" xml:base="file:/C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/਺८ /tm4l-1.0-bin/tm4l-1.0-bin/xtm/chu_lib2" xmlns="http://www.TopicMaps.org/xtm/1.0/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> - <Topic id=" x1nhncsf5l-f62"> - <baseName id=" x1nhncsf5l-f63"> <baseNameString>Ϗᆔقࣻᜱ෉ё</baseNameString> </baseName> </Topic> </TopicMap> შ 13! лᚡӵშޠлᚡጢጇᄃپ

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3. ђΤлᚡ᜹࠯ޠРԓȂࠍ࢑п<instanceOf>೼ঐ ϰષٿ࣐лᚡۢဏ᜹࠯Ȃ୥ُშ 14Ȅ࿌ดӶۢ ဏлᚡ᜹࠯ϟࠊȂ҇໹Ӓ࡛ҴΚঐȶᆪၰഀ๗ȷ лᚡȂ࡛ҴРԓԄαख़࡛ҴȶϏᆔقࣻᜱ෉ёȷ лᚡϟРԓȂٯ஡ȶᆪၰഀ๗ȷ೼ঐлᚡޠ Topic ID ೪࣐"x1nhncsf5l-e28"Ȅ 4. ђΤၦྜࡿЖޠРԓȂ࢑п<occurrence>೼ঐϰ ષٿ࣐лᚡђΤၦྜࡿЖȂ୥ُშ 15Ȅ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <TopicMap id="x1nhncorcr-4" xml:base="file:/C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/਺८ /tm4l-1.0-bin/tm4l-1.0-bin/xtm/chu_lib2" xmlns="http://www.TopicMaps.org/xtm/1.0/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> - <Topic id=" x1nhncsf5l-f62"> - <baseName id=" x1nhncsf5l-f63"> <baseNameString>Ϗᆔقࣻᜱ෉ё</baseNameString> </baseName> - <instanceOf> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-e28" /> </instanceOf> </Topic> </TopicMap> შ 14! лᚡӵშޠлᚡ᜹࠯ጢጇᄃپ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <TopicMap id="x1nhncorcr-4" xml:base="file:/C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/਺८ /tm4l-1.0-bin/tm4l-1.0-bin/xtm/chu_lib2" xmlns="http://www.TopicMaps.org/xtm/1.0/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> - <Topic id=" x1nhncsf5l-f62"> - <baseName id=" x1nhncsf5l-f63"> <baseNameString>Ϗᆔقࣻᜱ෉ё</baseNameString> </baseName> - <occurrence id="x1nhncsf5l-f81"> - <instanceOf> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-e28" /> </instanceOf> <resourceRef xlink:href="http://www.lib.chu.edu.tw/information/ %BA%DE%B2z%BE%C7%B0%7C/%A4u%BA%DE.htm#sec4"/> </occurrence> </Topic> </TopicMap> შ 15! лᚡӵშޠၦྜࡿЖጢጇᄃپ

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5. Ӷጢᒯ׈лᚡȃၦྜࡿЖࡤȂ௦ίٿ൸Ѡпւ ң <association> ೼ ঐ ϰ ષ ٿ ࣐ л ᚡ ђ Τ ᜱ ᖓ

ΠȂ୥ُშ 16Ȅ

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

- <TopicMap id="x1nhncorcr-4" xml:base="file:/C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/ ਺ ८ /tm4l-1.0-bin/tm4l-1.0-bin/xtm/chu_lib2" xmlns="http://www.TopicMaps.org/xtm/1.0/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> - <Topic id=" x1nhncsf5l-f62"> - <baseName id=" x1nhncsf5l-f63"> <baseNameString>Ϗᆔقࣻᜱ෉ё</baseNameString> </baseName> </Topic> -<association id="x1nhncsf5l-ee1"> - <instanceOf> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-d63" /> </instanceOf> -<member id="x1nhncsf5l-ee2"> -<roleSpec> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-d65" /> </roleSpec> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-e8c" /> </member> -<member id="x1nhncsf5l-ee3"> -<roleSpec> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-d68" /> </roleSpec> <TopicRef xlink:href="#x1nhncsf5l-e00" /> </member> </association> </TopicMap> შ 16! лᚡӵშޠᜱᖓጢጇᄃپ

૪̳ا᫠

TM4L ᔯຝᏣଷΠණٽ Graph View ᔯຝშםϾϮ ८Ȃᗚණٽ Text View ᇅ Tree View ڎᆎᔯຝѓ૗Ȃ Յ Topic Maps Indexes ࠍ є֥ Subject Topicsȃ RelationshipsȃTopic TypesȃRelationship Typesȃ Resource Types І Themes ๊ᒶ໷ȂᒶۢࡤѠӶ Graph View ᇅ Tree View ϜᡘұࣻᜱϲৡȂ୥ُშ 17Ȅ

ٻң Tree View ᔯຝѓ૗ȂѠ஡ᒶۢޠлᚡђп৥ ໡ȂпᡘұࣻᜱлᚡІၦྜഀ๗ȇᒶᐆ Graph View ᔯຝѓ૗ȂࠍѠпშםϾРԓȂᔯຝࣻᜱлᚡІၦ ྜഀ๗ȂԄშ 18 ֊࣐Ґःفၽңлᚡӵშܼၦྜұ ཏშϟᄃձ֖౫ȄҦܼ TM4L Ӷ Topic ᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕αԥ४ښȂࢉԥٳ Topic ณݳпშםРԓ׈ᐍ ᡘұȂپԄϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳܗज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳ ޠܛԥ᜹րӫᆏȂ୥ُშ 19Ȃ၍؛РԓѠп Tree View РԓᢏࣽȂܗ࡛ҴԄ part1ȃpart2Ȍޠ Topic ӫ ᆏȂٻᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕մܼα४Ȅ ԫѵȂӶ࡛ဋज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳϟၦྜഀ๗ ਣȂпસਫဵࢦၛϜ๽τᏱშਫᓣՍ୞Ͼقಜޠ WebOPACȂณݳࢦၛጓ൝ȂѬ૗п൑Κ᜹ဵࢦၛȂ ၍؛РԓѠ஡ Topic пӼঐ url ഀ๗Рԓ֖౫Ȃ୥ُ შ 20Ȅ

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შ 17! TM4L ᔯຝᏣޠ IndexsȃTree View І Graph View

ٻң Tree View ᔯຝѓ૗ȂѠ஡ᒶۢޠлᚡђп৥ ໡ȂпᡘұࣻᜱлᚡІၦྜഀ๗ȇᒶᐆ Graph View

ᔯຝѓ૗ȂࠍѠпშםϾРԓȂᔯຝࣻᜱлᚡІၦ ྜഀ๗ȂԄშ 18 ֊࣐Ґःفၽңлᚡӵშܼၦྜ

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შ 19! Topic ᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕αԥ४ښȂϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳณݳᢏࣽܛԥ᜹րӫᆏ

ұཏშϟᄃձ֖౫ȄҦܼ TM4L Ӷ Topic ᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕αԥ४ښȂࢉԥٳ Topic ณݳпშםРԓ ׈ᐍᡘұȂپԄϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳܗज୾୾ཽშਫϸ

᜹ݳޠܛԥ᜹րӫᆏȂ୥ُშ 19Ȃ၍؛РԓѠп Tree View РԓᢏࣽȂܗ࡛ҴԄ part1ȃpart2Ȍޠ Topic ӫ ᆏȂٻᜱᖓϟ Topic ኶໕մܼα४Ȅ

(22)

ʙ㆛߸ߧ⫏᜺྆೧ʠ೘⇦ൔവ

Ҧ ܼ л ᚡ ӵ შ ࢑ Ҧ ή ् ષ Ȉ Topic Ȟ л ᚡ ȟȃ AssociationȞᜱᖓȟІ OccurrenceȞၦྜࡿЖȟಣԚȂ ࢉۢဏή्ષϟၦଊѠᇴ࢑Ϋϸ२्Ȃ࡛ဋϟߒ҇ ໹ቸབྷϸݚܛԥ्ષϟ֖౫Ȃ֐ࠍ஡ԄӤҐःف࣐ ؒႁژഷ׈๢ޠ֖౫ȂႇโϜϬሰ።ᐍлᚡ࠯ᄙȃ ᜱᖓ࠯ᄙϟϲৡȄѫѵҦܼᓣᙡၦྜޠϛᘟᗋΤȂ ηߵٻःفႇโϜଷΠ࡛ဋၦਠȂۧሰϛᘟ؂ུл ᚡӵშၦྜࡿЖޠϲৡȄ ၽңϟߒᒶۢӬᎍϟлᚡӵშᔗңโԓጢᒯᏣ࢑ Ϋϸ२्ޠȂΚ໡ۗ҇໹߇ਣ໣Π၍ڐٻңРԓȄ ՅӶၽңϟርȂۧሰՄኍၽңϟၦྜұཏშޠ४ښ ࣐եȃ࢑֐ኈ៫лᚡӵშϟਞ૗๊ୱᚡȄپԄҐः فഀ๗ϟ WebOPACȂԥࢦၛ๗ݏ࣐᜹ဵᘳ៕ฬ८Ȃ пІࢦၛ᜹ဵਣ༊૗п൑Κ᜹ဵࢦၛȂՅณݳΚԪ ࢦၛᐍঐ᜹ဵጓ൝ϟୱᚡȂ೼ٳୱᚡࣲ࣐ WebOPAC Ӓ Љ ఩ ӈ ϟ ४ ښ Ȃ կ स ၽ ң ܼ ڐ у Ᏹ ਯ ϟ WebOPACȂܗ೩Ѡᗘռԫ᜹ୱᚡޠึҢȄѫѵᗚԥ Topic ᜱᖓϟ Topic ޠ኶໕४ښୱᚡȂഎ҇໹߇ਣ໣ ѫ൷؂ٺ၍؛РԓȂп׈ᐍ֖౫лᚡӵშၦྜࡿ ЖȄѫѵȂҦܼज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳ࡟ᜳࢦژၐᅿ ޠ᜹ဵȂშਫᓣ҇໹ԥᗋຶၦਠ৳Р૗ࢦၛȂՅҦ ܼҐःفӍშ׈ԚՎЎή໧ቺޠᜱᖓȂࢉ୧፝ҝ৊ τᏱშਫᓣᓣসޠڟֆȂР૗׈Ԛԫ໷ᖠ႟ϟӉ ଡ଼ȄҐःفᄡՎҭࠊ࣐ЦӔ׈Ԛ 3838 ঐлᚡȂၦྜ ࡿЖҦܼ኶໕ಁӼȂϬࡼ៊࡛ဋϜȄ ᓣᙡၦྜޠӼᄁȂኈ៫࡛ဋлᚡӵშၦྜࡿЖϟ ਣ໣І΢ΩȂՅᓎ຀ᓣᙡၦྜޠϛᘟᗋΤȂᆱៗІ ؂ུлᚡӵშၦྜࡿЖޠϏձ஡؂ᡘ२्Ȃშਫᓣ ґٿ༗҇ሰ्Մ໕ԫഌϸϟ΢ΩପဋȂ஡ᆱៗлᚡ ӵშၦྜࡿЖຝ࣐Κߞ෉ܓϟϏձȂР૗஡лᚡӵ შၦྜࡿЖϟѓңึදՎిᅎᅿयȄ

⃌⧄

Ґःفᄈܼၦྜұཏშϟ࡛ဋȂණяΠڏᡞϟР ԓІؐ᡾пණٽ୥ՄȄԫѵȂҐःفϟ२ᘉ࣐ණя ၽңлᚡӵშܼၦྜұཏშޠᄻདྷȂп഻ആΚᄊུ םԓޠၦྜࡿЖϏڏȂҦܼлᚡӵშڏԥኇܓȃৡ ܿᘘщ๊ᓻᘉȂٻூҐःف഻ആяޠлᚡӵშၦྜ ࡿЖϏڏ૗ᓎਣ።ᐍڐϲৡȃ࠯ᄙȂпಓӬөᆎሰ ؒІණٽ؂ᓻًޠڟֆȄ ҦܼҐःف຀२௥ଇᓣᙡၦྜлᚡϟᜱᖓ֖౫Ȃ ܛᄃᡜϟၦਠ࢑пٻңϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳᇅज୾୾ཽ შਫϸ᜹ݳጢҭϟϜ՚Нშਫ࣐лȇڐуᓣᙡၦ ྜȂє֥ീᆉς፤Нȃ෉ёȃၦਠ৳ȂІᆪၰၦྜȂ ӱߩٻңϜ୾შਫϸ᜹ݳᇅज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳȂ ࢉϛӶҐःفጓ൝ϲȄڐၦྜࡿЖϟᆪၰഀ๗η༊ ණٽഀՎᆪॳޏၦྜұཏშϟॳ८ȂґٿѠ஡ീᆉ ς፤Нȃ෉ёȃၦਠ৳ȂІᆪၰၦྜ๊ђΤژлᚡ ӵშၦྜࡿЖϟ࡛ဋϜȂپԄȈീᆉς፤Нၦਠٸ ౴ཿԒ࡚୉ಡϸȇ෉ёٸ࢝ဵ୉ಡϸȇၦਠ৳ٸϜ ՚НᇅᏱऌስ஀ಡϸȇᆪၰၦྜٸܓ፵୉ಡϸȂࠍ Ԓ࡚ȃ࢝ဵȃϜ՚НȃᏱऌስ஀ȃܓ፵ࣲѠ࿌ձл ᚡ࠯ᄙȄՅӶᆪၰၦྜഌϸଷΠࣻᜱᏱਯقܛѵȂ ҼѠቩђ؂Ӽޠࣻᜱᆪၰၦྜഀ๗݉ଡ଼Ȃпщϸึ ද Topic Map ޠѓңȄԄԫȂӶ֖౫Р८Ȃϛ፤࢑ ஡ၦྜұཏშᆪॳᇅлᚡӵშٯңȂܗ׈ӓплᚡ ӵშڦхၦྜұཏშᆪॳϟРԓȂࣲѠձ࣐ၦྜࡿ Жޠ྄ٺϏڏȄ ҐःفϜлᚡӵშၦྜࡿЖޠᇨձ࢑ഇႇ TM4L ጢᒯᏣϟშםϮ८ᒰΤлᚡȃᜱᖓІၦྜࡿЖȂп ᗘռޣ௦ጢቹ XTM ആԚޠᖆᅴІᓀᇳ౦ȄՅ TM4L ᗷᇴ࢑ҭࠊЎُޠлᚡӵშᔗңโԓጢᒯᏣȂկҦ ܼึ৥ۧґԚዤȂϬԥ೩Ӽۧࡠ׾๢ϟ೏ȄپԄӶ ೻฾ᡞР८Ȃٻң TM4L ུቩၦਠਣȂᓎ຀ၦਠ໕ ഛ៊ቩђȂུቩഁ࡚ηᗎܼጦᄛȂ҇໹्ԥၷԂޠ Ⴌဟ೪റໍ՘ࡤ៊ޠᆱៗϏձȂйҭࠊ TMNav ȞTopic Maps Viewerȟ༊ණٽ൑ᐡޏȂґٿसၽң Java Web Start ׭೛Ȃ஡Ѡᡲٻң޲௄ᘳ៕Ꮳޣ௦ڴ Ѫ TMNavȄ ՅӶϸ᜹Р८ȂଷΠҐःفϜܛණژޠϜ୾შਫ ϸ᜹ݳᇅज୾୾ཽშਫϸ᜹ݳϟϸ᜹РԓѵȂҼѠ ࡼ៊ःف؂ٺϟϸ᜹РԓȂپԄఽ๽τᏱშਫᓣۋ Ծлᚡӵშϟ֖౫Ȃ߾ւң࡛ဋጤαસЖڑϟР ԓȂණٽٻң޲ࢦၛөۋԾມཋޠӤဏມȃᜱᖓມȃ ኅဏມȃ੮ဏມ๊ȂлᚡࣲѠഀ๗ՎۋԾጤα᜞ڑ ࢦၛມཋཏဏȄҐःفґٿҼѠ୥Մԫ֖౫Рԓᒶ ڦΚ੬ۢޠлᚡȂւңՍ୞ထ໲Ȟclusteringȟޠ׭ ೛ᇕ໲ࣻᜱޠᓣᙡၦྜᇅᆪၰၦྜȂпၽңܼлᚡ

(23)

ӵშၦྜࡿЖϜȄԫѵȂ࣐ໍΚؐΠ၍᠟޲ᄈлᚡ ӵშၦྜࡿЖޠ௦ڨโ࡚ȂଭᄈϛӤᏱऌስ஀ޠ᠟ ޲ໍ՘ٻң޲።ࢦҼԥڐ्҇Ȅ

⎐⨀

ҐН਴ᐄึߓӶȺҦშਫᓣᏱژშਫၦଊᏱɯၯ ຺ڎঐзखȻःଇཽȞህϧτᏱშਫᓣȃህϧτᏱ შਫၦଊᏱقлᒳȂཽឋਣ໣Ȉ2008.5.15-16ȟϟጉ ӈዝႻՅԚȄ

א≙ᄽ᪇

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O’Sullivan, M. K., & Scott, T. J. (2000). Pathfinders Go Online. Library Journal, 125, 40-42.

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in the Age of Infoglut. Retrieved from the World

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Schweiger, R., Hoelzer, S., Rudolf, D., Rieger, J., & Dudeck, J. (2003). Linking Clinical Data Using Xml Topic Maps. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 28, 105-115.

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Libraries, 34, 41.

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Warner, A. S. (1983). Pathfinders: A Way to Boost Your Information Handouts Beyond Booklists and Bibliographies. American Libraries, 14, 151. ѡڑȞҖ 94ȟȄлᚡӵშϟःفᇅᔗңȈпᅟฬშ ᠧ࣐پȄ୾Ҵһ೾τᏱၦଊऌᏱقᆉς፤НȂུ ԽҀȄ ݔ߭Ԛȃዊ໩ኌȃዊ໩஥ᄹȞҖ 93ȟȄплᚡӵშ ࡛ᄻસЖڑϟᇮཏᆪၰዂ࠯ȄშਫᇅၦଊᏱёȂ 38Ȃ35-36Ȅ դఁޤᜌ৳ϟقಜ࡛ᄻȄҖ 96 Ԓ 5 УȂڦՍȈ http://www.chibs.edu.tw/exchange/CONFERENCE/ 4cicob/fulltext/ou_yang.doc ೩ีଓȞҖ 94ȟȄᔗң Topic Maps ౪፤࡛ဋޤᜌસ ЖܼጤαུᆹٲӈᔯસःفȄ୾Ҵ໵ݔऌ׭τᏱ ၦଊᆔ౪قᆉς፤НȂ໵ݔᑫȄ ஼ుቱȞҖ 95ȟȄTopic Maps ᔗңܼఁيၦྜ኶՞ შਫᓣϟःفȈпڟֆ K-12 ఁ৲೪ॏۋԾఁ਱࣐ پȄ୾Ҵһ೾τᏱၦଊऌᏱقᆉς፤НȂུԽҀȄ