Added value

(1)

Electro-Optical system engineering part 1

BASIC THEORIES AND PERFORNANCE

(FIGURES OF MERIT)

(2)

人類思想脈絡

宗教

哲學

科學

藝術

真

美善

形

器道

光學、物理

(3)

「光」的思維

(歷史悠久的論述 )

盤古－－開天劈地的第一個行動

創世紀－－上帝的第一個旨意

形（真）：能量傳遞邏輯、辯證、創意道（善）：熵與黑洞崇拜、儀式、心靈器（美）：生活技術研發、製造、現實

光環－－尊榮騙術

(4)

Self belief Self awareness Self Management Drive for improvement

Personal integrity Intellectual

flexibility

Broad scanning

Political astuteness

Drive for results

Leading change through people

Effective and strategic influencing Empowering others

Holding to account

Collaborative working

Setting Direction Setting Direction

Personal Personal Qualities Qualities

Seizing the future

(5)

光學工廠管理

核心團隊

約聘人員

彈性勞工

創造有機化組織

(人性化、制度化、學習化) 才能達成永續經營的目標

(6)

設計規格與工程規格

設計過程中, 程式均選用固定的數值, 所得結果便形成設計(design)規格。

在正常製造過程中, 其製作精度必須有一定的寬溶度, 則形成所謂的工程(nominal)規格。

前述兩種必須吻合, 才能完成產品, 也是公差訂定的基礎。

系統公差總值由各元件公差分攤。

部分元件公差的量可能由系統來吸收。

(7)

創造市場

市場是靠稱職的技術人才打造出來的

投人所好建立特色

切入點:

健康品位環保價廉風行

預測未來的最佳方案是創造未來務實的點子有一點新又不太新

打天下需要世界觀的智慧訂定自己的知識管理目標

(8)

規劃階段的重要性

越早期偵知風險, 對計畫越有利。

匯集專業人員, 組成評估團隊, 快速解決困難問題, 容易發揮效果。

成員包括：

市場及計畫主管—充分了解產品需求, 得以正確付託各分項專業適當的權責。

專業人員需提供完整技術資訊, 各领域間之溝通管道務須暢通。

任務執行盡可能並行處理。

(9)

What is Strategy?

“The determination of the basic-long term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of

courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out those goals” (Chandler 1962)

“A strategy is a pattern or plan that integrates an

organization’s major goals, policies and action

sequences into a cohesive whole.” (Quinn, 1980)

(10)

決策層次

(11)

The Language of Strategy

Mission – overriding purpose

y (be healthy & fit)

Vision (strategic intent) – desired future state

y (run marathon)

Goal – general statement of aim or purpose

y ( lose weight & get fit)

Objective – quantified/ more precise statement of the goal

y (lose 12 lbs by end March, run marathon in 2006)

(12)

公益評估

Responsible for public (vs. private) value

Deal with citizens, beneficiaries, obligatees (e.g.

prisoners) rather than customers or consumers

Deal with an authorising (rather than a market

environment) which is made turbulent by the electoral cycle

y Are students customers?

Use more diverse resources: public money & public

power

(13)

產品選擇

Background

Requirements:

y

規格需求

系統, 元件性能, 環境

y

替代品的優劣比較

市場/競爭力區隔,

y

能量評估

困難/前瞻潛力研發方案

(14)

光學產業管理特色

光學技術的建立需要較長時間的培養

技術的獨特性有其不易被取代的優點

創業雄心很重要；了解自己個性會更踏實

需要的是：

自我的素養與長進

業務學習＋課程學習

(15)

兩個流行用語

「上海速度」

快，然後進步。

「台北速度」

快，但是混亂。

？！心中很難過？！

(16)

怎麼辦？

二十一世紀以後是雙V的世代，一個領導者應該著重在兩個字，

第一個字叫VISION（願景），領導主管帶動員工的主要精神所在就是－

－（願景），

第二個就是VALUE（價值），價值包括了正確的價值觀與正確的工作態度

當你是主管在做任何一件事情時，部屬的眼睛是雪亮的，

所以最高領導者要樹立一種典範，一個新思維的典範。

(17)

Generic Base Technologies

Top Dow n Ana to lysis Iden tify Gen eric Tech nolo gy

Bottom Up Demonstration

of

Generic Application

Selection Process (Top-Down & Bottom-up)

Top-Down analysis：

looking for generic technologies（as shown at the center）

Bottom-up analysis：

ooking for generic application (as shown at the two sides)

(18)

Diamond design

(19)

(20)

Award winning examples…

January-February 2002

(21)

Curved principle plane

(22)

影像像差與光瞳像差

(23)

(24)

Pupil aberration

(25)

初階像差與高階像差間的互動

3rd order Pupil S^I

3rd order S

^III

&

3rd order S

^IV

5

th

order induced S

^V

interaction

Result

(26)

資深設計師之心聲

(27)

Scanner lens

DSC/DV Zoom lens

Semi-conductor Optical Measurement

Stepper

High quality DSLR lens

2

Added value

Ultra-precision

Taiwan product Taiwan product

range range

Precision optical

products increase added- value 3 to 8 times more than before

HD-DVD,DVD Objectives

Aerospace Camera

Optical Microscope

Micro-Lens

Phone camera lens

4 6 8 10

hundreds

100nm 10nm

1μm 1nm

General Accuracy

≈

Product differentiation line Optics applied to

precision measurement instrument can produce several ten to hundred times of added-value

Projection Lens

Optical Accuracy vs. Added-value

Eu/ Japan Eu/ Japan product range product range

High Accuracy

(28)

Corner Cube

特徵：製作困難，應用簡便

獨門功力：測距、大地測量、汽/機車尾燈

(29)

自動校準裝置

(30)

氣泡水平校正

(31)

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/filters/

E

^y

E

^x

偏極光

(32)

光學的境界

真^、善^、美架構下的思維脈絡：藝術講求的是真善美

也是宗教、哲學及科學的終極舞台

宗教求取心靈的歸宿

哲學展現個人的素養

科學追逐現實的好感

人類思想(哲學) 行為(科技)表現的高層次境界在光學

(33)

製造工程

以光學原理與創新為基礎, 配合成熟的電子(機械)技術, 所組成的專業領域

精密與創新

微光機電光機、光電

機械是工業之母!!

(34)

光學技術的表徵

物理背景深淵

手法單純 (直接觀察)

功能廣闊 (從玩具到武器)

個人 –– 修養與氣度 工業 –– 工藝與水準 國家 –– 實力與繁榮

(35)

The battle between

CCDs and CMOS

Both image sensors are pixelated metal oxide semiconductors. (MOS)

They accumulated signal charge in each pixel

proportional to the local illumination intensity, serving a spatial sampling function.

The difference in readout has significant

implications for sensor architecture, capabilities and limitations.

(36)

CCD 傳遞

(37)

CMOS read-out

convert charge to voltage & mot functions are integrated into the chip.

Camera

ckt board C-MOS image sensor

dynamically

(38)

The problem with

CMOS imager

(39)

Sensor performance

Responsivity

Dynamic range

Uniformity

Shuttering

speed

Windowing

Anti-blooming

Biasing and clocking

(40)

Responsivity

The amount of signal delivered per unit of input optical energy.

CMOS is marginally superior to CCD:

gain elements are easier to place.

Complementary transistors allow low-power high-gain amplifiers.

(41)

Dynamic range

The ratio of a pixel’s saturation lever to its signal threshold.

CCD has an advantage over CMOS by about a factor of two in comparable

circumstances.

quieter sensor substrates.

easily adapted transistor geometry for minimal noise.

(42)

Uniformity

The consistency of response for different pixels under identical illumination

conditions (illuminate / near dark).

CMOS imager traditionally much worse

under over-all image degradation than that of CCD’s, a significant issue in high-speed applications.

(43)

Shuttering

The ability to start and stop exposure

arbitrarily,particularly important in machine vision applications.

CCDs can deliver superior electronic

shuttering, with little fill-factor compromise.

while CMOS sensor designer still dealt with this challenge.

(44)

Speed

For high frame rate.

CMOS has the advantage over CCDs, because all camera function can be

placed on the image sensor.

Ex. Optical detection of electrical changes ( fluorescent dyes) in brain cells --Japan.

(45)

Windowing

Unique capability for CMOS.

Read out a portion of the image sensor, allowing elevate frame for special

applications.

Ex. High-temporal-precision object tracking

(46)

數位相機的四大性能訴求

Resolution,

apparent sharpness and visible detail(related to 50% MTF frequency),

Noise/grain

Noise in digital SLRs is much lower than grain (its counterpart) in film

Dynamic range

Limitated dynamic range is the principal weakness of digital capture

Color quality

digital is outstanding, better than film when prints are the end product

(47)

Antiblooming

The ability to gracefully drain localized over-exposure without compromising the rest of the image in the

sensor.

Biasing and clocking

CMOS: generally operate with a single bias voltage and clock level.

CCDs: typically require a few higher-voltage biases, but clock has been simplified

in operating with low-voltage.

(48)

Sampling

theory

(49)

Images of periodic bars of

equal irradiance and size (upper pattern) sampled by pixel (lower pattern).

(50)

Typical pixel response functions (dashed line) for pixels

N – 1, N, and N +1.

(51)

Aliansing

(52)

Color-aliasing

Different white-

light level between Colored pixel can produce cyan and yellow strips

across an image.

(53)

Nyquest theory

Solid State Image Sensors(CCD, CMOS Image Sensor) have limited spatial frequency, because of finite image cell size (4 ~ 9 um)

When Image Sensors are capturing images with fine features near or above Nyquist frequency, aliasing causes image distortion

To prevent the image distortion such as false Moire, the

spatial frequency of image must be restricted below the

Nyquist frequency

(54)

Nyquest theory

(55)

平行片的像差影響

S_I= - [n₀(n² - 1)/n³]u⁴d

S_II,S_III,S_V are S_I dependent S_IV= 0

C_I= - n₀(δn/n²)u²d C_II= - n₀(δn/n²)uūd

Unchanged when moving along optical axis (h independent).

(56)

Low-pass 濾光片

Morie 干涉紋 (spatial) 飛輪效應

(temporal)

Added value

Electro-Optical system engineering part 1

BASIC THEORIES AND PERFORNANCE

(FIGURES OF MERIT)

藝 術





































 “The determination of the basic-long term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of

courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out those goals” (Chandler 1962)

 “A strategy is a pattern or plan that integrates an

organization’s major goals, policies and action

sequences into a cohesive whole.” (Quinn, 1980)

決 策 層 次

The Language of Strategy

 Mission – overriding purpose

 Vision (strategic intent) – desired future state

 Goal – general statement of aim or purpose

 Objective – quantified/ more precise statement of the goal

 Responsible for public (vs. private) value

 Deal with citizens, beneficiaries, obligatees (e.g.

prisoners) rather than customers or consumers

 Deal with an authorising (rather than a market

environment) which is made turbulent by the electoral cycle

 Use more diverse resources: public money & public

power



Requirements:

y

y

y











Top Dow n Ana to lysis Iden tify Gen eric Tech nolo gy

Selection Process (Top-Down & Bottom-up)

Diamond design

Award winning examples…

January-February 2002

Curved principle plane

Pupil aberration

3rd order S

3rd order S

5

order induced S

Result

≈

Optical Accuracy vs. Added-value

Corner Cube

E

E







光學技術的表徵

CCDs and CMOS

CCD 傳遞

CMOS read-out

The problem with

CMOS imager

Sensor performance





藝術

“The determination of the basic-long term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of

“A strategy is a pattern or plan that integrates an

決策層次

Mission – overriding purpose

Vision (strategic intent) – desired future state

Goal – general statement of aim or purpose

Objective – quantified/ more precise statement of the goal

Responsible for public (vs. private) value

Deal with citizens, beneficiaries, obligatees (e.g.

Deal with an authorising (rather than a market

Use more diverse resources: public money & public

Resolution,

Noise/grain

Dynamic range

Color quality

The ability to gracefully drain localized over-exposure without compromising the rest of the image in the

Solid State Image Sensors(CCD, CMOS Image Sensor) have limited spatial frequency, because of finite image cell size (4 ~ 9 um)

When Image Sensors are capturing images with fine features near or above Nyquist frequency, aliasing causes image distortion

To prevent the image distortion such as false Moire, the