歡 迎 詞
科技部 生命科學推動中心 國立成功大學 蘭花研發中心
蘭花產業一直以來都是台灣重要的花卉出口產品，依 據農委會於 2017 年統計表示，作為觀賞用花的產值佔 比達花卉出口的 92 % 約一億七千萬美元。
面對國際競爭，如荷蘭、中國及越南等東南亞各國蘭 花技術的進步而成為崛起出口國，再再都對台灣蘭花外 銷市場產生了壓迫。除了加速蘭花業者技術提昇以及完 善場域設備外，跨領域應用，如找出特用蘭花觀賞外的 其他應用項目，如香味、食用、藥用等，亦是重要的面 向。
此次研討會將焦點放在特用蘭科植物如藥用、食用、
精油等跨領域之應用對人們生活的影響與功用，以及其 他非觀賞性之應用。邀請國內外花卉產官學界專家學者 探討蘭花產業發展現況與未來應用生物技術之發展。希 望提升蘭花在觀賞之外的其他應用價值及產值，並永保 台灣蘭花產業之競爭力。
Welcome
Life Sciences Research Promotion Center, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU)
Orchids have been one of the important export crops in Taiwan. The ornamental flowers accounts for 92% of the flower exports, and the value is more than US$170 million according to the statistics by Council of Agriculture, 2017.
To confront the international export competition from other countries, including Netherlands, China, Vietnam and the rising exporters like Southeast Asian countries, technology advancement is critical for Taiwan orchid industry. In addition to accelerating the technology development and the cultivation equipment improvement, cross-disciplined applications for ornamental orchids, it is the same importance to identify the significance of non- ornamental orchids for their special applications to reinforce the orchid industry.
This symposium focuses on the impact and utility of special applications of non-ornamental orchids such as medicine, food additives, and essential oils in daily life. We invite distinguished scholars and industry officers from Denmark, South Africa, Japan and Taiwan to share their knowledge and to facilitate the growth of the orchid industry and development of non-ornamental orchid biotechnologies.
We hope to enhance the competitiveness of Taiwan's orchid industry
by maintaining the value of orchids as ornamental plants as well as the
aspiration from the significant applications for non-ornament orchids.
8:30~9:00 Registration
09:00~09:10
Opening remark
Prof. Po-Wu Gean (Dean, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, NCKU)
(簡伯武 院長 ) (Associate Director of Life Sciences Research promoting Center, MOST)
Prof. Ming-Jer Tsai (Associate Dean, College of Bioresources & Agriculture, NTU) (蔡明哲副院長)
09:10~09:15 Award Ceremony for AOS / AOS 頒獎 American Orchid Society (美國蘭藝協會) Section I Moderator: Dr. Wen-Chieh Tsai
09:15~10:05 Prof. Birger Lindberg Møller
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Vanillin Formation from Ferulic Acid in Vanilla planifolia Is Catalysed by a Single Enzyme Localized in Senescent Chloroplasts
10:05~10:40 Mr. Masatomo Miyazato
Okinawa Churashima Farm Inc, Japan
The Current Situation and Issues of Vanilla Cultivation in Okinawa, Japan
10:40~11:00 Coffee break
Section II Moderator: Dr. Wen-Huei Chen
11:00 ~11:30
Dr. Chih-Hsin Yeh (葉志新)
(Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan) (行政院農業委員會 桃園區農業改良場)
Overview of Taiwan's Vanilla Research and Development
11:30~12:00
Prof. Yun-Lian Lin (林雲蓮)
(China Medical University, Taiwan) (中國醫藥大學 中國藥學暨中藥資源學系)
Drug Lead Development from Orchiaceous Medicinal plants 12:00~13:30 Lunch
Section III Moderator: Dr. Hong-Hwa Chen
13:30~14:10
Dr. Tomohisa Yukawa
(National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo / Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Japan)
Mycohetrotrophic Orchids as Potential Genetic Resources
14:10~14:40
Dr. Chi-Luan Wen (文紀鑾)
(Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan) (農委會種苗改良繁殖場)
A New Medicinal Dendrobium- Breeding, Functional Assay and Chemical Composition 14:40~15:20 Coffee break
Section IV Moderator: Dr. Hong-Hwa Chen 15:20~15:50 Mr. Michael Tibbs
American Orchid Society / Flamingo Horticulture
A Look at African Orchids and Other Plants Used in Traditional Medicine and Their Remedies
15:50~16:50 Round Table Discussion 16:50 Closing Remark
November 12, 2019
Dr. Birger Lindberg MØ LLER
Professor, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and
Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is
catalysed by a single enzyme localized in senescent chloroplasts
Vanillin is a popular and valuable flavour compound. It is the key constituent of the natural vanilla flavour obtained from cured vanilla pods. A single hydratase/lyase type enzyme designated vanillin synthase (VpVAN) catalyses direct conversion of ferulic acid and its glucoside into vanillin and its glucoside, respectively. The enzyme shows high sequence similarity to cysteine proteinases and is specific to the substitution pattern at the aromatic ring and does not metabolize caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid as demonstrated by coupled transcription/translation assays. VpVAN is highly expressed in the inner light green mesocarp of the vanilla pod and the VpVAN enzyme is localized in senescent chloroplasts or fully re-differentiated chloroplasts termed phenyloplasts, that are formed during pod maturation and are the site of vanillin glucoside accumulation at molar concentrations. In the developing pod, VpVAN is present as the mature form (25 kDa) but, depending on the tissue and isolation procedure, small amounts of the immature unprocessed form (40 kDa) and putative oligomers (50, 75 and 100 kDa) may be observed by immunoblotting using an antibody specific to the C-terminal sequence of VpVAN. Isolated chloroplasts were shown to convert administered [14C]phenylalanine and [14C]cinnamic acid into [14C]vanillin glucoside, indicating that the entire vanillin de novo biosynthetic machinery converting phenylalanine to vanillin glucoside is operating in the chloroplast. Transient expression of VpVAN in tobacco and stable expression in barley in combination with the action of endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases and UDP- glucosyltransferases result in vanillyl alcohol glucoside formation from endogenous ferulic acid. A gene encoding an enzyme showing 71% sequence identity to VpVAN was identified in another vanillin-producing plant species Glechoma hederacea and was also shown to be a vanillin synthase as demonstrated by transient expression in tobacco.
Dr. Masatomo MIYAZATO
Executive Director, Okinawa Churashima Farm Inc, Okinawa, Japan.
The Current Situation and Issues of Vanilla Cultivation in Okinawa, Japan
Vanilla cultivation in Japan is found in Okinawa, Fukuoka, Miyazaki, Hokkaido, etc. And it is likely that Okinawa has the most production volume compared to other prefectures.In recent years, Vanilla’s been attracting more growers of Okinawa, which is the only prefecture in Japan that belongs to the subtropical climate zone, and is warm throughout the year with the average temperature of 23 ℃ .
On the other hand, commercial Vanilla growers in Okinawa must prepare for frequently approaching typhoons, as well as shading in summer and coating in winter. Flowering of vanilla highly depends on weather. The number of blossom is reduced under high humidity. Also, Vanilla flowers are open only in the morning, and closed in the afternoon that limits timing of pollination. Moreover, climate change after rainy season can cause dropping of beans. So it is still necessary for growers in Okinawa to improve cultivation techniques as well as to select variety of high productivity that fits the environment, and to establish own curing technique.
By the way, quantity and price of Japan’s Vanilla import during 2013 was 135,069Kg, 782,232,000yen (5,800yen/1Kg) respectively, and it was 71,472Kg, 4,238,054,000yen (59,300yen/1Kg) during 2018. The total price was increased about 5 times, and a per-unit price was jumped about tenfold. It is said that the disaster by cyclone had caused production shortage. Determining the fair price for Vanilla beans is a remaining issue.
Dr. Chih-Hsin YEH (葉志新)
Associate Researcher, Taoyuan District
Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan,
Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Overview of Taiwan's Vanilla Research and Development
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia, Andrews.) is a climbing orchid native to Mexico and Central America. The major compound, vanillin, is the most preferred flavoring whose pods are applied to food, beverage and perfume industry widely. Madagascar produces about 80% of the world’s vanilla. Since 2015, the wholesale price of vanilla pods have risen nearly 500 percen, because of growing global demand for healthy, natural ingredients and cyclones, drought and crop-theft have hit the country of Madagascar and Indonesia in recent years. At present, farmers are starting to grow vanilla, there are already 15 hectares in Taiwan. Because of the importance and potential of vanilla, we present the situation of Vanilla cultivated in the north of Taiwan. Our study investigated the different stage of capsule growth and glucovanillin accumulation, and we also observed the seeds germination of vanilla capsule at 4, 6, 8 , 10 and 12 WAP with aseptic seeding method. The results indicate that the pollen tube can reach the embryo sac at about 4 WAP . We infer that the ovule have been fertilized at 4 WAP on account of the seeds’ germination.
The highest germination ratio of vanilla seeds was 10% at 6 WAP and drop down since 8 WAP significantly. The capsules' length and diameter can grow over 19 cm and 11 mm after 5 WAP separately. In other words, vanilla capsule develops into its maximum size After 5 WAP. The weight of glucovanillin had reached 2.66%, 4.68%, 5.88%, 6.35%, and 7.31% of dry weight since pollinated after week 24, 30, 34, 38 and 42. According to the results, the proposed vanilla harvesting strategy in northern Taiwan is to harvest vanilla capsules after pollination for more than 38 weeks.
Dr. Yun-Lian Lin (林雲蓮)
Professor, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese
MedicineResources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Drug lead development from Orchiaceous medicinal plants
Orchidaceous plants have long been paid much attention not only on the conservation and cultivation for their high economic value, but also the diversity in their chemical constituents and medicinal usages. In the past 50 years, many kinds of compounds have been discovered and described to have various bioactivities such as alkaloids, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, phenolic glycosides, sesquiterpenoids, stilbenes, polysaccharides etc. with the activities of eye-protection, anticancer, anti- inflammation, antipsychosis, immuno-regulation, anti-aging, antioxidant etc. Our work has focused on the phytochemistry and bioactivities of some medicinal plants
－Bletilla formosana, Dendrobium sp, Ephemerantha ionchophylla, Gastrodia elata and Spiranthes sinenesis, Of them, the project began with G. elata resulted in neuroprotective constituents to be found and synthesized, and provided leads for next generation of drug design for neurodegenerative diseases will be presented.
Dr. Tomohisa YUKAWA
Director, Division of Plant Diversity and Conservation, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Mycohetrotrophic orchids as potential genetic resources
Mycoheterotrophy is a unique nutritional adaptation in which plants depend upon nutrition from their symbiotic fungi and exist as parasites. So far, about 580 species in 12 families of land plants represent mycohetrotrophy. Among them, 295 species belong to Orchidaceae; thus orchids show substantial diversity of mycohetrotrophic plants. So far, Gastrodia elata has been regarded as the only important genetic resource in this category of plants. However, other mycohetrotrophic orchids are also expected to produce various bioactive substances to control associating fungi because mycohetrotrophic orchids
“battle” and “eat” intracellular fungal hyphae. Further, we may discover novel symbiotic interactions because most of fungal partners of mycohetrotrophic orchids are phylogenetically divergent from mycorrhizal fungi in other plants.
The other interesting characteristic in many MH orchids is the shortening of the life cycle and free flowering. This feature can be useful both for breeding programs and development of model plants because one of the general characteristics of orchids is a long life cycle, completing more than five years.
In this presentation, we will introduce several unique biological properties of mycohetrotrophic orchids potentially applicable to biotechnology. Moreover, a simple culture system of a mycohetrotrophic orchid Gatrodia pubilabiata and a breeding line between autotrophic and mycohetrotrophic Cymbidium species, both of which can serve as a model system for physiological and molecular studies of fungal symbiosis of orchids, will be presented.
Dr. Chi-Luan Wen (文紀鑾)
Manager of Reproductive Technology Division, Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan.
A new medicinal dendrobium- Breeding, functional assay and chemical composition
Herba dendrobii (Shi-Hu), a medical orchid, and a prized Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), Dendrobium(Orchidaceae) the genus is represented by about 1100 species of herbal plant, which are mainly distributed in the southwestern distributed throughout Asia, Europe and Australia. Dendrobium plants have been reported as containing polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. The stems of several dendrobium species are used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, fever, chronic atrophic gastritis, and skin aging diseases
The present study was aimed to investigate, collection and interspecific hybridization of medicinal dendrobium plants from Taiwan and China. In the collection were included D. linawianum, D. huoshanense, D. nobile, D. moniliforme D.
candidum, D. fimbriatum, D. tosaense and Flickingeria albopurpurea, then cultured in vitro and in vivo. DTT (♀D. nobile×♂D. tosaense) and DCT (♀D. nobile×♂D.
moniliforme) are two new and promising medicinal dendrobium derived from breeding activities of the Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station (TSIPS).
In dry eyesyndrome, showed that water extracts were more effective in prevention against corneal damages after UVB exposure. The tear volume and tear film breakup time were both significantly improved, with the ocular surface damages reduced. The effective dose was between 50 and 100 mg per kilogram of body weight.
Finally, we mainly focused to identify effective fractions of water extracts of DTT which responsible for the protecting muscle cells from atrophy induced by cachexia or bleomycin. In the in vitro model, the water fraction of DTT water extracts protected the differentiation of muscle cells against bleomycin while both 50% EtOH and 95%
EtOH fraction of DTT water extracts showed no protective effects against bleomycin.
In tumor model, we showed that the cachexia-induced muscle loss was recovered by the treatment with water, 50% EtOH and 95% EtOH fraction of DTT water extracts, which was different from the results of in vitro model, suggested that the water fraction of DTT water extracts might directly act in muscle cells to against atrophy.
Mr. Michael TIBBS
American Orchid Society / Flamingo Horticulture
A look at African orchids and other plants used in Traditional Medicine and their remedies.
A recent review of African orchids and plants used in the traditional medicine trade and the effects on conservation.
Traditional medicine healers as opposed to 'witch doctors' and conmen purporting to be traditional healers.
The presentation will also look at poverty and the illegal trade in orchids as foodstuffs.
