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口腔病理科 On-Line KMU Student Bulletin

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原文題目(出處): Cutaneous Cysts of the Head and Neck J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:52-7.

原文作者姓名: Taiseer Hussain Al-Khateeb, Nidal M. Al-Masri, Firas Al-Zoubi

通訊作者學校: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Jordan University of Science & Technology

報告者姓名(組別): Intern L 楊冠恒 報告日期: 2008/02/13 內文:

S u m m a r y z Cutaneous Cysts在頭頸部好發的

1. 種類: 1. Epidermoid cyst (49%) 2. Pilar cysts (27%) 3.Dermoid cysts (22%).

2. 部位: Scalp (34%) ,其中 pilar cysts佔 (69%).

3. 男女比: 49:51 4. 年齡:

甲、 Dermoid cysts: 10~20歲

乙、 Epidermoid and pilar cysts: 30~40歲

z 在Neck, Cheeks , Periauricular area, Nasal area 最常發現 Epidermoid cyst, 發生率分別為68%,77%, 70%, 55%.

z Periorbital area最常發生Dermoid cyst(52%).

z 大部分可藉除手術切除而消失。

I n t r o d u c t i o n

1. 最常見的 Cutaneous cysts是皮膚遺留物造成的 retention cyst,我們稱之為 sebaceous cyst 、epidermal cyst 或 trichilemmal (pilar) cyst.

2. 約有1~7%的機會在頭頸部發生Cutaneous Cysts,但是只有0.01%機會在口腔 發現Cutaneous Cyst.

3. Epidermoid cyst: cystic enclosure of epithelium within the dermis 充滿keratin and lipid-rich debris.

4. Pilar cyst :常發生在中年女性頭皮上,外型為multiple smooth, firm,

dome-shaped nodules,切片下可發現由增厚的鱗狀上皮細胞包圍,內部通常 可發現鈣化、角質和Cholesterol Clefts,有點像頭髮的毛囊有外層的palisaded outer layer和內層的corrugated layer。

5. Dermoid cyst:好發在年輕人身上,為封閉性的,在內部常可發現 pilosebaceous的結構。

P a t i e n t s a n d M e t h o d s

從Department of Pathology at Jordan University of Science and Technology獲 得資料,共獲得北約旦將近4個省、30%人口的資料。 從1991到2002年間共有488 個case,個別紀錄年紀、性別、病灶位址、種類、臨床的表現方式和治療步驟。

R e s u l t s 1. Type and Site

Epidermoid Pilar Dermoid Hydrocystoma Hydatid Total Periauricular 31(70%) 2(5%) 11(25%) 0 0 44(9%)

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口腔病理科 On-Line KMU Student Bulletin

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Cheek 61(77%) 9(11%) 9(11%) 0 0 79(16%) Neck 59(68%) 3(3%) 21(24%) 1(1%) 3(3%) 87(18%) Nasal

complex

17(55%) 4(13%) 9(29%) 1(3%) 0 31(6%)

Periorbital 35(42%) 3(4%) 43(52%) 2(2%) 0 83(17%) Scalp 34(21%) 113(69%) 16(10%) 1(1%) 0 164(34%) Total 237(49%) 134(27%) 19(22%) 5(1%) 3(1%)

2. Age and Gender

Number Mean Age Gender ( male% : female% ) Epidermoid 237 (49%) 28.3 42 58

Pilar 134 (27%) 37.9 69 31

Dermoid 109 (22%) 17.9 49 60

Hidrocystoma 5 (1%) 49.4 3 2

Hydatid 3 (1%) 30.1 3 0

Total 488 (100%) 51 49

3. Clincal presentation

幾乎Chief complain都是有一個腫脹。其中有2.5%的病人有疼痛感。

約4.7%的病人會被誤診。

約2.5%的病人有感染現象。

有48個case的病人在被發現有giant cell的反應。

4. Treatment

Small:沿著cyst底部切除。

Deep:沿著皮膚的axis做個橢圓形的切線,先將cyst decompression後取 出。

有些dermoid 和pilar cyst會沿著皮膚的壓力張線或是髮際線來切開。

如果在sublingual會從submental劃刀橫越下顎將之切除。

在deep fascia以內的會使用blunt dissection切除。

D i s c u s s i o n

1. 頭頸部最常感染cutaneous cyst的部位依序為:scalp, neck, periorbital, cheeks, periauricular, nasal area.

2. Epidermoid cyst是最常發現的cutaneous cyst,約有79%,但在全身的頭頸部 又只佔其7%,而口腔內發生的機率又只有1.6%。

3. Dermoid cyst比較常被認為是人體發展時的遺留物,在本次研究中

periauricular比較常被發現。Thyroglossal duct cyst也是一種dermoid cyst,

長在17歲左右被發現,容易載人類的正中現被發現。

本次研究中約有8.3%的dermoid cyst是在口底被發現,通常長在 mylohyoid muscle上面,有時候cyst長大會造成下顎或是口底腫大,甚 至阻礙進食、發音、呼吸,就有必要將之切除。

4. Scalp上面最常發現的是pilar cysts,這種cyst在切除的時候要很小心,建議在 手術前拍攝CT看cyst是否往顱內extension。

Periorbital最常發現的是dermoid cyst,分為exophylic和endophylic兩種,

exophylic通常往外長在孩童期就會被發現,但是endophylic的會往內生長,

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口腔病理科 On-Line KMU Student Bulletin

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通常會比較大之後才被發現。

5. Nasal area(包括前額)最常發現的是epidermoid cyst,而甚至有27.5%往顱內 生長的趨勢,故在手術前最好拍攝CT。

6. 約有2.5%有infection,和許多的學者的研究大相逕庭。但是在某個研究中指 出,庸2/3的dermal cyst有慢性感染和inflammation的情形。

7. 手術者通常很容易發現一個cutaneous cyst裡面裝滿creamy fluid而確定其是 cutaneous cyst,跳過顯微鏡的檢查;但有時候其和basal cell carcinoma 或 pilomatrix carcinoma卻非常相似,所以在檢查時,要注意表現類似的 diagnosis以免誤判。

題號 題目

1 下列何種囊腫之病理檢查最易於內襯上皮發現纖毛?

(A) 牙齦囊腫(gingival cyst)

(B) 齒源性角化囊腫(odontogenic kerato cyst) (C) 表皮樣囊腫(epidermoid cyst)

(D) 線體齒源性囊腫(grandular odontogenic cyst) 答案( D) 出處:九四年第二次高等考試試題詳解

題號 題目

2 “sections reveals a cyst lined by thin stratified squamous epithelium with focal thickening of the lining epithelium. Minimal

inflammation is present. ”請問這份病理報告在描述下列何種疾病 最恰當?

(A) Brachial cleft cyst

(B) Odontogenic keratocyst (C) Thyroglossal duct cyst (D) Lateral periodontal cyst

答案(D) 出處:九五年第二次高考口腔病理科第二十七條

參考文獻

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