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True color image strganography using palette and minimun spanning tree 林泓任、陳永福

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True color image strganography using palette and minimun spanning tree 林泓任、陳永福

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Steganography is an application of data hiding which can attain camouflage and increase security by embedding the secret message into digital media for sending to the receiver without leaking to the third party. Several proposed methods which construct stego image by embedding the secret message into the color palette. The person who receives the stego image can extract the secret message from the palette obtained by the received image. This method, however, greatly degrades the quality of the stego image and tends to arouse the intention of the intruders. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing stego images with high quality which greatly eliminate the above problem. The advantage of the proposed method is that the image quality is highly improved by accompanying with improvement of security and camouflage of the secret message. In order to avoid the intruder to attack the generated palette when transmission, the sender does not need to send the palette to the receiver directly, but instead asking the receiver to own a copy of the original secret image or obtain one when needed for extracting the secret message. Fortunately, there are several image pools which contain a lot of images allowing to be accessed by the public. One can only send the stego image to the receiver who can obtain the secret image from the Internet or from his own computer. The experimental results show that our method outperforms EZ stego and the methods proposed by Fridrich and Wu et al.

Keywords : steganography ; Palette ; data hiding

Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權頁...iii 中文摘要...iv 英文摘

要...v 誌 謝...vi 目錄...vii 圖目錄...viii 表目錄...x Chapetr 1.

INTRODUCTION...1 1-1 Motivation and goal...2 1-2 Organization of this thesis...3 Chapter 2. RELATED WORKS...5 2-1 Reversible data hiding and lossless reconstruction...5 2-2 Application with high capacity and image quality...6 2-3. Palette-based

steganography...8 Chapetr 3. THE PROPOSED METHOD...11 3-1. Palette

training...12 3-2. Construction of minimum spanning tree...15 3-3. Determination of bit values for nodes of each level...19 3-4. Embedding secret message into cover image...20 3-5. Extracting the secret message from the stego image...21 Chapetr 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS...22 Chapetr 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION...31 REFERENCES...33

REFERENCES

[1] C. L. Tsai, H. F. Chiang, K. C. Fan, C. D. Chung. “Reversible data hiding and lossless reconstruction of binary images using pair-wise logical computation mechanism”. Pattern Recognition 38, pp. 1993–2006, 2005.

[2] J. Fridrich. “A new steganographic method for palette-based images”. IS&T PICS, Savannah, Georgia, 25–28, pp. 285–289, April 1999.

[3] R. Machado. “EZ Stego, Stego Online, Stego”. Available from .

[4] M. Y. Wu, Y. K. Ho, J. H. Lee. “An iterative method of palette-based image steganography”. Pattern Recognition Letters 25, pp. 301-309, 2004.

[5] G. Brisbane, R. Safavi-Naini, P. Ogunbona. “High-capacity steganography using a shared colour palette”. IEE Proc.-Vis. Images Singnal Process., Vol. 152, No. 6, December 2005.

[6] K. Solanki, N. Jacobsen, U. Madhow, B. S. Manjunath, S. Chandrasekaran. “Robust Image-Adaptive Data Hiding Using Erasure and Error Correction”. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Vol. 13 No. 12 December 2004.

[7] D. S. Yeung, X. Z. Wang. “Improving Performance of Similarity-Based Clustering by Feature Weight Learning”. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.24, No.4, April 2002 [8] X. H. Wang , Y. Wang , L. Wang. “Improving fuzzy c-means clustering based on feature-weight learning”. Pattern Recognition Letters 25, pp. 1123-1132, 2004.

[9] S. Theodoridis, K. Koutroumbas. “Pattern Recognition 2nd. Ed.”, San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

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[10] J. W. Han, M. Kamber. “Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques”. Morgan Kaufmann [11] T. Seppannen, K. Makela, A. Keskinarkaus.

“Hiding information in color images using small color palettes”. Proc. Information Security, Third Int. Workshop, ISW, pp. 69–81, December 2000.

[12] T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, C. Stein. “Introduction to Algorithms 2nd Ed.”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

[13] B. Zhou, J. Shen, O. Peng. “An adjustable algorithm for color quantization”. Pattern Recognition Letters 25, pp. 1787–1797, 2004.

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