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綠殭菌與木黴菌之劑型配方研究 簡年佑、謝建元

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綠殭菌與木黴菌之劑型配方研究 簡年佑、謝建元

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本文乃針對綠殭菌(Nomuraea rileyi)及木黴菌(Trichoderma virens)之劑型配方加以研究探討,主要克服微生物製劑在保存期 間菌體活性的穩定度,以及減緩紫外線對孢子之殺傷力。在綠殭菌劑型方面,將回收之分生孢子以35℃、1hr加熱處理後

,懸浮於含有1%葡萄糖之沙拉油中,此劑型配方在冷藏條件(8±1℃)下具有最佳保存效果,保存3~6個月之發芽率,僅 由63%降為46%,其對三齡期甜菜夜蛾幼蟲(Spodoptera exigua)致死率仍有63.3%;而無製劑保存之孢子粉,發芽率於保存5 個月已降至4%。若將新鮮孢子油劑添加0.5%氧化鋅,經30Lux紫外光照射30min後,孢子活性仍有74%,其對三齡期甜菜 夜蛾幼蟲致死率達80%,而無劑型之孢子粉活性已趨於零。 在木黴菌劑型方面,最佳保存配方是將分生孢子經35℃加 熱1hr後,懸浮於含有1%蔗糖之沙拉油中,在冷藏條件下保存6個月,發芽率仍可維持51%,而無劑型之孢子粉發芽率僅 剩23%。此外,在孢子油劑中添加0.5%氧化鋅,經30Lux紫外光照射120min,其孢子發芽率仍達41%,而無劑型之孢子粉 發芽率已趨於零。

關鍵詞 : 綠殭菌 ; 木黴菌 ; 劑型配方

目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書...iii 中文摘要...v 英文摘

要...vi 誌謝...viii 目錄...ix 圖目

錄...x 表目錄...ix 第一章 前言...1 第二章  文獻回顧...3 2.1劑型配方之種類及其重要性...3 2.2研發微生物製劑所應具備之條 件...4 2.3影響製劑穩定性之因素...6 2.3.1填料...7 2.3.2儲藏溫 度...9 2.3.3含水量...9 2.3.4孢子儲存濃度...10 2.3.5包裝 條件...11 2.3.6界面活性劑...11 2.3.7抗氧化劑...12 2.3.8 添加促進發芽的營養物...12 2.3.9紫外線保護劑...12 2.4環境因素對微生物劑型之影 響...14 2.4.1物理因素...15 2.4.2化學因素...17 2.4.3生物因 素...18 第三章 材料與方法...20 3.1試驗菌種...20 3.2實驗 設備...20 3.3試藥...21 3.3.1綠殭菌之培養基...21 3.3.2 木黴菌之培養基...21 3.3.3界面活性劑...22 3.3.4惰性填充

物...22 3.3.5紫外線保護劑...22 3.3.6其他添加物...23 3.4固態 培養分生孢子...24 3.4.1培養綠殭菌分生孢子...24 3.4.2培養木黴菌分生孢

子...25 3.5平板製作...26 3.6發芽率之檢測...26 3.7孢子之回 收...26 3.8維持孢子活性之劑型配方...27 3.8.1油基劑...27 3.8.1.1不同溶劑油及孢子保存濃度對活性之 影響...27 3.8.1.2不同加熱溫度及添加物對孢子活性 之 影響...28 3.8.1.3不同水含量對孢子活性之影響  28 3.8.1.4添加抗氧化劑對孢子活性之影響 29 3.8.1.5界面活性劑之選擇     29 3.8.2可濕性粉劑          30 3.8.2.1測定劑型在水中的懸浮率   31 3.8.2.2研磨對於孢子活性之影響  31 3.9添加營養源對孢子發芽之影響     31 3.10最佳保存製劑之生物檢定       32 3.11抗紫外線之劑型配方        33 3.11.1紫外光照射強度(Lux)之測量  33 3.11.2不同紫外光照射強度對孢 子及油劑活 性之影響        33 3.11.3不同保護劑對於孢子抗紫外線之影響 33 3.11.4添加沙拉油對孢子抗紫外線之 影響 34 3.12最適保護劑配方之生物檢定      34 3.13統計分析        35 第四章 結果與討論          36 4.1綠殭菌       36 4.1.1綠殭菌油劑             36 4.1.1.1綠殭菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類對活 性之影響       36 4.1.1.2不同加熱溫度及添加物對綠殭菌油 劑 活性之影響   39 4.1.1.3不同水含量對綠殭菌孢子活性之影響 47 4.1.1.4添加抗氧化劑對綠殭菌油劑活性之影 響           48 4.1.1.5界面活性劑之選擇         52 4.1.2綠殭菌可濕性粉劑         57 4.1.2.1測定劑型在水中之懸浮率     57 4.1.2.2研磨對於綠殭菌孢子活性之影響  57 4.1.3添加營養源對綠殭菌孢子發 芽之影響  59 4.1.4最佳保存製劑之生物檢定      61 4.1.5抗紫外線之劑型配方        64 4.1.5.1不同紫外光 照射強度對綠殭菌孢子及 油劑活性之影響          64 4.1.5.2不同保護劑對於綠殭菌孢子抗紫外線 之影響       64 4.1.5.3添加沙拉油對綠殭菌孢子抗紫外線之 影響        73 4.1.5.4最適抗紫外線配方之生

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物檢定   74 4.2木黴菌       77 4.2.1木黴菌油劑        77 4.2.1.1木黴 菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類對活 性之影響   77 4.2.1.2不同加熱溫度及添加物對木黴菌油劑 活性之影響      80 4.2.1.3不同水含量對木黴菌孢子活性之影響 84 4.2.1.4添加抗氧化劑對木黴菌油劑活性之影 響          88 4.2.2木黴菌可濕性粉劑         91 4.2.2.1測定劑型在水中之懸浮率     91 4.2.2.2研磨對於木黴菌孢子 活性之影響   91 4.2.3添加營養源對木黴菌孢子發芽之影響  94 4.2.4抗紫外線之劑型配方        96 4.2.4.1不同 紫外光照射強度對木黴菌孢子及 油劑活性之影響         96 4.2.4.2不同保護劑對於木黴菌孢子抗紫外線 之影響         99 4.2.4.3添加沙拉油對於木黴菌孢子抗紫外線 之影響        105 第 五章 結論        109 參考文獻           112 附錄一農 藥的劑型形態            120 附錄二碳、氮、氫元素分析表            121 附錄三營養源A成分表            122 附錄四玉米浸粉之成分表          123 附錄五甜菜夜蛾人工飼料配 方            124 附錄六論文口試問題            125 圖目錄 圖4.1儲存溫度對綠殭菌孢子活性之 影響    40 圖4.2室溫下綠殭菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類對活性之影 響  41 圖4.3冷藏下綠殭菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類 對活性之影 響  42 圖4.4室溫下加熱溫度及添加物對綠殭菌油劑活性之影響            45 圖4.5冷藏下加熱溫度及添加物對綠殭菌油劑活性之影響            46 圖4.6室溫下不 同水含量對綠殭菌孢子活性之影響    49 圖4.7冷藏下不同水含量對綠殭菌孢子活性之影響    50 圖4.8添加抗氧化 劑TBHQ對綠殭菌油劑活性之影響  53 圖4.9研磨對於綠殭菌孢子活性之影響     60 圖4.10添加營養源對室溫最佳劑型 之影響      62 圖4.11添加營養源對冷藏最佳劑型之影響      63 圖4.12紫外光照射強度對綠殭菌孢子及油劑活性 之影響 66 圖4.13添加0.1%紫外線保護劑對綠殭菌孢子活性之影響           69 圖4.14添 加0.5%紫外線保護劑對綠殭菌孢子活性之影響           70 圖4.15添加0.1%紫外線保護劑 對綠殭菌孢子油劑活性之 影響           71 圖4.16添加0.5%紫外線保護劑對綠殭菌孢子油劑 活性之 影響          72 圖4.17在30Lux紫外光下添加沙拉油及0.5%氧化鋅對綠 殭菌油劑 活性之影響       75 圖4.18在30Lux紫外光下添加沙拉油及0.5%氧化鋅對綠 殭菌油劑活性之影響       76 圖4.19儲存溫度對木黴菌孢子活性之影響  81 圖4.20室溫下木黴菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類對活性之影 響 82 圖4.21冷藏 下木黴菌孢子儲存濃度與油劑種類對活性之影 響 83 圖4.22室溫下加熱溫度及添加物對木黴菌油劑活性之影響                  85 圖4.23冷藏下加熱溫度及添加物對木黴菌油劑活性之影響                86 圖4.24室溫下不同水含量對木黴菌孢子活性之影響   89 圖4.25冷藏下不同水含量對木黴菌孢子活性之影 響  90 圖4.26添加抗氧化劑TBHQ對木黴菌油劑活性之影響 92 圖4.27研磨對於木黴菌孢子活性之影響    95 圖4.28添加 營養源對室溫最佳劑型之影響    97 圖4.29添加營養源對冷藏最佳劑型之影響    98 圖4.30紫外光照射強度對木黴菌孢 子及油劑活性之影響 100 圖4.31添加0.1%紫外線保護劑對木黴菌孢子活性之影響            101 圖4.32添加0.5%紫外線保護劑對木黴菌孢子活性之影響           102 圖4.33添 加0.1%紫外線保護劑對木黴菌孢子油劑活性之 影響          103 圖4.34添加0.5%紫外線保護 劑對木黴菌孢子油劑活性之 影響          104 圖4.35在30Lux紫外光下添加沙拉油及0.5%氧化 鋅對木 黴菌油劑活性之影響...107 圖4.36在300Lux紫外光下添加沙拉油及0.5%氧化鋅對木 黴菌油劑活性之影 響...108 表目錄 表4.1不同界面活性劑對綠殭菌孢子油劑懸浮率之影響  55 表4.2不同HLB值對綠殭菌孢子油 劑懸浮率之影響    56 表4.3不同界面活性劑對綠殭菌可濕性粉劑懸浮率之影響 58 表4.4綠殭菌製劑配方之生物檢定      65 表4.5綠殭菌抗紫外線配方之生物檢定  78 表4.6不同界面活性劑對木黴菌可濕性粉劑懸浮率之影響 93

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