͔˧၆ቡତᐝତᛈᑕ˧ត̼̝ᇆᜩ
ౘБ! ౘϲ͛! ڒࡌᖳ! ౘᏞ
ލڌࡊԫ̂ጯ֘ዃ̍ր
ၡ! ࢋ
ώ͛ࢋߏӀϡѣࢨ̮৵ڱ̶ֽژଣĂ͔˧၆ቡତᐝତᛈᑕ
˧ត̼̝ᇆᜩĄ̶ژॡĂଳϡ˟ჯπࢬᑕតሀݭĂม̝ତᛈߏӀϡତᛈ̮
৵ֽሀᑢĄଣ̙Тତᛈᗓ̈́ቡͯՄኳĂ၆ତᛈᑕ˧ಞត̼̝ᇆ ᜩĄ̶ژඕڍពϯĂมᑕ˧ಞ̶̝ҶĂځពצቡତᐝ͔̈́˧̝ᇆ ᜩĄ༊ତᛈᗓ̈ٺ2.5 ࢺ Hertz ତᛈܜޘ̝ΗॡĂᄿਬତᛈநኢ̙Гዋϡ
ቡତᐝ̝ତᛈᑕ˧̶ژĄ̂ગᑕ˧̝̂ࣃĂົᐌତᛈᕇତ ܕIRJ ҃ᆧΐĄΩγĂֹϡᇅّሀᇴྵ̝̈ቡͯՄኳĂт PTFEăNylon 66Ă
༊ତᛈᕇତܕIRJ ॡĂ̂ગᑕ˧̂ࣃ̝Ҝཉ˵ົـࢬܑࢬொજĄ ᙯᔣෟĈቡତᐝă͔˧ăତᛈᗓăତᛈᑕ˧Ą
EFFECTS OF TRACTIVE FORCE ON THE WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT STRESS DISTRIBUTION NEAR THE INSULATED RAIL JOINT
Yung-Chuan Chen Li-Wen Chen Chiu- Feng Lin Yung-Yu Chen
Department of Vehicle Engineering
National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung, Taiwan 912, R.O.C.
Key Words: insulated rail joint, tractive force, contact distance, contact stress.
ABSTRACT
In this investigation, the effect of tractive force on the wheel-rail
contact stress near the insulated rail joint (IRJ) was studied using the finite
element method. Contact elements were used to simulate the interaction
between a wheel and a rail. A two-dimensional plane strain model was
used in this study. Numerical simulations were used to explore the effects
of contact distances and materials used to build end posts on the maximum
shear stress distribution in the rail. Numerical results show that the
presence of IRJ and tractive force might significantly affect wheel-rail
contact stress distributions. Results also indicate that the Hertz contact
theory is no longer useful to predict the contact stress if the contact
distance is less than 2.5 times the half Hertz contact length. The maximum
value of maximum shear stress in the rail increases as the contact point
nears the IRJ . A lower Young’s modulus material end post, e.g. PTFE and
Nylon 66, may result in the location of the maximum value of maximum
shear stress moving to the rail surface as the contact point nears the IRJ.
˘ă݈ ֏
ܜங᐀(continuously welded rail)̏జᇃھ۞ֹϡд னଥྻ̝ր˯Ăҭࠎ੨ЪཱིᄫրҋજЕ֘ଠט (ATC)̝҂ณĂેҖЕ֘ઍീ̈́ᕝઍീඈΑਕĂЯѩ
րυื̚ᕝ˘มᅩ(gap)ĂГӀϡቡତᐝֽડ̶
ડมĂٙͽົౄј̝̙ాᜈĄ̝ତᓀ̂ࡗ 5-6mmĂޢГͽቡՄኳщ྅д̝ତᓀ̰Ăၹјٙ
Ꮬቡତᐝ IRJ (insulated rail joint)ĄЯѩ IRJ Җ֘
ֶౕᅮՐ̶јዋ༊ܜޘ̝߱ĂՏ˘߱ӈၹј
˘ౕડม(block)ĂϡͽઍീЕ֘̈́ᕝĄ၁ᅫᒉྻពϯĂ
ତᐝ૱ߏ᎐ຫ̈́ຫᗼᚑࢦ۞г͞Ąඕڍౄј
̙πፋޘ̝ᆧΐĂᇆᜩॠމࢷळ̝නዋّĄCox ̈́ Kerr [1]̝ࡁտĂ༊Е֘གྷ࿅ቡତᐝॡĂ૱ົౄј
ቡତᐝܢܕડા̝ຫᗼĂЯѩౄјჯ࣒̝ϡ̝ᆧ ΐĄቡତᐝ˘ਠߏϤ౦ԍڕ(fishplate)ăቡͯ(end post)ͽ̈́ቡᆸ(insulating layer)ᄃᓲংඈٙၹјĄώ̝͛
ࡁտنர౦ԍڕ̝ᇆᜩĂࢋߏଣቡͯՄኳ၆ତ ᛈᑕ˧ಞត̼̝ᇆᜩĄ
ଥྻ֘ዃϤٺื੨ЪཱིᄫրүిޘአፋĂЯѩ֘
̈́ΐిᐛᓄĄ͛ᚥ˯ѣᙯቡତᐝ̝ଣ࠹༊͌ĂCox ̈́ Kerr[1]അଣቡତᐝٚצݬШྶॡ̝តԛଐԛĂ ඕڍ֭ᄃ՟ѣቡତᐝ̝ͧྵĂᙋ၁ѣቡତᐝ̝
дତᐝតԛྵ̂Ăͷٚצᝈ۞ਕ˧ྵमĄChen ̈́ Kuang[2]ଣቡତᐝ၆ତᛈᑕ˧ត̼̝ᇆᜩĂ
̶ژॡ̙҂ᇋม̝ᇝᑡܼᇴĄࡁտពϯĂมତᛈ ᑕ˧̶̝Ҷצቡତᐝ̝ᇆᜩ࠹༊̂ĄHertz ତᛈநኢ [3] ҋ 1882 ѐజ೩ޢĂಶᇃھ۞జᑕϡдЧତᛈ̝ય ᗟ˯ĄҭߏHertz ତᛈநኢ̙֭҂ᇋତᛈۏវม̝ᇝᑡ
ܼᇴĂͷՄफ़ߏቢᇅّሀёĄᔵHertz ତᛈநኢΞͽ႕
֖̂ొЊ၁ᅫ̝ତᛈયᗟĂҭᔘߏѣొЊ۞ତᛈયᗟĂ Hertz ତᛈநኢڱ႕֖Ă̝ତᛈಶߏ̝̚˘Ąᔵ
ѣᙯมᇝᑡତᛈયᗟ̝ࡁտ࠹༊к[4-15]Ăҭߏѣֱࡁ տ̶ژॡ[4-8]Ăనࢬٚצநኢ Hertz ତᛈᑅ˧Ă҃
̷ቢତᛈᑅ˧నᄃݬШᑅ˧ј̶ּͧҶĄొЊࡁտ [9-15]ߏӀϡ̝ତᛈሀݭֽሀᑢม̝ତᛈĂྶ
ߏүϡٺ͕̄̚ĄҭߏѣᙯቡତᐝܢܕĂ͔
˧̈́ቡͯՄኳ၆ତᛈᑕ˧ಞ̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆᜩĂ͛ᚥ إ࠹ᙯྤफ़Ą
၁ᅫ˯Ăдତᛈડા఼̰૱ົѣᕆ႖ડ(stick region)யϠ[16,17]ĂЯѩม̷ቢତᛈᑅ˧̶̝Ҷ֭ܧ ӮߏᄃݬШତᛈᑅ˧јּͧĄЯѩ၁ᅫม̝ତᛈડ
ાĂΞͽ̶јજડ(slip regions)ᄃᕆ႖ડ[16,17]Ąᇅّ
វႋજତᛈॡĂొЊજ(partial slip)̷ቢତᛈᑅ˧̶̝
ҶĂߏϤCarter [18]ٙ೩ĄXu ̈́ Jiang [19]അӀϡѣࢨ̮
৵ڱֽଣొЊજ̝ႋજତᛈયᗟĂඕڍొ̶જ
ົᇆᜩႋજ͞Ш̝ണᑕ˧ࠤλĂҭ၆ٺคШണᑕ˧̝
ᇆᜩ̙֭̂Ą
P M
R = 425
x
h l
z
6 mm
IRJ
ဦ 1! ତᛈೀңሀݭ
ώࡁտ̝ࢋϫ۞ߏ҂ᇋ͔˧үϡ˭Ăጱม
̝ତᛈડાயϠొЊજன෪ॡĂଣѩొЊજன෪၆ ٺቡତᐝܢܕĂତᛈડાᑕ˧ಞ̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆ ᜩĄ̶ژॡଳϡ˟ჯѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭĂม̝ତᛈߏӀ ϡତᛈ̮৵(contact element)ֽሀᑢĄώࡁտણᇴ̝ଣĂ Β߁̙Т̝ତᛈᗓͽ̈́Epoxy-fiberglassăPTFE ᄃ Nylon 66 ˬቡͯՄኳĄ
˟ăᄿਬତᛈநኢ
ώ ࡁ տ ଳ ϡ ˟ჯ π ࢬ ᑕ ត ሀݭ ֽ ሀ ᑢ ม ̝ ତ ᛈĂ̶ژॡ᐀̶̈́Ҿሀᑢࠎ˘ߗᄃ˘πڕĂт ဦ1 ٙϯĄѣᙯ˟ჯᄿਬତᛈયᗟĂତᛈડા̰ତᛈᑅ˧
̶̝ҶĂॲፂᄿਬତᛈநኢ[3]ΞܑϯࠎĈ
2 / 2 1
1 ) ,
(
− −
=
o
o a
l p x
l x
p (1)
−
− +
+
=
−
2 22 1
12 1 2 1
1 1
1 1 4
E E
R R
ao P ν ν
π (2)
L a p P
o
o π
= 2 (3)
ё ̚ p( lx, )ߏ д ତ ᛈ ડ ા ̰ ݬ Ш ତ ᛈ ᑅ ˧(normal contact pressure)̶̝ҶĂp ߏତᛈડા̰̝̂ତᛈᑅo
˧Ăa ߏ Hertz ତᛈܜޘ̝ΗĂP ߏүϡྶĄRo ăE ͽ̈́
ν ̶Ҿߏତᛈۏវ̝ѡதΗशăᇅّሀᇴ̈́˪ڗͩͧ
(Poisson’s ratio)ĂL дѩࠎಏҜତᛈݓޘĄ˭ᇾ 1 ̈́ 2 ̶Ҿ
ܑ᐀̈́Ąl ࠎତᛈᗓĂؠཌྷࠎؕତᛈᕇҌ IRJ ᄃνᙝࠧࢬม̝ᗓĄॲፂᄿਬତᛈநኢĂତᛈ ડા̰̝ତᛈᑅ˧ߏ၆Ⴭ̶ҶĂͷ̂ତᛈᑅ˧ߏ൴Ϡд
ؕତᛈᕇĄώࡁտ̶ژॡଳ࠹Т̝ՄኳĂࡶ᐀
ΗशR1=RĂΗशR2=∞Ă͞ё(2)Ξᖎ̼ࠎĈ
Slip Stick
N O
d c ao
q (x) q’ (x)
q" (x)
l
ဦ 2! ొЊજॡ̷ቢତᛈᑅ˧̶̝Ҷϯຍဦ
( )
R E ao P1 2
2
4 ν
π
= − (4)
ᙯٺ̝ତᛈĂ༊ତᛈࢬม̝ᇝᑡ˧̈ٺ̂ᐖᇝ ᑡ˧ Pµ ॡĂତᛈડાົ̶ࠎ࣎ડાâࠎજડ(slip region)ĂΩ˘ࠎᕆ႖ડ(stick region)Ą̷ቢତᛈᑅ˧
(tangential contact pressure)̶Ҷ̝ϯຍဦтဦ 2 ٙϯĂѩன ෪Ⴭࠎొ̶જ(partial slip)Ąॲፂ Carter நኢ[18]Ă
ม̷̝ቢତᛈᑅ˧ q(x, l)ΞܑϯࠎĈ
≤
−
≤ +
−
′′
+
′
+
−
≤
−
≤
′ −
=
o o
a l x d c for q q
d c l x a for
q q (5)
ё̚
2 / 2 1
1 ) ,
(
− −
′ =
o
o a
l p x
l x
q µ
(6)
( )
2 1/21 )
,
(
− −
−
−
′′ =
c d l p x
a l c x
q o
o
µ (7)
2 / 1
1
−
= P
Q a
c
o µ (8)
˯ё̚ c ࠎᕆ႖ડા̝ତᛈΗशĂd=ao−cߏ q′ ͕̚Ҍ
q ′′ ͕̝̚ᗓĄࡶม̝ᇝᑡ˧ඈٺ̂ᐖᇝᑡ˧ Pµ
ॡĂᕆ႖ડા̝̂̈ࠎĂܑϯม̝ତᛈࠎԆБ
જ(full slip)Ąµߏม̝ᇝᑡܼᇴĂQ ࠎତᛈࢬ ม̝ᇝᑡ˧̷ٕቢ˧Ą
ˬăѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭᄃ̶ژ͞ڱ
ώࡁտߏӀϡ ABAQUS ֽሀᑢ̶ژ̝ତᛈય ᗟĂଳϡ˟ჯᇅّሀݭĄม̝ତᛈߏଳϡତᛈ̮৵
ဦ 3! ତᛈડાѣࢨ̮৵̝ྎ
(contact element)ֽሀᑢĂତᛈ̮৵Ξͽሀᑢมତᛈડ
ા ̝ ̂ ̈ ̈́ ତ ᛈ ᑅ ˧ ̝ ̶ Ҷ ĄABAQUS ߏ Ӏ ϡ ଂ (master-slave)ᙯֽܼؠཌྷۏវม̝ତᛈĂώࡁտ̶ژॡ
᐀˯Ξਕତᛈ̝ડાؠཌྷࠎଂજ(slave)Ă҃˯Ξ ਕ̝ତᛈડાؠཌྷࠎજ(master)ĄЯѩĂѣࢨ̮৵̶ژ ॡυืࢋАؠཌྷତᛈડા̈́ତᛈ͞ШĄ༊มѣତᛈ ॡĂତᛈ̮৵ӈΞͽۢତᛈડા̰ତᛈҜཉ̶̝ฟౕٕ
ЪĂЯѩΞͽሀᑢତᛈડા̝̂̈Ă֭ࢍზม̝ତ ᛈᑅ˧ĄѩγĂତᛈ̮৵ѣᔖҺଂજІࡍˢજІ̝Α ਕĄЯѩĂࡶ̙ଳϡତᛈ̮৵ੵ˞ڱۢତᛈۏវ̝
ତᛈᑅ˧γĂม˵ົѣࡍˢ̝ன෪Ăᄃ၁ᅫ̙Ąώ ࡁտࢋߏଣତᛈᗓ lĂͽ̈́ቡͯՄኳ၆ቡତᐝܢ ܕડાᑕ˧ಞត̼̝ᇆᜩĂ̶ژ̝ඕڍ֭ᄃHertz ତᛈந ኢͧྵĂଣHertz நኢдቡତᐝܢܕ̝ዋϡቑಛĄ
̶ژॡ᐀Ηश R ଳϡ 425mmĂޘ h ࠎ 172mmĂܜޘࠎ 1600mmĂቡ̝ͯᆵޘࠎ 6mmĄд ѩ ؠ ཌྷ ᄃ ቡ ͯ ν ᙝ ̝ࠧ ࢬ ࠎ ळ ᇾࣧ ᕇ(x=0Ă z=0)Ą̶ژॡүϡٺ᐀͕̝̚ݬШྶ P ࠎ 78400NĂ֭
߉ΐ˘˧ M ٺ᐀˯Ăֽሀᑢ͔˧̝үϡĂֹ
มயϠ̷̝ቢ˧ Q ᄃ̂ᐖᇝᑡ˧ Pµ ̝ͧࣃQ/µPࠎ 0.1Ą᐀ᄃม̝ᇝᑡܼᇴµ నࠎ 0.3Ă֭న
غొؠ̙જĂͷᄃቡͯߏඕЪд˘Ą̶ژॡֻ
ଳϡ˝̙Т̝ତᛈᗓ lĂ̶Ҿࠎ-72ă-48ă-24ă-12ă0ă 12ă24ă48ă72mmĄѣࢨ̮৵̶ژॡଳϡα༼ᕇ̝˟ჯ πࢬᑕត̮৵Ăဦ3 ߏତᛈડાѣࢨ̮৵̝ྎĄϤ ٺ̮৵̝ᇴϫᄃତᛈડા̮৵̝̂̈ົᇆᜩז̶ژ̝ჟቁ ޘĂЯѩ̶ژॡĂࢵАଣ̙Т̮৵̂̈ᄃᇴϫ၆ତᛈᑅ
˧̶Ҷ̝ᇆᜩĂ֭ᄃ Hertz நኢͧྵĂͽቁᄮѣࢨ̮৵ሀ ݭ̝ቁّĄඕڍពϯд՟ѣIRJ ̝ଐڶ˭Ă༊̮৵̝ᇴ ϫࡗࠎ25870 ࣎Ă༼ᕇࡗѣ 26465 ࣎ॡĂ᐀ᄃม̝
ତᛈ̮৵Вѣ360 ࣎Ăତᛈᑅ˧̶̝Ҷᄃ Hertz நኢ̝
ᄱम̈ٺ 5%ĄЯѩώ̶̝͛ژಶͽѩѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭүࠎ
̶ژሀݭĄ
̶ژॡĂ᐀ᄃଳϡ࠹Т̝ՄኳĂ̚ᇅّܼᇴ E ࠎ 210 GPaĂ˪ڗͩͧν ࠎ 0.3Ăቡ̝ͯՄኳ̶Ҿࠎ
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 p/pO
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
IRJ x/aO
l/aO = 3.75 l/aO = 2.50 l/aO = 1.25 l/aO = 0.63 l/aO = 0 HCT
IRJ: Epoxy-fiberglass
ဦ 4! ̙Тତᛈᗓ၆ݬШତᛈᑅ˧̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆᜩ
PTFEăNylon 66 ᄃ Epoxy-fiberglassĄPTFE ̝ᇅّሀᇴࠎ 0.4GPaĂν ࠎ0.46ćNylon 66 ̝ᇅّሀᇴࠎ 1.59GPaĂν ࠎ 0.39ćEpoxy-fiberglass ̝ᇅّሀᇴࠎ 29.7GPaĂνࠎ0.17Ą
αăඕڍᄃኢ
ώࡁտࢋߏଣ̙ТତᛈᗓᄃቡͯՄኳĂ၆
ତᛈડાᑕ˧ಞត̼̝ᇆᜩĄ̶ژඕڍ֭ᄃ Hertz ତᛈ நኢͧྵĂଣHertz நኢдቡତᐝܢܕ̝ዋϡّ̈́ዋ ϡቑಛĄॲፂ͞ё(3)̈́(4)ΞĂତᛈડા̰̝̂ݬ Шତᛈᑅ˧ p0ࠎ2604MPaĂତᛈܜޘ aoࠎ19.17mmĄЯ ѩϤ IRJ ν͞ҌΠ̝͞ତᛈᗓl/aoĂΞܑϯࠎ-2.5ă -1.25ă-0.63ă0ă0.63ă1.25ă2.5 ̈́ 3.75Ąဦ 4 ߏ༊ቡ
ͯՄኳࠎ Epoxy-fiberglass ॡĂ̙Тତᛈᗓ al/ o၆ݬШ ତᛈᑅ˧̶Ҷ̝ᇆᜩĄ̶ژඕڍពϯĂ༊ତᛈᗓᅈᗓIRJ ॡĂݬШତᛈᑅ˧ͧp/p0ᄃHertz நኢ࠹༊ତܕĂ̙צ IRJ ̝ᇆᜩĄЯѩώࡁտٙଳϡ̝ѣࢨ̮৵ሀݭĂᑕΞͽ
ቁ̶ژᑕ˧ಞ̝ត̼ĄϤဦ 4 ΞͽۢĂ༊ତᛈᗓ 5
. 2 /a ≥
l o ॡĂݬШତᛈᑅ˧צIRJ ̝ᇆᜩ࠹༊̈Ą༊
ତᛈᕇତܕቡତᐝॡĂӈ l/ao ≤2.5ĂݬШତᛈᑅ˧
ࣃځពצזቡ̝ͯᇆᜩĂᄃHertz நኢࣃมѣځព̝म ளĄ
Ϥٺ̂ગᑕ˧ߏࢬ൴Ϡ௲ར̝ࣧЯ[20]ĂЯѩώ ࡁտ̶ژଣ༊ତᛈᗓl/aoԼតॡĂ͍ߏତܕIRJ ॡĂม̂ગᑕ˧τmax̝ត̶̼̈́ҶଐԛĄဦ5 ߏ
ቡͯՄኳࠎNylon 66 ॡĂ༊ତᛈᕇӮд IRJ νᙝॡĂ ӈl/ a0=-3.75~0Ă֭҂ᇋ͔˧̝үϡ˭Ă̂ગᑕ˧
po max/
τ ڻz ค̝ត̼ଐԛĂဦ̚၁ቢܑ Hertz ତᛈ நኢቢ[17]Ą͕̚ቢܑд̙҂ᇋ͔˧̈́ IRJ ଐڶ˭Ă
̂ગᑕ˧τmax/po̶̝ҶĄΞͽۢĂ̶Ҷᄃ Hertz நኢቢ࠹༊ତܕĄቢܑϯ༊ତᛈᗓl/ao=-11.06Ă ͷ̙҂ᇋ͔˧̝ᇆᜩॡĂ̂ગᑕ˧τmax/po̶̝
ҶĂΞͽ࠻̂ગᑕ˧̶̝Ҷ̏צזIRJ ̝ᇆᜩĄဦ 5 ̚˵Ξͽ۞ۢĂ༊҂ᇋ͔˧үϡॡĂ̂ગᑕ
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0 τmax/pO
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
z/aO
IRJ: Nylon 66 without traction no IRJ
l/aO = 3.75 l/aO = 2.5 l/aO = 1.25 l/aO = 0 HCT
ဦ 5! IRJ νᙝ̙Тତᛈᗓ၆̂ગᑕ˧̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆᜩ
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0 τmax/pO
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
z/aO
IRJ: Nylon 66 l/aO = 3.75 l/aO = 2.5 l/aO = 1.25 l/aO = 0 HCT
ဦ 6! IRJ Πᙝ̙Тତᛈᗓ၆̂ગᑕ˧̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆᜩ
˧τmax/po̶̝Ҷځពצזมᇝᑡ˧̈́IRJ ̝ᇆᜩĄ ᐌତᛈҜཉດତܕ IRJĂ̂ગᑕ˧τmax/poᄃ Hertz நኢ̝ᄱमಶດ̂Ą༊ତᛈᗓl/ao=0 ॡĂӈ
ତᛈᕇࣣрତᛈдቡͯ/νᙝ̝ତࢬĂτmax/po
̝ࣃ྿0.4Ăྵ Hertz நኢࣃ 0.3 ࡗ 30%ĄЯѩΞ ͽځቁ۞ۢĂ̂ગᑕ˧τmax/po̶̝Ҷځពצ͔˧
̈́IRJ ̝ᇆᜩĄ༊ତᛈҜཉд IRJ ΠᙝॡĂӈ҂ᇋl /ao= 1.25~3.75 ॡĂτmax/po̶̝Ҷтဦ6 ٙϯĄᄃဦ 5 ̝ඕ ڍ࠹ҬĂ༊ତᛈᕇດତܕIRJ ॡĂ̂ગᑕ˧̶̝Ҷצ IRJ
̝ᇆᜩಶດځពĄဦ7 ߏତᛈᗓl/ao= 0 ॡĂˬ̙Т
ቡͯՄኳĂEpoxy-fiberglassăNylon 66 ̈́ PTFEĂ၆̂
ગᑕ˧̶Ҷ̝ᇆᜩĄဦ̚ពϯĂᇅّሀᇴດ̝̂ቡͯĂ ӈEpoxy-fiberglassĂ̂ગᑕ˧τmax/po̶̝ҶᄃHertz நኢࣃม̝ᄱमಶດ̈Ąӈᇅّሀᇴດ̝̂ቡͯĂ၆
ม̂ગᑕ˧̶Ҷ̝ᇆᜩಶດ̈Ąဦ7 ̚˵۞ព ϯĂдତᛈᕇ̝Ҝཉz /ao=0 ॡĂτmax/po̝ͧࣃ
֭՟ѣ˭ࢫҌĂ҃ߏჯд࠹၆̝ࣃĄࣧЯΞਕߏϤ ٺᄃቡͯߏඕЪд˘ĂЯѩ༊ତᛈᕇତᛈז IRJ νࠧ͞ࢬॡĂቡͯצតԛᑟᑅ҃யϠྵ̝̂តԛĂ Яѩౄјତᛈᕇܢܕ̂ગᑕ˧ჯд࠹၆ࣃĄဦ8
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0 τmax/pO
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
z/aO
Epoxy-fiberglass Nylon 66 PTFE HCT l/aO = 0
ဦ 7! ̙ТቡͯՄኳ၆̂ગᑕ˧̶Ҷត̼̝ᇆᜩ
ߏ ଣ ̙ Т ତ ᛈ ᗓ ၆τmax/po ̂ ࣃ Ҝ ཉ ត ̼ ̝ ᇆ ᜩĂဦ̚၁ቢܑ Hertz நኢቢτmax/pôࣃ̝Ҝཉ ߏдz/ao=0.78ĄඕڍពϯĂᅈᗓ IRJ ॡĂˬ̙ТՄኳ
̝ቡͯĂτmax/pôࣃ̝ҜཉᄃநኢࣃӮ࠹༊Ӛ ЪĄᐌତᛈᕇດତܕ IRJĂτmax/pôࣃ̝Ҝཉົ
ດତܕତᛈࢬĄϤဦ8 ΞۢĂ̝Ҝཉߏ൴Ϡд ao
/
l =0Ăz/ao=0.56ĄЯѩĂࡶ IRJ ଳϡᇅّሀᇴດ̈
̝ቡͯĂ༊ତᛈᕇତܕIRJ ॡĂτmax/pôࣃ̝Ҝ ཉົດـܑࢬொજĄ
̣ăඕ! ኢ
ώࡁտࢋߏଣତᛈᗓl /aö́IRJ ̝ቡͯ
ՄኳĂ၆ତᛈᑕ˧ಞត̼̝ᇆᜩĄ˯̶̝ژඕڍĂ Ξͽ˭̝ඕኢĈ
1. ତᛈᗓ l/ao ≥2.5ॡĂତᛈᑅ˧צቡ̝ͯᇆᜩ
࠹༊̈Ą༊ତᛈᕇତܕቡତᐝॡĂତᛈᑅ˧
ࣃځពצזቡ̝ͯᇆᜩĂᄃHertz நኢࣃมѣځព̝
मளĄ
2. ̂ગᑕ˧τmax/po̶̝Ҷځពצม͔˧̈́ IRJ
̝ᇆᜩĂ༊ତᛈᕇତܕIRJ ॡĂτmax/pô̝
ࣃ྿0.4Ăྵ Hertz நኢࣃ 0.3 ࡗ 30%Ą
3. ࡶ IRJ ଳϡᇅّሀᇴດ̝̈ቡͯĂ༊ତᛈᕇତܕ IRJ ॡĂτmax/pô̝ࣃ൴ϠҜཉົـດܑࢬ
ொજĄ
ᄫ! ᔁ
ώࢍ൪ٚᄋ઼ࡊົ۞གྷྃӄ(ࢍထበཱིĈNSC 91- 2212-E-020-005)ĂдѩপᔁԢĄ
ཱི৶͔
a Hertz ତᛈܜޘ̝Η o
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
l/aO
Epoxy-fiberglass Nylon 66 PTFE z/aO
ဦ 8! ̙ТቡͯՄኳ၆τmax/pôࣃҜཉត̼̝ᇆᜩ
c ᕆ႖ડા̝ତᛈΗश
d q′ ͕̚Ҍ q′′ ͕̝̚ᗓ
E ᇅّሀᇴ L ಏҜତᛈݓޘ
l ؕତᛈᕇҌIRJ ᄃνᙝࠧࢬม̝ᗓ M ߉ΐٺ᐀̝˧
P үϡྶ
) , ( lx
p ତᛈડા̰ତᛈᑅ˧̶̝Ҷ p o ତᛈડા̰̝̂ତᛈᑅ˧
Q ม̝ᇝᑡ˧
q′ જડા̝ગᑅ˧̶Ҷ q
q′+ ′′ ᕆ႖ડા̝ગᑅ˧̶Ҷ
R ă1 R ᐀ᄃдତᛈҜཉ̝ѡதΗश 2 ν1ăν2 ˪ڗͩͧ
µ ତᛈۏវ̝ᇝᑡܼᇴ τmax ତᛈ̝̂ગᑅ˧
ણ҂͛ᚥ
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2003 ѐ 06 ͡ 06 ͟! ќቇ 2003 ѐ 07 ͡ 10 ͟! ܐᆶ 2003 ѐ 08 ͡ 21 ͟! ኑᆶ 2003 ѐ 10 ͡ 03 ͟! ତצ
