107 年 度 英 文 科 指 定 科 目 考 試 試 卷
______年 ______班 學號__________ 姓名____________
總 分
第壹部分：選擇題（占 72 分）
一、詞彙題（占 10 分）
說明︰第1題至第10題，每題有4個選項，其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選 擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
( ) 1. Gorillas have often been portrayed as a fearful animal, but in truth these shy apes ______ fight over sex, food, or territory.
(A) constantly (B) shortly (C) nearly (D) rarely
( ) 2. With her nine-to-five job, Sally sometimes has to run personal ______ during the lunch break, such as going to the bank or mailing letters.
(A) affairs (B) errands (C) belongings (D) connections
( ) 3. After an argument with the parents of his students, the teacher finally admitted his mistake and ______ himself to ask for their forgiveness.
(A) resisted (B) humbled (C) detected (D) handled
( ) 4. Instead of criticizing other people, we should focus on their strengths and give them ______.
(A) compliments (B) compromises (C) convictions (D) confessions
( ) 5. Taking advantage of a special function of the search engine, users can ______ the Internet without leaving behind any history of the webpages they visit.
(A) browse (B) stride (C) rumble (D) conceal
( ) 6. Due to extremely low rainfall and a dangerous reduction of reservoir water, the area is experiencing the worst ______ in 30 years.
(A) fluid (B) scandal (C) drought (D) nuisance
( ) 7. On Teachers’ Day we pay ______ to Confucius for his contribution to the philosophy of education.
(A) consent (B) tribute (C) devotion (D) preference
( ) 8. When the fire fighter walked out of the burning house with the crying baby in his arms, he was ______ as a hero by the crowd.
(A) previewed (B) cautioned (C) doomed (D) hailed
( ) 9. Due to the worldwide recession, the World Bank’s forecast for next year’s global economic growth is ______.
(A) keen (B) mild (C) grim (D) foul
( ) 10. Jeffery has always been a ______ person, so it’s not surprising he got into an argument with his colleagues.
(A) respective (B) preventive (C) contagious (D) quarrelsome
二、綜合測驗（占 10 分）
說明︰第11題至第20題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之「選擇 題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第11至15題為題組
“Keeping up with the Joneses” is a catchphrase in many parts of the English-speaking world. Just like
“keeping up appearances,” it refers to the 11 to one’s neighbors as a standard for social status or the accumulation of material goods. Generally speaking, the more luxuries people have, the higher their value or social status—or 12 they believe. To fail to “keep up with the Joneses” is thus perceived as revealing socio-economic inferiority or, as the Chinese would put it, a great loss of face.
The 13 was popularized when a comic strip of the same name was created by cartoonist Arthur R.
“Pop” Momand. The strip was first published in 1916 in the New York World, and ran in American newspapers for 28 years before it was eventually 14 into books, films, and musical comedies. The “Joneses” of the title were rich neighbors of the strip’s main characters and, interestingly, they were merely 15 but never actually seen in person in the comic strip.
( ) 11. (A) reaction (B) attachment (C) similarity (D) comparison
( ) 12. (A) still (B) so (C) yet (D) even
( ) 13. (A) phrase (B) signal (C) material (D) analysis ( ) 14. (A) adapted (B) admitted (C) advanced (D) advised ( ) 15. (A) checked out (B) watched over (C) spoken of (D) traded with
第16至20題為題組
Many people at some point in life have white spots on their fingernails. One of the most common causes for these little white spots is a condition called leukonychia. Although the name sounds pretty serious, the condition typically 16 . And while many people think the white spots are caused by a calcium or zinc deficiency, that’s generally not the case.
In reality, these spots most often develop 17 mild to moderate trauma to your nail. If you can’t think of anything that would have injured your nail, consider the fact that nails grow very slowly, so the injury 18 weeks before the spots ever appeared. The spots could also be a sign of a mild infection or allergy, or a side effect of certain medications.
19 the source of the injury, these spots typically do not require any treatment and should go away as your nail grows out. And they should not return unless you suffer another injury to a nail. However, this generally 20 when only a single or a few nails are affected. If all of your nails are showing white spots, the leukonychia could be related to another more serious condition such as anemia, cardiac disease, diabetes, or kidney disease.
( ) 16. (A) isn’t (B) doesn’t (C) couldn’t (D) wouldn’t ( ) 17. (A) in spite of (B) as a result of (C) to the best of (D) for the sake of ( ) 18. (A) might occur (B) would occur (C) will have occurred (D) may have occurred ( ) 19. (A) Supposing (B) Including (C) Whatever (D) Whether
( ) 20. (A) indicates (B) defines (C) applies (D) confirms
三、文意選填（占10分）
說明：第21題至第30題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的(A)到(L)選項中分別選出最適當者，
並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或
畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第21至30題為題組
Aquaculture is the farming of any aquatic plant or animal. Aquaculture is of great importance because it reduces the possibility of over fishing wild fish, and also improves the quality and increases the 21 of fish for human consumption.
Ancient civilizations throughout the world engaged in different types of fish farming. The indigenous people in Australia are believed to have raised eels as early as 6000 BC. Abundant 22 indicates they developed volcanic floodplains near Lake Condah into channels and dams, then captured eels and preserved them to eat all year round. The earliest records of fish 23 , however, are from China, where the practice was in wide use around 2500 BC. When the waters subsided after river floods, some fish, mainly carp, were 24 in lakes. Early fish farmers then fed their brood using nymphs and silkworm feces, and ate them afterwards.
In Europe, aquaculture first began in ancient Rome. The Romans, who 25 sea fish and oysters, created oyster farms which were similar to swimming pools. Fish and crustaceans (such as shrimps and crabs) caught in lagoons were kept 26 in these pools until it was time to eat them. The farms were often built inside 27 homes, where well-to-do families could invite their guests over and choose the fish they wished to eat. This Roman tradition was later adopted by Christian monasteries in central Europe.
During the Middle Ages, aquaculture 28 in Europe, since far away from the seacoasts and the big rivers, fish had to be salted so they did not rot. Throughout feudal Europe, monastic orders and the aristocracy were the main users of freshwater fish, for they had a 29 over the land, forests, and water courses while the common people could seldom build ponds of their own. As with hunting, 30 fishing was severely punished and the less well-off would have to wait a few centuries before fresh fish was served on their plates.
(A) spread (B) culture (C) trapped (D) adored (E) alive (F) monopoly (G) delicious (H) illegal (I) supply (J) wealthier (K) evidence (L) treated 21. ___________ 22. ___________ 23. ___________ 24. ___________ 25. ___________
26. ___________ 27. ___________ 28. ___________ 29. ___________ 30. ___________
四、篇章結構（占10分）
說明：第31題至第35題，每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的(A)到(F)選項中分別選出最適當者，
填入空格中，使篇章結構清晰有條理，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。
各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第31至35題為題組
The causes of the French Revolution are complex and still widely debated among historians. However, many scholars agree that food played an important role in the socio-political upheaval. 31
A main component in the French daily meal, bread was often tied up with the national identity. Studies show that the average 18th-century French worker spent half his daily wage on bread. In 1788 and 1789, however, when the grain crops failed two years in a row, the price of bread shot up to 88 percent of his earnings.
32 The great majority of the French population was starving. Some even resorted to theft or prostitution to
stay alive.
33 Started in the 15th century, this tax on salt consumption was applied particularly to the poor, while the nobility and the privileged were exempted. The high rate and unequal distribution of the tax provoked widespread illegal dealing in salt by smugglers, leading to skyrocketing salt prices.
However, the royal court at Versailles was isolated from and indifferent to the escalating crisis. The desperate population thus blamed the ruling class for the famine and economic disturbances. 34 The results include the storming of the Bastille, a medieval fortress and prison in Paris, and the eventual beheading of King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette.
35 Yet, the gabelle and the “bread question” remained among the most unsettling social and political issues throughout the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods (1789-1815) and well beyond.
(A) External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution.
(B) With the collapse of the royal family, calm was restored gradually.
(C) Meanwhile, peasants’ resentment against the gabelle was spreading.
(D) The common household could not afford to buy enough food to meet their basic needs.
(E) The anger quickly built up, culminating in the massive riots of the French Revolution in 1789.
(F) Specifically, bread and salt, two most essential elements in the French cuisine, were at the heart of the conflict.
31. ___________ 32. ___________ 33. ___________ 34. ___________ 35. ___________
五、閱讀測驗（占32分）
說明︰第36題至第51題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡之
「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計 算。
第36至39題為題組
Born in 1785 in southwestern Germany, Baron Karl Drais was one of the most creative German inventors of the 19th century. The baron’s numerous inventions include, among others, the earliest typewriter, the meat grinder, a device to record piano music on paper, and two four-wheeled human-powered vehicles. But it was the running machine, the modern ancestor of the bicycle, that made him famous.
The running machine, also called Draisine or hobby horse, was in effect a very primitive bicycle: it had no chains and was propelled by riders pushing off the ground with their feet.
Though not a bike in the modern sense of the word, Drais’ invention marked the big bang for the bicycle’s development. It was the first vehicle with two wheels placed in line. The frame and wheels were made of wood; the steering already resembled a modern handlebar. Drais’ big democratic idea behind his invention was to find a muscle-powered replacement for the horses, which were expensive and consumed lots of food even when not in use. The machine, he believed, would allow large numbers of people faster movement than walking or riding in a coach.
Drais undertook his first documented ride on June 12, 1817, covering a distance of 13 kilometers in one hour. A few months later, Drais created a huge sensation when he rode 60 kilometers in four hours. These were later followed by a marketing trip to Paris, where the hobby horse quickly caught on. The fad also quickly spread to Britain.
The success of the hobby horse was short-lived, though. They were heavy and difficult to ride. Safety was an issue, too: They lacked a brake, as well as cranks and pedals. There were frequent collisions with unsuspecting pedestrians, and after a few years Drais’ invention was banned in many European and American cities. Drais’ ideas, however, did not disappear entirely. Decades later, the machine was equipped by Frenchmen Pierre Lallement and Pierre Michaux with pedals to become the modern bicycle.
( ) 36. Why did Drais invent the running machine?
(A) To prove his creativity as an inventor.
(B) To protect the horses from being abused.
(C) To provide a new gadget for the royal class.
(D) To give the general public a better means of transportation.
( ) 37. What does “marked the big bang” mean in the second paragraph?
(A) Gave out huge noise. (B) Created serious disturbance.
(C) Enjoyed wide popularity. (D) Represented groundbreaking work.
( ) 38. Which of the following descriptions is true about the running machine?
(A) It was equipped with cranks and pedals.
(B) Its wheels and frame were made of iron.
(C) It had a brake to control the speed of its movement.
(D) Its steering was similar to the handlebar of a modern bike.
( ) 39. Why did the hobby horse fail to become a common vehicle in the 19th century?
(A) It was expensive and not durable enough.
(B) It did not go as fast as people had expected.
(C) It was hard to control and dangerous to ride on the road.
(D) It did not receive enough public attention in European cities.
第40至43題為題組
Flickering lamps can induce headaches. But if the flickering happens millions of times a second—far faster than the eye can see or the brain process—then it might be harnessed to do something useful, like transmitting data. This is the idea behind Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity. The term Li-Fi was coined by University of Edinburgh Professor Harald Haas in a 2011 TED Talk, where he introduced the idea of “wireless data from every light.” Today, Li-Fi has developed into a wireless technology that allows data to be sent at high speeds, working with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), an increasingly popular way to illuminate public areas and homes.
Using LED lights as networking devices for data transmission, Li-Fi has several advantages over Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity). First, Li-Fi allows for greater security on local networks, as light cannot penetrate walls or doors, unlike radio waves used in Wi-Fi. As long as transparent materials like glass windows are covered, access to a Li-Fi channel is limited to devices inside the room, ensuring that signals cannot be hacked from remote locations. Also, Li-Fi can operate in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as aircraft cabins, hospitals, and nuclear power plants, for light does not interfere with radio signals. The most significant advantage of Li-Fi is speed. Researchers have achieved speeds of 224 gigabits per second in lab conditions, much faster than Wi-Fi broadband.
How could Li-Fi enrich daily life? Anywhere there is LED lighting, there is an opportunity for Li-Fi enabled applications. Li-Fi-enabled street lights could provide internet access to mobile phones, making walking at night safer. The LED bulbs in traffic lights could provide drivers with weather conditions and traffic
updates. Li-Fi could help with tourism by providing an easier access to local information. At home, smart light could also provide parents with solutions to their children’s Internet addiction: Just turn off the lights and you’ve turned off their access.
When 14 billion light bulbs mean 14 billion potential transmitters of wireless data, a cleaner, a greener, and even a brighter future is on the way.
( ) 40. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) A new design in lighting. (B) Wireless transmission through illumination.
(C) Radio interference in public areas. (D) Potential applications of Li-Fi for military use.
( ) 41. What does “This” in the first paragraph refer to?
(A) Flickering light is a nuisance.
(B) Light flashes can deliver messages.
(C) The brain can be affected by lighting.
(D) Human eyes can perceive changes in light.
( ) 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about Li-Fi?
(A) It passes through concrete walls. (B) It was first introduced in 2011.
(C) It transmits data at high speed. (D) It may help with parenting.
( ) 43. According to the passage, which of the following is an advantage of Li-Fi over Wi-Fi?
(A) Li-Fi can be powered by radio and save more energy.
(B) Li-Fi guides pedestrians in areas where vehicles cannot travel.
(C) Li-Fi provides safer transmission of data during a power failure.
(D) Li-Fi can be used in areas where Wi-Fi may interfere with radar signals.
第44至47題為題組
Some of the world’s largest beetles are getting smaller because their habitats are warming up, according to new research from the University of British Columbia, Canada. The study, published in the
Journal of Animal Ecology
in January 2018, shows that climate change is having an impact on these “teeny tiny”organisms.
The study began with a deep dive into the scientific literature. Evolutionary ecologist Michelle Tseng and her students combed through all the articles they could find, looking for laboratory studies of temperature effects on insects. They found 19 that indicated at least 22 beetle species shrank when raised in warmer than normal temperatures.
To see whether this pattern held true in the wild, the team made use of the university’s 600,000-specimen insect collection, which included thousands of bugs collected locally since the late 1800s. The researchers took photographs of more than 6,500 beetles from the eight species with the most extensive records. They also looked at climate records to determine trends in rainfall and other factors besides temperature. Sorting the beetles into size categories, they found that five of the eight species have shrunk over the past century. The four largest species of beetles, including the snail-killer ground beetles, shrank 20% in the past 45 years. In contrast, smaller beetles were unaffected or even slightly increased in size.
Some ecologists are cautious about Tseng’s findings, saying that it hasn’t yet been proved whether the warming temperatures are the actual cause for the beetle shrinkage. UK biologist Alan Ronan Baudron, however, is convinced. Baudron’s studies have documented shrinkage of certain fish species due to climate warming. His account is that warmer temperatures lower the concentration of oxygen in the water, causing fish
to burn energy faster and mature at a smaller size. But neither he nor Tseng is convinced that decreased oxygen can explain the shrinkage in the beetles.
( ) 44. What is the best title for the passage?
(A) Large Beetles Are Shrinking, Thanks to Climate Change (B) Beetles vs. Fish: Are They Becoming Smaller?
(C) What We Know About Evolutionary Ecology (D) Animal Ecology: Past and Present
( ) 45. What does “a deep dive” most likely mean in the second paragraph?
(A) A clear indication. (B) An important finding.
(C) A thorough examination. (D) An insightful comment.
( ) 46. Which of the following is true about the research method of Tseng’s team?
(A) They conducted both laboratory and field studies.
(B) They took pictures of 600,000 specimens of insects.
(C) They divided the beetles into different size groups for examination.
(D) They recorded the degrees of oxygen concentration since the late 1800s.
( ) 47. Which of the following is a finding of Tseng’s team?
(A) Eight species of beetles have shrunk over the past century.
(B) Some beetles were not affected by temperature change.
(C) Most beetles tend to live longer with climate warming.
(D) Beetles and fish may shrink down to the same size.
第48至51題為題組
In order to protect the diversity of crops from catastrophe, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed bank, was built beneath a mountain on an Arctic island halfway between Norway and the North Pole. The Vault is meant to help farmers and scientists find the genes they need to improve today’s crops. It also aims to breed varieties that might better respond to emerging challenges, such as climate change and population growth.
Currently, the Vault holds more than 860,000 samples, originating from almost every country in the world.
There is now, however, a growing body of opinion that the world’s faith in Svalbard is misplaced. Those who have worked with farmers in the field say that diversity cannot be boxed up and saved in a single container—no matter how secure it may be. Crops are always changing, pests and diseases are always adapting, and global warming will bring additional challenges that remain unforeseen. In a perfect world, the solution would be as diverse and dynamic as plant life itself.
The dispute about how best to save crop diversity centers on whether we should work with communities in the fields or with institutions, since it will be extremely difficult to find enough funding to do both. Now the isolated Svalbard seed vault is sucking up available funding. Yet, the highly centralized approach may not be able to help farmers cope with climate change, fifty or a hundred years from now. According to new research findings, as much as 75 percent of global crop diversity exists outside the big institutional seed banks. Such diversity is held instead by some of the world’s most marginal farmers. Moreover, it is argued with increasing force that seed banks can neither make up for the practical knowledge of farmers on the ground, nor compete with their ingenuity.
( ) 48. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) Seed banks can help farmers improve their crops.
(B) The practice of seed banks requires global cooperation.
(C) The idea of saving crop diversity in seed banks is debatable.
(D) Seed banks are able to deal with challenges of climate change.
( ) 49. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true about the Svalbard Global Seed Vault?
(A) It is using up a lot of the funding.
(B) It is located in the center of Norway.
(C) It aims to fight against gene modified crops.
(D) It holds 75 percent of global crop diversity.
( ) 50. Which of the following is true about the role of farmers in preserving crop variety?
(A) Competing with seed banks. (B) Providing practical knowledge.
(C) Packaging seeds for research. (D) Responding to population growth.
( ) 51. What does “the highly centralized approach” in the third paragraph refer to?
(A) Working with institutions. (B) Working with farmers.
(C) Finding enough crop diversity. (D) Finding sufficient funds.
第貳部分：非選擇題（占 28 分）
說明：本部分共有二大題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題號（一、二），
若因字跡潦草、未標示題號、標錯題號等原因，致評閱人員無法清楚辨識，其後果由考生自行 承擔。作答務必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。
一、中譯英（占8分）
說明：1.請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
2.請依序作答，並標明子題號（1、2）。每題4分，共8分。
1. 快速時尚以速度與低價為特色，讓人們可以用負擔得起的價格買到流行的服飾。
2. 然而，它所鼓勵的「快速消費」卻製造了大量的廢棄物，造成巨大的污染問題。
二、英文作文（占20分）
說明︰1.依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。
2.文長至少120個單詞（words）。
提示：如果你就讀的學校預計辦理一項社區活動，而目前師生初步討論出三個方案：（一）提供社區老 人服務（如送餐、清掃、陪伴等）；（二）舉辦特色市集（如農產、文創、二手商品等）；（三）舉 辦藝文活動（如展出、表演、比賽等）。這三個方案，你會選擇哪一個？請以此為題，寫一篇英 文作文，文長至少120個單詞。文分兩段，第一段說明你的選擇及原因，第二段敘述你認為應該 要有哪些活動內容，並說明設計理由。
試題大剖析
北一女中／黃鈺婷、補教名師／廖柏州 答 案
一、詞彙題
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D 二、綜合測驗
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. C 三、文意選填
21. I 22. K 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. E 27. J 28. A 29. F 30. H 四、篇章結構
31. F 32. D 33. C 34. E 35. B 五、閱讀測驗
36. D 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. A 解 析
第壹部分：選擇題 一、詞彙題
1. 大猩猩常常被描繪成一種可怕嚇人的動物，但事實上這些害羞的猿類極少因交配、食物或地盤而大 打出手。
(A) 無時無刻 (B) 不久後 (C) 將近
(D) 極少
2. 由於她這份朝九晚五的工作，莎莉有時得利用午餐休息時間來辦私人的差事，例如去銀行或寄信。
(A) 風流韻事
(B) 差事（跑腿）
(C) 財物
(D) 關係
3. 在和學生家長爭執過後，這位老師終於承認自己的過錯並低聲下氣請求原諒。
(A) 抵抗 (B) 低聲下氣
(C) 偵測到
(D) 處理
4. 我們應該注重他人的優點並給予讚美，而不是批評他們。
(A) 讚美
(B) 妥協 (C) 定罪
(D) 自白
5. 善加利用這個搜尋引擎的一項特殊功能，使用者就能瀏覽網路而不留下任何造訪網頁的紀錄。
(A) 瀏覽 (B) 闊步走 (C) 隆隆響 (D) 隱藏
6. 由於降雨量極低以及水庫水量降低至危急的程度，這個地區正面臨著三十年來最嚴重的乾旱。
(A) 液體
(B) 醜聞 (C) 乾旱
(D) 麻煩
7. 在教師節這天我們會向孔子致敬，以紀念他對於教育哲學的貢獻。
(A) 同意 (B) 致敬 (C) 奉獻 (D) 偏好
8. 當那位消防員抱著哭泣的嬰兒走出著火的房子時，他被群眾譽為一位英雄。
(A) 預習 (B) 警告
(C) 注定（失敗）
(D) 讚譽
9. 由於全球經濟衰退，世界銀行對於下一年全球經濟成長的預測極不樂觀。
(A) 熱衷的
(B) 溫和的
(C) 很不樂觀的 (D) 骯髒的
10. 傑佛瑞一直是個好爭吵的人，所以他與同事們發生爭執的事並不令人驚訝。
(A) 個別的
(B) 預防的
(C) 會傳染的 (D) 好爭吵的
※各單字中譯後之數字～代表大考中心「高中英文參考詞彙表」的級數。
二、綜合測驗 第11至15題為題組
「趕上瓊斯家」是許多英語國家會用的一句流行語。就如同「維持體面」這個詞一樣，它代表把鄰 居作為社會地位或物質財富積累的比較標準。一般來說，人們有愈多的奢侈品就會有愈高的價值或社會 地位──至少大家是這麼相信的。沒有辦法「趕上瓊斯家」這件事就因此被認為揭露了某人社經地位矮 人一截，或如華人所說的，這是非常丟臉的事。
這個慣用語的流行始於一位卡通畫家Arthur R. “Pop” Momand所創造的同名連環漫畫。這個連環
漫畫在 1916 年首次刊登於《紐約世界報》，並在美國各報連載了 28 年，直到最後被改編為書、電 影與音樂喜劇。標題的「瓊斯家」是漫畫主角們的富鄰居，有趣的是，他們在漫畫中只有被提及而 從未實際現身過。
11. 由前後文可知此處表示與鄰居比較社經地位與財富，故選「比較」。(A) 反應 (B) 依戀 (C) 相似處 (D) 比較
12. 本句表達人們有愈多奢侈品，社會地位就愈高，破折號後補充說明起碼大家是這麼相信的，故選「這 麼」。(A) 仍然 (B) 這麼；如此 (C) 尚未 (D) 就算
13. 此處討論「趕上瓊斯家」用法的出處，故應選「慣用語」。(A) 慣用語 (B) 信號 (C) 材料 (D) 分 14. 析此處說明此連環漫畫很受歡迎，連載28年，最終被改編成其他形式的作品，故應選「改編」。(A) 改
編 (B) 承認 (C) 進步 (D) 建議
15. 此處補充趣聞，雖然「瓊斯家」是漫畫標題的一部分，但實際上在畫作中從未出現過，都是被主角 們提及而已，故應選「提及」。(A) 查看 (B) 守望 (C) 提及 (D) 交易
重要字詞1. catchphrase 流行語 2. accumulation 累積
3. socio-economic inferiority 社經地位低下 4. comic strip 連環漫畫
第16至20題為題組
許多人在生活中有時會發現指甲上出現白點。這些小白點最常見的成因之一是一種稱為甲白斑症的 症狀。雖然這個名稱聽起來很嚴重，但此症狀通常不是大事。而且雖然許多人認為這些白點是缺乏鈣或 鋅所造成的，不過通常並非如此。
事實上，這些斑點最常是由輕微或中度的指甲損傷所造成的。如果你想不起來有任何東西曾傷過你 的指甲的話，想想其實指甲生長得非常緩慢，所以損傷可能早在斑點出現的好幾個星期前就發生了。這 些斑點也有可能是輕微感染或過敏的徵兆，或是使用某些藥物的副作用。
不論受傷的原因為何，這些斑點通常不需要任何治療，且會隨著指甲的生長而消失。而且它們不會 再出現，除非你的指甲又受到損傷。不過，這個原則通常只適用於單一指甲或幾片指甲受影響的狀況。
如果你所有的指甲都出現了白點，這種甲白斑症可能與另一個更嚴重的病症有關，例如貧血、心臟疾病、
糖尿病或是腎臟疾病。
16. 此句表達甲白斑症聽起來很嚴重但實際上不嚴重，亦即“Although the name sounds pretty serious, the condition typically isn’t (serious).”，be動詞後接形容詞，isn’t與前半句的sounds平行。
17. 此處「輕微或中度的指甲損傷」為白點出現的「原因」，故應選「由於」。(A) 儘管 (B) 由於 (C) 盡
全力或就能力所及 (D) 看在……的份上
18. 此處比較兩件事的先後順序，由句意推斷，指甲損傷的時間應早於斑點出現的時間，故「損傷發生」
應用表推測的助動詞may接現在完成式。
19. 此句說明「不管指甲受傷的原因是什麼，通常都不需要治療」，應選(C)。(A) 假如 (B) 包括 (C) 不
論什麼 (D) 是否
20. 由前後文可知，白點不需要任何治療就會自然消失的原則只「適用於」單一或幾片指甲受傷的狀況；
若所有指甲都出現白點，則情況較嚴重。(A) 顯示 (B) 定義 (C) 適用 (D) 確認
重要字詞1. calcium 鈣
2. zinc 鋅
3. deficiency 缺乏 4. trauma 損傷 5. side effect 副作用
三、文意選填 第21至30題為題組
水產養殖就是培育和繁殖任何水生植物或動物。水產養殖非常重要，因為它可以減少過度捕撈野生 魚類的可能性，也能改進魚類的品質並增加供給量以供人類食用。
世界各地的古文明使用不同的魚類養殖方式。澳洲的原住民據說最早從西元前6000年就開始培育鰻
魚了。大量證據顯示他們將Condah湖附近的火山氾濫平原開發為水渠與水壩，然後捕抓鰻魚並保存牠們 以供整年食用。不過，最早的魚類養殖紀錄來自中國，那裡大約西元前2500年左右廣泛進行魚類養殖。
在河水氾濫消退以後，有些魚類，大部分是鯉魚，會被困在湖裡。早期的魚類養殖者會用若蟲和蠶糞來 餵食他們養的魚，之後再把魚吃掉。
在歐洲，水產養殖首先在古羅馬開始。熱愛海魚及牡蠣的古羅馬人建造了類似游泳池的牡蠣養殖 場。在潟湖抓到的魚類和甲殼類（如蝦、蟹）就養在這種池中維持生命，時機到了再吃掉牠們。這些魚 池通常被建在比較有錢的家裡，富裕的家庭就可以邀請他們的賓客來家中，並挑選想吃的魚。這個羅馬 傳統後來還被歐洲中部的基督教修道院採用。
在中世紀，水產養殖的作法在歐洲廣為流傳，因為遠離海岸和大河，魚類必須用鹽醃漬以避免腐敗。
在整個封建歐洲裡，修士會與貴族是淡水魚的主要食用者，因為他們獨占了陸地、森林、以及水道的資 源，而一般平民很少有能力建立自己的魚池。就如同打獵一樣，非法捕魚會受到嚴重懲罰，而較不富裕 的人們則要等到幾個世紀之後，才能夠在餐盤上見到新鮮魚類的菜色。
21. 本格應填入名詞，由文意可知水產養殖可以提升魚類的「供給量」以供食用，故應選「供給；供給 量」(supply)。
22. 空格前面是形容詞abundant，後面是動詞indicates，故可推知本格應填入名詞。前一句提到澳洲原住 民西元前6000年就開始培育鰻魚，而本句提出證據說明，應選「證據」(evidence)。
23. 本文主題為aquaculture（水產養殖），可知culture於此文中特指培養、養殖之意，而此處特指最早的 魚類養殖紀錄，故應選「養殖」(culture)。
24. 此處表示魚被困在湖中，採被動語態，應選過去分詞「（被）困住、抓住」(trapped)。
25. 本句為非限定形容詞子句，在who後面接動詞表示「羅馬人熱愛海魚和牡蠣」，應選動詞過去式「熱 愛」(adored)。
26. 被抓到的魚類及甲殼類生物為延長其生命而被養在池水中，用be kept + adj.句型，應選形容詞「活著 的」(alive)。
27. 空格後面是名詞homes（家庭），前面應選擇形容詞「比較有錢的」(wealthier)。
28. 此句提到在中世紀的歐洲水產養殖「廣為流傳」，應選動詞過去式「普及；傳播」(spread)。 29. 此句說明修士會與貴族獨占各種資源，因此只有他們能食用到鮮魚，應選「獨占」(monopoly)。 30. 空格後面為動名詞fishing，可推知本格應填入形容詞。本句提及was severely punished（被嚴重懲罰），
由句意判斷為「非法捕魚」，故應選「非法的」(illegal)。
重要字詞1. aquatic 水生的 2. subside 消退；退散 3. brood 一整批的魚
4. crustacean 甲殼類生物 5. monastery 修道院
四、篇章結構
第31至35題為題組
法國大革命的起因很複雜，並且持續地在歷史學家之間激起廣泛的爭論。然而，許多學者都同意食 物在這場攸關社會與政治的動盪中扮演重要的角色。具體來說，麵包與鹽，這兩種法式菜餚中最不可或 缺的要素是這場衝突的核心。
作為法國日常餐點的主要成分，麵包常常與國家認同有密切關係。研究顯示，在十八世紀時，普通 的法國工人會花一半的日薪在麵包上。然而，在1788年和1789年，當穀類作物連續兩年歉收的時候，
麵包的價格暴漲到跟一位工人所得的 88%一樣多。一般的家庭買不起足夠的食物來滿足他們的基本需 求。絕大多數的法國人都在挨餓。有些人甚至只能靠偷竊或賣淫來讓自己活下去。
在此同時，農民們對「鹽稅」的憎恨也蔓延開來。從十五世紀開始，特別針對窮人課徵鹽耗量的稅 款，但貴族和有特權的人得以豁免。高昂的稅率和不平等的稅務分配使得到處都有走私者非法販鹽，進 而導致鹽價飛漲。
然而，在凡爾賽的宮廷卻遠離日益惡化的危機，對此也漠不關心。絕望的人民因此將饑荒與經濟紊 亂怪罪於統治階級。怒火快速地滋長，最終以 1789 年法國大革命的大型暴動畫上句點。所造成的結果 包含攻占巴士底監獄，一座位於巴黎的中世紀堡壘和監獄，以及最後法王路易十六世以及他的妻子Marie Antoinette被斬首。
隨著皇室的瓦解，社會逐漸恢復平靜。但鹽稅以及「麵包問題」仍然是整個革命時期、拿破崙時代
(1789-1815)以及在往後相當長的一段時間中造成最大動盪的社會政治議題。
31. 前文提到食物是法國大革命的重要因素，下文拿麵包來舉例，故應選擇說明重點食物為何的「具體 來說，麵包與鹽，這兩種法式菜餚中最不可或缺的要素是這場衝突的核心。」
32. 前文提到麵包的價格暴漲，下文講到絕大多數的人都在挨餓，故應選「一般的家庭買不起足夠的食 物來滿足他們的基本需求。」
33. 句首Meanwhile承接了前文的時間背景，而下文開始解釋鹽稅的背景對百姓所造成的影響，故應選「在
此同時，農民們對『鹽稅』的憎恨也蔓延開來。」
34. 前文提到百姓對統治階級的不滿，下文也說明了某事的結果包含了國王與皇后被斬首，故應選「怒 火快速地滋長，最終以1789年法國大革命的大型暴動畫上句點。」
35. 前文提到國王與皇后的死亡，象徵皇室的殞落，故應選「隨著皇室的瓦解，社會逐漸恢復平靜。」
重要字詞1. upheaval 動盪；劇變 2. exempt 豁免
3. culminate in 達到……的頂點 4. escalate 加劇；惡化
5. storm 突襲；攻占 6. unsettling 造成動盪的
五、閱讀測驗 第36至39題為題組
在1785年出生於德國西南部的Karl Drais男爵是19世紀德國最具創意的發明家之一。這位男爵眾 多的發明當中包括最早的打字機、絞肉機、在紙上記錄鋼琴音樂譜的裝置，以及兩臺四輪人力車。不過
真正使他成名的發明是雙輪跑動機，也就是現代腳踏車的雛型。
雙輪跑動機，又名杜萊斯車或遊樂木馬，其實是一部非常簡陋的腳踏車：它沒有鍊條，而且是由騎 士以腳推地面作為動力。雖然不是現代認知中的腳踏車，Drais 的發明在腳踏車的發展過程象徵開創性 的突破。這是第一臺把兩輪排成一直線的車。車身及輪子是用木頭做的，車龍頭已經很類似現代的車把 手了。在這個發明背後是 Drais 重要且大眾所樂見的想法，他想要找到用人力取代馬匹的方法，馬匹在 當時相當昂貴，而且即便不利用時也會消耗大量食物。他相信這臺機器可以使更多人用比走路或搭乘馬 車更快的速度移動。
Drais在1817年6月12日進行了第一次記錄在案的試騎，並且在一個鐘頭內行進了13公里的距離。
幾個月後，當Drais在四個鐘頭內騎了60公里，他引起極大的轟動。他後來造訪巴黎進行行銷之旅，娛 樂木馬很快就在當地流行起來，這股風潮也迅速傳到了英國。
但娛樂木馬的成功只維持了很短的時間。這種車既笨重又難騎。另一個問題是安全性：這種車沒有 剎車，也沒有曲柄或踏板。當時常常與無戒備的路人發生碰撞，幾年過後 Drais 的發明在許多歐洲和美
國的城市都被禁止了。不過，Drais的概念並沒有完全消失。幾十年後，這臺機器被法國人Pierre Lallement
和Pierre Michaux裝上了踏板並成為了現代的腳踏車。
36. 為什麼Drais要發明雙輪跑動機？
(A) 證明他身為一位發明家的創造力。
(B) 保護馬兒不會受到虐待。
(C) 為皇室提供一個新的玩意。
(D) 讓一般大眾有更好的交通方式。
解析：第二段說明Drais希望透過發明雙輪跑動機造福大眾，讓無法負擔養馬的人都能有快速的移動 方式，故選(D)。
37. 第二段的marked the big bang的意思為何？
(A) 發出巨大的噪音。
(B) 造成嚴重的干擾。
(C) 享有廣大的歡迎。
(D) 象徵突破性作品。
解析：此處的big bang有如宇宙創始的大爆炸之意，表示Drais的發明對腳踏車的發展有重要的啟發，
是突破性的作品，故選(D)。
38. 下列關於雙輪跑動機的描述何者為真？
(A) 它配有曲柄和踏板。
(B) 它的輪子和車身是鐵製的。
(C) 它有剎車可以控制移動的速度。
(D) 它的車龍頭類似於現代腳踏車的車把手。
解析：第二段有說明Drais的雙輪跑動機細節，第四段有提到安全性的問題，應選(D)。 39. 為什麼娛樂木馬無法成為19世紀常用的交通工具？
(A) 它很貴而且不夠耐用。
(B) 它的速度不如人們期望的那麼快。
(C) 它很難控制而且騎在路上很危險。
(D) 它在歐洲的城市沒有獲得足夠的公眾關注。
解析：第四段說明雙輪跑動機的成功未能持久之原因，分別是笨重難騎又危險，應選(C)。
重要字詞1. primitive 簡陋的；原始的
2. propel 推進；推動
3. undertake 開始從事；進行 4. collision 相撞
5. unsuspecting 無戒備心的
第40至43題為題組
閃爍的燈會導致頭痛。但如果每秒閃爍數百萬次──比肉眼可見或大腦能處理的都還要快──那麼 它也許就能被用來做些有助益的事，像是傳輸資料。這就是 Li-Fi，或稱為「光照上網技術」背後的想法。
Li-Fi 這個專有名詞是由愛丁堡大學的 Harald Haas 教授在 2011 年的一場 TED 演講中，介紹「來自每道 光的無線數據」這個點子時所創造出來的。現今，Li-Fi 已經發展成一種無線科技，可以用發光二極體 (LEDs)，一種愈來愈普及，用來照明公共區域以及家裡的方式，來讓數據能被高速傳送。
當使用 LED 燈做為數據傳輸的網路裝置時，Li-Fi 比 Wi-Fi 多了幾項優點。首先，Li-Fi 讓區域網路 受到更好的安全保障，因為光不像 Wi-Fi 所使用的無線電波，並不能穿透牆壁或者門。只要是像玻璃窗 戶等透明的材質被覆蓋住，能連接上 Li-Fi 波段的就只限於在該房間內的裝置，確保訊號無法從遠端被 駭入。此外，Li-Fi 也能在對於電磁波較敏感的地方使用，例如機艙、醫院與核電廠，因為光並不會干擾 無線訊號。Li-Fi 最顯著的優點是速度。研究人員在研究室環境下已經成功測出每秒鐘兩千兩百四十億位 元的速度，比 Wi-Fi 寬頻還要快上許多。
Li-Fi 能如何充實日常生活呢？任何有 LED 照明的地方，都有機會能使用搭載 Li-Fi 的裝置。搭載 Li-Fi 的路燈能讓手機連線上網，使夜間行走更加安全。紅綠燈裡面的 LED 燈泡能提供駕駛人天氣資訊 與交通狀況更新。Li-Fi 也能幫助觀光業，因為它提供更容易獲得當地資訊的管道。在家裡，智能燈具也 提供家長解決孩子們網路成癮的方法：只要把燈關掉，網路也會跟著斷線。
當 140 億個燈泡意味著 140 億個潛在的無線信號發射臺時，一個更乾淨、更環保，而且更光明的未 來也即將到來。
40. 本文的主題是什麼？
(A) 一種照明的新設計。
(B) 透過照明進行無線傳輸。
(C) 公共區域的無線電波干擾。
(D) Li-Fi潛在的軍事應用。
解析：傳輸資料與傳送速度在本文占有相當大的篇幅，也是開頭主題句的重點。
41. 第一段的This指的是？
(A) 閃爍的燈光很惱人。
(B) 光的閃爍可以傳遞訊息。
(C) 大腦會被燈光所影響。
(D) 人眼能察覺到光的變化。
解析：前文提到「傳輸資料」，而(B)選項的deliver也有「傳遞」之意。談到(A)(C)(D)三個選項的部分 只有第一段，但(B)貫串全文。
42. 根據本文，關於Li-Fi下列何者為非？
(A) 它可以穿透水泥牆。
(B) 它首次於2011年被提出。
(C) 它能高速傳輸數據。
(D) 它對教育子女有幫助。
解析：在本文第二段談到Li-Fi的安全性時，有特別提到它無法穿越牆壁的特性，而這特性也是確保
駭客無法入侵的主因。
43. 根據本文，下列何者是Li-Fi優於Wi-Fi的地方？
(A) Li-Fi可以用無線電驅動並且節省更多能源。
(B) Li-Fi可以引導行人行走在車輛無法通行的地方。
(C) Li-Fi在停電的時候能提供更安全的數據傳輸。
(D) Li-Fi可以被用在雷達訊號可能會被Wi-Fi干擾的地區。
解析：在本文第二段談到Li-Fi的優點時，除了安全性與速度外，也提到了Wi-Fi無法在特定場域使用
但Li-Fi卻可以的例子。
重要字詞1. harness 控制；利用……的動力 2. illuminate 照明
3. electromagnetic 電磁的 4. gigabit 10億位元
第44至47題為題組
根據加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學的新研究，因為棲息地暖化的關係，世界上最大的甲蟲類有些開始變 得愈來愈小了。這份 2018 年 1 月出版在《動物生態學期刊》的研究指出，氣候變遷正持續對這些「丁 點大」的生物造成影響。
這項研究從深入探討科學文獻開始。演化生態學家Michelle Tseng和她的學生們認真搜索他們能找 到的所有文章，尋找關於溫度對昆蟲的影響的實驗研究。他們找到的十九份文章指出至少有22種甲蟲，
當飼育在比正常氣溫還要溫暖的環境中，牠們的尺寸都縮水了。
為了確認這個模式在野外是否也成立，研究團隊運用了該大學 60 萬種的昆蟲標本，其中包含了幾 千隻從八○年代晚期以來於當地捕獲的昆蟲。研究員從 8 個紀錄最齊全的品種中，拍了超過 6500 隻甲
蟲的照片。他們也參考氣候紀錄來找出降雨的趨勢以及其他除了溫度之外的因素。在將這些甲蟲依照尺 寸分類時，他們發現8種甲蟲中有5種在過去這100年間變小了。當中4種體型最大的甲蟲品種在過去
45年中縮小了20%，其中包含了「蝸牛殺手」步行蟲。對比之下，比較小的甲蟲沒受到影響，有些還甚 至變大了一點點。
有些生態學家對於Tseng的研究結果抱持謹慎的態度，認為目前還未能證實是否較高的溫度就是甲 蟲縮水的真正原因。然而，英國生物學家Alan Ronan Baudron信服這個說法。Baudron的研究記錄了特
定幾種因為氣候暖化而縮小的魚。他的解釋是較高的溫度降低了水中的氧氣濃度，造成魚兒更快地消耗 熱量，而成年時的體型也比較小。但是不論是他還是Tseng都無法確定氧氣減少是甲蟲縮小的原因。
44. 何者最適合當本文的標題？
(A) 由於氣候變遷，大型甲蟲正逐漸縮小中
(B) 甲蟲與魚：牠們正在變小嗎？
(C) 我們所知道的演化生態學
(D) 動物生態學：過去與現在
解析：本題用刪去法可解。(B)選項中，魚的篇幅占得相當少，而且是拿來附和甲蟲研究的論點，應 不足以作為標題。(C) 演化生態學一詞只有在介紹Tseng的頭銜時有談到。(D) 本篇主要論點在於氣
候與溫度的影響，並非以時間作為討論主軸。
45. 第二段的a deep dive最有可能指的是？
(A) 一個清楚的指示。
(B) 一項重要的發現。
(C) 一次徹底的調查。
(D) 一個有深入見解的評論。
解析：dive為「潛水」之意，而deep dive意即「潛到很深的地方」，又literature一字表示「文學；文獻」，
因此可以理解為「埋首於大量文獻當中」。第二段提到「他們去找所有能找到的文章，並且發現有19
篇相關」，由此可知研究經過大量的資料查找，故應選(C)。
46. 有關Tseng的團隊的研究方法，下列何者為真？
(A) 他們進行實驗研究和田野調查。
(B) 他們拍了60萬種昆蟲的照片。
(C) 他們把甲蟲依大小區分來做調查。
(D) 他們從八○年代晚期就開始記錄氧氣濃度的數值。
解析：(A) Tseng團隊的研究工作是文獻查找與研究標本。(B) 從第三段得知只有拍6500多隻甲蟲的照
片。(C) 第二段提到依尺寸分類。(D) 記錄氧氣含量的是Baudron，時間也不是八○年代晚期。
47. 下列何者是Tseng的團隊的發現？
(A) 在過去的100年有8種甲蟲縮水了。
(B) 有些甲蟲沒受到溫度改變的影響。
(C) 大部分的甲蟲傾向隨著氣候暖化而活得更久。
(D) 甲蟲和魚可能會縮小到一樣大。
解析：第三段的最後面提到小型甲蟲幾乎沒受到氣溫變化的影響。(A) 8種裡面只有5種縮小。(C)和(D)
皆未被提到。
重要字詞1. comb through 認真搜索 2. account 報告；說法 3. concentration 濃度
第48至51題為題組
為了保護農作物的多樣性免於被大災難摧毀，種子銀行「斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫（Svalbard Global Seed
Vault）」被建立於挪威與北極之間的一座北極島嶼的山底下。這個種子庫是打算用來協助農夫與科學家
找到改良現時農作物所需的基因。此庫也致力於培育更能有效應付新挑戰的多樣化品種，能夠應付像氣 候變遷和人口成長的挑戰。現在這個種子庫擁有來自世界上幾乎所有國家的樣本，樣本數超過86萬。
然而，現在有愈來愈多意見，認為全世界投注在斯瓦爾巴的信念是錯置的。那些和農夫們一起在田 野間工作過的人認為「多樣性」是無法被打包，並且貯存在單一容器裡的──不論這個容器有多麼安全。
農作物總是持續在改變，害蟲與疾病也是持續因應環境而變化，而且全球暖化將會帶來更多目前還無法 預見的難題。在一個完美的世界裡，解決方案將會跟植物生命一樣，是多樣化且不斷改變的。
對於如何拯救農作物多樣性的爭論都圍繞在我們該與農地裡的群體合作還是跟研究機構合作，因為 很難找到足夠的資金同時進行這兩項合作。現在遺世獨立的斯瓦爾巴種子庫正吸走大量可用的資金。但 是，這個高度集中的做法可能無法在今後 50 或 100 年協助農夫們應付氣候變遷。根據新的研究發現，
高達75%的全球作物多樣性存在於大型種子銀行機構之外。這樣的物種多樣性反而被掌握在某些全球最 少數的農夫手中。此外，愈來愈多的爭議談到種子銀行不但無法補足農夫的實務知識，也無法與他們的 創造力競爭。
48. 本文的主旨是什麼？
(A) 種子銀行可以幫助農夫改良他們的農作物。
(B) 種子銀行的實行需要全球性的合作。
(C) 將農作物的多樣性保存在種子銀行的想法是有爭議的。
(D) 種子銀行有能力應付氣候變遷的挑戰。
解析：本篇除了第一段在介紹種子銀行之外，第二、三段都指出種子銀行的缺點和隱憂，故答案選(C)。 49. 根據本文，下列關於斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫的說明何者為真？
(A) 它耗費許多資金。
(B) 它座落於挪威中心。
(C) 它致力於對抗基因改良作物。
(D) 它保存全球75%農作物多樣性。
解析：第三段陳述資金短缺問題時，提到了斯瓦爾巴大量消耗可用資金，故答案選(A)。(B) 種子庫
位於北極的一座島上。(C) 全文未提及。(D) 是種子銀行外的農夫所擁有。
50. 下列關於農夫在維持作物多樣性的角色何者為真？
(A) 與種子銀行競爭。
(B) 提供實務知識。
(C) 將種子打包以供研究。
(D) 對於人口成長做出應變。
解析：第二段提到農作物、害蟲與疾病都是持續在改變的，這是種子庫無法掌握的真實狀況。此外，
最後一段也提到，全球有75%的作物多樣性掌握在農夫手中，種子銀行無法與農夫匹敵，也比不上農 夫的實務知識。
51. 第三段的the highly centralized approach指的是什麼？
(A) 與機構合作。
(B) 與農夫合作。
(C) 找到足夠的農作物多樣性。
(D) 找到足夠的資金。
解析：centralize為「集中」。前文提到「資金不夠同時與兩方合作，而斯瓦爾巴正大量使用可用的資
金」，代表種子庫是主要的合作對象，資金高度集中於機構這一方，故應選(A)。
重要字詞1. vault 金庫；保險庫 2. dynamic 不斷變化的 3. marginal 少數的
4. ingenuity 足智多謀；機靈
第貳部分：非選擇題 一、中譯英
1. Fast fashion, which features speed and low prices, allows people to buy fashionable clothes at an affordable price.
解析：以形容詞子句修飾主詞，使用動詞feature（以……為特色）或with the feature(s) of（有著……的
特色）的句型來翻譯。題目中的「讓」，做為整個句子的主要動詞，可譯為allow。
2. However, the “fast consumption” that it encourages produces a great deal of waste and causes serious pollution.
解析：以形容詞子句來修飾主詞「快速消費」，須注意主詞後連接的produce以及cause，必須有連接詞
連接這兩個動詞。
二、英文作文
If my high school is going to start a community service project, I would like to propose a project I call
“Make a Difference to Taipei’s Homeless Elders.” The reason I’d like to plan this project is that I hope it would both allow people to get a sense of achievement from helping others, and benefit the whole community.
On my way home from school, I always see many homeless elders in our community, especially around the entrance of Taipei Main Station. These people are homeless, bankrupt, old, and lonely; they have no family or friends who care whether they are dead or alive. As a high school student, I don’t have the ability to fight or fix social injustice. However, I do have the willingness to offer them what I have—food and kindness.
In an effort to give the homeless elders a hand, the first thing that the volunteers in this community service project have to do is set up a food bank in our community. With a food bank, we could donate spare food from our home and promote the idea of sharing. The core of this community service project is not to persuade people to donate food or money, but to make more people aware of the inequity in the world. Only when people’s awareness of social injustice is aroused would action really become possible. Second, we could offer our kindness and compassion to the homeless elders. We have to understand that the situation of homelessness means loneliness, isolation, and lack of support. Therefore, our volunteers have to try to understand their situation and keep them company. Once those homeless elders find that the volunteers in our project pay attention to them and try every means to find resources for them, they might be moved and perhaps changed. If our kindness can help them re-discover the ability to connect meaningfully with others, we will have made a difference.
中譯：
如果我的高中將要進行一項社區服務計畫，我會提出一個計畫並稱它為「為臺北無家可歸的長者 帶來改變」。我想策劃這項計畫的原因是，我希望它能讓人們從幫助別人中獲得成就感，同時也能造福 整個社區。從學校回家的路上，我總是在社區裡看到許多無家可歸的長者，尤其是在臺北車站的門口 附近。這些人無家可歸、身無分文、上了年紀並且孤單一人。他們沒有家人或朋友關心他們的死活。
身為一個高中生，我並沒有這樣的能力去對抗或者解決社會的不公不義。然而，我卻非常願意提供他 們我所擁有的──食物與善意。
為了幫忙無家可歸的長者，這個社區服務計畫的志工首先要做的是在我們的社區建立一個食物銀 行。有了食物銀行，我們可以將家裡多餘的食物捐出來，並且宣導共享的理念。整個社區服務計畫的核 心，不在於說服人們捐贈食物或金錢，而在於讓人們意識到世界的不平等。只有當人們對社會不公義的 意識被喚醒時，行動才可能會發生。第二，我們可以對那些無家可歸的長者釋出善意與同情。我們必須 要了解到，無家可歸的處境意味著孤單、隔離以及缺乏支持。因此，我們的志工必須要嘗試去了解他們 的處境，並陪伴他們。一旦哪些無家可歸的長者發現參與計畫的志工真正關心他們並且竭盡所能找尋資 源幫助他們，他們就會被感動，也許也會被改變。如果我們的善意可以幫助他們重新找回與他人建立關 係的能力，我們就會帶來改變。
