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x ℏ = ik = ip ∂∂ ∫

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• Wavefunction of matter wave

    

−∞

∞

∣ x ,t∣2d x = 1

• Quantum Mechanics: Schroedinger equation           plane wave  x ,t= Aei k x−t  ­­­ free particle

     k=2

 <­­>   p= h

 = ℏ k

     =2 <­­>  E=h=ℏ

      ∂  x ,t

∂t = −i x ,t = E

i ℏ x ,t  =>  E x ,t=i ℏ

t x ,t        ∂ 

x =i k  = i pℏ   =>   px ,t= ℏ i

x x ,t

      2

x2 =−k2 = −p22

 =>   p2

2m = − ℏ2 2 m

2

x2        since  p2

2mV = E   =>    −2 2 m

2

x2V  x ,t = i ℏ ∂

t x ,t   

• Dirac's relativstic Quantum Mechanics:   E2=p2c2m2c4

• Simple Harmonic Oscillation (S.H.O.)

    Planck:  En=h = n ℏ         

 

    Heisenberg:  En= n1

2 ℏ   

(2)

  

Time­dependence:  x ,t=xe−i Et /ℏ

• Expectation value : 

    x =

−∞

∞

*x ,t xx ,td x ,    x2=

−∞

∞

*x ,t x2 x ,t d x

     p =

−∞

∞

*x ,t px ,t d x =

−∞

∞

*x ,t  ℏ i

xx ,td x ,      

• Particle in a box

(3)

x=0 for   x≤−a

2 or   x≥a 2

   − ℏ2 2 m

d2 x

d x2 = E x =>   d2

d x2 = −2 m E2

   assume  x= Asin k x  B cosk x    Boundary condition:  x=0 at x=±a

2

    Normalization:  

a 2

a 2

∣∣d x = 1

    =>  Energy level   En= n222 2 m a2

• Heisenberg uncertainty relation: 

   Standard deviation:  x=

x−x2 ,   p=

p−p2

     x⋅ p≥ℏ 2

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