β- 胡蘿蔔素對於大白鼠酒精性肝臟疾病之影響
本研究利用體外及體內實驗,針對 β- 胡蘿蔔素與酒精性肝臟疾病之關聯性作有系統之探討。體外實驗部分,以含有粉末酒精之飼料飼養酒 精組大白鼠,誘發大白鼠形成酒精性肝臟疾病,並以不含酒精之飼料飼養對照組大白鼠。 10 週後,酒精組血漿中肝功能指數 GOT 與 GPT 的活性分別較對照組提高 24% 以及 61% ,顯示酒精組肝臟受損的情形較對照組嚴重。同時由肝臟病理切片圖可以明顯觀察到酒精組的肝臟 有脂質堆積的情形。確定酒精組大白鼠形成酒精性脂肪肝後,開始進行初代肝細胞培養實驗。由對照組大白鼠所取出之初代肝細胞,依培 養液中無添加或有添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素,分為 HC 組和 HC+B 組。同樣地,酒精組大白鼠所取出之肝細胞,依培養液中無添加或有添加 β- 胡蘿 蔔素,分為 HE 組和 HE+B 組,並進行培養 24 小時。由初代肝細胞培養實驗之結果顯示, HE 組肝細胞生存力顯著較 HC 組降低 68% ,而 添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素後, HE+B 則是顯著較 HE 提高 42% 。抗氧化酵素活性方面, HE 組之麩胱甘過氧化 (GPX) 與過氧化氫 (CAT) 之活 性分別顯著較 HC 組降低 54% 與 31% ,添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素後, HE+B 組之 CAT 活性則是顯著較 HE 組提高 61% 。至於麩胱甘還原 (GR D) 與超氧化物岐化 (SOD) 之活性,各組間無顯著差異。另外,麩胱甘 (GSH) 濃度方面, HC 組與 HE 組無顯著差異,添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素 後, HC+B 組與 HE+B 組顯著較 HC 組與 HE 組各增加 156% 與 143% 。脂質過氧化產物 MDA 濃度方面,各組間無顯著差異。另外,肝細 胞中及培養液中 β- 胡蘿蔔素與維生素 A 之濃度均顯著增加。結論,添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素能夠使酒精性肝臟疾病大白鼠之初代肝細胞中 GSH 、 β- 胡蘿蔔素以及維生素 A 的量增加,並提高抗氧化酵素 CAT 的活性,因而降低酒精對肝細胞所造成的傷害,提高肝細胞存活率。
體內實驗部分,以雄性 SD 大白鼠 24 隻為實驗動物,依肝功能指標 GOT 、 GPT 分成三組:控制組 (C) 、酒精組 (E) 及酒精補充 β- 胡蘿蔔 素組 (E+B) ,每組 8 隻,實驗期為 10 週。以含有 58% 粉末酒精 ( 佐藤食品工業,日本 ) 飼料飼養 E 組,以添加 β- 胡蘿蔔素之粉末酒精飼料 飼養 E+B 組,對照組則是利用等熱量之方式以不含粉末酒精飼料飼養。結果顯示,與 C 組相比較, E 組的 GOT 、 GPT 分別顯著提高 25%
與 27% ,而與 E 組比較之下, E+B 組的 GOT 、 GPT 則分別顯著降低 12% 及 15% 。抗氧化能力方面,紅血球中四種抗氧化酵素活性,各 組間均無顯著的變化。而肝臟中抗氧化酵素活性方面, E 組 GPX 活性顯著較 C 組下降 21% ,另外, E 組 CAT 活性則是顯著較 C 組提高 2 7% ,而補充 β- 胡蘿蔔素後, E+B 組 CAT 活性則是顯著較 E 組降低 20% ,至於 GRD 與 SOD 活性,各組間則是無顯著之差異。 GSH 濃度 方面, E 組紅血球與肝臟中 GSH 含量分別顯著較 C 組減少 15% 與 23% ,補充 β- 胡蘿蔔素後, E+B 組紅血球與肝臟中 GSH 含量則是分別 顯著較 E 組增加 43% 與 27% 。至於血漿與肝臟中 MDA 之濃度,各組間均無顯著差異。另外, E+B 組大白鼠肝臟中有測得 β- 胡蘿蔔素,
並同時觀察到維生素 A 含量較 E 組顯著增加 51% 。在脂質代謝方面, E 組血中三酸甘油酯 (TG) 濃度顯著較 C 組增加 96% ,而 E+B 組的 T G 則是顯著較 E 組減少 40% ,高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 (HDL-C) 也顯著較 E 組增加 13% 。至於肝中 TG 與 TC 含量, E 組較 C 組分別顯著增加 73% 與 33% , E+B 組則是較 E 組分別顯著減少 38% 以及 20% 。血中尿酸濃度方面, E 組較 C 組顯著增加 50% , E+B 組則是較 E 組顯著 減少 30% 。最後,由肝臟組織病理切片觀察顯示, E 組大白鼠肝臟中有脂質堆積的現象,而 E+B 組大白鼠則無此現象。由以上結果可知,
補充 β- 胡蘿蔔素可以抑制因長期酒精攝取所造成之抗氧化物質 GSH 的減少,並預防酒精性高脂血症、脂肪肝及高尿酸血症的形成,進而減 少酒精對肝臟的傷害。
關鍵字: β- 胡蘿蔔素、酒精性肝臟疾病、初代肝細胞、大白鼠
Effect of β-Carotene on Alcoholic Li ver Disease in Rats
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of β-carotene on alcoholic liver diseases in rats. In vitro study was to evaluate the effects of β-carotene on the cell viability and antioxidant enzymes activities in hepatocytes from rats with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Rats in ethanol group were given ethanol-cont aining diet (powdered- ethanol 58g per 100g diet), and rats in control group were fed isocaloric diet withou t ethanol. After 10 weeks, rats in ethanol group showed a significant increase in plasma GOT and GPT acti vities by 24% and 61%, respectively. Furthermore, the apparent accumulation of fat within hepatocytes wa s observed in ethanol group. Then, the hepatocytes were taken out and cultured for 24 hrs. Hepatocytes fro m control group were cultured in the medium without (HC) or with b-carotene (HC+B), and from ethanol g roup were also cultured in the medium without (HE) or with β-carotene (HE+B). Results showed that lactat e dehydrogenase leakage (LDH leakage), which is the index of cell viability, was significantly increased by 68% in HE than in HC, but reduced by 42% in HE+B than in HE. When compared to HC, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) in HE were significantly decreased by 54% and 31%, res pectively. CAT activity in HE+B group was significantly increased by 61% than in HE. However, the activ ities of glutathione reductase (GRD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed no difference in each group.
The levels of glutathione (GSH) in HC+B and HE+B groups were significantly increased 155% and 143%
than in HC and HE, respectively. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MD
A), showed no difference in each group. On the other hand, the cellular levels of β-carotene and retinol wer
e significantly increased in HC+B and HE+B. And the levels of b-carotene and retinol in medium increase
d in HC+B and HE+B. These results demonstrate that β-carotene can increase cell viability, CAT activities,
GSH, β-carotene and retinol concentrations in cultured hepatocytes from rats with ALD.
Effect of β-Carotene on Alcoholic Li ver Disease in Rats