I. jJp - ~ -f 120 o~ • 1H'J.'fUHo "F *- ' 'hT M -R 5% ~J\ ~ 71<- ¥- "F ' Jt. ~ -} It."fI 'L;' J1.
< e, ~o 2"00' = II.07} (15 %) ?
W!J..J< 8* ;ot} ;~
.v
93 100 90 93 94
87 83 90 80
94 99 90 97
85 95
L---- s,'
I18 58/3 46/3~
a.1t.rr..ANOVA*-? (10%)
b.
fA5 % i!li ~ 71<- ¥- H. Jt W!J.. J< ' 8 *- ' &. ~ ;~ WI, 7t ~ 11 M' * w.J -1- ~t ez,
(j!);"~ t, J.tJ't. "fI
11 i!li ~.!. J{. < e,~o F
oo ' " =426}? (5 %)
3. • ~~ft~#.m* • • ~~#~'~§n.'U~§~~M~%~ili.n~~
~'~;~~%~~.~~0~~~~&'~~~1~~.1~'~~.~*
1i. Jf- .th, tt If *Ho T :
Jf-1~ "* % ~ ili (;W; ic,) Jf-~)1j 1Uli (;W; ic,)
2002 560 12800
2003 650 13200
2004 880 14400
2005 1100 15900
,=l
2006 350 ~ 10000
a.
fAJJ. %.t til i1.I § ~t\:. ' Jf-Mi1Hli 1.1; !!lilt\:. . ;j:i. til J\1-1- 4'- ji .i~BiV1] u. t;.? (10 %)
b.,t;- 2007 Jf-{j!)~%.t til i1.I 1000 ~ iL ' tij-fjiiJ!'lJf-;fj lHlii1.l.} j,'? (10 %)
4. ~R jff: >!:. f t, - fol z ~f{ iJf- ' 63% Ill>!:. f t, k &}': roH~" j:Ur... tit i§ :t !;ifi X tii.
0~ !1:d)!, §i-r ;}:\) ~ .
~A *'1I!!li tida. w.. .~t ,lIUt. 'f> ~ J! ' ;UdJi.Y- ,¥d~: P;.iE. l'll!9im '8 ~i'.'1',I; , degree of confidence
P; 99% ' l'l'J t~ 9'] A tt ~ 11:, £ j,' J.i1!, ;t} ro1 j, j,' A (7%)
0~. Ilj{,df1t':- ~ z:t1r m -ft jl.:r-!kJ!Rfr#tih ~;T -¥-tC,lt 'f ril~l't.tdJ~~' ~tJJtmj,fr:l\\.'TJf-.f'I X It PIT '!Ji; 8 it ~ J)IJ P; 12, 10, 16, 14, 19, 11 !'~ 8 8 0 tk 1t- signi Iicance level
=0.05 lit l,iIJ
11 iJ!1-rin t~Hi: It ' lUi J. or lis It~ p-value ' ~A *'J I/1If !kJf sr -¥-PIT '!Ji; Ik'l'-j~ 8 iUt. 'f> or
h:itdiL II 7;"z0J (13%)
0b. fir j~.1J11 i.e bMia H~ Jj:l. f~ I20 0x.1J11 iddeSfc ' j\'. tI:: if'- E] /.1l1 idJ i: P; 36 It:-fj- , standard del' iation
P; 5.5 It:-f!-
0tk 9'] i\ ii;;t 97% z confidence interval' .it JA >!:. -+ Mt~ Jet n *' (10%)
07 fa ~ '* ~ a~ 1¢- ~ if JI!-)~ z. i'itJ 8t . -ii/i:{i;: '*' iL m .ilL § iT if tit ii- JI!- Hz. rrr :it. 8~l IJt M if'- )~] 1'0
21 ~lt, standard deviation P; 7 51'li; ~,ltAiIiZ.f'Jit,*~8te..$.(dfJl!-1l'L' tH'li\t(t 4 If!::. AiL 10 51':it 0J or 1± rlt iii iH') -'- It!) ~l't + P; fer (6%)
0i ~t!::.~kl&k~~~_4~zjl.:r-~~+'~
k l kRfr
1[ A !'Hi' JlrJri! H't is'tf 5 '*' ~ IHUf,1J.r, , .Y,t *' 'kt1 'I} J& (%)
4& 11;-$
:tz PIT:T
0H>K tI:: test statistic, critical vaiue(s)& ~ 11;.
~p-value ~ JlIJ P; fer ' .it;?~ significance level = 0.1 z A 4.2 5.9
B 3.0 5.1
T~It~~kl~~4~zR.:r-A~+~~
C 5.9 7.0
(14%)
0D 2.9 3.8
E 4.5 6.2
Standard
1.231 1.214
Deviation
o '.
a
o
eThe entries in Table II are the probabilities that a random variable 'having the standard normal distribution will take on a value between 0 and l. They are given by the area of the gray region under the curve in the figure.
Alsot-for z
=
4.0,5.0, and 6.0. the areas are 0.49997,0.4999997,and 0.499999999.The entries in Table III are values for which the area to their right under the t distribution with given degrees of freedom (the gray area in the figure) is equal to a.
TABLE II VALUES OF I'
d.l 1 6.314 'O.llSll to.lW '0,010
' ....
d.C.12. 706 31.821 63.657 1
2 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 2
3 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 3
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 4
5 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 6
7 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 7
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 8
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 9
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 10
11 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 11
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 12
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 13
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 14
15 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 15
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 16
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 17
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 18
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2861 19
20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2,845 20
21 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 21
22 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 22
23 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 23
24 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 24
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 25
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 26
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 27
28 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 28
29 1.699 2045 2462 2.756 29
inf 1645 1.960 2.326 2.576 inf
.
A JohnJ.On and Dean W. Wichem,APpbtd Mulflll'fJTlalt S'a/wl,al AnalyJu, C 19S2. p. 582. Adapl~d by permission of PrenllCC H~II. Upper Sl.ddlt River. NJz
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 .0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
.00 .0000 .0398 .0793 .1179 .1554 .1915 .2257 .2580 .2881 .3159 .3413 .3643 ..3849 .4032 .4192 .433:
.415:
..1')54 .4641 .4713 .4772 .4821 .4861 .4893 .4918 .4938 .4953 .4965 .4974 .4981 .4987
TABLE I
.01 .02 .0040 .0080 .0438 .0478 .0832 .0871 .1217 .1255 .1591 .1628 .1950 .1985 .2291 .2324 .2611 .2642 .2910 .2939 .3186 .3212 .3438 .3461 .3665 .3686 .3869 .3888 .4049 .4066 .4207 .4222 .4345 .. 4357 .4463 .4474 .4564 .4573 .4649 .4656 .4719 .4726 .4778 .4783 .4826 .4830 .4864 .4868 .4896 .4898 .4920 .4922 .4940 .4941 .4955 .4956 4966 .4967 .4975 .4976 .4982 .4982 .4987 .4987
NORMAL-eURVE AREAS
.03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359 .0517 .0557 .0596 0636' .0675 .0714 .0753 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879 .2019 .2054 .2088 . .2m .2157 .2190 .2224 .2357 .2389 .2422 '.2454 .2486 .2517 .2549 .2673 .2704 2734 ..2764 .2794 .2823 .2852 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 -, 3106 .3133 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810. .3830 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3962 .3980 .3997 .4015 .4082 .4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429 .4441 .4484 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .~812 .4817 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4961 .4962 .4963 .4964 .4968 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
