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螺旋藻酒的製備及其抗氧化能力之研究 楊曜鴻、游銅錫

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螺旋藻酒的製備及其抗氧化能力之研究 楊曜鴻、游銅錫

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本研究共分為三個部分,第一部分主要以螺旋藻粉經酒精浸泡萃取法,製備藻酒。尋找其最佳製程條件;包括浸泡的酒精 度、浸泡時間,並探討酒精浸泡萃取所得之藻酒中酒的風味、嚐味與喜好性上的影響。再利用官能品評及一般成分分析性

,找出不同條件所釀製浸泡藻酒之機能性成分。第二部分是以商業化酵母菌種為試驗菌種,探討以發酵法製備藻酒的最佳 製程條件;包括發酵藻粉濃度、發酵時間、喜好性官能品評等。第三部分則是以所製得藻酒再與利用現有技術所製備的紅 葡萄酒進行調合而以製備藻紅酒,以探討不同比例勾兌之藻紅酒之品質與抗氧化能力的變化;並將藻酒與各種紅酒之揮發 性成分以氣相層析質譜儀鑑定,以探討藻酒與各種紅酒之揮發性香氣成分及喜好性。 結果顯示,在酒精浸泡萃取法中,發 現以12.5%酒精溶液萃取12小時後達到最高的效益。其機能性成分包括總葉綠素、類胡蘿蔔素與藻藍蛋白等之萃取量隨螺 旋藻粉添加量之增加而上升。而在藻紅酒的官能品評實驗發現,其接受性皆低於發酵藻酒組別;而在加熱蒸餾所得的40%

蒸餾藻露之官能性品評結果亦是如此。其中發現到以發酵蒸餾藻露:浸泡蒸餾藻露之比例為1:2時得到風味、嚐味及整體 喜好性皆較高的組別。在發酵螺旋藻酒實驗中,可溶性固形物含量隨著添加藻粉的增加,偵測所得數值越低。即表示藻粉 的添加會促進發酵的進行。 不同比例勾兌紅酒之喜好性官能品評部份,在紅酒的選澤中,以卡本內紅酒較梅洛紅酒具有較 高的喜好性。依喜好性官能品評結果,最後選定以一倍1%發酵藻酒勾兌四倍卡本內紅酒為本實驗藻紅酒的較適條件。 在 抗氧化能力之測定中,發酵藻酒具有較高的DPPH自由基清除能力。而調和紅酒樣組別中,具有顯著的加成作用。 成品酒 所檢測出之香氣成分有isopropyl alcohol、1-propanol、isobutyl alcohol、isoamyl alcohol、2,3-butanediol、2-hydroxypropanol

、3-ethoxy-1-propanol、methionol、2,6-dimethylcyclohexanol、phenethyl alcohol、acetic acid、hexanoic acid、octanoic acid

、decanoic acid、diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid、hexadecanoic acid、oleic acid、octadecanoic acid、ethyl acetate、isoamyl acetate、ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate、ethyl n-caproate、ethyl 4-hydroxybutanoate、diethyl succinate、ethyl caprylate、ethyl hydrogen succinate、ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate、phenethyl acetate、propyl isothiocyanate、butoxyethoxyethyl acetate、ethyl stearate、ethyl palmitate、ethyl decanoate、methyl palmitate、methyl octadec-7-enoate與methyl stearate。

關鍵詞 : 螺旋藻 ; 藻酒 ; 藻紅酒 ; 發酵 ; 抗氧化力 ; 揮發性化合物 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書...iii 中文摘要...iv 英文摘要...vi 誌 謝...viii 目錄...ix 圖目錄...xiii 表目

錄...xv 1. 前言...1 2. 文獻回顧...3 2.1 保健食品的發 展...3 2.2 藻類食品的應用...4 2.3 螺旋藻的介紹...5 2.3.1 螺旋藻的營養價 值...6 2.3.2 螺旋藻的保健功能...7 2.3.3 γ-亞麻油酸(GLA)...8 2.3.4 硒的作 用...8 2.3.5 β-胡蘿蔔素...9 2.3.6 消除自由基...9 2.4 蒸餾

酒...9 2.5 酵母...10 2.5.1 影響因子...11 2.5.2 酒用活性乾酵母及相 關分類...12 2.6 香氣成分...13 2.7 抗氧化劑...16 2.7.1抗氧化劑之作用原 理...16 2.7.1.1 自由基終止劑...17 2.7.1.2 還原劑或清除基...17 2.7.1.3 金屬螫合 劑...17 2.7.1.4 單重態氧抑制劑...18 2.7.2 天然抗氧化物...18 2.7.3 人工合成抗氧化 劑...22 2.7.4 自由基之介紹...22 2.7.4.1 自由基與活性氧...22 2.7.4.2 定義及反應形 式...23 2.7.5 自由基對生物體分子之氧化傷害...28 2.8 抗氧化試驗之原理...29 2.8.1 清 除DPPH自由基之測定...29 2.8.2 螫合亞鐵離子之測定...30 2.8.3 還原力試驗...30 2.8.4 清除超氧陰離子試驗...30 3. 材料與方法...32 3.1 實驗材料...32 3.1.1 實驗原 料...32 3.1.2 實驗藥品...32 3.1.3 實驗設備...34 3.2 實驗方

法...35 3.2.1 以不同酒精濃度溶液萃取螺旋藻之效果比較...35 3.2.2 以12.5%酒精溶液萃取不同添加量螺旋 藻之效果 比較...37 3.2.3 發酵螺旋藻酒中不同藻體添加濃度對發酵情形 之探討...37 3.2.4 蒸餾藻露之製備...38 3.2.5 卡本內紅酒之發酵...38 3.2.6 黑后葡萄紅酒之發酵...38 3.2.7 藻紅酒之發酵...41 3.3 分析項目...42 3.3.1 還原糖之測試...42 3.3.2 總糖 之測試...42 3.3.3 酸鹼值之測定...42 3.3.4 可溶性固形物之測定...46 3.3.5 總色素含 量之測定...46 3.3.6 色度比之測定...46 3.3.7 酒精度分析...46 3.3.8 可滴定酸之測

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定...47 3.3.9 螺旋藻酒中葉綠素含量之檢測...47 3.3.10 螺旋藻酒中類胡蘿蔔素含量之檢測...48 3.3.11 螺旋藻酒中藻藍蛋白含量之檢測 ...48 3.3.12 官能品評...49 3.3.13 抗氧化性之分析...49 3.3.14 香氣成分分析...51 4. 結果與討論...54 4.1 以不同酒精濃度溶液萃取螺旋藻之效果比 較...54 4.1.1 萃取螺旋藻時,酒精濃度之選擇...54 4.1.2 水溫對萃取螺旋藻萃取效率之影響...54 4.2 以12.5%酒精 溶液萃取不同添加量螺旋藻之效果比 較...54 4.3發酵螺旋藻酒中不同藻體添加濃度對發酵情形之探 討...56 4.4 蒸餾藻露之製備...57 4.5 卡本內紅酒之發酵...57 4.6 黑后葡萄 紅酒之發酵...66 4.7 抗氧化性之分析...72 4.7.1 DPPH自由基清除能力之測定...72 4.7.2 亞 鐵離子螯合能力之測定...72 4.7.3 清除超氧陰離子能力之測定...79 4.7.4 相對還原力之測定...79 4.8 香氣成分之分析...82 5. 結論...87 參考文獻...89 附

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