具開放式陰極之質子交換膜燃料電池之最佳化研究 黃建彰、鄭錕燦
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
以直流風扇送風的開放式陰極質子交換膜燃料電池，利用風扇推送空氣，使之貫穿陰極流道，此空氣則兼具『反應氣體』
與『冷卻流體』的雙重功能。此種型式的燃料電池系統，具有構造簡單、體積小、重量輕等優點，因此諸如電動輪椅、電 動代步車、電動自行車等小型運輸工具，很適合以它做為電力來源。 具有開放式陰極的質子交換膜燃料電池，除了它所使 用的膜電極組（MEA）的優劣將左右其性能之外，雙極板中陰極的空氣流道和流速之設計，對電池堆的操作溫度以及整體 性能亦有關鍵性的影響。 本論文針對這種型式的燃料電池堆進行研究，利用COMSOL數值分析軟體模擬的方法深入探討 質子交換膜燃料電池的陰極，在各種不同的流道設計與空氣流速下之電池性能以及燃料電池內部之溫度變化情形。
關鍵詞 : 質子交換膜 ; 燃料電池 ; 數值模擬
目錄
封面內頁 簽名頁 博碩士論文暨電子檔案上網授權書... iii 中文摘要... iv ABSTRACT... v 誌謝... vi 目錄... vii 圖目 錄... x 符號說明... xiii 第一章 緒論... 1 1.1前
言... 1 1.2燃料電池的介紹... 2 1.2.1燃料電池的原理... 2 1.2.2燃料電池的構 造... 4 1.2.3燃料電池的優點... 7 1.2.4燃料電池主要技術問題... 9 1.2.5燃料電池的性能 曲線... 9 1.3文獻回顧... 12 1.4研究動機及目的... 16 第二章 研究方
法... 18 2.1 COMSOL工程分析軟體簡介... 18 2.2有限元素法... 19 2.3數值模擬流 程... 20 2.4模型說明... 21 2.4.1氣體擴散層中之質傳模型... 21 2.4.2速度場、溫度 場與濃度場之計算模型... 23 2.5基本假設... 25 2.6統御方程式... 25 2.6.1氣體擴散層質 傳之統御方程式... 26 2.6.2速度分佈之統御方程式... 27 2.6.3溫度分佈之統御方程式... 27 2.6.4反 應物之濃度分佈之統御方程式... 28 2.7邊界條件... 29 2.7.1氣體擴散層質傳之邊界條件... 29 2.7.2速度分佈之邊界條件... 29 2.7.3溫度分佈之邊界條件... 30 2.7.4反應物濃度分佈之邊界條 件... 31 2.8格點分佈... 33 第三章 結果與討論... 36 3.1有效擴散係數之經驗方程式 驗證... 36 3.1.1氣體在擴散層內擴散的情形... 36 3.1.2彎曲係數之驗證... 38 3.2燃料電池溫度分 佈... 39 3.3反應物濃度分佈... 42 3.3.1氧氣質量分率在擴散層至流道間的分佈情形... 42 3.3.2水 氣質量分率在擴散層至流道間的分佈情形... 45 3.3.3不同入口流速對於氧氣、水氣質量分率及壓力變 化的影
響... 47 3.4燃料電池性能曲線... 49 第四章 結論及建議與未來研究方向... 53 4.1結 論... 53 4.2建議與未來研究方向... 54 參考文獻... 55
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