太極拳運動訓練對輕度高血壓患者血壓,血脂肪濃度及焦慮成效之探
討
The Effects of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise Training on Blood Pressure, Lipid profile and Anxiety in Patients with Mild Hypertension
中文摘要
本研究目的在探討太極拳運動訓練對輕度高血壓患者之血壓、心跳速率、血脂肪 濃度及焦慮之成效改善情形及其影響之相關因素。
本研究採類實驗設計法，先以立意選樣法於台北市某衛生所選取血壓介於 130-159/85-99mmHg，且符合收樣條件者，再以隨機方式將其分為運動組及對照 組，共有 40 位個案完成此研究，其中運動組及對照組各 20 人。運動組參與為期 12 週的太極拳運動訓練;對照組則保持其原本的生活型態，運動訓練前後經運動 訓練、結構式問卷(包括人口學特性調查表、特質性及狀態性焦慮量表)及血脂肪 濃度進行資料收集。資料分別以百分比、平均值、標準差、Spearman correction、
Paired t 檢定、Mann-Whiteny U test 及 t test 等統計方法進行分析。
經由本研究之運動訓練後結果發現:（一）本研究個案的年齡明顯與其高密度脂 蛋白膽固醇濃度及特質性焦慮程度有相關（rs＝0.54，rs＝0.45，p<0.01）。其教 育程度則與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度（rs＝-0.35，p<0.05）、特質性焦慮及狀態 性焦慮呈現顯著負相關（rs＝-0.62; -0.47，p<0.01）。經濟狀況明顯分別與高密度 脂蛋白膽固醇濃度（rs＝-0.40，p<0.05）、特質性及狀態性焦慮負相關（rs＝-0.68;
-0.54，p<0.01），高血壓病史大於或等於 1 年者明顯與低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度 正相關（rs＝0.40，p<0.05），食物口味較偏向鹽醃製品及罐頭類個案具有較高的 總膽固醇濃度呈正相關（rs＝0.39，p<0.05），沒有運動習慣者有較高的收縮壓（rs
＝0.32，p<0.05）。體重與三酸甘油脂濃度有顯著正相關（rs＝0.32，p<0.05），但 其明顯與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度及狀態性焦慮呈負相關（rs＝-0.55; -0.32，
p<0.01; 0.05）。（二）運動組在研究計劃前後，其血壓、血脂肪濃度、特質性及狀 態性焦慮都有明顯下降（p<0.01）。研究期間，兩組個案在血壓、總膽固醇、高 密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度、特質性及狀態性焦慮之變化亦具 有顯著差異（p<0.01）（三）參與太極拳訓練之個案平均運動訓練強度可達個案 預期最大心跳速率之 64%，運動強度對於降低特質性及狀態性焦慮改善成效上，
都呈現明顯的正相關（rs＝0.68; 0.53，p<0.01; 0.05）。
關鍵詞：高血壓、血脂肪濃度、特質性及狀態性焦慮、太極拳運動訓
英文摘要
This study explores the effects of Tai Chi Chuan exercise training on the blood pressure, lipid profile and anxiety in patients with mild hypertension and determines
the relationship between the personal characteristic and blood pressure, lipid profile and anxiety of developing mild hypertension disease. Forty patients with systolic blood pressure 130-159mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 85-99mmHg at a Taipei municipal health institution were selected from among a larger pool of patients for inclusion in this study.
Criteria for selection are based on quasi-experimental design with purposive sampling.
The patients were divided into two groups, the non-training control group and the training experimental group, 20 patients each. Questionnaire, including the personal characteristic measurement, and the anxiety level evaluation, was completed for each subject. We evaluated the experimental group before and after 12 weeks of regular Tai Chi Chuan exercise training at three times each week and 30 minutes each time whereas evaluated the control group, that continues their usual lifestyles during the study period, at the absence of 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise training. Blood pressure data was collected before and after the exercise training. Lipid profile
concentration was measured by means of laboratory methodology for each subject. In addition, questionnaire was repeated at the end of this study. Pre- and post-training data within group and among the groups were analyzed by means of paired t-test, student t-test, and Mann-Whiteny’ U test.
Research results were shown as follows: patient’s age showed positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) level ( rs=0.54, p<0.01). Patient’s education levels were negative correlated with resting heart rate (R-HR) ( rs=-0.36, p<0.05) , HDL-C level (rs=-0.35, p<0.05), trait anxiety (rs=-0.62, p<0.01), and state anxiety ( rs=-0.47, p<0.01). Economic background showed negative correlation with HDL-C level (rs=-0.40, p<0.05), trait anxiety( rs=-0.68, p< 0.01), and state anxiety ( rs=-0.54, p< 0.01). Non regular exercise habit showed positive correlation with systolic blood pressure ( rs=0.32, p<0.05). Body weight showed negative correlation with HDL-C level (rs=-0.55, p< 0.01), and state anxiety (rs=-0.32, p<0.05), and positive correlation with triglyceride (TG) level (rs=0.32, p< 0.05). Significant increases in the measured total cholesterol were noted in subjects with high salty or preservative canned food intake (rs=0.39, p<0.05). In addition, systolic pressure showed increased in the subjects with poor, even no, intensity of the exercise performed (rs=0.39, p<0.05).
Results of the study showed significant decreases (p<0.001) in measured blood pressure, T-C level, LDL-C level concentration and increases in measured HDL-C (p<0.05), and improvements in anxiety level (p<0.001) in the exercise-trained group when pre- and post-training values were compared. Regular Tai Chi Chuan exercise training results in reduced (p<0.01) blood pressure and blood lipid concentration and improved anxiety levels in the exercise-trained group compared to the non-training
control group. Tai Chi Chuan exercise leads to a training intensity of 64% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) on average, which is enough to improve the anxiety levels. The relationship between the exercise training intensity and the anxiety levels is shown to be a positive correlation (rs=0.68; 0.53, p<0.01; 0.05).
Key words: Tai Chi Chuan, exercise training, hypertension, lipid profile, anxiety
