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A STUDY OF THE CUTTING SYSTEMS OF SPRING MACHINES AND CUTTING FORCE ANALYSIS

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1Department of Mechanical Engineering HungKuo Delin University of Technology

New Taipei City, Taiwan 236, R.O.C.

2Kwang Hong Machine Co., LTD.

New Taipei City, Taiwan 238, R.O.C.

3Department of Mechanical Engineering Tungnan University New Taipei City, Taiwan 222, R.O.C.

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技術學刊 第三十六卷 第二期 民國一一○年  

Journal of Technology, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 55-63 (2021)

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