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前言 經過了三年級一整年的

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經過了三年級一整年的PBL 洗禮之後,相信各位同學對此種 學習方法的哲理及進行流程已有充份的了解和熟悉。因此在四年級 的單元中,我們作了一些調整,加快了教案的進行,將原來三年 級為6 頁的教案改為四年級 2 頁的教案,上課時間也從 1 星期 3 次改成2 次,但教案編寫的設計、學習的目標、和團隊分工及合作 的精神是不變的。

第四單元是婦產及小兒單元,統合了妊娠期、嬰兒期、以至於 青春期階段常見之問題,也是從單純的基礎醫學轉變成臨床醫學 的一個重要階段。本單元包含了婦產科學、小兒科學兩個次單元,

總共有6 個星期的上課時間,課程的進行仍是沿用問題導向,自

我學習的方法,著重於對各主要年齡層健康照顧之認知、分析與處 理 。 學 習 的 目 標 則 包 含 Biological 、 Clinical 、 Population 和 Psychosocial 四大領域,希望藉由小組內問題的發掘、討論、學習 目標的建立、評估、資料的蒐集和分享,來促進學習的效果。

另外我們也準備了12 次的大堂授課,將一些同學們較不易經 由自我學習、整理,但又必須具備之學習目標,藉由專家之講課,

來加強學習的完整性。

在此單元6 週的課程內,每週 4 下午均安排有 4 小時的臨床 技術(Clinical Skill)課程,以小組的方式進行,分別到耕莘醫院、

新光醫院和國泰醫院,由該領域之臨床專科醫師實地指導,將以

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病人及其家屬、每科診斷之特殊技巧、病史呈現之技巧及臨床數據 判讀及組織的能力。

生命的喜悅,成長的煩惱,是每一個人的必經之路。透過這個 單元,希望同學們能了解並思考在生命的週期中,正常與不正常 的發育、生長、變化的過程,家庭和社會的機能與經濟的影響,進 而達到健康的促進與疾病預防的目的。

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在6 週的課程中,我們分成婦產科、小兒科兩個次單元,希望 同學能從問題的發掘中,找出學習的方向,並有效的運用各種學 習 資 源 , 來 達 到 學 習 的 目 的 。 依 據 此 一 目 標 , 我 們 分 別 從 Knowledge, Clinical Skill, Learning Skill 及 Personal Quality 四個 層面來說明:

(一)Knowledge 婦產科系統

希望學生了解母體一胎兒單位(maternal-fetal unit)的解剖 及生理,母體因素對胎兒發育、生長和健康之影響,常見之問 題及處理的方法。詳細的課程目標內容如下:

(A) 生物性層面(Biological Perspective)

1. Fertilization and implantation.

2. Development and organization of the Maternal- Fetal Communication System.

3. Maternal physiological and hormonal changes in pregnancy

4. Physiology of the Amniotic Fluid.

5. Fetal Growth and Development.

6. Mechanisms of Normal Labor.

(B) 臨床性層面(Clinical Perspective)

1. Prenatal Care.

2. Conduct of Normal Labor and Delivery.

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4. The evaluation of a newborn right after birth.

5. Common problems or disorders in Pregnancy and labor.

6. Fetal Growth Disorders.

7. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation 8. Prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy

(C) 心 理 社 會 與 倫 理 性 層 面 ( Psychosocial and Ethical Perspective)

1. Communication with patient and/or patient’s family about Surgical Treatment and Filling the Operation Consent.

2. The Ethical and Psychosocial Issues involved in Termination of Pregnancy.

3. Ethical and Psychosocial Issue involved in Preterm Labor and Selective Reduction.

(D) 社 會 性 及 流 行 病 學 層 面 ( Population and Community Health Perspective)

1. The incidence and risk Factors of hyperemesis gravidarum

2. The incidence and risk Factors of recurrent abortion

3. The incidence and risk Factors of hyditidiform moles

4. The epidemiology and risk factors for gestational diabetes.

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希望學生了解新生兒、幼兒和青春期時,正常與不正常之生長 與發育、環境的影響、健康的促進和疾病的防治。詳細的課程目 標內容如下:

(A) 生物性層面(Biological Perspective)

1. Neonatal physiology

2. Pathophysiology of lung diseases in a premature infant.

3. Fetal Circulation

4. Development and Function of the Gonads.

5. Development and Function of the Liver and Biliary System.

6. The microbiology of Rotavirus

7. Development and function of central nerve system

(B) 臨床性層面(Clinical Perspective)

1. The clinical manifestation, diagnostic approach and management of common problems occurred in a newborn, a premature infant or a child.

2. Assessment of Growth.

3. Nutritional Requirements.

4. Inborn error of metabolism 5. Common problems in a child.

6. Parent-Infant Bonding.

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Anomalies

(C) 心 理 社 會 與 倫 理 性 層 面 (Psychosocial and Ethical Perspective)

1. The Psychosocial Impact of a Premature Baby on the Mother.

2. The Psychosocial Impact of a Baby with Chromosomal Abnormalies on the Mother.

(D) 社 會 性 及 流 行 病 學 層 面 ( Population and Community Health Perspective)

1. The Incidence and Mortality of Prematurity in Taiwan

2. The Risk Factors of Prematurity 3. Problems with Teenage Pregnancy.

4. The Prevalence, Risk Factors, Types of Child Abuse & the Organization for Protection of Child Abuse

(二) 臨床技術方面

在臨床技術學習課程中,其目標是希望學生能學會:

(1 ) History Taking and Physical Examination with each age group

(2)Special Skills needed with each age group

(3)Case Presentation Skills

(4)Ability to Reading and Organize Clinical Data

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(1)從教案中建立尋找學習項目的技巧

(2)熟悉教案進行之過程

(3)有效運用各種學習資源

(4)積極的回饋(feedback)

(5)藉著同學時之評量來改進自己與 group 的缺點

(四) 個人特質發展方面

(1)培養出對病人及其家屬,和健康照顧團隊的責任

(2)能改進對同儕評量的技巧

(3)隨時充實自己所學

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