從刑法期待可能性概念論軍職人員依上級違法命令之行為 -以＜德國邊境圍牆守衛案＞為核心探討素材-

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୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢݤࡓᏢଣݤࡓࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎ!!!!

Graduate Institute of Law, College of Law National Taiwan University

Master Thesis

!!!!

வӉݤයࡑёૈ܄ཷۺፕैᙍΓ঩٩΢ભၴݤڮзϐՉࣁ!

.аɦቺ୯ᜐნൎᕅӺፁਢɧࣁਡЈ௖૸ન׷.!

Investigating the Issue of the Execution of Illegal Orders by Military Personnel under the Concept of Zumutbarkeit -Taking the “Mauerschützen” Case in Germany as Core Material-

!

ࣴزғǺླྀ!ษ!ዅ!

Yang, Hao-Chieh

!

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ໳!ᄪ!୲!റγ!

AdvisorǺDr. Huang, Jung-Chien

!

ύ๮҇୯ :8 ԃ 7 Д!

June, 2008

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ᖴ ᖴ ᖴ

ᖴ!!!!ᜏ ᜏ ᜏ!!!! ᜏ

ӧቪ๱೭ጇᖴᜏޑਔংǴΨ՟ЯႣ֋๱Ծρޑ؃Ꮲғఱाௗ߈׀ᖂΑǴջஒ

ा፯Εޗ཮Ǵ຾ΕΓғޑќ΋ঁ໘ࢤǴӧ೭ΒΜԃόᆉอޑ؃ᏢၸำύǴᕴ᝺ள ளډৣߏӕᏢϷܻ϶ϼӭޑᜢངǴၶډ೚ӭғڮύޑ຦ΓǴӢࣁ೭٤ΓޑЍ࡭Ⴔ ᓰǴϷགڙډдॺჹԾρޑය೚Ǵω࿎ߦ๱ך΋ޔոΚډ౜ӧǴૈԖᐒ཮ӧ೭ቪ

๱೭ጇᖴᜏǴᙖԜ߄ၲךޑགᖴϐཀǶ!

!

؃Ꮲၸำ΋ၡوٰाགᖴޑΓჴӧϼӭǴଯύਔޑ੤ᏤৣқᝩۘԴৣࢂቹៜ ךࡐుޑ΋ՏΓৣǴவдي΢ך࣮ډ΋ঁբࣁԴৣޑڂጄǴдჹᏢғޑҔЈϷჹ

௲ػޑ዗၈ǴჹܭךޑΓғᢀԖࡐుڅޑࡰЇբҔǴќ΋ՏाགᖴޑଯύԴৣࢂ

ᖴ᜽ഓԴৣǴவଯύεᏢډࣴز܌΋ၡوٰǴԴৣჹךᕴࢂ҅य़ӦޭۓႴᓰǴΨ ᕴࢂჹךԖࡐଯޑය೚Ǵ೭٤೿ࢂ࿎ߦךόᘐոΚӛ΢ޑ୏ΚǶ΢εᏢ຾Εݤࡓ ሦୱࡕǴӧ೚ҏذԴৣޑ௴ᆾΠǴ໒௴ΑԾρჹӉ٣ݤࡓޑᑫ፪ǴΨ೚ࢂӢࣁԾ ρჹܭԖᜢΓ܄ޑ٣ނၨགᑫ፪Ǵ܌аᆶΓ܄৲৲࣬ᜢޑӉݤ൩ుుޑ֎ЇΑך ೭ঁখΕߐޑݤࡓ߃ᏢޣǴࣗԿӧε΋ޑਔংǴ൩ҥۓדӛ҂ٰा஑װӉ٣ݤࡓ ೭ঁሦୱǴϐࡕӧӉݤޑᏢಞ΢Ǵڙډ໳ྍ౰௲௤ǵ݅ߪ੻ݤ۔ǵՖᒘണ௲௤ǵ

݅✎໢௲௤฻Դৣޑ௲ᏤǴ׳୲ۓΑԾρаӉݤբࣁԾρ҂ٰ஑ࣴሦୱޑҞ኱Ƕ

ࣴز܌Ե၂۩ၮӦԵ΢Ѡεݤࣴ܌Ǵӧݤࣴ܌ύǴ׵पғԴৣᡣךჹݤࡓԖΑό ӕޑࡘᆢǴࡰᏤ௲௤໳ᄪ୲ԴৣჹܭӉݤᝄᙣޑݯᏢᄊࡋϷჹΓғόᣭό؃ޑ॥

ጄǴ೿Їሦך۳ಞݤޑќ΋ঁቫԛගϲǴЀځाགᖴࡰᏤ௲௤໳ᄪ୲ԴৣǴவࣴ

΋໒ۈᒧঅԴৣޑፐǴӧፐ୸΢Դৣᕴࢂ཮ағࢲύޑ΋ҹλ٣ٰ֋ນךॺΓғ ޑ΋٤ਥҁၰ౛Ǵӧ଺Ꮲୢ΢ǴԴৣΨᕴࢂႴᓰךॺ߿ܭѐࡘԵǴගрԾρޑـ

ှǴ׫ΕԴৣߐΠࡕǴၟ๱Դৣ଺ࣴزीฝϷቪፕЎਔၟԴৣ૸ፕޑၸำύǴӧ ࡘԵ΢ளډԴৣࡐӭޑЇᏤϷ௴วǴԶ؂ԛ૸ፕ่״ࡕǴԴৣჹךޑЍ࡭ϷႴ

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ᓰǴᕴࢂᡣךԖ΋ᅿࡐుڅޑག୏Ǵ܌аᇥऩԾρ҂ٰӧӉݤޑሦୱԖ٤ϙሶଅ

᝘ޑ၉ǴനाགᖴޑٿঁΓǴ΋ঁࢂԾρޑӉݤ௴ᆾৣ೚ҏذԴৣǴќ΋Տ൩ࢂ

ךޑࡰᏤ௲௤໳ᄪ୲ԴৣǶ!

!

ӧΓғޑၰၡ΢ǴନΑৣߏޑЇᏤѦǴჹךԶقΨࡐख़ाޑ൩ࢂٰԾܭӕᏢ

ܻ϶΋ଆᏟର۶ԜЍ࡭ޑΚໆǴ२Ӄࢂଯύਔޑӳ϶჏উϷߪᥰǴᗨฅ΢εᏢϐ ࡕǴ۶Ԝᖄ๎Ϸـय़ޑᐒ཮όӭǴՠ΋ѿـय़ᕴࢂૈ୼ϺࠄӦчޑፋΓғǵፋ҂

ٰǴჹךԶقգॺࢂךךΓғύࡐख़ाޑ΋ިЍ࡭ޑΚໆǹεᏢਔޑӳ϶࢙ؼǵ Ϙ݇ϷߞᑣǴӢࣁε΋ୖуݤ៏໗Զᆶգॺ่ጔǴԿϞϝฅᚶۺޑࢂ྽ਔךॺࣁ Αྗഢ៏ፕКᖻԶӧࡹεޑᆕӝεኴࣴ૸࠻ύᄇڹ૸ፕװٛፕᗺǴϷ૸ፕֹ΋ଆ ѐӞ৑ڹޑٗࢤ٠ުᏟᏯޑऍӳਔӀǴϐࡕޑεᏢғࢲΨӢࣁԖգॺǴᡣךவό ࡕ৷྽߃ᒧ༤εᏢדᜫਔ଺Α΋ঁᆶ΋૓Γόӕޑ،ۓǹ຾ΕѠεݤࣴ܌ࡕǴω ว౜੿ளࢂΓѦԖΓǵϺѦԖϺǴࣴز܌ޑػണǵ࢙๔ǵդࢩǵߏԋǵഩѳ฻Ǵ வգॺي΢ว౜ԖϼӭॶளךᏢಞޑӦБǴΨޕၰԾρԖ೚ӭᔈ၀ոΚޑόىϐ

ೀǴќѦाᖴᖴӕߐޑᏢۂऩ᝴ϷྻนǴᖴᖴیॺჹܭךፕЎว߄཮ޑڐշϷӧ ךቪፕЎޑၸำύჹךޑЍ࡭ϷႴᓰǹᗋԖाགᖴεᏢਔࣴز܌᠐ਜ཮ޑუՔǵ

ࣴز܌ਔ୯Ե᠐ਜ཮ޑუՔϷ໡ฑǴӢࣁԖգॺǴᡣךӧྗഢԵ၂ޑྃДύǴޕ ၰԾρࢂόېൂޑǴࢂԖΓᆶך٠ުᏟᏯޑǹќѦाགᖴࡹε 35 ৎޑৎΓǵࡓ

૽ޑܻ϶Ȑ੝ձाᖴᖴຐඁǴӧљ૽ԭԆϐύǴᗋเᔈᔅךೀ౛ፕЎᄔामЎᙌ

᝿೽ϩޑπբȑϷݞξᏢްޑ࠻϶ǴӢࣁԖգॺǴᡣךޑεᏢϷࣴز܌ғࢲ׳ӭ ߍӭ࠮ǴЪкᅈΑऍӳޑӣᏫǶ!

!

ჹܭ೭ҁፕЎޑֹԋǴԖ൳Տࢂךགྷाගрٰ੝ձགᖴޑΓǴ२Ӄࢂα၂ہ

঩׵ࡌؼԴৣϷ׵ဃണԴৣǴ׵ࡌؼԴৣගٮך೚ӭᆶךፕЎЬᚒ࣬ᜢޑୖԵၗ

਑ǴЪӧᕷԆޑࣴزϷ௲ᏢғࢲύǴϝᜫཀܜޜٰှเך᎙᠐ቺЎЎ᝘ၗ਑΢ޑ ᅪൽǴᡣךሎགӧЈǴԶ׵ဃണԴৣ߾ࢂӢࣁࣴΒਔᏼҺԴৣڹ໔೽ޑፐᇶշ౛

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ԶᆶԴৣ่ጔǴӧ྽ਔ൩தԖᐒ཮ᆶԴৣଞჹ΋٤Ӊݤ΢ޑୢᚒ଺ుΕ૸ፕǴӧ ፕЎα၂ਔԖ۩ᗎፎԴৣᏼҺα၂ہ঩Ǵα၂ਔว౜ԴৣࡐҔЈޑ࣮ၸךޑፕ ЎǴЪӧα၂ਔ๏ΑךࡐӭፕЎБय़ޑࡌ᝼Ǵᡣך᝺ளᕇ੻ؼӭǹಃΒՏགྷा੝

ձགᖴޑࢂٺ׊Ǵᗨฅךॺ೭፸ηӕਠΜԃǴΨ྽Αஒ߈ΎԃޑӕᏢǴՠࢂӧգ

྽ծӣٰӆՐ຾ݞξࡕǴωၟգԖКၨӭޑϕ୏ǴЀځࢂࣴز܌೭നࡕޑ΋ԃǴ

΋ᖂᖴᖴ೿όىа߄ၲךჹգޑགᖴϐཀǴவգي΢ךᏢډӵՖғࢲள׳Ԗ኷

፪ǴаϷӧΓሞ΢၀ӵՖ৾ਅϷញᚶǴќѦനाགᖴգޑࢂӧךࣴز܌೭നࡕ΋

ԃय़ჹག௃΢਋שԶుགภधϷשᑃਔǴգᕴࢂа΋ঁ໼᠋ޑفՅᓨᓨഉՔЍ࡭

ךǴᡣךૈ୼ᄌᄌوрٰǴԶךޑΓғΨӢԶԖΑόӕޑёૈ܄ǹಃΟՏा੝ձ གᖴޑࢂ໋๔Ǵᗨฅᆶգӧࡐӭ٣΢ޑـှϷҥ൑όӕǴՠӧݤࡓޑᏢಞϷࣴز ၡ΢ǴӢࣁԖգ΋ଆᏢಞ૸ፕǴᡣךளډࡐӭޑ௴วϷԋߏǴЀځӧࣴز܌೭ന ࡕ΋ԃኗቪፕЎޑਔӀύǴӢࣁԖգ΋ଆࣁ۶ԜޑፕЎոΚᏟᏯǴᡣךૈ୼׳Ԗ

୏ΚǴΨයఈӧஒٰޑљݤ۔૽ግύǴૈᝩុᆶգ۶Ԝᐟᓰן࡭ǹനࡕा੝ձག ᖴޑ൩ࢂךޑРᒃϷ҆ᒃǴᖴᖴգॺவλගٮך΋ঁкᅈངޑԋߏᕉნǴᡣךૈ

୼۩ᅽז኷ޑԋߏǴգॺӧךΓғၰၡ΢ޑЍ࡭ϷႴᓰࢂךૈ୼кᅈԾߞ߻Չޑ നख़ा΋ިΚໆǴӵ݀ךޑΓғ҂ٰԖҺՖԋ൩ޑ၉Ǵ΋Ϫᄪᝬ೿ाᘜܭգॺǴ ӢࣁؒԖգॺ൩ؒԖϞϺޑךǴΨ໻аԜҁ༾ᖓޑᏢೌࣴزԋ݀᝘๏գॺǴᖴᖴ գॺჹךޑх৒ᆶЍ࡭Ƕ!

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ᄔ ᄔ ᄔ

ᄔ!!!!ा ा ा!!!! ा

!

ҁЎᇡࣁՉࣁΓՉࣁࢂցڀԖයࡑёૈ܄നਡЈޑղᘐ኱ྗᔈࣁǺȨࢂցՉ ࣁΓ྽ਔϐೀნǴ൳Я܌ԖᆶՉࣁΓӕᜪࠠϐΓҥܭՉࣁΓϐೀნࣣคёૈࣁݤ

܌යࡑϐՉࣁǴऩޭۓޑ၉Ǵ൩ёᇡࣁՉࣁΓࣁ፾ݤՉࣁคයࡑёૈ܄ǴջܭՉ ࣁΓೀნϐΠǴՉࣁΓჹܭ၀ၴݤՉࣁϐϸჹ୏ᐒᇻλܭՉࣁ୏ᐒਔǴ߾ёᇡۓ ՉࣁΓࣁ፾ݤՉࣁόڀԖයࡑёૈ܄ȩǶӧቺ୯ᜐნൎᕅӺፁਢύǴᜐნӺፁࢂ

ೀܭ΋ঁֹӄ౦ܭ౜ж҇Ьޗ཮ሽॶᢀϐཱུ៾ޗ཮ύǴ୷ܭ྽ਔܿቺ᏾ঁࡹݯғ ࢲᕉნݗൎǴࡹ۬ჹΓ҇மΚࣁࡹݯཀ᛽ࠠᄊឲᒡϷ׎༟ჹܭՋቺၗҁЬကޗ཮

ޑእჹᄊࡋǴӆу΢ᜐნӺፁவλ܌ௗڙޑޗ཮Ьက௲ػǴ΋ӆமፓჹ୯ৎࡹ۬

۸၈ޑख़ा܄ǴԶឲᒡځࠇ଒ޑΓ҇ࢂ୯ৎϷӄᡏΓ҇ϦእޑཷۺǴќѦԵໆډ

ཱུ៾ࡹ۬Πै໗ύϐঁΓ܌ڀԖޑϸלёૈ܄ǴᔈᇡࣁܿቺᜐნӺፁ྽ਔ܌ࣁޑ

৔ఠՉࣁǴᗨฅ٩Ᏽ౛܄ޑՉࣁ኱ྗǴᔈ೏ຑሽࣁόݤՉࣁǴՠӧຑሽՉࣁΓೢ

ҺਔǴԵቾډՉࣁΓ྽ਔ܌ೀϐਔжᕉნཱུ߯ᆄ౦ܭ౜ϞሽॶᢀϐᕉნǴЪՉࣁ Γӧै٣ಔᙃύ߯ೀܭനۭቫคҺՖ،ᘐ៾Κϐ୺Չ୯ৎࡰзޑفՅǴᔈᇡࣁՉ ࣁΓӧ྽ਔόࣁ৔ఠՉࣁϐՉࣁϸჹ୏ᐒᔈᇻեܭࣁ৔ఠՉࣁаߔЗΓ҇଒Ϋ ϐՉࣁ୏ᐒǴӢԶᔈᇡۓՉࣁΓӧ྽ਔે๎ΠЖલࣁӝݤՉࣁϐයࡑёૈ܄Ǵځ

৔ఠՉࣁऩคՉࣁΓҁي੝ਸёයࡑ௃׎ޑ၉ǴᔈᇡࣁՉࣁΓϐՉࣁЖલයࡑё

ૈ܄ԶளߔࠅӉ٣ೢҺǶ!

!

ᜢᗖӷǺයࡑёૈ܄ǵᜐნൎᕅӺፁਢǵ࢙݅ൎᕅ৔ఠਢǵैᙍΓ঩ǵ٩΢ભڮ зՉࣁǶ!

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Abstract

The conclusion of this thesis will be as follows. The standard to estimate the

“Possibility of Expectation (Zumutbarkeit)” under the Criminal Law should be “when people at the point of the time to act, the incentive not to offense the Criminal Law is much smaller than the incentive to take that action, and we can’t expect people to take that legal action. We can affirm that to expect people taking a legal action at that point is impossible.” According to the “Mauerschützen” Case in Germany”, under the milieu of East Germany totalitarian despotism where the nation strongly implanted ideology concept to their people, the frontier guard received socialism education which accentuated the importance of royalty to their nation. In addition, the frontier guard in the military was at the lowest position and had no right or power to make any decision.Therefore, when we think about the milieu at that time and the frontier guard’s position in the military, the action to shot the escaped citizens should be considered that the action didn’t offense the Criminal Law because there was no

“Possibility of Expectation (Zumutbarkeit)” to ask the frontier guard to take a legal action not to shot the citizens.

Key wordsΚPossibility of Expectation (Zumutbarkeit) , Mauerschützen , Military Personnel , the Execution of Orders.

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Ҟ ᒵ

รԫີ

รԫີ!! !! !! !!ፃᓵ ፃᓵ ፃᓵ ፃᓵ

...1

รԫᆏ!!ઔߒ೯ᖲፖംᠲრᢝ...1

รԫႈ!!ઔߒ೯ᖲ...1

รԲႈ!!ംᠲრᢝ...2

รԲᆏ!!ઔߒᒤ໮ፖᓵ֮ਮዌ...2

รԫႈ!!ઔߒᒤ໮...2

รԲႈ!!ᓵ֮ਮዌ...3

!

รԲີ รԲີ รԲີ รԲີ!! !! !! !!ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ))))Mauerschützen****

...5

รԫᆏ!!ഗ៕ࠃኔહན...5

รԫႈ!!ࣟᐚᢰቼ๻ਜൣउ...5

รԲႈ!!୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱऄ৳ഗ៕...5

รԿႈ!!ᢰቼښᓡࢬ࠹հਙएᥒᙁ...6

ร؄ႈ!!ച۩ᢰቼൂଽছհଖႧਐח...7

รնႈ!!ીಲՋृ࣍ڽࢨᨃࠡಲՋګפኙᢰቼښᓡհᐙ᥼...7

รքႈ!!ࣟᐚࡺا֗ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ᢰቼࠫ৫ऱ઎ऄ...8

รԲᆏ!!รԫঞᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰBGHSt 39,1α...8

รԫႈΕூٙࠃኔ...8

รԲႈΕᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ...9

รԿᆏ!!รԲঞᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰBGHSt 39,168α...10

ร؄ᆏ!!รԿঞᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰBGHSt 40, 241α...13

รնᆏ!!ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެߠᇞΰBVerfGE 95, 96α...15

รքᆏ!!ऄೃܒެߠᇞհᖂᎅေ࣫...16

รԫႈ!!ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡...16

รԲႈ!!ᆃַᙑᎄ...18

รԮᆏ!!՛࿨...20

!

รԿີ รԿີ

รԿີ รԿີ!! !! !! !!ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂΕ Ε Ε Εิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡

...23

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รԫᆏ!!ൕ۩ਙᖂፖิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរ൶ಘઝᐋิ៣խհଡԳ...23

รԲᆏ!!ࣚൕᦞ৖հषᄎ֨෻ᖂኔ᧭...26

รԫႈ ኔ᧭ഗء๻ૠፖၞၸ᧢֏ኔ᧭...26

รԫཱི ኔ᧭ഗء๻ૠ...27

รԫؾ ࢵႥኔ᧭೶ፖृ...27

รԲؾ ኔ᧭چរፖ೶ፖԳ୉...28

รԿؾ!!ኔ᧭ၞ۩࿓ݧ...28

ร؄ؾ ኔ᧭৵ऱ૿ᓫፖᇬംᦫ࠷...32

รԲཱི ၞԫޡ᧢֏ፖ൳ࠫհኔ᧭ፖኔ᧭࿨࣠...32

รԫؾ ᎟᎛ྤᜢڃᚨኔ᧭...33

รԲؾ ᜢଃڃᚨኔ᧭Εᔾ२ኔ᧭Εॆ᧯ᅸᤛኔ᧭...33

รԿؾ ኔ᧭ᛩቼፖᖂ฾ृߪ᧯णउ᧢֏ኔ᧭...37

ร؄ؾ ኔ᧭ृፖᖂ฾ृଡԳ௽ᔆ᧢֏ኔ᧭...37

รնؾ!!ኔ᧭ृ᎛ᠦኔ᧭...38

รքؾ!!Ֆࢤ܂੡ኔ᧭ኙွኔ᧭...38

รԮؾ!!ᖂ฾ृॵף೶ፖයٙኔ᧭...39

รԶؾ!!ኔ᧭چរޏ᧢ኔ᧭...40

ร԰ؾ!!ኔ᧭ኙွ۞طᙇᖗሽᚰൎ৫ኔ᧭...41

รԿཱི ᦞ৖ृߪٝچۯޏ᧢հኔ᧭...41

รԫؾ ኔ᧭ृፖᖂ฾ृ૞ޣಭ᠏ኔ᧭...43

รԲؾ!!ཏຏԳފዝኔ᧭ृ࿯ղࡎחኔ᧭...44

รԿؾ!!ኔ᧭ृፖᖂ฾ृߡۥյངኔ᧭...44

ร؄ؾ ᠨૹᦞ৖ኔ᧭...45

ร؄ཱི ቸ᧯ᐙ᥼հኔ᧭...47

รԫؾ ኔ᧭ኙွٵᕦ֘ݼᦞ৖ኔ᧭...47

รԲؾ ኔ᧭ኙွլᘣ۞ਜףሽᚰኔ᧭...49

รԲႈ ࣚൕᦞ৖଺ڂհ։࣫...49

รԫཱི ࣚൕᦞ৖հփ؆ڇڂై...50

รԫؾ ၸ్ࠫ৫ऱژڇ...50

รԲؾ!!壀ᆖᖲඳᖂΰCyberneticαऱᨠរ...51

รԿؾ ױ᧢ࢤΰVariabilityαڂై...52

ร؄ؾ ୮அ...53

รնؾ!!ࠫ৫ิ៣ᛩቼ...54

รքؾ!!ᑻᓾࠫ৫...54

รԲཱི ࣚൕᦞ৖ृ֨෻ᖲࠫհ։࣫...55

รԫؾ!!ࣚൕհڇছයٙ...55

รԲؾ!!ז෻Գणኪ...57

รԿؾ!!យٽ૞ై...59

(9)

รԿᆏ ࣚൕᦞ৖ኔ᧭հᖂᎅေ࣫...61

ร؄ᆏ!!՛࿨...66

!

ร؄ີ ร؄ີ ร؄ີ ร؄ີ!! !! !! !!૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ൶ಘ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ൶ಘ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ൶ಘ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ൶ಘ

...69

รԫᆏ!!ֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ੺ૻ...69

รԫႈ!!ֆ೭୉ᄗ࢚հ੺ࡳ...70

รԫཱི!!ᖂ෻Ղհֆ೭୉ᄗ࢚...70

รԲཱི!!ݺഏ෼۩۩ਙऄ๵Ղհֆ೭୉ᄗ࢚...70

รԿཱི!!ݺഏ෼۩٩ऄՂֆ೭୉ᄗ࢚...71

รԲႈ!!ࡎחᄗ࢚հ੺ࡳ...73

รԿႈ!!ֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭հ੺ૻ...75

ร؄ႈ!!ֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭๵ᒤհ؆ഏمऄࠏ...77

รԫཱི!!ᐚഏֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭๵ᒤ...77

รԲཱི!!჋چܓֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭๵ᒤ...78

รԿཱི!!ֲءֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭๵ᒤ...79

รնႈ!!ݺഏ෼۩ऄֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭๵ᒤհေ࣫...80

รԲᆏ!!૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕՂ్ࡎחհ੺ૻ...81

รԫႈ!!૨ၷิ៣հ௽ࢤ...81

รԲႈ!!૨Գհߡۥפ౨...82

รԿႈ!!૨Գࣚൕᆠ೭հऄ৳๵ᒤ...83

รԫཱི!!ᐚഏऄհ๵ᒤ...83

รԲཱི!!ݺഏऄհ๵ᒤ...86

ร؄ႈ ૨ԳࣚൕՂ్ࡎחհ੺ૻ...87

รԿᆏ!!՛࿨...89

!

รնີ รնີ รնີ รնີ!! !! !! !!૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕՂ్ሔऄࡎח۩੡հཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕՂ్ሔऄࡎח۩੡հཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕՂ్ሔऄࡎח۩੡հཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ ૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕՂ్ሔऄࡎח۩੡հཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ

...93

รԫᆏ!!ሔऄࢤၸᐋհေᏝ...93

รԫႈ ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡...93

รԲႈ ᆠ೭ᓢડ...99

รԿႈ ൎࠫࢤጹ৺ᝩᣄ...101

รԲᆏ!!ཚৱױ౨ࢤհေᏝ...103

รԫႈ!!ᆞຂ଺ঞፖᆞຂփො...103

รԲႈ!!ཚৱױ౨ࢤ...108

รԫཱི ཚৱױ౨ࢤᄗ࢚հ࿇୶ᖵ׾...108

รԲཱི ཚৱױ౨ࢤհ᧯ߓࡳۯ...112

รԿཱི ཚৱױ౨ࢤհᔞشᒤ໮...114

(10)

ร؄ཱི ཚৱױ౨ࢤհܒឰᑑᄷ...118 รԿႈ!!ࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡࠉՂ్ࡎח۩੡հཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ...122 รԿᆏ!!՛࿨...126

รքີ

รքີ!! !! !! !!࿨ᓵ ࿨ᓵ ࿨ᓵ ࿨ᓵ

...127

ॵಖ ॵಖ

ॵಖ ॵಖ!! !! !! !!ءᓵ֮৵ᥛઌᣂৱઔߒհᤜᠲ ءᓵ֮৵ᥛઌᣂৱઔߒհᤜᠲ ءᓵ֮৵ᥛઌᣂৱઔߒհᤜᠲ ءᓵ֮৵ᥛઌᣂৱઔߒհᤜᠲ

...131

೶ە ೶ە

೶ە ೶ە֮᣸ ֮᣸ ֮᣸ ֮᣸

...132

(11)

รԫີ

รԫີ!! !! !!ፃᓵ !! ፃᓵ ፃᓵ ፃᓵ

รԫᆏ รԫᆏ รԫᆏ

รԫᆏ!!!!!!!!ઔߒ೯ᖲፖംᠲრᢝઔߒ೯ᖲፖംᠲრᢝઔߒ೯ᖲፖംᠲრᢝ!!!!ઔߒ೯ᖲፖംᠲრᢝ รԫႈรԫႈ

รԫႈรԫႈ!!!!!!!!ઔߒ೯ᖲઔߒ೯ᖲઔߒ೯ᖲ!ઔߒ೯ᖲ

ڇ෼זഏ୮խΔֆ೭୉ᖜٚച۩ഏ୮ٚ೭հૹ૞ߡۥΔۖ੡Աڶய෷چሒګ ֆ೭Δֆ೭᧯ߓຏൄ๯๻ૠګՂࡎՀൕհઝᐋ᧯ࠫΔೈԱ֟ᑇࠠڶᖆऄঅᎽ൓ᗑ مച۩៭೭հֆ೭୉ΰࠏڕऄࡴα؆Δൕࡎחऱᐋ૿ۖߢΔՀ్ֆ೭୉ኙ࣍Ղ్

ֆ೭୉հࡎחؘႊףאࣚൕΙൕऄ৳ऱᐋ૿ۖߢΔլᓵՂՀ్ֆ೭୉Δഗ࣍ࠉऄ

۩ਙ଺ঞΔኙ࣍مऄᖲᣂࢬࠫૡհऄ৳ؘႊףאച۩Δڇऄ৳ࢨࡎחآሔહഗء Գᦞࢨآڶٚ۶ኔᔆሔऄࢤऱൣݮՀΔֆ೭୉ࢬ੡ऱ៭೭۩੡Δܛࠌ᥆࣍ᇠᅝ٩ ऄዌګ૞ٙհ۩੡Δഗ࣍ऄ఼ݧԫ᧯ࢤ଺ঞΔᇠ࿛៭೭۩੡່৵ࠀլᄎ๯ေᏝ੡

٩ऄՂհحᆞ۩੡Δ܀ૉՂ్ֆ೭୉հࡎחࠠڶኔᔆሔऄࢤΔࢨृ੷׊ֆ೭୉ച

۩հऄ৳ءߪܛ᥆࣍ሔ֘ഗءԳᦞࢨሔᖆհऄ৳Δ੡ᇠ࿛៭೭۩੡հֆ೭୉ߒᚨ ڕ۶ڇ٩ऄՂ๯ေᏝܛ੡ԫଖ൓൶ಘհࡎᠲΖ!

!

!!!!ڇֆ೭᧯ߓխΔԾ᥆૨ၷ᧯ߓ੡່ᣤ௑૞ޣՂࡎՀൕհઝᐋิ៣Δڇԫ౳ֆ ೭᧯ߓխΔՀ్ֆ೭୉ૉլࣚൕՂ్ֆ೭୉հࡎחΔױ౨ືڍ࠹ࠩ۩ਙՂհᡕ

๠Δ܀ڇ૨ၷխΔՀ్૨៭Գ୉ૉլࣚൕՂ్հࡎחΔࡸױ౨ዌګ૨٩ऄխऱψݼ ࡎᆞωΔۖᄎ๯ઝ๠٩ፆΔࠡહ৵ەၦհ଺ط੡૨ၷհٚ೭੡অᓡഏ୮ڜ٤Δࣂ ᗧ؆ࠐॿحΔૉ૞౨ႉܓሒګڼٚ೭Δঞؘႊຘመԫଡڶயऱਐཀ᧯ߓΔ֗಻ٽ ኙ૨៭Գ୉հࣚൕඒߛΔࡨ౨ݙ٤࿇ཀ૨ၷհᖲ౨Δڂڼڇ૨ၷຍᑌԫଡڕڼൎ ᓳ࿪ኙࣚൕհઝᐋิ៣խΔૉՂ్૨៭Գ୉հࡎחሔ֘ऄחΔࢨ੷۟ሔ֘ഗءԳ ᦞፖഏᎾऄհ๵ᒤழΔՀ్૨៭Գ୉ߒຶᚨ۶ࢬᔞൕΔܛ੡ԫଖ൓൶ߒհംᠲΖ!

!

!!!!ڇԫڻઔಘᄎխೝྥچᦫፊࠩᐚഏመװԫଡထټऱூٙ.ᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ

))))Mauerschützen****Δᇠூٙ௫֗ࣟᐚழཚऱᢰቼښᓡڂࣚൕՂ్հࡎח୴වٞቹ

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ൕࣟᐚಲ࢓۫ᐚհԳاΔۖ࣍ࠟᐚอԫ৵ΔઃڂࠡᅝழࣚൕՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ۖ๯

ܒ٩ΔڇᦫፊຍᑌԫଡூٙऱᅝழΔمࠥᨃݺ৸ەࠩऱംᠲਢΔૉᅝழ۞աਢ߷

ࠄ๯ࡎח୴වಲՋԳاհᢰቼښᓡΔݺਢܡڶ౨ԺΕᖲᄎࢨট௛װࢴ࿪ࣚൕຍᑌ ऱԫଡՂ్ࡎחΔ֠ࠡᝫؘႊലᅝழऱਙएࣷ໮ፖᇠழזऱრᢝীኪᥒᙁەၦၞ

ࠐऱᇩΔݺৰᣄ्ࡳ۞աڶߩജऱሐᐚট௛װ֘ݼຍᑌԫଡࡎחΔ܀ڇᇠூٙ

խΔ߷ࠄᢰቼښᓡ່৵ઃ๯ᎁࡳᚨ૤٩ࠃՂհຂٚΔኙࠡᅝழ۩੡ڕڼေᏝऱ࿨

ᓵΔᨃݺլᆃ֘৸ࠩຍᑌऱ࿨ᓵਢܡڶەၦࠩཚৱױ౨ࢤऱംᠲΛא֗ਢܡటإ ฤٽᆞຂ଺ঞऱ૞ޣΛຍࠄጊ༝ᨃݺᘋದ൶ಘຍᑌԫଡംᠲऱ೯ᖲΖ!

!

รԲႈ

รԲႈ!!!!!!!!ംᠲრᢝംᠲრᢝംᠲრᢝ!!!!ംᠲრᢝ

ڇ૨ၷ᧯ߓխऱՀ్૨៭Գ୉ΔܛࠌࣔवࠡࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ሔ֘ഗءԳᦞ ࢨԳࢤ༇ᣤΔ܀ڇ૨ၷڕڼᣤ௑૞ޣՂࡎՀൕհઝᐋ᧯ߓխΔᇠ࿛Հ్૨៭Գ୉

լመ੡૨ၷ᧯ߓՀऱԫଡച۩ृΔࠡࠀྤߩജऱԺၦװࢴ࿪ച۩ᇠ࿛ኔᔆሔऄհ ࡎחΔ੷׊ࢴ࿪ച۩ᇠࡎחࡸױ౨ທګՀ్૨៭Գ୉ءߪߪ୮ࢤࡎತขհٲᣄ ழΔݺଚᇠڕ۶װٽ෻ေᏝᇠ࿛Հ్૨៭Գ୉ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡Λ!!

!

ءᓵ֮ኙ࣍Հ్૨៭Գ୉ࠉՂ్ࡎחհሔऄ۩੡ࢬขسհംᠲრᢝΔ׌૞এ ፋྡྷ࣍ཚৱױ౨ࢤംᠲհ൶ಘΔܛಾኙڇ٩ऄحᆞၸᐋေᏝ᧯ߓխࠠڶሔऄࢤհ ࠉՂ్ࡎח۩੡Δࠐ൶ߒࠡਢܡڶࠉཚৱױ౨ࢤᄗ࢚ॴথᆞຂհױ౨ࢤΖ!

!

รԲᆏรԲᆏ

รԲᆏรԲᆏ!!!!!!!!ઔߒઔߒઔߒᒤ໮ፖᓵ֮ਮዌઔߒᒤ໮ፖᓵ֮ਮዌᒤ໮ፖᓵ֮ਮዌ!!!!ᒤ໮ፖᓵ֮ਮዌ ร

ร ร

รԫԫԫԫႈႈႈႈ!!!!!!!!ઔߒઔߒઔߒᒤ໮ઔߒᒤ໮ᒤ໮!!!!ᒤ໮

ૉലլऄေᏝհૹរᑑᄷᆜ࣍ψ෻ࢤ۩੡ᑑᄷհܒឰωऱᇩΔڇᐚഏᢰቼ໮

ᛥښᓡூհூࠏࠃኔխΔᅝழࣟᐚᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡ୴වಲՋԳاհ۩੡Δྤᓵڕ۶ ຟᣄאᎁࡳࠡฤٽ෻ࢤ۩੡հᑑᄷΔڂڼءᓵ֮ಾኙᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூூࠏࠃ ኔլऄေᏝຝ։ऱ൶ಘΔႛലᑇଡፖءூூࠏࠃኔڶઌᣂࢤհॴথሔऄࠃط༼נ

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೚ॣޡհ൶ಘΔ٤ᓵ֮հ൶ಘྡྷរঞ׌૞ႃխ࣍٩ऄڶຂࢤေᏝऱຝ։Ζ

ಾኙᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூூࠏࠃኔհڶຂࢤေᏝΔءᓵ֮ઔߒᒤ໮ૻ࣍ൕ٩ ऄཚৱױ౨ࢤऱߡ৫ࠐ൶ߒՀ్૨៭Գ୉ࠉՂ్ࡎחհሔऄ۩੡ऱ٩ऄေᏝം

ᠲΔڇᓵᢞመ࿓խΔല֧ش൶ಘषᄎᖂ֗षᄎ֨෻ᖂઌᣂ֮᣸ᇷறΔࠐךኔڇء ᓵ֮׌ᠲՀཚৱױ౨ࢤհփොΖ!

!

!!!!ڇ೶ە֮᣸ֱ૿Δڂૻ࣍ઔߒழၴ֗፿֮౨ԺհૻࠫΔႛ೶ەխ֮Ε૎֮֗

ᐚ֮ઌᣂհ֮᣸ᇷறΖ

รԲ รԲ รԲ

รԲႈႈႈႈ!!!!!!!!ᓵ֮ਮዌᓵ֮ਮዌᓵ֮ਮዌ!ᓵ֮ਮዌ

ڇรԫີፃᓵխΔല༼נءᓵ֮հઔߒ೯ᖲΕംᠲრᢝΕઔߒᒤ໮֗ᓵ֮ਮ ዌΖ!

!

ڇรԲີխঞտฯᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூഗ៕ࠃኔહནΔࠀආᖗԿঞᐚഏᢰቼ

໮ᛥښᓡூཏຏऄೃܒެ֗ԫঞᐚഏᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃܒެΔףאտฯࠡխհூࠏࠃ ኔፖऄೃᣂ࣍٩ࠃຂٚຝ։ऱܒެߠᇞΔא֗տฯᐚഏᖂᎅՂኙ࣍ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥ ښᓡூऄೃܒެߠᇞհေ࣫Ζ!

!

ڇรԿີխല։ܑൕ۩ਙᖂΕิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫Δࠐ൶ಘઝᐋ

ิ៣հሎ܂Δิ៣խհଡԳ֗ิ៣խଡԳ۩੡փڇհ֨෻ሎ܂ᖲࠫΔࠡխലထૹ

࣍տฯषᄎ֨෻ᖂृ Stanley Milgram ऱࣚൕᦞ৖ኔ᧭ΰObedience to AuthorityαΖ!

!

ڇร؄ີխലၞԵኙ࣍Հ్૨៭Գ୉ࠉՂ్ࡎח۩੡ऄ৳ᐋ૿Ղऱ൶ಘΔଈ ٣ᎅࣔᣂ࣍ֆ೭୉ࣚൕᆠ೭ֱ૿ऱംᠲΔհ৵٦ലྡྷរፋྡྷ࣍Հ్૨៭Գ୉ࣚൕ Ղ్ࡎחհ੺ૻΖ!

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!

ڇรնີխലଈ٣༉٩ऄحᆞၸᐋܒឰ᧯ߓሔऄࢤၸᐋփΔᣂ࣍૨៭Գ୉ࣚ

ൕՂ్ࡎחհዌګ૞ٙᇠᅝ۩੡Δࢬױ౨ዌګհॴথሔऄࠃط܂ԫ១໢հ൶ಘΖ

ྥ৵൷ထא٩ऄᆞຂ଺ঞᄗ࢚੡ഗ៕Δൕ٩ऄحᆞܒឰၸᐋ᧯ߓڶຂࢤၸᐋխཚ ৱױ౨ࢤऱߡ৫Δࠐ൶ߒՀ్૨៭Գ୉ࠉՂ్ࡎחհሔऄ۩੡ऱཚৱױ౨ࢤေᏝ

ംᠲΖ!

!

ڇรքີխঞጵٽኴ૪ءᓵ֮ছնີ൶ಘհૹរΔྥ৵༼נءᓵ֮հ࿨ᓵᨠ រΖ!

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รԲີ

รԲີ!! !! !! !!ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ ᐚഏᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூ))))Mauerschützen****

^!

รԫᆏ รԫᆏรԫᆏ

รԫᆏ!!!!!!ഗ៕ࠃኔહན!!ഗ៕ࠃኔહནഗ៕ࠃኔહན!!!!ഗ៕ࠃኔહན

!!!!࣍ࣟ۫ᐚอԫհছΔڇࣟᐚऱࠟᐚᢰቼ๠ڶ੡ᑇฒڍऱԳଚڂ୴ᚰࣳᕴΕچ ሼ֗۞೯୴ᚰ๻ໂऱࠌشۖ࠹႞ࢨໜࡎΔ௅ᖕࡴֱอૠᑇᖕΔ۟֟ڶ 375 ٙڽՋ

ூٙΖڇࠟᐚอԫհ৵Δլႛᅝழऴ൷੡୴ᚰ۩੡հᢰቼښᓡڂຍࠄࠃٙۖ๯ದ

္Δࣟᐚഏ୮֗૨ၷᏆᖄၸᐋऱګ୉Ոڂ࿜೯ຍࠄ۩੡֗৬ዌፖፂ਍ᢰቼࠫ৫ۖ

๯ಳߒΔ׊ᢰቼښᓡऱՂ్९ࡴٍڂႚሒࡎחۖႊ૤ຂ²Ζ!

!

รԫႈ

รԫႈ!!!!!!!!ࣟᐚᢰቼ๻ਜൣउࣟᐚᢰቼ๻ਜൣउࣟᐚᢰቼ๻ਜൣउ!!!!ࣟᐚᢰቼ๻ਜൣउ

!!!!ࣟᐚऱᢰቼ๻ਜൣउڕՀΚڇࣟਹࣥ၏ᠦࣟ۫ਹࣥᢰቼնֆߺհ๠๻ڶԫሐ

໮ᛥΔڇᇠ໮ᛥፖࣟ۫ਹࣥᢰቼ໮ᛥၴપնֆߺऱᒤ໮੡৞᠙೴഑Δڇڼ೴഑փ ᐖ๻ڶॾᇆਰ᥏ΕᨠኘჃΕ጑ီ߲᧤ၷΕᖲ೯߫৞᠙ᄮ྄࿛Δ׼؆ڇڼᒤ໮փऱ

๺ڍ೴੄܉ڶچሼ֗۞೯୴ᚰ๻ໂ³Ζ!

!

รԲႈ

รԲႈ!!!!!!!!୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱऄ৳ഗ៕୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱऄ৳ഗ៕୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱऄ৳ഗ៕!!!!୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱऄ৳ഗ៕

!!!!۞ൕࣟᐚലࠟᐚ։੺ᒵ৞᠙৵Δࣟᐚᢰቼऱऄ৳णኪܛຘመऄ৳ය֮ףא๵

ࡳΔࣟᐚԳاנቼऱᦞܓ۞ڼ࠹ࠩૻࠫΖൕ 2:65 ڣၲࡨΔࠉᅃࣟᐚנԵቼऄ ΰPaßgesetzαรԶය๵ࡳ⁴Δآᆖ๺ױհנቼ۩੡ࠠڶױ٩ፆࢤΖڇ 2:79 ڣΔຍ ය๵ࡳط࣍ᄅࣟᐚ٩ऄհسயۖ๯ࣟᐚ٩ऄร 324 යॺऄማ။ᢰቼᆞ⁵ࢬ࠷ז⁶Ζ!

1 Rummler , in : Marxen/Werle , Die strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung von DDR-Unrecht Eine Bilanz , 1999 , S. 8.

3 ࣟᐚנԵቼऄรԶයΚψآᆖւ๺ᠦၲᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏᏆ഑ছ࢓הഏΔ൓๠אԿڣאՀڶཚ ஈ٩ωΖ

4 (1)1968ڣࣟᐚ٩ऄร 213 යร 1 ႈΚψॺऄॿԵᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏΔࢨॺऄዩఎࠡխ…Δࢨآ ᆖഏ୮ւ๺ۖᠦၲᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏᏆ഑ृΔ…൓๠אԲڣאՀڶཚஈ٩ࢨᒷ٩Εፆ८ࢨֆ

ၲᥧຂωΙร 2 ႈ๵ࡳףૹॺऄማ။ᢰቼᆞ൓๠אնڣאՀڶཚஈ٩Ιร 4 ႈ๵ࡳءᆞհቃ ໂ֗آሑፆհΖ

(2)1979ڣࣟᐚ٩ऄร 213 යร 1 ႈΚψॺऄማ။ᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏᢰቼΔࢨഗ࣍ᑉழೖఎ࣍ᐚ რݳا׌٥ࡉഏቼփհؾऱ֗መቼհؾऱΔۖॿحᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏᢰቼृΔ൓๠אԲڣא

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!

!!!!ࣟᐚڇᖆऄ๵ࡳֱ૿Δ2:5: ڣऱࣟᐚᖆऄ։ܑڇรԶය֗รԼයรԿႈΔ অᎽԳاհࡺ۰۞طᦞ֗ᔢൔ۞طᦞΔ2:79 ڣࣟᐚᖆऄঞএڇร 43 යᓿղԳا ᔢൔ۞طᦞΔ܀ൕ 2:85 ڣ 21 ִ 8 ֲၲࡨΔᖆऄය֮ႛ֮ࣔᓿղԳاڇࣟᐚቼփ հᔢൔ۞طᦞΖࣟᐚԳاנቼ۞طਢᄕጤ࠹ૻऱΔ᜔ਢྤٚ۶෻طܛ๯ᆃַנቼ

7Ζ!

!

!!!!נቼऱૻࠫڇࣟᐚᢰቼຘመࣳԺհࠌشۖ๯຃ኧΖڇᢰቼࠌش୴ᚰࣳᕴհࠠ

᧯๵ࡳڇ 2:93 ڣᢰቼऄࠫૡছΔຟਢլຘࣔۖᘨ๕ڕ෡ऱΖ2:93 ڣֆؒऱᢰቼ ऄڇร 38 ය⁸௽ܑಾኙࣟᐚऱಲՋृ๵ࡳ୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱ๵ᒤΖೈԱᢰቼऄհ

؆Δࠡኔᣂ࣍୴ᚰࣳᕴऱࠌشΔڇᅝழࣟᐚࡸژڇڶ๺ڍॺإڤऱਐח⁹Ζ!

!

รԿႈ

รԿႈ!!!!!!!!ᢰቼښᓡࢬ࠹հਙएᥒᙁᢰቼښᓡࢬ࠹հਙएᥒᙁᢰቼښᓡࢬ࠹հਙएᥒᙁ!!!!ᢰቼښᓡࢬ࠹հਙएᥒᙁ

!!!!ࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡএڇषᄎ׌ᆠ৸უ֗ፖڼઌᚨኙ࣍۫ᐚ֗ࠡԳاऱᑅኙრᢝ խګ९Δ׊࣍൷࠹ඒߛಝᒭழΔ๯ൎ௺ਜղრᢝীኪհᥒᙁΔࠡڇਙएᓰ࿓խ๯

ᥒᙁΚψԫ౳ऱࣟᐚԳاנቼհױ۩ຜஉ੡༼ננቼعᓮΔآᆖւ๺ۖ඿ᠦၲࣟ

ᐚृΔؘਢᆞحࢨഏ୮հধஈΔڕڼऱማ။ᢰቼ۩੡ؘႊ๯ॴַΙᝫڶΔֱ۫ᇷ ء׌ᆠऱዻ༝ृຝ։ᄎፖᄭ۞ࣟᐚऱᢰቼॿحृΔ࠰Ժٽ܂ኙࣟᐚऱᢰቼൂଽ֗

Հڶཚஈ٩ࢨᒷ٩Εࣅݰࢨፆ८ωΙร 3 ႈΚψحءයհᆞۖࠠڶՀ٨ൣݮհԫृΔ൓๠אԫ ڣאՂԶڣאՀڶཚஈ٩Κ1.ٲ֗הԳسࡎࢨ೜ൈΙ2.᥋൅ࣳᕴࢨࠌشࠠڶٲᙠࢤհ֫੄ࢨ

ֱऄ੡հΙ3.׌ᨠࠠڶൎ௺ኔ۩հრቹΙ4.ຘመೕທᢞٙ(ă240)Ε೗ທᢞࣔ(ă242)ࢨᛒشᢞ

ٙ੡հΙ5.ፖהԳ٥ٵ੡հΙ6.۩੡Գբམڂॺऄማ။ᢰቼۖ๯๠א٩ፆωΙร 4 ႈΚψቃໂ

֗آሑፆհωΖ

7 ࣟᐚᢰቼऄร 27 යร 2 ႈΚψ੡Աॴַૹᆞհح۩ऱܛലኔ۩ࢨᤉᥛኔ۩Δ୴ᚰࣳᕴհࠌشএ

๯ւ๺ωΖ

(17)

ᢰቼ๻ਜၞ۩ࣳᇘސᚰω^:Ζ!!

!

ร؄ႈ

ร؄ႈ!!!!!!!!ച۩ᢰቼൂଽছհଖႧਐחച۩ᢰቼൂଽছհଖႧਐחച۩ᢰቼൂଽছհଖႧਐח!!!!ച۩ᢰቼൂଽছհଖႧਐח

!!!!ψଖႧਐחωΰVergatterungαএਐڇښᓡנႧհছΔطՂ్९ࡴࢬՀሒᣂ࣍

ଖႧᚨᙅښࠃႈΔץਔଖႧچរΕᒤ໮ΕᦞૻΕՑח࿛ΔVergatterung ԫဲএᄭ

࣍ڰཚ૨ၷࠫ৫ΔڇଖႧհছലՓ܎ᣂڇΰvergattertαԫࡳ๠ࢬΔࠌࠡگ֨Δא

ঁܐᙩച۩ٚ೭¹⁰ΖڇࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡޢڻଖႧছኙࠡࢬ੡հψଖႧਐחωऱு֨

ຫ૪੡Κψማ။ᢰቼऱ۩੡ྤᓵٚ۶ൣउՀઃլ๯ւ๺Δᢰቼॿحृᚨ๯ၚ஢ࢨ ᥑᚺωΔڂۖขسԫଡ១໢ऱՑᇆ੡ΚψኑױીಲՋृ࣍ڽΔՈլᚨᨃࠡಲՋګ פωΖឈྥڇࠟᐚอԫছऱ່৵༓ڣΔښᓡլ٦๯૞ޣװᥑᚺಲՋृΔ׽ᚨ୴ᚰ ಲՋृհᆬຝࠌࠡྤԺಲՋܛױΔ܀׼ԫֱ૿ڇଖႧਐחխսԫ౳ࢤچআࠌښᓡ ขسྤᓵڕ۶ຟᚨᇠॴַಲՋृማ။ᢰቼऱუऄΔٵழښᓡطࠡՂ్९ࡴ๠ឆપ ᛧ൓ીಲՋृ࣍ڽਢ๯୲๺ऱუऄΔڇښᓡՓ܎ऱᄗ࢚խΔԫଡբڽऱಲՋृΔ

᜔ਢֺԫଡګפऱಲՋृ੡ࠋ¹¹Ζ

ࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡՓ܎ڇ૿ኙڶԳማ။ᢰቼಲՋऱൣउழΔຏൄ੡Հ٨๠ᆜ۩

੡Κࡅ໗ಲՋृ૞ޣࠡೖַಲՋ۩੡ШٞቹಳՂಲՋृᆬޡШ੡ᤞܫࢤ୴ᚰШ໢

࿇ጒᄷ୴ᚰಲՋृፒຝΰૉڶؘ૞ழڍڻαШၞԫޡ୴ᚰΔ࣍ᆄլ൓բழᚰᚺಲ ՋृΔऴࠩॴַಲՋ੡ַ²³Ζ!

!

รնႈรնႈ

รնႈรնႈ!!!!!!!!ીಲՋृ࣍ڽࢨᨃࠡಲՋګפኙᢰቼښᓡհᐙ᥼ીಲՋृ࣍ڽࢨᨃࠡಲՋګפኙᢰቼښᓡհᐙ᥼ીಲՋृ࣍ڽࢨᨃࠡಲՋګפኙᢰቼښᓡհᐙ᥼ીಲՋृ࣍ڽࢨᨃࠡಲՋګפኙᢰቼښᓡհᐙ᥼!!!!

!!!!ࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡ੡ॴַಲՋृಲՋۖᚰᚺಲՋृழΔࠀլᄎڂࠡ୴ᚰ۩੡ۖڶ

10 ޕ৬ߜΔψ᠏ীլإᆠΛ-ॣᓵᐚഏऄೃፖᑛ੊Գᦞऄೃψਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூωઌᣂဪܒωΔሉ࣍

ִ؟ऄᖂᠧ፾ร 148 ཚΔ2007 ڣ 9 ִΔร 8 ଄ု 13Ζ

(18)

ٚ۶լܓհ৵࣠Δլᄎڂۖၞ۩ኙ࣍ᇠᢰቼښᓡऱ๠෻ፖᓳ਷࿓ݧΔ୴ᚰࣳᕴऱ ࠌش່ึ᜔ਢ๯ᎁ੡ਢਢٽऄऱΖԫଡᢰቼښᓡ࣍ګפॴַಲՋृಲՋհ৵Δ᜔

ਢᄎ๯।ཆ֗ᑻᓾΔࠀᛧ൓ᕬີ֗ᑻ८Δࠀ׊ᙟհ൓ࠩவ֒Ι֘հΔᢰቼښᓡૉ

ࢴ࿪ച۩ࡎחࢨլݙ٤ച۩ࡎחΔࠏڕ֧ԳࣹؾऱآᚰխؾᑑΔലᄎᔡ࠹ᡕݹࢨ ٩ፆհ๠ፆΔᢰቼښᓡཏሙຟᖜ֨ૉլച۩૨ࠃࡎחᄎ๯๠א೏৫۞ط٩֗๯ಬ Ե༞ټᔡኦऱ૨ࠃ጑ጂխ²⁴Ζ!

!

รքႈ

รքႈ!!!!!!!!ࣟᐚࡺا֗ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ᢰቼࠫ৫ऱ઎ऄࣟᐚࡺا֗ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ᢰቼࠫ৫ऱ઎ऄࣟᐚࡺا֗ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ᢰቼࠫ৫ऱ઎ऄ!!!!ࣟᐚࡺا֗ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ᢰቼࠫ৫ऱ઎ऄ

!!!!Օຝ։ऱࣟᐚԳاࠀլᢥګ࣍ᢰቼࠌش୴ᚰࣳᕴΔܛࠌਢᢰቼښᓡՈԺޣ࣍

ଖႧழΔאψػۥऱ֫୚ωΰweißen HandschuhenαݙګႧ೭ΔՈ༉ਢݦඨآᔡሖ

ٚ۶ማ။ᢰቼհಲՋࠃٙۖኙԳا੡୴ᚰ۩੡²⁵Ζ!

!

ร ร ร

รԲԲԲԲᆏᆏᆏᆏ!!!!!!!!รԫঞรԫঞรԫঞรԫঞᢰቼᢰቼᢰቼᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰΰΰΰBGHSt 39,1αααα!!!!

รԫႈ

รԫႈΕΕΕΕூٙࠃኔூٙࠃኔூٙࠃኔ!!!!ூٙࠃኔ

!!!!๯ܫ W ፖ H ਢࣟᐚழཚਹࣥ໮ᛥᢰቼښᓡၷऱګ୉ΔW ਢԫۯՀ్૨ࡴ֗

طࠟଡԳࢬิګൂଽऱଽ९ΔH ঞਢԫۯ๯੔ٚᕋښਹࣥ໮ᛥऱՓ܎ΖS ਢԫۯ ԲԼᄣऱࣟᐚԳاΔᅝࠡڇ 1984 ڣ 12 ִ 1 ֲରඣ 3 រ 15 ։إ૞ᡙ။ Pankow

೴ऱ໮ᛥ࢓ Wedding ೴ऱֱٻಲՋழΔڇਹࣥ໮ᛥல๯ W ֗ H ୴ᚰΖ

ڇኙ S ୴ᚰছΔW ࡅ໗૞ޣ S ీ۰ࠀ࿇୴ᤞܫࢤ୴ᚰΔհ৵ൕ၏ᠦ S ԫۍ նԼֆ֡๠ऱൂଽჃኙ S ୴ᚰΔڇ S ௬נֽ૿ழΔH ഗ࣍ W ऱࡎחۖᠦၲൂଽ ჃΔڇ၏ᠦ S પԫۍԫԼֆ֡๠୴ᚰ SΔᅝ S إ૞࿆Ղଘᔾڇ໮ᛥՂհඪ՗ழΔ

๯๯ܫ۞೯ޡዓհ୴ᚰᚰխΔᅝ S ԫೋ֫բᡙᆜ࣍໮ᛥືጤழΔW ୴ᚰ S հહ

(19)

ຝΔᇠ୴ᚰএ S ڽՋհ଺ڂΔS ឈٍᔡ H ୴խᓃ።Δ܀ᇠ႞Ցኙ࣍ S ऱڽՋլ

ࠠڶૹ૞ࢤΖ

ࠉᖕࣟᐚᢰቼऄร 27 යร 2 ႈร 1 ؁๵ࡳΔᅝᢰቼښᓡ੡Աॴַ᥆࣍ૹᆞ ऱᤉᥛࢤحᆞ۩੡Δࠌش୴ᚰࣳᕴਢٽࡵᔞᅝऱΖऴ൷൷ᤛਹࣥ໮ᛥሔ֘ᅝழࣟ

ᐚ٩ऄร 213 යॺऄማ။ᢰቼᆞΔڇՕຝ։ᇠᣊூٙխΔ௅ᖕٵऄร 213 යร 2

ႈ๯ေᏝ੡ૹᆞۖ๠א 2 ڣאՂڶཚஈ٩Ζ

ڇᢰቼښᓡޢڻച۩ࠡښᓡٚ೭ছΔຟᄎၞ۩ႃٽאࠌࠡᛵᇞࠡ៭ຂհಝ ᇩΔຘመڼመ࿓ࠐࠌᢰቼښᓡ٦ԫڻᎁवࠡ๯ᓿղհٚ೭Δۖച۩ښᓡٚ೭ছऱ ଖႧࡎחΰVergatterungα।ሒԫଡு֨଺ঞਢΚ࿪լ୲ݴሔऄማ။ᢰቼऱ۩੡Ζ ଖႧࡎח૞ޣᢰቼښᓡڇ࿇෼ማ။ᢰቼհ۩੡ழၞ۩Հ٨۩੡ᑓڤΚࡅ໗૞ޣಲ Ջृೖַማ။ᢰቼ۩੡Шᤞܫࢤ୴ᚰШ೗ڕڶؘ૞ऱᇩڍڻࢤچጒᄷಲՋृፒ ຝ୴ᚰШၞԫޡ୴ᚰΔڇլ൓բழዓᚺಲՋृאॴַࠡಲՋΖ១ۖߢհΔࠉᅃࡎ חࢬਐقऱு֨଺ঞਢΚኑױીಲՋृ࣍ڽՈլ౨ࠌࠡಲՋګפ²⁶Ζ!

!

รԲႈรԲႈ

รԲႈรԲႈΕΕΕΕᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ!!!!ᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ

!!!!ءூऱᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऄࡴ࣍ܒެխᎁ੡๯ܫഗ࣍ࡎחࢬ੡ऱවԳ۩੡Δ౒׎

᧩ထऱॴথሔऄࠃطΔۖᒔᎁԱᇠවԳ۩੡ऱሔऄࢤΔ൷ृڇ๯ܫ٩ࠃຂٚऱܒ ឰՂΔឈྥࣟᐚᅝழऱုᤩ஼ڶߠᇞᎁ੡ૉ๯ܫࠀآᗨᄕچᎁᢝࠩࠡച۩ऱࡎח এሔ֘٩ऄ๵ࡳΔܛױॴথ٩ࠃຂٚΔ܀ऄೃᎁ੡ຍᑌऱߠᇞፖࣟᐚᅝழऱऄ৳

֮ᆠਢլઌฤٽऱΔࠉᅃࣟᐚ٩ऄร 369 යร 2 ႈ๵ࡳ²⁷ΔښᓡՓ܎ࢬച۩ऱࡎ חૉਢࣔ᧩چΰoffensichtlichαሔ֘ֆᎁऱഏᎾऄ๵ᒤࢨृਢሔ֘٩ऄ๵ࡳΔښ ᓡՓ܎սႊኙࠡച۩ࡎחऱ۩੡૤ᖜ٩ࠃຂٚΖڇءூխΔऄೃᎁ੡ࠉᖕ๯ܫբ

15 BGHSt 39,1= NJW 1993 , 141.

16 ࣟᐚ٩ऄร 258 යร 1 ႈΚψ૨Գച۩Ղ్ࡎחऱ۩੡լႊ૤ᖜ٩ࠃຂٚΔೈॺᇠࡎחऱച۩

ࣔ᧩ሔ֘ֆᎁऱഏᎾऄ๵ᒤࢨ٩ऄωΖ

(20)

वऱൣउΔࠡഗ࣍ࡎחۖ੡ऱ୴ᚰ۩੡এᤛح٩ऄՂհවԳᆞਢࣔ᧩ױवऱ ΰoffensichtlichα²⁸Ζ!

!

!!!!׼؆Δڇءூխऄೃᎁ੡ኙ࣍ԫଡ֫ྤ՚ᥳऱಲՋृਜאຑᥛऱ୴ᚰທګࠡ

ڽՋΔྤᓵڕ۶ຟਢԫጟஎࢠ׊޲ڶٚ۶෻طߩאٽऄ֏ऱ۩੡Δኙ࣍ٚ۶ԫଡ

࠹መඒߛऱԳΔྤႊၞԫޡ৸ەܛवᇠ۩੡এሔ່֘ഗءऱᆃַවԳऱᎂࡎΔࢬ אࠡਢࣔ᧩ױवऱΰoffensichtlichα²⁹Ζ!

!

ร ร ร

รԿԿԿԿᆏᆏᆏᆏ!!!!!!!!รԲঞรԲঞรԲঞรԲঞᢰቼᢰቼᢰቼᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰΰΰΰBGHSt 39,168αααα!!!!

รԫႈ

!!!!๯ܫਢਹࣥ໮ᛥଖൂଽऱՓ܎Δࠡ๯ಳߒൕ 2:9: ڣ 3 ִ 6 ֲ۟ 7 ֲၴਚრ

୴වԫۯࣟᐚऱಲՋृਝሑ֗ਚრ୴ව׼ԫۯಲՋृآሑΖ๯ܫ࣍ 2:9: ڣ 3 ִ

۩੡ழএᐌ۩ࠡڇࣟᐚ૨ၷխऱ߻ᓡ៭ຂΔࠡ๯ࡡ੔ᕋښਹࣥᢰቼऱ Treptow ೴

֗ Neukölln ೴Ζڇ۩੡ᅝழڶࠟิطࠟۯՓ܎ิګऱᢰቼൂଽΔ։ܑਢ๯ܫ L ፖൂଽ९ F ֗๯ܫ I ፖൂଽ९ JΖ߲᧤ၷൂଽऱิګএ࣍ച۩Ⴇ೭ছլՆࡨֆ

ؒΔൂଽิऱิ९ڶࡎחᦞΖᅝ๯ܫ L ๯ࠡՂ్ᇬംࠡ࣍ᢰቼଖႧழૉሖࠩڶማ

။ᢰቼऱጹ৺ൣउਢܡᄎ୴ᚰማ။ᢰቼृΔ๯ܫ L ࿯ղ्ࡳऱ࿠៿Ζڇਙएඒߛ խΔᢰቼښᓡ๯ᥒᙁԳاآ൓ࣟᐚਙࢌٵრۖᠦቼऱᇩܛਢحᆞ֗ধಲΔຍᑌऱ ᢰቼማ။۩੡ؘႊ๯ॴַΖ!

!

!!!!ᢰቼښᓡՓ܎࣍Եٔ৙ᎃխ๯ඒᖄኙࡎחᚨ࿪ኙࣚൕΔૉਢࢴ࿪ࡎחࢨച۩

ࡎחڶ౒ະऱᇩΔലᄎᔡ࠹ࠩᡕݹࢨ٩ፆऱ৵࣠Δഄԫऱࠏ؆ਢᅝࡎחሔ֘٩ऄ ࢨֆᎁऱഏᎾऄ๵ᒤΔՓ܎լႊࣚൕᇠࡎחΰ೶ەࣟᐚ٩ऄร 369 යαΖڇޢڻ ଖႧছࢬၞ۩ऱଖႧਐחխΔՓ܎๯ࡎחΚψᒔঅഏ୮ᢰቼլ࠹ॿحΔ֗ڇऄ৳

17 BGHSt 39,1= NJW 1993 ,141(148f ).

18 BGHSt 39,1= NJW 1993 ,141(149 ).

(21)

๵ࡳፖ૨ࠃऄחऱഗ៕ՂΔאਙएՂጐຂΕ૤ᗨᄕࢤΕᤞ൩ፖഒެ࣠ཊऱኪ৫ച

۩ښᓡٚ೭ωΖ׼؆᜔ਢԫ٦๯ൎᓳऱਢΚಲՋृઠ။ᢰቼ۩੡ਢլ๯ւ๺ऱΔ

ྤᓵڕ۶ᢰቼማ။۩੡ᚨ๯ॴַΖ!

!

!!!!ࠉᖕ୴ᚰ๵ᒤΔ୴ᚰࣳᕴऱࠌش๯ጠ੡ϙ່৵֫੄ϙΔڇၞ۩ෳ௺୴ᚰհ ছΔଈ٣ᚨ੡ᤞܫࢤऱࡅ໗֗࿇୴ᤞܫࢤ୴ᚰΔۖᅝଡܑಲՋृ࣋ඵࠡಲՋٞቹ ழΔܛլ൓٦ኙࠡ୴ᚰΖڇءூխ๯ܫՓ܎ࠀآࠠ᧯ߢ֗ڇ୴ᚰழਢ໢࿇୴ᚰࢨ ຑᥛ୴ᚰΔא֗୴ᚰڇߪ᧯۶ԫຝۯΔࠡႛߢ֗ڇ୴ᚰಲՋृאॴַࠡಲՋழΔ ࠉᅃՓ܎ᣂ࣍ࣳᕴࠌشऱಘᓵΔᚨ୴ᚰᆬ֗ՀתߪՕፒऱຝ։Ζԫֱ૿ښᓡՓ܎

๯ܫवॴַಲՋृಲՋ׽౨ኙࠡᆬຝ୴ᚰΔ܀থٵழԫ٦چ࣍ଖႧਐחխࠌՓ܎

ขسಲՋ။ቼਢլ๯ւ๺׊ྤᓵڕ۶။ቼ۩੡ؘႊ๯ॴַऱუऄΔڇڼൣݮՀΔ

๺ڍՓ܎ؘྥࢨױ౨ขسऱٱွਢીಲՋृ࣍ڽ᜔ਢֺᨃࠡಲՋګפ੡ࠋΔڂۖ

᎘ီॴַಲՋհ੺ૻΔࠌشᖲᣂዓኙ֫ྤ՚ᥳऱԳ୴ᚰΖࠃኔᐉऄࡴေᏝڼࠃኔ

੡ψອᙠऱᠨ֫࿜ฃωΔ㬿૿Հऱࡎחਢኑױ୴වಲՋृՈլᣋᨃಲՋृಲՋګ פΔڂڼښᓡՓ܎ขس޲ڶٚ۶ಲՋृऱማ။ᢰቼ۩੡ਢ๯ւ๺ऱუऄΖ!

!

!!!!ڇ 2:9: ڣ 3 ִ 6 ֲ۟ 7 ֲऱ࡙ၴΔࠟۯ 31 ᄣऱࣟਹࣥԳ G ֗ A ഗ࣍ଡԳ ڂై٥ٵچಲᠦۯ࣍ Treptow ፖ Neukölln ၴऱࣟᐚᢰቼ೴഑ۖ๯୴වΖڇ G ֗ AಲՋऱመ࿓խΔ๯ܫ E ፖ K ٻࠡࡅ໗ࠟڻΚψೖַΜీ۰ΜωΔᅝ G ֗ A սᤉ ᥛၒٻᢰቼਰ᥏ழΔ๯ܫ E ܛ࣍၏ᠦ G ֗ A ၌መ 100 ֆ֡᎛հ๠ጒᄷࠡፒຝኙ

ࠡ੡քڻऱ໢࿇୴ᚰΔᅝ๯ܫ K ऱൂଽ९ E ၲࡨ୴ᚰழΔK ലڼ۩੡෻ᇞ੡ٍ

ࡎחה୴ᚰΔK ່ॣਢ໢࿇୴ᚰΔ܀ࠡլᆖრچലᖲᣂዓ൳ࠫථ᠏ང੡ຑᥛ୴ ᚰΔࠡ࿇୴Ա 3 ۟ 4 ڻऱຑᥛ୴ᚰΔ᜔٥୴ᚰԱ 12 ࿇՗ᐘΖᅝಲՋृೖ۰඿झ መ८᥆໮᨝থஈ໎ྤפΔࢬאࠡᤉᥛ࡞ၒࠀٞቹิګԫଡ”ൎ࿋ඪΰRäuberleiterα”

ط G હኙ໮᨝ీڇՀ૿હ૤ದ AΔA ঞތ۰໮᨝Ղᒴٞቹᡙ။መװΔڇڼழរΔ

๯ܫ I ֗ H ၒ۟પ၏ᠦ G ֗ A 39 ֆ֡๠Δ֫Ղྤᖲᣂዓऱൂଽ९ I ࡅ໗૞ޣ HΚ

(22)

ψ୴ᚰΰSchieß dochαΜωΖ๯ܫ H ᜔٥໢࿇୴ᚰԿڻಲՋृऱᓃ።ΔH ऱছࠟ

ڻ୴ᚰ୴խ G ऱᆬΔڂ G ๯୴խ৵սྥీمထΔH ܛڇ२၏ᠦհՀኙ G ੡รԿ ڻ୴ᚰΔڇรԿڻ୴ᚰழΔH ຘመጒᄷןᑒ֗ᄷ֨ጒᄷ G ऱՂתߪΔຍᑌऱൣ

उՀ H ᚨڶەᐞࠩࠡ୴ᚰڶી G ࣍ڽऱױ౨Δۖࠡ୲ᎁڼጟױ౨ࢤΔH ऱรԿ ڻ୴ᚰ୴խ G հ֨᦬Δڇ࿍ழၴփܛທګ G հڽՋΖڇରඣሿរԼն։Δ᠔س נ෼ࠀᒔᎁࠡڽՋΔڇ G ऱڽՋᢞࣔ஼Ղኙ࣍ G ऱڽՋ଺ڂऱᎅࣔএא”֨ۜధ

ါΰHerzmuskelzerreißungα”ཙז”ઠ֨୴ᚰΰHerzdurchschußα”ΖڇڼࠃٙՂΔ

๯ܫڂࠡګפॴַಲՋृಲᠦᢰቼۖ൓ࠩᕬີ֗ᑻ८Δኙ࣍๯ܫࠌش୴ᚰࣳᕴਢ ܡࠉᖕऄ৳ࠀآၞ۩۩ਙࢨ٩ࠃՂհᓳ਷¹⁹Ζ

!

รԲႈ

รԲႈΕΕΕΕᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ!!!!ᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ

!!!!ءூխࠃኔᐉऄࡴᎁ੡๯ܫ H รԿڻ୴ᚰ۩੡Δ࣍ᇠ۩੡ছࠀآ൓ࠩإڤ ऱՂ్ࡎחΔ܀ᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऄࡴᎁ੡ྤᓵڕ۶๯ܫ H ऱรԿڻ୴ᚰ۩੡Δฤ ٽ๯ࠃኔᐉऄࡴጠ܂”ឺ૿Հऱΰunterschwelligenα”Ε”আࠌขسუऄऱ

ΰsuggerierendenα”ऱՂ్ཚඨፖ।قΔܛ੡Աॴַآᆖ๺ױऱማ။ᢰቼ۩੡Δ ױኙ။ቼृ੡ױ౨ીࡎऱ୴ᚰ܂੡܂੡”່৵֫੄ΰletztes Mittelα”Ζࡎחਢԫ ጟ௽ࡳኪ৫ऱ।قΔطՂ్ኙՀ్ਜףࣚൕऱ૞ޣΰă2 Nr.2 WStGαΔࡎחऱছ

༼૞ٙਢՀ్ല௽ࡳऱ૨ࠃՂࣚൕ֘ᚨီ੡ኙ۞աऱ૞ޣΰSchölz-Lingens, WStG , 3.Aufl.(1988),ă6!Seos/:αΖڇຍጟრᆠՀΔᢰቼښᓡՓ܎ᎁवࠩڇٚ۶

ൣउՀຟؘႊॴַ။ቼृհآ࠹ւ๺ऱ။ቼ۩੡Δຍᑌऱٱွຘመኙ࣍ਜף୴ᚰ ऱՓ܎լၞ۩ᡕݹፖ٩ࠃᓳ਷Δ֘ۖኙհቯᑻΔ࿯ղ໴ሟΔ੷۟ຝ։Փ܎ڂۖᛧ

൓ࢸ֒ۖףൎΔڂڼ๯ܫऱรԿڻ୴ᚰ۩੡ᚨਢഗ࣍ࣔᒔऱࡎח૞ޣۖ੡²⁰Ζ

ᣂ࣍๯ܫ H ਢܡະ࣍ᆃַᙑᎄऱംᠲΔࠃኔᐉऄࡴᎁ੡๯ܫڶᖲᄎ৸ە֗

19 BGHSt 39,168=NJW 1993 , 1932( 1932f ).

20 BGHSt 39,168=NJW 1993 , 1932( 1936 ).

(23)

ᛵᇞڽՋ୴ᚰڇऄ৳Ղऱ୲๺ࢤംᠲΔᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄຍଡࠃኔਢԫ堚ԲᄑऱΔ ԫ౳Փ܎م࣍๯ܫऱᇷಛഗ៕ՂΔઃլႊၞԫޡ৸ەܛױ᎘࣐ᛵᇞᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ ऄΖ׼؆Δൕ๯ܫऱנߪ֗ඒߛહནࠐ઎Δឈྥࠡ࠹ࠩਙएՂრᢝীኪऱᥒᙁΔ

܀ٵᑌچࠡՈڶך։چᛧ൓ᣂ࣍إᆠ֗Գሐऱᄗ࢚ΔࠡխᆃַවԳܛ᥆࣍଩෻ᖂ ऱு֨ᏝଖΖڂڼࠃኔᐉऄࡴᎁ੡ឈྥ๯ܫ H ኙࡎחሔ֘٩ऄױ౨آڶᗨᄕऱ ᎁᢝۖະ࣍ᆃַᙑᎄΔ܀ᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄਢࣔ᧩ױवऱΔڂڼ๯ܫࠀྤऄࠉᐚഏ ຬ௧़૨٩ऄร 5 යร 1 ႈ²¹ॴথᆞຂΔܛ๯ܫऱᆃַᙑᎄࠉᐚഏ٩ऄร 17 ය ਢױᝩ܍ऱ²²Ζᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऄࡴٍᎁٵࠃኔᐉऄೃऄࡴऱߠᇞ²³Ζ

ࠃኔᐉऄࡴەᐞࠩ๯ܫऱऄრᢝڇᖂீΕᆢฒቸ᧯֗ਙएᓰ࿓խբ๯ށڴΔ

ۖᎁ੡ࠡ۩੡ॺحᆞ۩੡ױאլش๯ಳߒຂٚΔڂڼ྇᎘๯ܫऱ٩ፆΔࠡᎁ੡๯

ܫݙ٤๠࣍૨ࠃၸᐋิ៣ऱ່Հ్Δਬጟ࿓৫ՂՈਢᢰቼࠫ৫ऱᥔ੪ृΖ!

!

ร รร

ร؄؄؄ᆏ؄ᆏᆏ!!ᆏ!!!!รԿঞ!!รԿঞรԿঞᢰቼรԿঞᢰቼᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެΰΰΰBGHSt 40, 241αααα!!!!

รԫႈ

!!!!๯ܫ W ਢࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡၷऱګ୉֗ 35 ૨ቸ௧૨ຑၷऱګ୉Δᇠຑၷ૤ຂښ ᓡᔣ२ Schilling ᖯऱਹࣥᢰቼጥࠫ೴Δᇠ๠᥆࣍ࣟਹࣥऱ Spree ֽ഑Δኙࡾঞਢ ᥆࣍۫ਹࣥऱ Kreuzberg ೴Ζ๯ܫڇ 1972 ڣ 2 ִ 14 ֲ۟ 2 ִ 15 ֲၴऱ࡙ඡΔ ፖՓ܎ K ֗ࠡൂଽ९٥ٵิګᢰቼښᓡຑΖ29 ᄣऱ E ڇᅝ֚ඡՂપ 10 រ 30 ։ ழஓஓچ࢓ Kreuzberg ࡾऱֱٻཾװΔᅝ๯ܫ࿇෼ழΔE բᆖཾࠩࣾխၴΔڇࠟ

ۯښᓡՓ܎ࡅ໗૞ޣࠡೖַࠡ۩੡ۖࠡսآೖַऱൣउՀΔ๯ܫڇ၏ᠦ E પ 40 ֆ֡๠ኙ E ୴ᚰΔڇรԫڻᤞܫࢤ୴ᚰսྤऄॴַ။ቼृழΔࠡمࠥ൷ထ੡ၞ

21 ᐚഏຬ௧़૨٩ऄร 5 යร 1 ႈΚψࠉՂ్ࡎחۖኔ۩ᇠᅝ٩ऄዌګ૞ٙ׊ሔऄ۩੡հՀ్૨

ࡴΔ׽ڶڇࠡᎁᢝࠩࠡ۩੡এሔऄࢨࠉࠡբवऱൣउᇠሔऄ۩੡এࣔ᧩ױवழΔࡨႊ૤ᖜ٩ࠃ ຂٚωΖ

22 ᐚഏ٩ऄร 17 යΚψ۩੡Գ࣍۩੡ழآᎁᢝࠡ۩੡հሔऄࢤΔڕᇠᙑᎄএլױᝩ܍Δঞױॴ থᆞຂΖڕᇠᙑᎄএױᝩ܍Δঞ൓ኙࠡࠉ٩ऄร 49 යร 1 ႈ྇᎘٩ፆωΖ

23 BGHSt 39,168=NJW 1993 , 1932( 1936f ).

(24)

ԫޡ୴ᚰΔۖࠟۯښᓡઃڶᎁवࠩࠡ۩੡ױ౨ી။ቼृڽՋࠀ୲ᎁࠡ࿇سΖ່

৵Δ။ቼृ๯୴ᚰխᙰຝۖᄴᚺֽխΔߒຶਢୌۯښᓡ࿇נ߷࿇ીࡎࢤ୴ᚰࠀլ 堚ᄑΖڇሶ֚Հ֑ 3 រؐ׳Δᑨֽ֛ڇ Schilling ᖯᢰ࿇෼ E ऱৡ᧯Δ੡Աᝩ܍

ࠃٙᆖመ๯۫ਹࣥਙࢌኘᤚΔࠡലֽ૿Հऱৡ᧯ሎಬ۟ڇ Schilling ᖯՀ࿛ৱऱ

՛ᆲխΔڽृᙊᣧڇԫၜ৵൷ࠩ؈᠋໴ܫΔ؄ၜ৵ࠡ൷ࠩᤞֱऱຏवΔܫवࠡՁ

֛ऱৡ᧯ڇ Sinsel ໑ढ塢ல๯ބࠩΔᆖਐెᒔᎁਢࠡՁ֛׊բᆖലৡ᧯ࢨ־֏Δ

ۖڽՋ଺ڂএ۞වΖڇᇠࠃٙ࿇س৵ሶ֚Δ๯ܫ֗Փ܎ K ᛧ൓פᕬᑻີ֗ 150

್܌ऱᑻ८Ζ

ڇᢰቼښᓡޢڻଖႧছΔઃᄎኙࠡ੡ଖႧਐחऱ৙قΔଖႧਐחऱփ୲এፖ ഏ߻ຝࡎחᒳᇆ DV-30/10 խร 89 ᇆחઌԫીΔࠡփ୲੡Κψᢰቼښᓡၷ…অᥨ ഏ୮ᢰቼ…ࠡٚ೭੡ॴַॺऄ။ቼΔᑉழࣅ஢ࢨᥑᚺ။ቼृΔࠀශྤයٙچᒔঅ ഏቼڜ٤ω²⁴Ζ!

!

รԲႈ

รԲႈΕΕΕΕᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ!!!!ᣂ࣍ښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհऄೃܒެߠᇞ

!!!!ءூխࠃኔᐉऄࡴᎁ੡૞ޣᥑᚺॺऄ။ቼृհࡎחএሔ֘٩ऄ๵ࡳΔឈآᎁ

ࡳ๯ܫڶᎁवࠩࡎחሔ֘٩ऄΔ܀ࠃኔᐉऄࡴᎁ੡ຍጟൣउሔ֘٩ऄএࣔ᧩ױव ऱΰoffensichtlichαΔ׊ᎁ੡๯ܫࠀլฤٽॴথᆞຂጹ৺ᝩᣄհ૞ٙΔٍլژڶլ ױᝩ܍ऱᆃַᙑᎄհൣݮΔڂڼ๯ܫ W ऱ۩੡ਢڶຂऱΖ

ءூऱᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऄࡴ༼ࠩឈྥ๯ܫ۩੡ᅝழࣟᐚਝآףԵֆاਙएᦞ ܓഏᎾֆપΰIPBPRαΔښᓡՓ܎ٍآڶᖲᄎ൷࠹ڶᣂԳᦞᠲޗऱᓰ࿓Δ܀ኙ࣍

֫ྤ՚ᥳऱॺऄ။ቼृਜאຑᥛ୴ᚰΔྤᓵڕ۶Δຟਢԫጟױࢢۖ޲ڶٚ۶෻ط ױאףאٽ෻֏ऱ۩੡Δኙ࣍ٚ۶ԫଡ࠹መඒߛऱԳࠐᎅΔױאمܛᎁवࠩڼԯ ሔ່֘ഗءऱවԳᎂࡎΔٍܛΔࠡ੡ࣔ᧩ױवऱΰoffensichtlichαΖ׼؆ᜤ߶ཏຏ

24 BGHSt 40,241=NJW 1994 , 2708.

(25)

ऄೃऄࡴᎁ੡ࠃኔᐉऄࡴᣂ࣍๯ܫᆞຂऱܒެᓵ૪ᆖ൓ದড়ᨠՂऱऄ৳ᛀ᧭Δۖ

ᣂ࣍ᆃַᙑᎄ֗ࠡױᝩ܍ࢤऱᓵ૪ঞፖ BGHSt 39,168 ܒެխࢬ।ሒऱߠᇞઌԫ

ી²⁵Ζ!

!

รնᆏ รնᆏ รնᆏ

รնᆏ!!!!!!!!ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެߠᇞᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެߠᇞᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެߠᇞᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃᢰቼ໮ᛥښᓡூܒެߠᇞΰΰΰΰBVerfGE 95, 96αααα!!!!

!!!!ᐚഏᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃಾኙԫټᢰቼښᓡ֗Կټਙࢌ೏్ࡴ୉Δאᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃ

ऱԲঞܒެਢܡሔᖆ੡ᖆऄ္ᣋᑑऱࢬ༼ದհᖆऄ္ᣋΔᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃऱԶۯऄ

ࡴ٤᧯ԫી܂ګဪࡳΔᏍڃᖆऄ္ᣋ³⁷Ζ!

!

!!!!ᣂ࣍ᢰቼښᓡᆞຂຝ։ऱܒެߠᇞΔᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃଈ٣ԫ౳ࢤऱᓵ૪ψྤຂ

ٚྤ٩ፆωΰnulla poena sine culpaΙKeine Strafe ohne Schuld αհᆞຂ଺ঞࠠڶ ᖆऄۯၸΔࠡഗ៕ڇ࣍ऄएഏ଺ঞ֗༇ૹԳࢤ༇ᣤհ૞ޣΔྥ৵൷ထ༼ࠩ۩੡Գ

ૉ੡׼ԫլ༚ژڇհऄ৳ዄषᄎ఼ݧࢬຯᦷΔ׊ڇլٵᐋ૿Ղਜ۩๯ᥧຂऱ۩੡

ழΔ࠹ࠩࡎח֗ࣚൕߓอऱࣅޔΔࠏڕءூΔঞڇᒔᎁᆞຂழΔᚨ௑؆᠃შΔ׼

؆ࣟᐚഏ୮ኔ೭ຘመഏ୮ऱᦞ৖ឩՕԱٽऄ֏ࠃطΔࠀ׊ᨃښᓡՓ܎ڕڼᎁवΔ ൕۖՓ܎ਢܡශྤᡖጊچױᎁवࠩߓञ۩੡ऱሔऄࢤΔॺྤጊംΔ໢໢אᣤૹॿ ୭Գᦞհড়ᨠژڇΔܛᎁࡳՓ܎ࣔ᧩ױאᎁवࠩߓञ۩੡հሔऄࢤΔൕᆞຂ଺ঞ ऱᨠរۖߢΔ௘լߩආΔ࣍ڼᚨەၦࠩଡܑ૨Գ࠹ඒߛΕ๯ᥒᙁ৸უऱመ࿓֗ࠡ

הൣउΔࠡڕ۶ױאශྤᡖጊچᎁवࠩߓञ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄΔ༉ڼᨠរۖߢΔ٩ࠃ ऄೃ࣍଺ᐉ࿓ݧխΔࠀآಘᓵڼԫംᠲΖᓵ֗࣍ڼΔۿ׏ឆપױᎁ੡ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄ

ೃ࿨ᓵՂᄎဪࡳཏຏऄೃಾኙᢰቼښᓡࢬ੡հᆞຂܒឰ࿨ᓵሔᖆΔ܀ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄ

ೃڇܒެխᎁ੡٩ऄՂᆞຂऱᒔᎁ֗ߓञ๵ࡳհᇞᤩΔଈ૞ਢ٩ࠃऄೃऱٚ೭Δ ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃႛᐉ਷ᆞຂ଺ঞਢܡ๯ەၦΔא֗ڇᇞᤩ֗ᔞش٩ऄழΔᆞຂ଺ঞ ऱփොਢܡ๯௅ءچ࢙ฃΔ۟࣍ࠠެࡳࢤհᨠរਢܡൕٺጟߡ৫๯ᔞ֊چᦞᘝΔ

25 BGHSt 40,241=NJW 1994 , 2708(2711).

ִ؟ऄᖂᠧ፾ร 148 ཚΔ2007 ڣ 9 ִΔร 12 ଄Ζ

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ࢨृਢܡᚨ܂נ׼ԫެࡳΔঞլڇᐉ਷հ٨Δ٩ࠃऄೃਐנኙ࣍֫ྤ՚ᥳऱಲՋ

ृਜאയႃીࡎ୴ᚰΔຟਢԫጟױࢠΕ޲ڶٚ۶෻طߩאٽ෻֏ऱ۩੡Δٚ۶ԫ ଡ࠹መඒߛऱԳຟױאمܛᎁवࠩࠡࣂᤛֺࠏ଺ঞ່֗ഗءऱᆃַවԳᎂࡎΔ༉

ڼۖߢΔየߩᆞຂ଺ঞऱ૞ޣΖጵՂࢬ૪Δᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃፖᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऱߠᇞ ឈڶլٵΔ܀ᜤ߶ᖆऄऄೃսאᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃࢬ਍ߠᇞፖഗءऄ๵ᒤრਐઌฤ੡

طΔۖፂ਍ߓञܒެ²⁷Ζ

!

ร ร ร

รքքքքᆏᆏᆏᆏ!!!!!!!!ऄೃऄೃऄೃܒެߠᇞհᖂᎅေ࣫ऄೃܒެߠᇞհᖂᎅေ࣫ܒެߠᇞհᖂᎅေ࣫!!!!ܒެߠᇞհᖂᎅေ࣫

!!!!ಾኙਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூᢰቼښᓡڶຂࢤംᠲऱ൶ಘΔ׌૞ႃխڇࠟଡྡྷរՂΔ ܛᢰቼښᓡױܡ׌്ࠡ۩੡এࠉՂ్ࡎחۖॴথࠡຂٚΔૉڼរྤऄګمऱᇩΔ

൷Հࠐ൶ಘऱૹរঞ੡ᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ࠡࠉՂ్ࡎחऱሔऄ۩੡׌ᨠՂਢܡࠠໂ ڶլऄრᢝΔא֗ૉᎁ੡ࠡլࠠڶլऄრᢝۖᇠᅝᆃַᙑᎄհൣݮழΔᇠᆃַᙑ ᎄਢܡױᝩ܍ऱംᠲΖ!

!

รԫႈ

รԫႈ!!!!!!!!ࠉՂ్ࡎחհࠉՂ్ࡎחհࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡۩੡!!!!۩੡

!!!!ଈ٣ಾኙรԫଡംᠲΔܛᢰቼښᓡױܡ׌്ࠡ۩੡এࠉՂ్ࡎחۖॴথࠡຂ

ٚΛլᓵਢࠉᖕᐚრݳᜤ߶٥ࡉഏΰছ۫ᐚαऱຬ௧़૨٩ऄร 6 යร 2 ႈΔࢨ ਢᐚრݳا׌٥ࡉഏΰছࣟᐚαᢰቼऄร 369 යร 3 ႈઃᔞشԫଡ٥ຏऱ଺ঞΔ ܛࠉࡎחऱ۩੡ႛڇച۩ࡎחृᎁवࠩࡎחሔ֘٩ऄࢨᇠࡎחሔ֘٩ऄএࣔ᧩

ױवழΔࡨ੡ڶຂऱ³⁹ΔՈ༉ਢᎅᢰቼښᓡਢܡ౨ജഗ࣍ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ࠐॴ থ٩ࠃຂٚΔᣂ᝶ڇ࣍ਢܡᢰቼښᓡڶᎁᢝࠩࠡ۩੡հሔऄࢤࢨ۩੡հሔऄࢤء ߪਢࣔ᧩ױवऱΖᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃࡳᆠψࣔ᧩ױवωΰOffensichtlichkeitα੡ᅝ۩੡

ψྤ൉ᆜጊωΰjenseits aller ZweifelαএሔऄऱΖᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃڇءூխਢൕ۩੡

ִ؟ऄᖂᠧ፾ร 148 ཚΔ2007 ڣ 9 ִΔร 15~17 ଄Ζ

28 Dannecker , Die SchΏsse an der innerdeutschen Grenze in der höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung , JURA 1994 , 585(593f).

(27)

ሔऄࢤࣔ᧩ױवנ࿇Δᎁ੡Κψኙ࣍֫ྤ՚ᥳऱಲՋृຘመຑᥛ୴ᚰીࠡڽՋΔ

ྤᓵڕ۶ຟਢԫଡஎࢠऱΔլࠠڶٚ۶ٽ෻ऱॴথሔऄࠃطհ۩੡Δڂኙ࣍ԫଡ

࠹መඒߛऱԳۖߢΔຍሔ່֘ഗءऱවԳᆃַհᎂࡎਢࣔ᧩ױवऱωΖڇՕڍᑇ

ࣟᐚԳاઃլٵრڇᢰቼࠌشࣳᕴऱൣݮՀޓᚨڕڼᇞᤩ^3:Ζڂڼऄೃߠᇞᎁ੡

ᢰቼښᓡհ۩੡ྤऄאࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡܂੡෻طࠐॴথ٩ࠃຂٚΖ!

!

܀ᖂᎅՂڶᎁ੡ൕࣟᐚኙᢰቼښᓡࢬ੡ऱਙएᥒᙁ֗ࠡൕ՛ګ९መ࿓խࢬ

൷࠹ऱषᄎ׌ᆠඒߛΔ٦ףՂࣟᐚਙए৙ႚՂኙ࣍୴ᚰࣳᕴࠌشऱ֭਍ࠐ઎Δኙ

࣍ᢰቼښᓡۖߢΔ௅ءլױ౨ژڇڶࢬᘯऱሔऄࢤࣔ᧩ױवऱൣݮ⁴¹Ιٍڶᖂᎅ

༼נϙሐᐚळؾΰmoralischen Blindheitαϙऱᨠរۖᡖጊᢰቼښᓡऱ۩੡ਢܡژ ڇڶᆞຂΔᎁ੡ڇᅝழऱࣟᐚᛩቼխΔᢰቼ໮ᛥऱ୴ᚰ۩੡ਝآڇਙएՂΕٍآ ڇ૨ၷᏆᖄၸᐋΕ׹ऄࢨवᢝ੺࠹ࠩࣔ᧩ऱޅܒΔࢬאᢰቼښᓡڇ߷ᑌऱᛩቼխ

౒׎ઌᅝچሐᐚܒឰඒߛΔڂڼᚨᇠ्ࡳࠡࠉࡎחऱ۩੡ױאॴথᆞຂ⁴²Ι׼ڶ ᖂᎅᎁ੡ኙ࣍ᢰቼಲՋृࠌش୴ᚰࣳᕴএױᄩᄭ࣍ഏ߻ຝ९ऱڣ৫ࡎח

ΰJahresbefehleα່֗२ऱഏ୮߻ᓡࡡ୉ᄎެᤜΰBeschlΏsse des Nationalen VerteidigungsratsαΖᇠࡎחणउএಾኙᢰቼಲՋृΔྤᓵٚ۶ൣउ֗ࠌشٚ۶֫

੄ΔຟؘႊॴַࠡಲՋΔᅝࠡה֫੄ຟྤऄॴַࠡಲՋழΔીಲՋृ࣍ڽലਢױ

๯୲ݴऱΔຘመຍᑌԫଡࡎחΔᨃᢰቼښᓡՓ܎ขسԫଡࣔᒔऱٱွΔܛઌለ࣍

ԳհسࡎΔᒔঅᢰቼլ࠹ॿحএ๠࣍ᚌ٣چۯΔ׼؆Δ௅ᖕ 1982 ڣسயऱᢰቼ ऄٍၞԫޡࡎחښᓡՓ܎ڇຍᑌऱൣउՀױࠌشࣳᕴ³²Δڂڼᚨᇠ्ࡳࠡࠉࡎח ऱ۩੡ױאॴথᆞຂΖ

29 Dannecker , Die SchΏsse an der innerdeutschen Grenze in der höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung , JURA 1994 , 585(594).

32 Eser , Schuld und Entschuldbarkeit von MauerschΏtzen und ihrer Befehlsgebern , Zu einem

unbewältigten Problem bei der Bewältigung von DDR-Alttaten , in: Reinhard Böttcher u.a. (Hrsg) , Festschrift fΏr Walter Odersky zum 65. Geburtstag , 1996 , S. 340.

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ڇࣟᐚ֗۫ᐚ٥ٵᔞشऱԫଡഗء଺ঞਢΚՓ܎ࠉࡎחऱ۩੡Δ׽ڶڇᅝՓ

܎ڶᎁᢝࠩΰerkennenαࢨࣔ᧩ױवΰoffensichtlichαᇠࠉࡎחऱ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄ

๵ࡳழΔՓ܎ऱ۩੡թױ๯ូຂΰă258҇StGB/DDR,5҇˪˦̇˚ʿ˄˄ʳ˦̂˿˷˚αΖڇڼ ࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवωΔࠡࡳᆠՂএਐψኙԫ౳ԳۖߢຟਢױאᎁᢝࠩωΰErkennbarkeit fΏr jedermannαΔࢨृޓᒔ֊چᎅਢਐψኙԫ౳ԳۖߢլᏁၞԫޡ৸౉ܛױᎁᢝ

ࠩωΰErkennbarkeit fΏr jedermann ohne weiteres NachdenkenαΖᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃ௽ܑ

ൎᓳࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवωΰOffensichtlichkeitαΔ׽ڶڇࠉࡎחऱ۩੡ψශྤٚ۶ᡖ ጊωΰjenseits aller Zweifel liegtαਢሔ֘٩ऄழΔթਢࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवऱω ΰoffensichtlichαΖլྥഗءՂՓ܎ኙ࣍ࡎחਢլژڶᐉ਷ᆠ೭ऱ³³Ζڇԫ౳ൣउ Հ૞ᒔᎁչᏖਢࢬᘯՓ܎व൜ࢨޓᒔ֊چᎅչᏖਢࣔ᧩ױवऱΔྤጊਢլ୲࣐ऱ ԫٙࠃΖ܀ࠩؾছ੡ַᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃࢬ༼נࠐऱေᏝᑑᄷࠀլ৾ᅝΖᅝᐚഏ່೏

ऱ٩ࠃऄஅຟᏁ૞ڇࡴֱऱܒࠏႃխࠌش၌መ 20 ଄ऱ֮஼ࠐ௣ೈኙ࣍ᇠ۩੡ழ ࠌشࣳᕴհሔऄࢤऱᡖጊழΔՓ܎ڇᢰቼ੡ીڽ୴ᚰএሔ֘٩ऄױאᎅ༓׏լਢ ࢬᘯऱࣔ᧩ױवΰoffensichtlichαΔ۟֟ኙ࣍ۯ࣍ࡎח᝷່৵ԫຝ։հച۩ࡎחऱ Փ܎լਢڕڼ³⁴Ζ!

!

รԲႈ

รԲႈ!!!!!!!!ᆃַᙑᎄᆃַᙑᎄᆃַᙑᎄ!!!!ᆃַᙑᎄ

!!!!۟࣍รԲଡംᠲΔᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ࠡࠉՂ్ࡎחऱሔऄ۩੡׌ᨠՂਢܡࠠໂڶ լऄრᢝΛא֗ૉᎁ੡ࠡլࠠڶլऄრᢝۖᇠᅝᆃַᙑᎄհൣݮழΔᇠᆃַᙑᎄ ਢܡױᝩ܍ऱംᠲΛ߱վऄೃբܒެऱࢬڶூٙΔᢰቼښᓡຟ׌്ࠡ۩੡ژڇڶ ᆃַᙑᎄΔᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃٍᎁ੡ᢰቼښᓡژڇڶᆃַᙑᎄհൣݮΔۖᔞش٩ऄร

unbewältigten Problem bei der Bewältigung von DDR-Alttaten , in: Reinhard Böttcher u.a. (Hrsg) , Festschrift fΏr Walter Odersky zum 65. Geburtstag , 1996 , S. 340f.

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28 ය๵ࡳΔ൷Հࠐኙ࣍ຍᑌԫଡᆃַᙑᎄਢܡױᝩ܍ऱംᠲΔᏁ૞ᒔᎁऱਢ୴ ᚰृڇࠡᚨڶऱߜ֨ጹ്հՀΔਢܡױאᎁᢝࠩࠡ۩੡ऱլऄࢤΔᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃ

ഗ࣍سࡎਢ່೏৫ऄ墿ऱ෻طΔ्ۖࡳຍᑌԫଡ٣ެයٙ⁴⁶Ζ!

!

ᖂᎅՂᎁ੡௅ᖕ٥ຏऱഗء଺ঞΔᅝՓ܎ᎁᢝࠩࠡլऄ۩੡ᄎ֧ದߜ֨Ղऱ ጹ്ழΔᇠᙑᎄܛ੡ױᝩ܍ऱ³⁶Δ܀ૉႛႛലᆃַᙑᎄऱױᝩ܍ࢤհ෻ط໺ഗ࣍

سࡎਢ່೏ऄ墿Ղਢ෻طլך։ऱΖڂ੡ຍᑌऱ෻طࠀآך։ەᐞࠩڇၸ్ࠫ৫ խլٵ೶ፖृऱᎁᢝױ౨ࢤΰErkenntnisvermögenαհլٵ³⁷ΖڇՂ૪Կଡਹࣥ໮

ᛥ୴වூխΔಾኙࣟᐚᢰቼښᓡऱ٩ࠃຂٚऱܒެߠᇞΔຟ༼ࠩᢰቼښᓡኙ࣍ࠡ

ࠉࡎחհ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄᚨ᥆ࣔ᧩ױवऱΰoffensichtlichαΔۖᎁ੡ܛࠌژڇڶᆃַ

ᙑᎄհൣݮΔᚨᇠਢ᥆࣍ױᝩ܍ऱᆃַᙑᎄΖኙ࣍ຍᑌऱܒެߠᇞΔᖂᎅՂᎁ੡

௅ᖕூࠏࠃኔࢬ௫֗ऱംᠲਢ۩੡ऱሔऄࢤኙ࣍ᢰቼښᓡۖߢਢܡ᥆࣍ᐚഏຬ ௧़૨٩ऄΰWStGαร 6 යร 2 ႈխࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवωΰoffensichtlichαൣउΔ ᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃᇞᤩࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवωΰoffensichtlichαএਐᅝ٩ऄհሔ֘ਢψශྤ

ᡖጊऱωΰjenseits aller ZweifelαژڇհൣउΖຍᑌऱᇞᤩฤٽᜤ߶ഗءऄऱ๵ࡳ

ۖྤሔᆞຂ଺ঞΔڶംᠲऱႛਢڇءூऱᔞشՂΔܛᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃᎁ੡ூࠏࠃኔ

ൣउኙ࣍ڣ᎘ऱᢰቼښᓡਢψࣔ᧩ױवωΰoffensichtlichαऱ࿨ᓵ෻طএ༼ࠩࠡ᧩

࣐ۖߠऱᄕጤլऄ௽ࢤΖຍᑌԫଡ࿨ᓵ଺ঞՂਢ๯ᎁױऱΔ܀Ոࠀॺ᜔ਢڕڼΔ ڂႛאড়ᨠژڇᣤૹሔ֘Գᦞ܂੡෻طΔᎁ੡ኙ࣍ᢰቼښᓡۖߢᇠሔ֘٩ऄհൣ

उএࣔ᧩ױवऱΔױ౨ፖᆞຂ଺ঞઌሔહΔڇຍᇙᝫؘႊᇖךᇞᤩ੡۶ଡܑऱՓ

܎૿ኙຍᑌऱඒߛΕრᢝীኪᥒᙁ࿛Δࠡױאශྤᡖጊچᎁवࠩࠡ۩ሔ֘٩ऄΔ ٩ࠃऄೃኙ࣍ூࠏࠃኔࠀآڇຍᑌऱᨠរՀಘᓵΔڇຍԫរՂݺଚױא࿇ᤚᆞຂ

36 BGHSt 2 , 194 (201f).

unbewältigten Problem bei der Bewältigung von DDR-Alttaten , in: Reinhard Böttcher u.a. (Hrsg) , Festschrift fΏr Walter Odersky zum 65. Geburtstag , 1996 , S. 344f.

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଺ঞࠀآ๯ך։چەᐞ⁴⁹Ζ׼ڶᖂᎅᎁ੡ڶࠄվֲీڇऄஅছऱՓ܎ਢڇਹࣥ໮

ᛥᘋ৬৵ࡨנسΔࠡױ౨ݙ٤چᒔॾಲՋ௫֗حᆞΔኙ࣍ࠌषᄎ׌ᆠ࠹ࠩ৖ౡΕ ሔ֘ኙ࣍ࣟᐚا׌٥ࡉഏհ࢘ᇨຂٚࢨृਢፖֱ۫ᇷء׌ᆠዻ༝ٵڇृΔᢰቼښ ᓡᚨኙհආ࠷ࣳᇘᖏ೐Ζڼ؆Δኙ࣍ᢰቼრ؆ࠃٙڼጟ௽௘ൣउښᓡএ๠࣍ൎՕ ऱ۩೯ፖެࡳհᚘԺՀΔא֗ᖜ֨ૉࢴ࿪ࡎחࢨृਢլݙ٤ച۩ࡎחല૿ኙᣤૹ ऱᡕݹࢨ٩ፆய࣠Ζ૿ኙຍጟᄎ֧ದؿએൣტऱ෗႖ൣउΔኙ࣍ٚ۶Փ܎ۖߢ༓

׏բᆖլژڇၞԫޡ෻ཕࠐഒ਍լࣚൕຍᑌԫଡࠠڶױፆࢤऱ۩੡Δኙ࣍Փ܎୴ ᚰࣳᕴࠌشհሔऄࢤࣔ᧩ױवڼጟཏሙࢤچףૹࠡ૤ᖜऱ૞ޣਢլإᆠऱ³⁹Ζ

ร ร ร

รԮԮԮԮᆏᆏᆏᆏ!!!!!!!!՛࿨՛࿨՛࿨!!!!՛࿨

!!!!ڇՂ૪Կଡਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூኙ࣍ᢰቼښᓡ٩ࠃຂٚհܒެߠᇞऱᖞ෻խױ א࿇෼ΔऄೃܒެᢰቼښᓡࠉՂ్ࡎחհሔऄ۩੡ਢܡᚨ૤٩ࠃຂٚΔլᓵਢൕ ࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ऱߡ৫ࢨਢൕլऄრᢝਢܡࠠໂ֗լऄრᢝֶ౒ਢܡױᝩ܍

ऱߡ৫Δຟല൶ಘऱྡྷរႃխڇᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄऱൣݮਢܡ᥆࣍ࣔ᧩ױव ΰoffensichtlichαऱൣउΔڇࠉՂ్ࡎחհ۩੡ऱ൶ಘՂᄎലྡྷរፋྡྷ࣍ڼΔլ

؆׏ਢڂࣟᐚ٩ऄร 258 යร 1 ႈ๵ࡳΚψ૨Գച۩Ղ్ࡎחऱ۩੡լႊ૤ᖜ٩ ࠃຂٚΔೈॺᇠࡎחऱച۩ࣔ᧩ሔ֘ֆᎁऱഏᎾऄ๵ᒤࢨ٩ऄωΙ׼؆ᐚഏຬ௧

़૨٩ऄร 5 යร 1 ႈٍ๵ࡳΚψࠉՂ్ࡎחۖኔ۩ᇠᅝ٩ऄዌګ૞ٙ׊ሔऄ۩

੡հՀ్૨ࡴΔ׽ڶڇࠡᎁᢝࠩࠡ۩੡এሔऄࢨࠉࠡբवऱൣउᇠሔऄ۩੡এࣔ

᧩ױवழΔࡨႊ૤ᖜ٩ࠃຂٚωΔۖऄೃܒެ࿨ᓵᎁ੡ڇਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூխΔᢰ ቼښᓡࠉՂ్ࡎח୴ව။ቼհࣟᐚԳاאॴַࠡಲՋ۩੡Δᇠ୴ව۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄ වԳᆃַհᎂࡎ੷੡ࣔ᧩Δᚨ᥆Ղ૪ऄ৳๵ࡳխࢬᘯψࣔ᧩ױवωऱൣݮΔਚᢰ ቼښᓡኙ࣍ࠡࠉՂ్ࡎחհሔऄ۩੡ᚨ૤٩ࠃຂٚΖڇรԫଡਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூܒ

38 Alexy , Der Beschluß des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu den Tötungen an der innerdeutschen Grenze vom 24.Oktober 1996 , S. 36.

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ެ৵Δհ৵ऱᑇଡऄೃऱઌᣊۿࠃٙऱܒެխΔઃ୚شรԫଡਹࣥ໮ᛥ୴වூܒ

ެհֆڤ֏ش፿Δܛψኙ࣍ԫଡ֫ྤ՚ᥳऱಲՋृਜאຑᥛऱ୴ᚰທګࠡڽՋΔ

ྤᓵڕ۶ຟਢԫጟஎࢠ׊޲ڶٚ۶෻طߩאٽऄ֏ऱ۩੡Δኙ࣍ٚ۶ԫଡ࠹መඒ ߛऱԳΔྤႊၞԫޡ৸ەܛवᇠ۩੡এሔ່֘ഗءऱᆃַවԳऱᎂࡎΔࢬאࠡਢ

ࣔ᧩ױवऱΰoffensichtlichαω⁵¹Ζ܀༉ڕᖂᎅࢬ༼ࠩऱΔڇᅝழऱࣟᐚᛩቼխΔ ᢰቼ໮ᛥऱ୴ᚰ۩੡ਝآڇਙएՂΕٍآڇ૨ၷᏆᖄၸᐋΕ׹ऄࢨवᢝ੺࠹ࠩࣔ

᧩ऱޅܒΔࢬאᢰቼښᓡڇ߷ᑌऱᛩቼխ౒׎ઌᅝچሐᐚܒឰඒߛΔڂڼᚨᇠ्

ࡳࠡࠉՂ్ࡎחऱ۩੡ױאॴথᆞຂ⁵²Δ۟࣍ࠡڂ۶ጟᆞຂ૞ైլࠠໂۖ൓אॴ থᆞຂΔڇᇠᖂᎅᓵ૪խࠀآᇡ૪Δ܀ױא৸ەऱֱٻਢᎁ੡ᢰቼښᓡֶ౒լऄ რᢝࢨཚৱױ౨ࢤΔۖ൓אॴথᆞຂΔᣂ࣍ڼຝ։ऱ൶ಘ୲ఎڇءᓵ֮հ৵ऱີ

ᆏխףא൶ಘΖ!

!

!!!!׼؆ԫଡ൶ಘᢰቼښᓡኙࠡ۩੡ᚨܡ૤ᖜ٩ࠃຂٚऱྡྷរ੡լऄრᢝऱം

ᠲΔڇຍଡംᠲՂऄೃऱ൶ಘૹរٍڇ࣍ሔऄ۩੡ਢܡψࣔ᧩ױवωऱംᠲՂΔ ऄೃڇܒެխᎁ੡๯ܫڶᖲᄎ৸ە֗ᛵᇞڽՋ୴ᚰڇऄ৳Ղऱ୲๺ࢤംᠲΔᇠ۩

੡ሔ֘٩ऄຍଡࠃኔਢԫ堚ԲᄑऱΔԫ౳Փ܎م࣍๯ܫऱᇷಛഗ៕ՂΔઃլႊၞ

ԫޡ৸ەܛױ᎘࣐ᛵᇞᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄΔ׼؆Δൕ๯ܫऱנߪ֗ඒߛહནࠐ઎Δ ឈྥࠡ࠹ࠩਙएՂრᢝীኪऱᥒᙁΔ܀ٵᑌچࠡՈڶך։چᛧ൓ᣂ࣍إᆠ֗Գሐ ऱᄗ࢚ΔࠡխᆃַවԳܛ᥆࣍଩෻ᖂऱு֨ᏝଖΔࢬא๯ܫኙࡎחሔ֘٩ऄױ౨ آڶᗨᄕऱᎁᢝۖະ࣍ᆃַᙑᎄΔ܀ᇠ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄਢࣔ᧩ױवऱΔڂڼ๯ܫࠀ

ྤऄࠉᐚഏຬ௧़૨٩ऄร 5 යร 1 ႈॴথᆞຂΔܛ๯ܫऱᆃַᙑᎄࠉᐚഏ٩ऄ ร 17 යਢױᝩ܍ऱΖᜤ߶ཏຏऄೃऄࡴٍᎁٵࠃኔᐉऄೃऄࡴऱߠᇞ⁴²Ζऄೃ

ऱ৸ەᑓڤױא១֏ڕՀΚ๯ܫࢬ࠹ऱඒߛխսڶ๯ඒᖄᆃַවԳШ๯ܫ׌ᨠՂ

40 BGHSt 39,1= NJW 1993 ,141(149 ).

42 BGHSt 39,168=NJW 1993 , 1932( 1936f ).

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वሐවԳਢ੡٩ऄࢬᆃַऱШ๯ܫᚨᇠवሐܛࠌࠉՂ్ࡎחۖ੡වԳ۩੡ٍਢ ሔ֘٩ऄۖլ๯ւ๺Шಯԫޡߢܛࠌ๯ܫآᗨᄕچᎁᢝࠩψࠉՂ్ࡎחۖ੡වԳ

۩੡ٍਢሔ֘٩ऄۖլ๯ւ๺ωۖະ࣍ᆃַᙑᎄШڂවԳ۩੡ሔ֘٩ऄএࣔ᧩ױ वਚᇠᆃַᙑᎄᚨױᝩ܍Ш࿨ᓵਢ๯ܫսᚨ૤ᖜ٩ࠃຂٚΜ༉ڕᖂᎅࢬޅܒ ऱΔڇຍᑌऱऄೃߠᇞխۿ׏ႛലᆃַᙑᎄऱױᝩ܍ࢤհ෻ط໺ഗ࣍سࡎਢ່೏

ऄ墿Δۖᎁ੡ԫଡ࠹መඒߛऱԳຟᚨױᝩ܍ະ࣍ᎁ੡වԳএ๯ւ๺ຍᑌऱᙑᎄ խΔ܀ऄೃլᚨႛאড়ᨠژڇᣤૹሔ֘Գᦞ܂੡෻طΔᎁ੡ኙ࣍ᢰቼښᓡۖߢᇠ ሔ֘٩ऄհൣउএࣔ᧩ױवऱΔڇຍᇙᝫؘႊᇖךᇞᤩ੡۶ଡܑऱՓ܎૿ኙຍᑌ ऱඒߛΕრᢝীኪᥒᙁ࿛Δࠡױאශྤᡖጊچᎁवࠩࠡ۩ሔ֘٩ऄΔ٩ࠃऄೃኙ

࣍ூࠏࠃኔࠀآڇຍᑌऱᨠរՀಘᓵΔڇຍԫរՂױא࿇෼ᆞຂ଺ঞࠀآ๯ך։

چەᐞ⁵⁴Ζ!

43 Alexy , Der Beschluß des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu den Tötungen an der innerdeutschen Grenze vom 24.Oktober 1996 , S. 36.

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รԿີ

รԿີ!! !! !! !!ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂ ൕ۩ਙᖂΕ Ε Ε Εิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡ ิ៣षᄎᖂፖषᄎ֨෻ᖂհߡ৫։࣫ࣚൕ۩੡!!!!

รԫᆏ รԫᆏ รԫᆏ

รԫᆏ!!!!!!!!ൕ۩ਙᖂፖิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរ൶ಘൕ۩ਙᖂፖิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរ൶ಘൕ۩ਙᖂፖิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរ൶ಘൕ۩ਙᖂፖิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរ൶ಘઝᐋิ៣խհଡԳઝᐋิ៣խհଡԳઝᐋิ៣խհଡԳ!ઝᐋิ៣խհଡԳ

ڇ෼זषᄎխΔՅਢױ๯ጠ೚ิ៣ऱቸ᧯Δڍආشઝᐋิ៣ऱݮڤΔ֠ࠡਢ ഏ୮ᖲᣂޓਢڕڼΖઝᐋิ៣׌૞ڶՀ٨նጟ௽ᐛΚΰԫαᖫم๵ঞࠫ৫ऱᦞ৖

ࢤΚิ៣ऱֲൄሎ܂Δਢ࠹ࠩࠃ٣๻ૠऱࠫ৫ΕᙄऄΕ๵ີښঞࢬᆏࠫΔٺଡ៭

ۯհၴऱᣂএΕຂٚΕᆠ೭֗ᚨڶऱᦞԺࡉᦞܓΔઃࣔᒔ堚ཐऱૡࡳΖൎᓳ෻ࢤΔ ᝩ܍Գ੡ऱڂైᐙ᥼ิ៣ऱய෷ፖய౨Δຍጟֆߏ։ࣔऱᨠ࢚Δਢإڤઝᐋิ៣ խ່ൎᓳऱψॺԳࢤωΰimpersonalityαΖΰԲαᦞ৖ᐋ్᧯ࠫऱ๻مΚՂ׹ቛ᥆ၴ

ऱᦞԺ։಻Δਢଡڶ఼ݧऱ᧯ߓΔᦞԺऱՕ՛֗ຂٚऱ᎘ૹΔࠉ៭ۯᐋ్ऱ೏܅Δ

ۖڶࢬլٵΔڇຍᐋ్᧯ࠫխΔՂ׹ڶᦞਐᖄΕ጑ᅮፖጥ෻ቛ᥆ऱՠ܂।෼Δڇ

ؘ૞ழΔቛ᥆ٍױຏመਝࡳጥሐٻՂ్໢ۯع္Δᆖطຍጟᦞ৖ᐋ్᧯ࠫΔ։ՠ

൓אڶߓอऱ୶ၲΔࠀڂۖ൓אڶய෷چ൳ࠫิ៣ᇙऱֲൄ੒೯ΖΰԿαشԳഄ թ଺ঞΚԳࠃऱٚشΕ֒ᔢࡉەுਢ௅ᖕ๯ٚشृऱवᢝΕݾ๬Εಝᒭ֗ᆖ᧭ۖ

ࡳΔএڂઝᐋิ៣խऱՠ܂ڂ։ՠۖ᝟࣍റ॰Δഄڶᆖመᔞᅝಝᒭ֗ڶߩജऱറ ᄐवᢝृΔթڶᇷ௑๯ەᐞٚشΖΰ؄αറ៭ᨠ࢚ऱ৬مΚઝᐋิ៣փऱՕຝ։

៭ۯፖՠ܂Δຟᚨီհ੡റ៭Δิ៣ؘႊ༼ࠎࠡګ୉אٽ෻ऱ֒ᔢၞଥᖲᄎΔࠀ ב࿯௽ࡳऱሟ໎ࡉಯٖ८Ζΰնα֮ٙᚾூࠫ৫֏Κ֮ٙᚾூऱ৬مਢ෼זิ៣ ጥ෻ऱഗء૞ٙΔڂ੡֮ٙᚾூऱ৬مΔױࠌิ៣ऱֲൄ܂ᄐሎ܂Δլؘ࠹ࠫ࣍

ڇ៭ृΔܛլᄎڂګ୉ᠦ៭Δۖࠌิ៣ሎ܂࠹ࠩᐙ᥼ΔངߢհΔิ៣ऱഗءցై

ਢ៭ۯΔۖॺԳ⁵⁵Ζઝᐋิ៣ڶ๺ڍإٻऱפ౨Δ܀Ոᄎขسᣤૹऱ֘פ౨Δਅ ښ๵ঞᄎ᧢ګᏜ֏ࡉψ೚ࡴᑌ֮ີωΔॺԳ௑ࢤᄎທګઝᐋऱܐዣࡉᙈၬΔᐋၸ

ࠫᄎᚘࠫଡԳऱຂٚ֨ࡉଈ໌壄壀⁵⁶Ζ!

!

!!!!ઝᐋᦞ৖ਢԳଚڂ੡۾ᖕԱᐋၸ࿨ዌփऱਬԫۯᆜࢨ៭ۯۖᛧ൓ऱᦞ৖Δ،

44 ്ẺႆΔิ៣षᄎᖂΔԿاΔ75 ڣ 12 ִॣठΔร 108~110 ଄Ζ

45 David BeethamထΔᔤᑗؓ ᤟ΔઝᐋࠫΰBureaucracyαΔெগΔ1992 ڣ 4 ִॣठΔร 15 ଄Ζ

(34)

ਢ൓۞࣍ፖ៭ۯઌᜤᢀऱᦞ৖⁵⁷ΖՈ༉ਢᎅՂ׹ڶᦞࡎחቛ᥆ၞ۩ՠ܂Δۖቛ᥆ ڶᆠ೭ࣚൕՂ׹ऱࡎחΖڼᣊᦞԺᣂএհࢬאขسۖ๯٥ٵ൷࠹ᙅښΔࠀॺڂ੡

ψՂ׹ωࡉψቛ᥆ωԲृڇଡԳ௽ᐛՂڶ۶᧩ထऱլٵΔۖਢڂ੡ڼԲԳ৾ړ๠

࣍լٵऱ៭ۯՂΔۖڇլٵऱ៭ۯՂΔٺڶࠡറ׹ऱՠ܂ຂٚࡉᙅൕऱ๵ᒤΔࠀ ط࣍៭ۯՂऱൕ᥆ᣂএΔڇ៭ृؘႊᙅൕ៭ۯࢬᓿղऱᦞܓΕᆠ೭ࡉՠ܂ᄷঞۖ

۩ࠃ⁵⁸ΖՂ్ኙՀ్ࢬ࿇נऱࡎחຏൄ๯ᎁ੡ਢࠠڶψᦞ৖ωΔ܀ਢ Cbsobse ᎁ੡

ᦞ৖լڇ࿇ࡎחृΔۖਢڇ๯ࡎחृΔܛီ๯ࡎחԳ൷࠹ࢨٵრऱ࿓৫Օ՛ۖ

ࡳΔຍጟ൷࠹࿓৫ऱՕ՛ԾࠉՀ٨؄ଡයٙۖڶࢬլٵΔٍܛݙ٤൷࠹ࡎחؘ

ႊΚΰԫα࠹ࡎृᒔբԱᇞΙΰԲαٽ࣍ิ៣ऱؾᑑΙΰԿαլሔહ࠹ࡎृऱܓ墿Ι ΰ؄α࠹ࡎृڶ౨Ժףאച۩⁵⁹Ζ

ൕิ៣षᄎᖂऱᨠរࠐ઎Δ๯ิ៣ො֏ऱଡԳΔլ٦ਢ۞ྥԳΔۖਢิ៣ԳΖ הڶਝࡳऱ៭ຂࡉᦞૻΔהऱ۩ࠃֱऄਢ࠹ࠩิ៣ࢬ጑ᅮࡉጥ෻ऱΖᅝྥΔຍࠀ լ।قڇڼ៭ۯՂऱิ៣ګ୉ݙ٤޲ڶ۞طެࡳᦞΔٍլᏁ૞ܒឰ౨ԺΔۖਢᎅ

ྤᓵڇެ࿜ᙇᖗΔࢨܒឰᚌ٭խΔהࢬᙅ༛ऱᑑᄷᚨլਢଡԳऱ໛ړΔהؘႊൕ

ิ៣ᖞ᧯ܓ墿ऱᨠរנ࿇ΖଡԳऱܓ墿ࡉิ៣ऱܓ墿ࠀॺլױ౨ٽࠓ੡ԫΔ܀থ լԫࡳᄎԫીΖຍጟ஁ฆऱൣݮڇิ៣᧯ࠫՂᐋऱԳΔ၏ᠦᄎֺለ՛Δ۞طဪၦ ᦞֺለՕΙۖڇۯᆜ܅ऱګ୉Δ۞طဪၦᦞለ՛ΔڍࠉՂ్๵ࡳࡉࡎחΔᅃີ۩

ࠃΖࠡଡԳऱܓ墿ࡉิ៣ऱܓ墿ױ౨ݙ٤ਢࠟڃࠃΔൕࠃຍٝՠ܂ױ౨ႛਢ੡Ա س੒ΔլԫࡳᏁ૞ᎁٵิ៣ऱؾᑑΔ܀Ꮑ૞੡ิ៣ऱܓ墿ۖψᕿ೐ω^5:Ζิ៣ګ

୉ױאီψၞԵิ៣ࢨ੡ࠡխऱԫ୉ω੡ࠡሒګଡԳؾᑑऱ֫੄ΔլؘڇൣტΕ Ꮭଖᨠࢨኪ৫Ղᎁٵิ៣ऱؾᑑΔۖ׽Ꮑڇ۩੡Ղฤٽิ៣ऱ૞ޣΔլሔ֘ิ៣

46 David BeethamထΔᔤᑗؓ ᤟ΔઝᐋࠫΰBureaucracyαΔெগΔ1992 ڣ 4 ִॣठΔร 17 ଄Ζ

47 ്ẺႆΔิ៣षᄎᖂΔԿاΔ75 ڣ 12 ִॣठΔร 108 ଄Ζ

48 ്ᑮ஼Δ۩ਙᖂᄗ૞ΔնতΔ74 ڣ 4 ִԼ؄ठΔร 56 ଄Ζ

49 ്ẺႆΔิ៣षᄎᖂΔԿاΔ75 ڣ 12 ִॣठΔร 30 ଄Ζ