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市場流動性與公司違約風險

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⚳䩳冢䀋⣏⬠䭉䎮⬠昊屉⊁慹圵⬠䲣 䡑⢓婾㔯

Department of Finance College of Management National Taiwan University

Master Thesis

ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏冯℔⎠忽䲬桐晒

Market Liquidity and Default Risk

㛶⃱幺

Kuang-Hsuan Lee

㊯⮶㔁㌰烉 昛㤕⮏ ⌂⢓

Advisor: Yehning Chen, Ph.D.

ᷕ厗㮹⚳ 103 ⸜ 7 㚰

July, 2014

(2)

デ嫅↥

椾⃰炻㛔䭯婾㔯⼿ẍ⬴ㆸ炻⽭枰⃰デ嫅ㆹ䘬㊯⮶侩ⷓ昛㤕⮏㔁㌰炻忁㗗ㆹṢ

䓇ᷕ䫔ᶨ䭯婾㔯炻㇨ẍㆹᶨ攳⥳㚱⼰⣂ᶵ↯⮎晃䘬゛⁷䨢攻炻侩ⷓ⮵㬌⇯㗗朆ⷠ

㚱侸⽫⛘倥⬴⬠䓇䘬゛㱽炻ℵ㍸↢⮵㬌婾⓷柴䚖䘬⎗埴⿏侴ᶵ㗗ᶨ攳⥳⯙⬴ℐ⏎

㰢⬠䓇゛㱽炻⛐忁ᶨ⓷ᶨ䫼䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⬠䓇⬠⇘Ḯ⬠埻䞼䨞䘬䫔ᶨ㬍ẍ⍲㚜嬻⬠

䓇䌐䩳⿅侫烊婒⮎⛐炻⬠䓇㚨㛇⼭㭷㫉嶇侩ⷓ妶婾婾㔯䘬㗪῁炻忁㗗⃭㺧怷廗嶇

㍐䎮䘬忶䦳炻朊⮵⮎嫱↢Ἦ䘬䳸㝄炻⬠䓇ᶨ攳⥳䷥㗗㮓䃉柕䵺炻侩ⷓṵ朆ⷠ侸⽫

⛘ㄊㄊ㊯⺽⬠䓇゛↢㚱嵋䘬゛㱽炻䚳↢忁䳸㝄䘬㳆夳炻忁忶䦳ᷕ⬠䓇デ⍿⇘侩ⷓ

⣂⸜Ἦ䞼䨞䴻槿➡梲↢䘬䴻㾇䚜奢炻⬠䓇㶙デἑ㚵炻㚱㛅ᶨ㖍ⶴ㛃傥⁷侩ⷓᶨ㧋

⍚⭛烊㚨⼴炻晾䃞忁㗗ㆹ䘬婾㔯炻ᶵ忶劍㰺㚱㊯⮶侩ⷓ䘬⸓⾁炻ㆹᶨ⭂䃉㱽⬴ㆸ

㬌䭯婾㔯炻㇨ẍㆹ天デ嫅侩ⷓ䘬㊯⮶ˤ

ℵἮ⇯㗗デ嫅ㆹ䘬䇞㭵奒炻⛐ㆹ㯪⬠忶䦳ᷕ炻䷥㗗朆ⷠ㓗㊩ㆹ䘬㰢⭂炻ᶵ㚫

⍣岒䔹忶ㆹṨ湤炻ḇ㍸ὃㆹ堋梇䃉ㄪ䘬䓇㳣炻嬻ㆹᶵ⽭䘥⣑ᶲ婚炻㘂ᶲ⛐梸⺛ㇻ

ⶍ炻⎗ẍ嬻ㆹℐ⽫ℐシ䘬⬴ㆸㆹ䘬婾㔯ˤ

㚨⼴炻デ嫅ㆹ䘬屉慹㇨⤥㚳⍳嶇⣏⬠⤥㚳⍳炻⣏⬠⤥㚳⍳䷥㗗倥ㆹ⎸劎㯜炻

䲻妋ㆹ䘬⡻≃烊屉慹㇨㚳⍳⇯㗗嬻ㆹデ⍿⇘冒⶙ᶵ㗗ᶨᾳṢ炻⣏⭞悥ᶨ崟⛐昒Ἀ

⮓婾㔯炻晾䃞忁⬠㛇嶇⣏⭞䚠嗽㗪攻ᶵ⣂炻Ữ㭷㫉忯⇘屉慹㇨㚳⍳䷥㗗⼰攳⽫炻

嶇⣏⭞俲⣑䘬㗪⃱朆ⷠケ⾓炻忁⮯㚱≑㕤旵Ỷ⡻≃炻㇨ẍㆹ朆ⷠデ嫅⣏⭞ˤ

(3)

ᷕ㔯㐀天

㛔䭯䞼䨞⇑䓐⎘䀋ᶲⶪᶲ㩫℔⎠䘬屯㕁忚埴⮎嫱䞼䨞炻㍊妶㗗⏎ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏

⎗ẍ⮵㕤枸㷔屉⊁⌙㨇㍸ὃ㚱₡ῤ䘬屯妲ˤ⛐㬌䭯䞼䨞ᷕ炻ㆹᾹ䘤䎦⇘⌛ἧ≈ℍ

Ḯ㔯ᷕ㍸⍲䘬㍏⇞嬲㔠⼴炻偉䤐ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯㚱枸㷔屉⊁⌙㨇䘬傥≃炻䔞℔⎠偉

䤐忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯Ṍ㖻慷ㆸ攟䌯グ檀炻娚℔⎠⛐㛒Ἦᶨ⸜ℏ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇䘬㨇䌯⇯

グỶˤ

㬌䳸㝄䘬℞ᷕᶨ䧖⎗傥⍇⚈䁢炻䔞℔⎠ᾉ䓐桐晒⡆≈炻屯妲ᶵ⮵䧙⮯⡆≈炻

㇨ẍ忁⮯ἧ⼿㈽屯Ṣᶵ栀シṌ㖻娚℔⎠䘬㚱₡嫱⇠烊⎎⢾ᶨ䧖忈ㆸ㬌䳸㝄䘬⍇⚈

䁢炻℔⎠㚱₡嫱⇠䘬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏㷃⮹⎗傥㚫⡆≈娚℔⎠䘬䯴屯ㆸ㛔炻忚侴忈ㆸᾉ

䓐桐晒⡆≈ˤ

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Abstract

Using the data of Taiwan’s listed firms, this thesis empirically investigates

whether market liquidity variables provide valuable information for predicting

corporate financial distress. It finds that, after controlling the variables documented in

the literature, the growth rate of a stock’s trading volumes still has prediction power

on financial distress. The higher the growth rate of trading volumes, the lower is the

probability that a firm will become financially distressed within one year.

One possible explanation for this result is that information asymmetry increases

as a firm’s credit risk becomes higher, so investors are more reluctant to trade the

firm’s stock. Also, the reduction in market liquidity may raise the firm’s funding costs,

thus increases its credit risk.

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䚖 䚖抬

ᷕ㔯㐀天 ... 2

劙㔯㐀天 ... 3

堐䚖抬... 5

⚾䚖抬... 6

䫔ᶨ䪈 䵺婾 ... 7

䫔Ḵ䪈 㔯䌣㍊妶 ... 9

䫔ᶱ䪈 䞼䨞㕡㱽 ... 15

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 㧋㛔怠⍾……….15

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ 屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ⭂佑……….……….17

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ 嬲㔠怠⍾………..……….20

䫔⚃䭨ġ 㧉✳怠⍾……….22

䫔⚃䪈 ⮎嫱䳸㝄 ... 24

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ 㔀徘䴙妰……….24

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ 㳩≽⿏嬲㔠㭼庫….……….……….31

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ 偉₡⮵ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳䘬⼙枧………..……….34

䫔Ḽ䪈 䨑‍⹎㷔娎 ... 36

䫔ℕ䪈 䳸婾冯⺢嬘 ... 44

⍫侫㔯䌣 ... 45

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堐 堐䚖抬

TEJ ℔⎠⣏ḳ䲨(堐ᶨ) ---18

惵⮵㧋㛔䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐Ḵ)---25

惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐ᶱ)---26

惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐⚃)---27

惵⮵㧋㛔䘬䚠斄⿏↮㜸堐(堐Ḽ)---28

惵⮵㧋㛔䘬䴙妰㧉✳(堐ℕ)---33

㔜橼㧋㛔䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐ᶫ)---37

㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐ℓ)---38

㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐(堐ḅ)---39

㔜橼㧋㛔䘬䚠斄⿏↮㜸堐(堐⋩)---40

㔜橼㧋㛔䘬䴙妰㧉✳(堐⋩ᶨ)---43

(7)

⚾䚖抬

屉⊁⌙㨇⸜⹎⭂佑(⚾ᶨ)---17

(8)

䫔ᶨ䪈 䵺婾

⛐䚖⇵忁湤⣂䘬ᾉ䓐枸嬎㧉✳ᷕ炻㗗⏎ṵ㚱㛒塓妋慳䘬䵕⹎⬀⛐烎

㳩≽⿏ᶨ䚜⺋⍿屉⊁柀➇⮰⭞䘬╄ッ炻㳩≽⿏⍰↮䁢ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏冯㚫妰㳩≽

⿏炻㚫妰㳩≽⿏⶚塓姙⣂屉⊁⬠⭞≈ℍᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳ᷕ炻ᶵ忶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⌣

ṵ㛒塓≈ℍˤⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ẋ堐叿㈽屯Ṣ屟Ḯ娚℔⎠䘬㚱₡嫱⇠⼴炻℞㚱₡嫱⇠䘬

㳩≽⿏⣏⮷炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻⛐ᷳ⇵姙⣂⬠侭䘮㚱䞼䨞ⶪ⟜嬲㔠枸㷔℔⎠ᾉ䓐桐

晒炻晾䃞ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ḇⰔ㕤ⶪ⟜嬲㔠ᷳᶨ炻ᶵ忶㚱⇍㕤ᷳ⇵䘬ⶪ⟜嬲㔠䘮冯偉₡

⟙愔㚱⭮↯䚠斄炻ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏冯Ṍ㖻ˣ夷㧉㚱⭮↯斄Ὢ炻侴朆冯偉₡⟙愔㚱⭮↯

䚠斄炻㇨ẍℑ侭ṵ㚱ṃ姙ⶖ䔘ˤ⮵㕤≈ℍⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⍇⚈炻ㆹᾹ娵䁢ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏

⎗傥⎗ẍ柵⢾妋慳ᾉ䓐桐晒炻⮵㕤妋慳䘬悐↮ㆹᾹ㬠䲵↢ᶱᾳ䎮䓙炻䫔ᶨˣㆹᾹ

枸㛇䔞℔⎠屉⊁䉨㱩㭷㱩グᶳ炻屯妲ᶵ⮵䧙⮯崲Ἦ崲♜慵炻忁⮯ἧ⼿㈽屯Ṣ娵岤

シ栀旵Ỷ炻忚侴忈ㆸⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ᶳ㹹烉䫔Ḵˣ䔞℔⎠徸㻠デ⍿⇘屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘤

䓇㨇䌯ᶲ⋯㗪炻ḇ㚫嬻㳩忂↢⍣䘬屯妲旵Ỷ炻忁㚫ἧ⼿㈽屯Ṣ㑩㚱䘬屯妲旵Ỷ炻

㚜攻㍍⼙枧⇘ⶪ⟜ᶲ䘬㳩≽⿏烊㚨⼴ˣㆹᾹḇ枸㛇䔞℔⎠ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ᶵ嵛㗪炻㈽

屯Ṣ娵岤シ栀旵Ỷ炻娚℔⎠⊇屯ㆸ㛔ᶲ⋯炻忁⎗傥㚫攻㍍⼙枧⇘℞ᾉ䓐桐晒炻➢

㕤ᶲ徘䘬ᶱ䧖䎮䓙炻ㆹᾹ枸㛇ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⮵℔⎠ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘤䓇㚱

ᶨ⭂䘬枸㷔傥≃炻㓭攳⥳Ḯ㛔䭯䞼䨞ˤ

⛐⬠䓴㚱姙⣂㕡⺷Ἦ堉慷℞㳩≽⿏炻⛐㛔䭯䞼䨞ㆹᾹ㍉䓐Ḯℑ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻

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₡)-LOG(ᶲᶨṌ㖻㖍偉₡)|/ㆸṌ慷(⋫偉)冯℞ㆸ攟䌯䔞ἄ朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁炻ㆹᾹ⎗

ẍ枸㛇⇘䔞偉₡嬲⊾䌯ᶵ嬲ᶳ炻ㆸṌ慷⡆≈炻㚫ἧ⼿朆㳩≽⿏嬲㔠㔠ῤ㷃⮹炻シ

媪㳩≽⿏ᶲ⋯烊⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻䔞ㆸṌ慷ᶵ嬲ᶳ炻偉₡嬲⊾䌯⡆≈炻㬌朆㳩≽⿏嬲㔠

㔠ῤ⡆≈炻シ媪㳩≽⿏㷃⮹ˤ

⮵㕤䫔Ḵ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻ㆹᾹ㍉䓐Ḯ⺋䁢Ṣ䞍䘬忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯

䔞ἄ⎎⢾ᶨᾳ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁炻䚜奢⛘炻䔞ㆸṌ慷㓦⣏炻㳩≽⿏⡆≈烊䔞ㆸṌ慷䷖⮷炻

㳩≽⿏㷃⮹ˤ

ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸炻䓙㕤ㆹᾹ㚱ᶨ䳬嬲㔠䁢ㆸṌ慷炻ㆸṌ慷⼨⼨冯偉₡ㆸ檀⹎䚠斄炻

⛲攻㈽屯Ṣ㚜⇑䓐ㆸṌ慷冯偉₡䘬斄ὪἄṌ㖻䫾䔍炻㇨ẍ⮵㕤䫔Ḵ䳬䘬ⶪ⟜㳩≽

⿏炻⌛ㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯炻ㆹᾹ⮯⣂≈ℑᾳ冒嬲㔠偉₡冯℞ㆸ攟䌯炻ẍ㬌ἄ䁢㍏

⇞嬲㔠炻ẍ㍊妶㌺昌㌱偉₡⼙枧ᶳ炻ㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯⮵ᾉ䓐桐晒䘬斄Ὢˤ

㚨⼴䳸㝄栗䣢炻⛐㍏⇞℞Ṿ㚱㓰嬲㔠ᶳ炻ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯⎗ẍ柵⢾⛘妋慳℔⎠

䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇䘬㨇䌯炻⤪ㆹᾹ枸㛇⛘炻ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⎗ẍ⮵℔⎠ᾉ䓐桐晒℟㚱枸㷔

傥≃ˤ

㛔婾㔯䘬⼴临ℏ⭡⤪ᶳ炻䫔Ḵ䪈䁢㔯䌣㍊妶炻⚆栏㛔䞼䨞㇨䓐䘬㕡㱽婾炻⊭

㊔Ḯ㧉✳⭂佑冯㬟⎚炻䫔ᶱ䪈䁢䞼䨞姕妰炻ᷣ天䁢⮵屯㕁ˣ嬲㔠冯㧉✳ἄ㚜㶙ℍ

䘬ṳ䳡嶇⭂佑炻䫔⚃䪈䁢⮎嫱䳸㝄炻昌Ḯ㩊槿⇵Ṣ℔娵㚨Ἓ㧉✳⛐㬌㗪溆冯㬌⋨

㗗⏎ṵ怑䓐⢾炻ḇ⎗ẍ㩊槿ㆹᾹ䘬䳸㝄㗗⏎䫎⎰枸㛇炻㚨⼴䁢䫔Ḽ䪈䨑‍⹎㷔娎炻

Ἦ㩊槿℞䳸㝄㗗⏎冯惵⮵㧋㛔㚱ᶨ农⿏炻䫔ℕ䪈䳸婾冯⺢嬘炻䁢㛔䞼䨞ἄ↢䷥

(10)

䳸ˤ

䫔Ḵ䪈 㔯䌣㍊妶

䓙㕤㛔䞼䨞⛐㍊妶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏㚫ᶵ㚫⮵℔⎠ᾉ䓐桐晒㚱㚜ᶵᶨ㧋䘬妋慳奺

⹎炻㇨ẍ⽭枰㍏⇞ỷ℞Ṿ嬲⚈炻侴忁ṃ嬲⚈䚜㍍Ἦ冒㕤䚖⇵℔娵㚨Ἓ䘬℔⎠ᾉ䓐

枸嬎㧉✳炻劍㗗䳸㝄栗叿⯙シ媪ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⎗ẍ柵⢾妋慳℔⎠ᾉ䓐桐晒ˤ

㇨ẍ忁怲ㆹᾹ暨天⍣⭂佑Ṩ湤㗗䚖⇵㚨怑ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳炻⛐惵⮵㧋㛔屯

㕁ᷕㆹᾹ㍉䓐䘬㗗 Logit 㧉✳᷎≈ℍ㚫妰嬲㔠嶇ⶪ⟜嬲㔠烊⛐䨑‍⹎㷔娎ᷕ炻ㆹ

Ᾱ㍉䓐䘬㗗 Hazard rate 㧉✳᷎≈ℍ⎴㧋䘬㚫妰嬲㔠嶇ⶪ⟜嬲㔠炻忁怲䘬㚫妰嬲

㔠䁢厫⍾㛶㽌よ(2002)㧉✳ᷕ䘬嬲㔠炻⌛㬌嬲㔠ℙ⊭⏓ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯(怬⍇ℐ⸜

䆇㓞/⸛⛯(ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦⍲䤐㒂 +ㅱ㓞䤐㒂層䎦))ˣᾅ䔁䙰检䌯(㛒↮惵䙰检/屯䓊䷥

柵)ˣ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯((屯䓊䷥柵 -⍣⸜⎴㛇屯䓊䷥柵) /(⍣⸜⎴㛇屯䓊䷥柵) *100%)ˣ

屈⁝㭼䌯(屈⁝䷥柵 /屯䓊䷥柵 *100(%))冯䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯(Ἦ冒䆇忳ᷳ䎦慹㳩慷 /

㳩≽屈⁝ *100)烊ⶪ⟜嬲㔠⇯㗗⊭⏓忽䲬嶅暊 DD 冯䚠⮵夷㧉(LOG 娚℔⎠ⶪῤ(䘦

叔⃫)-LOG ㇨㚱℔⎠䷥ⶪῤ(䘦叔⃫))ˣ崭柵⟙愔䌯(ᾳ偉⸜⟙愔䌯-⣏䚌⸜⟙愔䌯)

冯偉₡⟙愔䌯㧁㸾ⶖ(忶⍣ᶨ⸜)ˣㆸ䩳⸜ấ炻⛐ᷳ⼴䘬䚖⇵㚨怑ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉

✳炻劍㰺⻟婧⌛㗗 Logit 㧉✳᷎≈ℍ㚫妰嬲㔠嶇ⶪ⟜嬲㔠ˤ

䓙㕤ㆹᾹ∃∃⭂佑Ḯ䚖⇵㚨怑ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳炻㬌㧉✳⺽䓐Ḯ姙⣂ᷳ⇵䘬

䞼䨞炻㇨ẍ忁忁墉炻ㆹᾹ⮯⚆栏㔜ᾳᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳䘤⯽忶䦳炻ℵἮ↮⇍娛䳘

(11)

妶婾⚆栏㚫妰㧉✳ˣⶪ⟜㧉✳炻㚨⼴㗗 Hazard rate 㧉✳ˤ

ᶨˣᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳㺼忚

ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳炻⶚㚱朆ⷠ⣂⬠侭䞼䨞炻㖑㛇㚱 Altman(1968)䘬 Z-score

㧉✳冯 Ohlson(1980)䘬 Logit 㧉✳炻ᶵ忶忁㗗朄ン䘬㧉✳炻ᷳ⼴ Shumway(2001)

㚜䘤⯽↢≽ン䘬㧉✳炻Ṿ䘬⬀临㛇攻㧉✳㚜侫ㄖḮ℔⎠䉨㱩㗗㗪嬲↥㔠䘬㤪⾝炻

㍸ὃḮ㚜䱦䡢䘬㧉✳烊⽆屯㕁朊Ἦ䚳炻晐叿ⶪ⟜屯㕁崲Ἦ崲⣂炻徸㻠㚱⬠侭攳⥳

䓙ⶪ⟜朊Ἦ㍊妶屉⊁⌙㨇⓷柴炻℞ᷕ⍰䓙怠㑯㪲⣏ⷓ Merton(1974)䘬怠㑯㪲㧉✳

㚨叿⎵炻⚈䁢Ṿἧ䓐Ḯ㚜⌛㗪䘬ⶪ⟜屯㕁炻㇨ẍ㭼崟⁛䴙ᶲ䘬㚫妰屯㕁䘬㧉✳㚜

傥⮵℔⎠䘬₡ῤ㲊≽㍸↢㚜⤥䘬妋慳炻ᷳ⼴䘬⮎嫱䳸㝄ḇ栗䣢㬌⮵忽䲬㚱⼰⤥䘬

妋慳傥≃炻⮵ᾉ䓐桐晒㍸↢Ḯ㚜ᶵᶨ㧋䘬奺⹎烊ᶵ忶ⶪ⟜嬲㔠⯙嵛ẍ妋慳ᶨ↯╶烎

Campbell et al.(2006)㍸↢ᶵᶨ㧋䘬䚳㱽炻Ṿἧ䓐冯 Merton 㧉✳䚠Ụ㤪⾝䘬嬲㔠

䲵ℍ怠㑯㪲㧉✳ᷕ䳸㝄ṵ栗叿炻忁堐䣢怠㑯㪲㧉✳朆⃭↮䴙妰慷炻⎗傥暨天℞Ṿ

嬲㔠Ἦ㓗㊩炻ᶨᾳ忽䲬嶅暊忽䲬嶅暊 DD 㗗ᶵ嵛⣈䘬炰⸠忳䘬㗗炻Agarwal and

Taffler(2008)䘤䎦㚫妰屯妲嬲㔠冯ⶪ⟜屯妲嬲㔠ㅱ娚㓦⛐ᶨ崟炻⚈䁢ℑ侭䃉㱽Ḻ

䚠⬴ℐ妋慳⼤㬌炻侴ᶼℑ侭㓦忚㧉✳ᷕ℞䷥㓰㝄㚜Ἓ炻㬌㧉✳ḇ⯙塓娵䁢㗗列⤥

䘬ⶪ⟜䘬㧉✳炻㍍ᶳἮ炻ㆹᾹ⮯憅⮵∃∃㍸⇘䘬㚫妰桐晒枸嬎㧉✳ˣⶪ⟜桐晒枸

嬎㧉✳冯 Hazard rate 㧉✳ 㚜娛䳘䘬婒㖶ˤ

(12)

Ḵˣ㚫妰桐晒枸嬎㧉✳

ẍ㚫妰㧉✳䘬䞼䨞ᷕ炻ὅ㗪攻⃰⼴枮⸷䁢 Altman(1964)䘬 Z-Score 㧉✳ˣ

Shumway(2001)䘬 Logit 㧉✳冯㛶㽌よ(2002)㧉✳ˤ

㚨㖑㚱㚨䁢Ṣ䞍㙱䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳䁢 Altman(1964)䘬 Z-Score 㧉✳炻

Z-Score㧉✳シ佑䯉╖㖶䝕炻℞㍉䓐䘬嬲㔠㚱Ḽᾳ炻ὅ⸷䁢䆇忳屯慹/屯䓊䷥柵ˣ

ᾅ䔁䙰检/屯䓊䷥柵ˣ〗⇵䦭⇵㶐⇑/屯䓊䷥柵ˣ偉㜙㪲䙲䘬ⶪῤ/屈⁝䷥柵冯䷥

屯䓊␐廱䌯ˤ䆇忳屯慹/屯䓊䷥柵⍵㗈Ḯ℔⎠屯䓊䘬嬲䎦傥≃冯夷㧉炻忁㘿䣢叿

劍ᶨᾳ℔⎠䆇忳屯慹㊩临㷃⮹炻⮯⎗傥ẋ堐叿℔⎠屯慹␐廱ᶵ曰ㆾ↢䎦䞕㛇⃇⁝

⌙㨇烊ᾅ䔁䙰检/屯䓊䷥柵⍵㗈Ḯ℔⎠䘬䳗䧵䌚⇑傥≃炻劍℔⎠ᾅ䔁䙰检崲檀炻

⇯ẋ堐℔⎠㓗Ẁ偉⇑䘬傥≃崲Ἓ烊〗⇵䦭⇵㶐⇑/屯䓊䷥柵ḇ⍵㗈Ḯᶲⶪ℔⎠忳

䓐ℐ悐屯䓊䌚⇑䘬傥≃烊偉㜙㪲䙲䘬ⶪῤ/屈⁝䷥柵炻䓐ⶪῤ⍾ẋḮⷛ朊₡ῤ炻

㬌㚜⎗ẍ⍵㗈℔⎠₡ῤ䘬⣏⮷烊䷥屯䓊␐廱䌯⌛扟ⓖ㓞ℍ/屯䓊䷥柵炻劍℔⎠␐

廱䌯崲檀炻⇯ẋ堐崲⭡㖻⃇怬⁝⊁炻崲ᶵ㖻䘤䓇ᾉ䓐桐晒ˤᶵ忶ᷳ⼴ Ohlson(1980)

䘤⯽↢Ἦ䘬 Logit 㧉✳⇯㗗ᶵ暨天`姕冒嬲㔠㚵⽆↮惵炻冒嬲㔠⎗ẍ朆ⷠ⣂⃫炻

⎗ẍ㗗忋临⿏嬲㔠冯栆⇍嬲㔠炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻Logit 㧉✳䘬ㅱ嬲㔠ῤ䁢ᶨᾳ㨇

䌯炻᷎朆㖶䡢䘬㗗冯⏎栆⇍嬲㔠炻ᶵ忶㬌㨇䌯⎗ẍ䴻忶ㆹᾹ姕⭂䘬㡅ẞἮ廱㎃炻

ᶨ凔娵䞍䘮ẍ 0.5 䁢冐䓴ῤ炻㈲ㅱ嬲㔠䘬忋临⿏岒廱ㆸ栆⇍嬲㔠✳ンˤ

晾䃞ẍᶲℑᾳ㧉✳朆ⷠ䱦⼑炻ᶵ忶ㆹᾹ㇨ἧ䓐䘬屯㕁䁢⎘䀋ᶲⶪᶲ㩫℔⎠炻

㇨ẍㆹᾹ侫ㄖ㛶㽌よ(2002)㍉䓐䘬屉⊁⟙堐ᷕ䘬㚫妰屯妲炻℞⍇⚈䁢㛶㽌よ(2002)

(13)

⶚䳸⎰ᶲ徘䘬㧉✳⃒溆炻᷎ᶼ⶚嫱⮎㬌怑⎰䓐㕤⎘䀋屯㕁炻㓭ㆹᾹ㍉䓐㬌㧉✳ˤ

㛶㽌よ(2002)㍉䓐䘬㧉✳䁢 Logit 㧉✳炻㏕惵ᶨṃ怑⎰⎘䀋ᾉ䓐桐晒䘬㚫妰

嬲㔠炻㬌㧉✳㍉䓐䘬㧋㛔᷎朆ℐ悐℔⎠䘬㧋㛔炻侴㗗㍉⍾惵⮵㧋㛔(44 ⭞屉⊁⌙

㨇℔⎠惵⮵ 44 ⭞㬋ⷠ℔⎠炻᷎ᶼ㈋昌慹圵㤕)炻侴ᶼ惵⮵䁢ᶨ㭼ᶨ炻ℵ≈ᶲ㬌㧉

✳䞼䨞䘬⸜↮䁢 1990-1999 ⸜攻炻晾䃞冯ㆹᾹἧ䓐䘬屯㕁⸜ẋⶖ䔘䓂⣏炻≈ᶲ⎘

䀋䔞㗪䓊㤕冯䎦Ṳ䓊㤕䳸㥳⎗傥ᶵ䚠⎴炻ᶵ忶忁ṃ嬲㔠⛐妋慳ᶲṵ㚱℞屉⊁シ佑炻

㓭ㆹᾹṵ㍉䓐℞嬲㔠炻ㆹᾹ⮯忁ṃ嬲㔠䲵ℍㆹᾹ䘬徜㬠㧉✳ᷕˤ

ᶱˣⶪ⟜桐晒枸嬎㧉✳

䓙㕤ㆹᾹ∃∃㍸⇘炻ㆹᾹḇ暨天ⶪ⟜屯妲䘬嬲㔠炻ᷣ天㚱⚃ᾳ嬲㔠炻䫔ᶨᾳ

嬲㔠䁢忽䲬嶅暊 DD炻ᷣ天䓙 Merton(1974)怠㑯㪲㧉✳㍐⮶↢Ἦ炻䫔Ḵˣ䫔ᶱ冯

䫔⚃嬲㔠↮⇍䁢䚠⮵夷㧉(Relative Size)ˣ崭柵⟙愔(℔⎠⸜⟙愔䌯㷃⍣⣏䚌⸜⟙愔

䌯)冯偉䤐⟙愔㲊≽⹎(Sigma)炻忁ᷣ天䓙 Shumway(2001)䴻忶⮎嫱炻䘤䎦忁ṃ嬲

㔠栗叿⼿↢炻㖍⼴ḇ㊩临㚱Ṣ㍉䓐炻㓭ㆹᾹ⮯忁ṃ嬲㔠≈ℍㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳ᷕˤ

䓙㕤 Merton(1974)怠㑯㪲㧉✳䚠⮵墯暄炻㓭㛔䞼䨞⮵㕤忽䲬嶅暊 DD 䘬㍐⮶

 ẍᶳ䯉䞕婒㖶炻㚱冰嵋⎗ẍ⍫教 Merton(1974)怠㑯㪲㧉✳炻忽䲬嶅暊 DD 䘬シ

⿅䁢忽䲬嶅暊炻㬌䁢℔⎠⛐㛒Ἦ㝸ᶨ㗪溆屯䓊₡ῤ冯屈⁝₡ῤ䘬嶅暊炻ᶼ㬌嶅暊

ẍ屯䓊㧁㸾ⶖ䁢╖ỵ炻冱ἳἮ婒炻忽䲬嶅暊 DD 䁢 1 ẋ堐℔⎠㛒Ἦ屯䓊₡ῤ冯屈

⁝₡ῤⶖᶨᾳ屯䓊㧁㸾ⶖ炻㇨ẍ忽䲬嶅暊 DD 劍㭼庫⣏炻⯙㭼庫ᶵ⭡㖻忽䲬炻㓭

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ⷠ䓐⛐ᾉ䓐桐晒㧉✳ᶲ炻⎎⢾炻㬌㧉✳ⷠ䓐屯䓊㛇㛃ⶪῤ冯屈⁝朊ῤἮ↮⇍䔞ἄ

屯䓊₡ῤ嶇屈⁝₡ῤ䘬㚧ẋ嬲㔠ˤ

㬌㤪⾝⎗ẍ䓙ẍᶳ㔠⬠㍷徘烉

ܸ ൌ ܸܰሺ݀ሻ െ ܦ݁ି௥௧ܰሺ݀ሻ ǥ Ǥ ሺͳሻ

ߪ ൌܸܰሺ݀ሻߪ

ܸ ǥ Ǥ ሺʹሻ

℞ᷕ

݀ ൌސ ቀܸ

ܦ ቁ ൅ ሺݎ ൅ ͳ ʹ ߪሻܶ

ߪξܶ ǡ ݀ ൌ ݀െ ߪξܶ ǥ ǥ ǥ Ǥ ሺ͵ሻ

℞ᷕ炻䁢偉㜙㪲䙲ⶪῤˣɐ䁢偉㜙㪲䙲⟙愔䌯ᷳ㧁㸾ⶖˣ䁢屯䓊ⶪῤˣ

ɐ䁢屯䓊⟙愔㧁㸾ⶖˣ”䁢䃉桐晒⇑䌯ˣ䁢㗪攻溆 T ᶳㅱ㶭⃇䘬屈⁝ˣɊ䁢屯䓊

ㆸ攟䌯ˤ⍰䓙㕤冯ɐ㛒䞍炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ⽭枰⇑䓐(1)ˣ(2)⺷倗䩳㯪妋炻⇯ㆹᾹ⎗

ẍ⼿⇘ܸ冯ߪ炻㓭℔⎠忽䲬嶅暊⎗ẍ䓐(4)⺷堐䣢

ܦܦ ൌސ ቀܸ

ܦ ቁ ൅ ሺɊ ൅ ͳ ʹ ߪሻܶ

ߪξܶ ǥ Ǥ ሺͶሻ

怠㑯㪲㧉✳ᷣ天㗗⇑䓐ⶪ⟜屯妲炻㇨ẍ庫ἧ䓐㚫妰屯妲䘬㧉✳㚜⌛㗪炻㇨ẍ

㚜傥妋慳℔⎠₡ῤ㲊≽炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗㬌㧉✳䘬ℑᾳ䚠⮵⻟䘬`姕炻䫔ᶨᾳ`姕

㭼庫ⷠ夳炻`姕偉䤐⟙愔䌯枰㚵⽆ⷠン↮惵炻⎎⢾ᶨᾳ`姕䁢℔⎠⎒㊩㚱ᶨ䫮䃉

Ẁ〗⁝⇠炻侴䴻忶 Campbell et al.(2006)冯 Shumway(2008)䘬䞼䨞䘮栗䣢炻忽䲬嶅

(15)

暊 DD ᶵ㗗㚨⤥䘬ⶪ⟜㧉✳炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ啱䓙≈ℍ℞Ṿ䘬ⶪ⟜嬲㔠ṵ㚱栗叿⿏炻

ᶵ忶忽䲬嶅暊 DD ṵ㗗䛦⣂ⶪ⟜嬲㔠ᷕ妋慳≃䚠⮵ᶵ拗䘬ᶨᾳ嬲㔠炻⚈㬌ㆹᾹ侫

ㄖ⮯忽䲬嶅暊 DD 冯℞Ṿ䘬ⶪ⟜嬲㔠䲵ℍㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳ᷕ炻侴℞Ṿ䘬嬲㔠Ἦ冒

Shumway(2001)ᶱᾳⶪ⟜嬲㔠炻䚠⮵夷㧉(Relative Size)ˣ崭柵⟙愔(℔⎠⸜⟙愔䌯

㷃⍣⣏䚌⸜⟙愔䌯)冯偉䤐⟙愔㲊≽⹎(Sigma)炻⮎嫱䳸㝄悥栗䣢㬌ᶱᾳ嬲㔠⮵ᾉ

䓐忽䲬㚱妋慳傥≃炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ㈲忽䲬嶅暊 DDˣ䚠⮵夷㧉(Relative Size)ˣ崭柵⟙愔

(℔⎠⸜⟙愔䌯㷃⍣⣏䚌⸜⟙愔䌯)冯偉䤐⟙愔㲊≽⹎(Sigma)䲵ℍㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳

ᷕˤ

⚃ˣHazard rate 㧉✳

昌Ḯ⇑䓐⇘㚫妰嬲㔠冯ⶪ⟜嬲㔠⢾炻ㆹᾹ⛐䨑‍⹎㷔娎ᷕ⮯㍉䓐 Hazard rate

㧉✳炻Hazard rate 㧉✳䓙 Shumway(2001)㍸↢炻⎗ẍ⮯㬌㧉✳夾䁢⣂㛇 Logit 㧉

✳炻℞ᷣ天䁢㈲ᶨ⭞℔⎠㇨㚱⎗ẍ奨⮇⇘䘬䉨㱩䘮䲵ℍ㧋㛔普⎰炻㇨ẍ⮯㚱ℑᾳ

⃒溆炻䫔ᶨᾳ⃒溆䁢炻⚈䁢㬌㧉✳㈲℔⎠䘤䓇䫔ᶨ㫉屉⊁⌙㨇⇵㭷⸜屯㕁㓦ℍ㧉

✳炻㧉✳䘬Ὢ㔠冯妋慳嬲㔠䘮晐㗪攻侴㓡嬲炻⎗ẍ⍵㗈晐㗪攻怆䦣ᶳ炻℔⎠橼岒

嬲⊾烊䫔Ḵᾳ⃒溆䁢㧋㛔㔠⎗ẍ⡆≈炻⛐ᷳ⇵䘬 Logit 㧉✳ᷕ炻劍㚱⋩⭞℔⎠⯙

⎒㚱⋩䫮㧋㛔炻ᶵ忶⛐㬌㧉✳ᷕ炻劍㭷ᶨ⭞℔⎠䘮⬀临Ḽ⸜炻⯙㚱Ḽ⋩䫮㧋㛔㔠炻

㇨ẍ㬌㧉✳⎗ẍ妋㰢㧋㛔㔠ᶵ嵛䘬⓷柴ˤ晾䃞㬌㧉✳㚱ṃ姙墯暄炻ᶵ忶⸠忳䘬㗗炻

Shumway(2001)嫱㖶Ḯ㬌㧉✳䘬 Logit 㧉✳䘬㤪Ụ↥㔠⺷䚠⎴䘬炻㇨ẍ⎗ẍ䓐 Logit

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㧉✳⮵㬌㧉✳Ὢ㔠ἄỘ妰炻ᶵ忶䴙妰慷暨 ṃ姙婧㔜炻㟡㒂 Shumway(2001)⎒暨

天⮯ Logit 㧉✳䘬⌉㕡䴙妰慷昌ẍ℔⎠⸛⛯⸜㔠炻⯙⎗ẍ役Ụ⼿⇘ Hazard rate 㧉

✳䘬䴙妰慷ˤ

䫔ᶱ䪈 䞼䨞㕡㱽 䫔ᶨ䭨 㧋㛔䘬怠⍾

斄㕤㧋㛔䘬怠⍾炻ㆹᾹ怠冒 1998 ⸜⹎军 2011 ⸜⹎䘬ᶲⶪᶲ㩫㈋昌慹圵㤕⼴

390⭞℔⎠炻℞ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠ 260 ⭞炻忽䲬℔⎠ 130 ⭞炻㈋昌慹圵㤕䘬⍇⚈⛐㕤炻

ㆹᾹ㇨ἧ䓐䘬㧉✳䘮冯屈⁝屯䓊䳸㥳⼰⣏䘬斄Ὢ炻ᶵ忶慹圵㤕䘬屯䓊屈⁝䳸㥳冯

℞Ṿ䓊㤕㇒䃞ᶵ⎴炻侴ᶼ℞䘤⯽䘬⓮㤕㧉⺷㚜㗗ᶵ⎴炻㇨ẍ慹圵㤕᷎ᶵ怑⎰⛐ㆹ

Ᾱ㧉✳ᷕ忚埴↮㜸炻㓭ㆹᾹ⮯慹圵㤕⽆ㆹᾹ㧋㛔普⎰ᷕ⇼昌炻ㆹᾹ䘬䳸婾ḇ㗗憅

⮵朆慹圵㤕℔⎠䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎ḳẞˤ

ㆹᾹ䘬䚖㧁⛐㍊妶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏⮵䚖⇵䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳㗗⏎㚱柵⢾䘬届

䌣䦳⹎炻柵⢾㛒塓妋慳䘬屯妲炻ㆹᾹ⮯ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠冯䚖⇵㚨Ἓ㧉✳ᷕ℞Ṿ嬲

㔠㓦⛐ᶨ崟炻Ἦ㍏⇞℞Ṿ嬲㔠⮵ᾉ䓐桐晒㧉✳䘬⼙枧炻⍣奨⮇℞⮵䳸㝄䘬䚠⮵届

䌣⿏冯Ὢ㔠栗叿⿏炻劍㗗䘤䎦䚠⮵℞Ṿ冒嬲㔠栗叿炻ẋ堐叿ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠㗗朆

ⷠ慵天䘬炻℞⏓㚱斄挝ᶼ㛒塓䚖⇵㧉✳妋慳䘬屯妲烊䚠⍵⛘炻劍㗗䘤䎦䚠⮵℞Ṿ

冒嬲㔠ᶵ栗叿炻⇯ẋ堐⛐㍏⇞Ḯ℞Ṿ嬲㔠⼴炻ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠ᶵ傥柵⢾妋慳ᾉ䓐

桐晒烊劍㗗天㍏⇞℞Ṿ㡅ẞᶵ嬲ᶳ炻ㆹᾹ⽭枰㊹怠㝸ᶨ⸜ἄ䁢ㆹᾹ䘬奨⮇溆炻ㆹ

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Ᾱ㊹怠 2012 ⸜ 5 㚰炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ暨天 2012 ⸜ 5 㚰ẍ⇵䘬㇨㚱⎗奨⮇䘬屯㕁炻≈ℍ

ㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳炻⍣㍊妶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏䘬䚠⮵⼙枧炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻ㆹᾹ⎒㍊妶䘤䓇䫔

ᶨ㫉屉⊁⌙㨇⇵䘬℔⎠炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ䚖㧁⛐㕤枸嬎炻ḇ⯙㗗⛐娚℔⎠㛒䘤䓇屉⊁⌙

㨇㗪炻⎗ẍ䓐娚℔⎠䎦㚱䘬屯㕁Ἦ枸㷔㛒Ἦᶨ⸜䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇䘬㨇䌯炻㇨㍉䓐䘬

㧉✳ḇ㗗桐晒枸嬎㧉✳炻䔞䃞炻䔞℔⎠䘤䓇䫔ᶨ㫉屉⊁⌙㨇⼴炻㬌℔⎠⯙⶚䴻ᶵ

⛐ㆹᾹ䘬妶婾䭬⚵ℏ炻ㆹᾹ⯙㈲娚℔⎠䘤䓇忽䲬ḳẞ⼴䘬屯㕁⽆ㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰

⇒昌ˤ

椾⃰炻⛐忁怲ㆹᾹ暨天⭂佑 T ⸜⸜⹎屯㕁䘬シ⿅炻⚈䁢㭷⸜屉⊁⟙堐䘬㗪䦳

䘮䁢 4 㚰⸽ⶎ⎛᷎朆⸜⸽炻㓭ㆹᾹ㊹怠 5/1 䁢ㆹᾹ䘬➢㸾溆炻Ἦ㍊妶㬌䞼䨞ᷣ柴炻

℞婒㖶⎗ẍ⽆ᶳ⚾(⚾ᶨ)㇨䣢炻ᶨ攳⥳㚫⃰忯⇘ T ⸜ᶨ㚰ᶨ㖍炻ᶵ忶㬌㗪 T-1 ⸜

⹎䘬屉⊁⟙堐ṵ㛒℔攳炻䚜⇘ T ⸜⹎Ḽ㚰ᶨ㖍ㇵ℔攳炻℔攳ᷳ⼴ㆹᾹ⌛⎗厫⍾

T-1⸜⹎䘬屉⊁⟙堐屯㕁≈ᶲ T ⸜Ḽ㚰ᶨ㖍䘬ⶪ⟜屯妲炻㬌㗪䘬屯妲䁢ㆹᾹ⛐ T

⸜Ḽ㚰ᶨ㖍㇨⼿⇘䘬娚℔⎠ T-1 ⸜⹎ᷕ㚨⬴㔜屯妲炻⇑䓐忁ṃ屯妲≈ℍㆹᾹ䘬㧉

✳炻Ἦ枸㷔 T ⸜⹎屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘬䘤䓇㨇䌯烊冱ἳἮ婒炻2011 ⸜⹎屯㕁䁢 2011/5/1

军 2012/4/30 䘬屯㕁炻㚫妰屯妲嬲㔠䁢厫⍾冒 2011 ⸜䘬⸜⟙㚫妰屯妲炻ⶪ⟜屯

妲嬲㔠䁢厫⍾冒 2012 ⸜Ḽ㚰䫔ᶨṌ㖻㖍䘬屯妲炻忁ṃ屯妲⌛ 2011 ⸜⹎䘬屯㕁䓐

Ἦ枸㷔 2012 ⸜⹎䘬䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ㨇䌯炻劍㗗 2012 ⸜⹎(2012/5/1 军

2013/4/30)䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇(屉⊁⌙㨇⭂佑⛐䫔Ḵ䭨㚱婒㖶)炻⇯ㅱ嬲㔠姕䁢 1炻ㆹᾹ

⇑䓐忁㧋䘬夷⇯Ἦ⺢䩳ㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰ˤ

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䔞ㆹᾹ㊹怠⤥天⽆㝸ᶨ⸜⼨⇵奨⮇⼴炻ㆹᾹ㍍ᶳἮ天㈱㑯ㆹᾹ娚䓐ℐ悐ᶲⶪ

ᶲ㩫㧋㛔烎怬㗗娚ἧ䓐惵⮵㧋㛔烎㛔䞼䨞䘬゛㱽䁢炻ᶲⶪᶲ㩫℔⎠䧖栆朆ⷠ⣂⃫炻

忽䲬℔⎠䚠⮵朆ⷠ⮹㔠炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ䘬 㱽㗗⃰㈲ 130 ⭞忽䲬䘬℔⎠ℐ悐≈ℍㆹᾹ

䘬㧉✳ᷕ炻ℵ憅⮵㭷ᶨᾳ忽䲬℔⎠㊹怠↢䚠Ụ⿏岒䘬㬋ⷠ℔⎠ℑ⭞炻忁㧋ㆹᾹ䘬

㧋㛔㔠⯙㚱 390 ⭞℔⎠炻㍉䓐㬌㕡㱽䘬⍇⚈䁢⚈䁢忽䲬℔⎠㭼ἳ朆ⷠỶ炻㍉䓐惵

⮵㧋㛔ᶵ⣙䁢ᶨᾳ⤥䘬䫾䔍烊ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻ㆹᾹ⮯⛐䨑‍⿏㩊⭂ᷕ㍊妶ℐ悐℔

⎠䘬㟰ἳ炻℞⍇⚈⛐㕤ㆹᾹ晾㗗㊹怠⿏岒䚠役䘬℔⎠炻Ữ⿏岒䚠役⭂佑ṵ⣂⃫炻

䁢Ḯᾅ⬰崟夳炻ㆹᾹṵ枰⍫侫㇨㚱℔⎠䘬㟰ἳ炻ẍ旚㬊䈡⭂㊹怠㇨忈ㆸ䘬婌ⶖ炻

㓭ㆹᾹ怠冒 1998 ⸜⹎军 2011 ⸜⹎䘬ᶲⶪᶲ㩫㈋昌慹圵㤕⼴ 11,317 ⭞℔⎠炻℞

ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠ 11,187 ⭞炻忽䲬℔⎠ 130 ⭞ˤ

䫔Ḵ䭨 屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘬⭂佑

⮵㕤屉⊁⌙㨇䘬⭂佑朆ⷠ⣂⃫炻侴忁怲ㆹᾹ⭂佑䘬屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ⇯㗗厫⍾

TEJᷕ℔⎠⌙㨇⣏ḳ䲨䘬ḳẞ炻TEJ ᷕ℔⎠⌙㨇⣏ḳ䲨䘬ḳẞ℞ℏ⭡⺋㲃炻䷥ℙ⊭

⏓Ḯᶱ⋩Ḽ䧖栆✳䘬ḳẞ炻ᶵ忶忁ᶱ⋩Ḽẞḳẞ䔞ᷕ炻ㆹᾹ⎒㊹怠℞ᷕ⋩ᶨẞḳ

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ẞ炻忁⋩ᶨẞḳẞㆹᾹ㬠栆䁢屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ炻ḇ⯙㗗ㆹᾹ㛔䭯䞼䨞天㍊妶䘬䚖㧁

⮵尉烊军㕤℞Ṿ䘬Ḵ⋩⚃ẞḳẞ炻⇯㗗㬠栆⛐朆屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ炻℞ᷕ⊭⏓Ḯ忽㱽

ḳẞˣ䲻⚘-朆屉⌙ˣᷣ䭉㨇斄㆚ㆺˣ⊆屯斄Ὢⶖˣ⡆屯徨墄ẞˣ㑌扟冰㩫ˣℏ

䶂Ṍ㖻ˣ姜姇㟰ẞˣ屯妲℔⏲ˣ䑘ᾅ冯⬱ℐˣ⢾Ṣ忽䲬ˣ吋䚋嶛䤐ˣ两临䴻䆇䔹

ㄖˣ吋攟嶛䤐ˣ嫈⁛⌙㨇ˣ戨埴䵲䷖ˣ偉₡㙜嵴ˣℏ㍏ᶵ䔞ˣREL 屉⌙(ἳ⤪嶛

䤐ḳẞ䫱)ˣ斄ὪṢ屉⌙ˣ㘗㯋ᶵἛ ⶍˣ℞Ṿˣ₡ῤ㷃㎵冯㑌扟℔攳䫱ḳẞ炻

⎗ẍ⽆忁ṃḳẞ䚳↢晾䃞忁ṃḳẞ⮵℔⎠⼙枧⼰⣏炻Ữ忈ㆸ忁ṃḳẞ⍇⚈朆ⷠ⣂炻

冯⮎晃䴻䆇ᶲ䘬屉⊁⌙㨇斄Ὢᶵ⣏炻℞ᷕ㭼庫㚱䇕嬘䘬䁢炻吋䚋嶛䤐ˣ两临䴻䆇

䔹ㄖˣ吋攟嶛䤐ˣ戨埴䵲䷖ˣ偉₡㙜嵴ˣREL 屉⌙(ἳ⤪嶛䤐ḳẞ䫱)ˣ斄ὪṢ屉

⌙冯㘗㯋ᶵἛ ⶍ炻晾䃞忁ṃḳẞṵ㚱⎗傥屉⊁⌙㨇忈ㆸ炻ᶵ忶ḇ⎗傥㗗℞Ṿḳ

ẞ忈ㆸ炻㇨ẍ⛐⶚䞍䘤䓇忁ṃḳẞᶳ炻ㆹᾹᶵ傥ᾅ嫱ᶨ⭂㗗⚈䁢屉⊁⌙㨇忈ㆸ炻

⸠忳⛘㗗炻TEJ ㋽㋱⇘℔⎠Ὰ攱冯ᶳⶪ⇵䘬屯妲侴ᶼ䔞ㆹᾹ⭂佑䘬屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ

䘤䓇㗪炻⸦᷶⼰檀㨇䌯㗗⚈䁢屉⊁⌙㨇忈ㆸ炻侴ᶼ䔞忁ṃḳね䘤䓇㗪炻ḇシ媪℔

⎠朊冐♜慵䘬屉⊁⌙㨇炻㇨ẍ劍䛇䘬⚈䁢♜慵䘬屉⊁⌙㨇忈ㆸ炻⽭䃞㚫䘤䓇ㆹᾹ

⭂佑䘬⋩ᶨẞḳẞᶲ炻忁ᶨἄ㱽ḇ⎗ẍ性⃵㌱ᶵ⽭天䘬⸚㒦炻侴忁ṃḳẞ⯙㗗ㆹ

Ᾱ姕⭂䘬攨㩣炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ叿慵⛐ㆹᾹ⭂佑䘬⋩ᶨẞḳẞᶲ炻侴忁ṃℐ悐䘬屯妲䘮

⛐ᶳ堐(堐ᶨ)㇨䣢ˤ

堐ᶨˣTEJ ℔⎠⣏ḳ䲨

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屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ

C:嶛䤐㒈⃴ D:Ὰ攱䟜䓊 F:㌷䨢㋒䓐

G:䲻⚘-屉⌙ H:慵㔜 I:㍍䭉

J:㙓 Ṍ㖻 N:ℐ柵ᶳⶪ(朆⚈㶐ῤỶ㕤 5 塓ㇻℍℐ柵Ṍ√偉)

O:⣏嘏ˣ㶐ῤỶ㕤 5 S:屉⊁⎫䵲 ⶍ Z:㶐ῤ䁢屈

朆屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ

0 忽㱽ḳẞ 1 䲻⚘-朆屉⌙ 2 ᷣ䭉㨇斄㆚ㆺ

3 ⊆屯斄Ὢⶖ 4 ⡆屯徨墄ẞ 5 㑌扟冰㩫

6 ℏ䶂Ṍ㖻 7 姜姇㟰ẞ 8 屯妲℔⏲

9 䑘ᾅ冯⬱ℐ A ⢾Ṣ忽䲬 B 吋䚋嶛䤐

E 两临䴻䆇䔹ㄖ K 吋攟嶛䤐 L 嫈⁛⌙㨇

M 戨埴䵲䷖ P 偉₡㙜嵴 Q ℏ㍏ᶵ䔞

R REL 屉⌙ R 斄ὪṢ屉⌙ T 㘗㯋ᶵἛ ⶍ

U ℞Ṿ V ₡ῤ㷃㎵ W 㑌扟℔攳

⽆堐ᷕ⎗ẍ䚳⇘嶛䤐㒈⃴ˣᾺ攱䟜䓊ˣ㌷䨢㋒䓐ˣ䲻⚘-屉⌙ˣ慵㔜ˣ㍍䭉ˣ

㙓 Ṍ㖻ˣℐ柵ᶳⶪ(朆⚈㶐ῤỶ㕤 5 塓ㇻℍℐ柵Ṍ√偉)ˣ⣏嘏ˣ㶐ῤỶ㕤 5ˣ

屉⊁⎫䵲 ⶍ冯㶐ῤ䁢屈忁ṃ䘮㗗ㆹᾹ㇨⭂佑屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻ㆹ

Ᾱ㗗㍉䓐倗普䘬㕡⺷炻ḇ⯙㗗婒劍㝸ᶨ⭞℔⎠㝸⸜ᶨ㖎䘤䓇忁⋩ᶨẞḳẞᷕ䘬℞

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ᷕᶨ枭炻ㆹᾹ⯙⭂佑㬌℔⎠⛐忁ᶨ⸜䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇炻䃞⼴䔞㬌℔⎠ᶨ㖎䲵ℍ屉⊁

⌙㨇℔⎠⼴炻ᶳᶨ⸜⹎ẍ⼴䘬屯㕁⯙ᶵℵ≈ℍㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳ᷕ炻℞⍇⚈⛐㕤ㆹᾹ㗗

憅⮵枸嬎㧉✳炻ḇ⯙㗗憅⮵䫔ᶨ㫉䘤䓇♜慵䘬屉⊁⌙㨇炻㓭ᶵ暨天侫ㄖᷳ⼴䘬屯

㕁ˤ

䫔ᶱ䭨 嬲㔠䘬怠⍾

忁怲ㆹᾹ⮯㍊妶冒嬲㔠冯ㅱ嬲㔠䘬怠㑯炻ㆹᾹ嬲㔠Ἦ㸸䁢㔯䌣㍊妶ℏ⭡ᷕ䘬

㚫妰嬲㔠冯ⶪ⟜嬲㔠炻ㆹᾹ㇨厫⍾䘬嬲㔠䁢⏓㚱㚫妰屯妲䘬冒嬲㔠㚱ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯ˣᾅ䔁䙰检䌯ˣ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯ˣ屈⁝㭼䌯冯䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯烊⏓㚱ⶪ⟜屯妲䘬

冒嬲㔠䁢忽䲬嶅暊 DDˣ䚠⮵夷㧉ˣ崭柵⟙愔䌯ˣ偉₡⟙愔䌯㧁㸾ⶖ冯ㆸ䩳⸜ấ炻

䃞⼴ㆹᾹ䘬㳩≽⿏冒嬲㔠ᷣ天↮䁢ℑ䳬炻䫔ᶨ䳬䁢冒妪䘬朆㳩≽⿏嬲㔠冯冒妪䘬

朆㳩≽⿏嬲㔠ㆸ攟䌯ˣ䫔Ḵ䳬䁢⸜ㆸṌ慷冯⸜ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯炻ẍᶳㆹᾹ㚫ᶨᶨ⯙

嬲㔠Ἦ㍊妶ˤ

ㅱ嬲㔠㕡朊炻䁢ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬屉⊁⌙㨇ね㱩炻劍㗗ᶳᶨ⸜⹎℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇

⇯ㅱ嬲㔠姕䁢ᶨ烊䚠⍵⛘炻ㅱ嬲㔠姕䁢暞ˤ

⏓㚱㚫妰屯妲䘬冒嬲㔠㕡朊炻ㆹᾹ㍉䓐㛶㽌よ(2002)ᷕ㇨ἧ䓐䘬嬲㔠炻℞⍇

⚈⛐㕤㛶㽌よ(2002)䞼䨞⮵⁷䁢⎘䀋冯ㆹᾹ䘬⮵尉ᶨ农炻侴ᶼ℞嬲㔠ḇ䌚⼿䴙妰

ᶲ䘬栗叿炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ⎗ẍ䚜㍍㍉䓐㛶㽌よ(2002)㇨ἧ䓐䘬㚫妰嬲㔠炻ㆹᾹ䘬㚫妰

嬲㔠ℙ⊭⏓ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯(怬⍇ℐ⸜䆇㓞 /⸛⛯(ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦⍲䤐㒂 +ㅱ㓞䤐㒂層

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䎦))ˣᾅ䔁䙰检䌯(㛒↮惵䙰检/屯䓊䷥柵)ˣ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯((屯䓊䷥柵 -⍣⸜⎴㛇屯

䓊䷥柵 /(⍣⸜⎴㛇屯䓊䷥柵) *100%)ˣ屈⁝㭼䌯(屈⁝䷥柵 /屯䓊䷥柵 *100(%))

冯䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯(Ἦ冒䆇忳ᷳ䎦慹㳩慷 /㳩≽屈⁝ *100)ˤ

⏓㚱ⶪ⟜屯妲䘬冒嬲㔠㕡朊炻⊭⏓Ḯ䓙 Merton(1974)怠㑯㪲㧉✳㍐⮶↢䘬忽

䲬嶅暊 DD 冯 Shumway(2001)ᶱᾳⶪ⟜嬲㔠炻℞ᷕ⊭⏓䚠⮵夷㧉(LOG 娚℔⎠ⶪῤ

(䘦叔⃫)-LOG ㇨㚱℔⎠䷥ⶪῤ(䘦叔⃫))ˣ崭柵⟙愔䌯(ᾳ偉⸜⟙愔䌯-⣏䚌⸜⟙愔

䌯)冯偉₡⟙愔䌯㧁㸾ⶖ(忶⍣ᶨ⸜)炻⎎⢾ㆹᾹ≈ℍ㕘嬲㔠ㆸ䩳⸜ấ炻㚫≈ℍㆸ䩳

⸜ấᷣ天㗗⚈䁢炻㭼崟伶⚳炻⎘䀋㗗ᶨᾳ䓊㤕⚰䚠⮵㭼庫⮷䘬⚳⭞侴ᶼḇ⼰ὅ月

Ṣ傰⼙枧炻䔞ㆸ䩳⸜ấ⣈ᷭ炻㬌℔⎠䘬忂嶗ˣṢ傰冯慹㸸悥㻠㻠䨑⭂炻冒䃞ḇ㭼

庫ᶵ⭡㖻䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒炻㇨ẍ⎘䀋℔⎠䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒⮯冯ㆸ䩳⸜ấ㚱ṃ姙斄Ὢ炻㓭

ㆹᾹ⮯㬌侫ㄖ忚ㆹᾹ䘬㚨Ἓ㧉✳ᷕ炻ᷳ⼴ḇ䘤䎦℞Ὢ㔠栗叿ˤ

ㆹᾹ㚱冰嵋䘬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠↮䁢ℑ䳬炻䫔ᶨ䳬䁢ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁炻℞㊯㧁䁢

|LOG(䔞㖍偉₡)-LOG(ᶲᶨṌ㖻㖍偉₡)|/ㆸṌ慷(⋫偉)炻↮⫸䁢䳽⮵⟙愔䌯炻↮㭵

䁢ㆸṌ慷炻䴎⭂䳽⮵⟙愔䌯炻ㆸṌ慷グ⣏炻℞㔠ῤグ⮷炻⇯ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏グ檀炻䚜

奢⛘炻䔞ㆸṌ慷グ⣏炻ẋ堐叿ⶪ⟜ᶲṌ㖻㬌㚱₡嫱⇠䘬㔠慷グ⣂炻⇯㈽屯Ṣ廱ㇳ

㬌㚱₡嫱⇠グ⭡㖻炻㓭℞ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏グ⣏烊⎎⢾炻䴎⭂ㆸṌ慷ᶳ炻䳽⮵⟙愔䌯グ

⣏炻ẋ堐℞ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏崲⮷炻冱ἳἮ婒炻`゛㚱ℑᾳṌ㖻㖍炻ℑᾳṌ㖻㖍ㆸṌ慷

䘮䁢 1炻⍇㛔偉₡ 100 ⃫炻㚱ᶨṌ㖻㖍天 101 ⃫⌛⎗屟⇘炻⎎⢾ᶨᾳ⌣天 107 ⃫

ㇵ⎗ẍ屟⇘炻栗䃞⛘炻偉₡䁢 107 ⃫䘬Ṍ㖻㖍℞㚱₡嫱⇠䘬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏庫Ỷ炻⎎

(23)

⢾ᶨᾳ⇯㗗ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ攟䌯炻ḇ⯙㗗Ṳ⸜⹎ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁昌ᶲᶲᶨ⸜⹎ᶵ㳩

≽⿏㊯㧁烊⎎⢾ᶨ䳬䁢⺋䁢Ṣ䞍䘬ㆸṌ慷炻ḇ⯙㗗忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷炻⛐屉⊁

柀➇ᷕ炻ㆸṌ慷㗪ⷠ塓㊧Ἦ堉慷ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏炻䔞ㆸṌ慷グ⣏炻ẋ堐侭ⶪ⟜ᶲṌ㖻

㬌㚱₡嫱⇠䘬㔠慷グ⣂炻⇯㈽屯Ṣ廱ㇳ㬌㚱₡嫱⇠グ⭡㖻炻㓭ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏グ⣏炻

⎎⢾ᶨᾳ嬲㔠⇯㗗ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯(Ṳ⸜⹎䘬ㆸṌ慷/ᶲᶨ⸜⹎䘬ㆸṌ慷)炻`姕屯㕁

䁢 2008 ⸜⹎䘬炻ḇ⯙㗗 2008/5/1 军 2009/4/30 忁ᶨ⸜Ἦ䘬⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷昌 2007/5/1

军 2008/4/30 忁ᶨ⸜Ἦ䘬⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷ˤ

侴忁ṃㆹᾹ吸普⇘䘬嬲㔠㇨⼊ㆸ䘬普⎰炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ㊹怠䘬㧋㛔㔠ṵᶵ⣂炻㇨

ẍㆹᾹ㍉䓐 winsorized ⇵⼴⎬ 1%炻⇑䓐㬌㕡㱽Ἦ㴰昌㤝䪗ῤ⮵ㆹᾹ㧋㛔普⎰䘬

⼙枧ˤ

䫔⚃䭨 㧉✳䘬怠⍾

ᶨ攳⥳炻ㆹᾹ憅⮵惵⮵㧋㛔㇨怠䘬㧉✳䁢 Logit 㧉✳ˣ⛐䨑‍⹎㷔娎ᷕ炻ㆹ

Ᾱ怠㑯⼿㧉✳䁢 Hazard rate 㧉✳炻ᶵ忶ㆹᾹ㇨怠⍾䘬嬲㔠䘮㗗ᶲ徘㍸⇘䘬恋ṃ

㚫妰嬲㔠冯ⶪ⟜嬲㔠ˤ⛐惵⮵㧋㛔䘬䞼䨞ᶲ炻⚈䁢⸛⛯ᶨ⭞℔⎠⎒㓦ℍ㧉✳ᶨ㫉炻

忁㗪῁ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ䚜㍍㍊妶嬲㔠䘬栗叿⿏炻⌛ㆹᾹ䚜㍍㍉䓐 Logit 㧉✳⌛⎗烊⛐䨑

‍⹎㷔娎ᷕ炻䓙㕤㭷ᶨ⭞℔⎠䘮㚫↢䎦劍⸚㫉炻㇨ẍㆹᾹᶵ傥䚜㍍⮵℞⌉㕡䴙妰

慷 妋慳炻侴㗗暨天 ᶨṃ廱㎃炻⸠忳⛘炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⇑ Shumway(2001)䘬㕡⺷⮵

⌉㕡䴙妰慷 䯉╖䘬婧㔜炻⮯㭷ᶨᾳ嬲㔠䘬⌉㕡䴙妰慷昌ᶲ㇨㚱℔⎠⸛⛯⸜ấ⌛

(24)

⎗⼿⇘役Ụ䘬䴙妰慷炻⌛⼿⇘ Hazard rate 㧉✳䘬䴙妰慷ˤ

ㆹᾹ䘬䚖㧁㗗䴎⭂㚨⤥䘬㧉✳ᶳ炻⍣㍊妶㚱冰嵋嬲㔠冯屉⊁⌙㨇䘬䚠斄⿏炻

劍℞斄Ὢ䈡⇍炻⇯ㆹᾹ两临㍊妶℞Ṿ㧉✳炻侴ㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳㝞㥳⤪⺷(5)㇨䣢ˤ

†‡ˆƒ—Ž– ൌ Ƚ ൅ ߚכ ܣܿ݋ݑ݊ݐ݅݊݃ ൅ ߚכ ܯܽݎ݇݁ݐ ൅ ߚכ ܮ݅ݍݑ݅݀݅ݐݕ ൅ ߚכ

ܥ݋݊ݐݎ݋݈Ǥ Ǥ ሺͷሻ..

default䁢ᶳᶨ⸜⹎忽䲬䌯炻Ƚ䁢㇒嶅枭炻ߚ䁢㚫妰嬲㔠䘬Ὢ㔠炻ܣܿ݋ݑ݊ݐ݅݊݃䁢

㍉䓐㛶㽌よ(2002)䘬㚫妰嬲㔠炻ߚ䁢ⶪ⟜嬲㔠䘬Ὢ㔠炻ܯܽݎ݇݁ݐ䁢ㆹᾹᶲ徘㍸⇘䘬

ⶪ⟜嬲㔠炻ߚ䁢㳩≽⿏嬲㔠䘬Ὢ㔠炻ܮ݅ݍݑ݅݀݅ݐݕ䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬㇨天㍊妶㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻

ߚ䁢㍏⇞嬲㔠䘬Ὢ㔠炻ܥ݋݊ݐݎ݋݈䁢㍏⇞嬲㔠ˤ

⛐ᶨ攳⥳炻ㆹᾹ㧉✳ᶨ䁢ᶵ≈ℍ㳩≽⿏嬲㔠䘬徜㬠㧉✳炻Ṏ⌛ߚ ൌ Ͳˣߚ ൌ Ͳ炻

忁怲ᷣ天㗗゛㍊妶ㆹᾹ䓐䘬➢⸽㧉✳⛐ㆹᾹ㧋㛔普⎰ᷕ䘬㓰㝄⤪ỽ炻劍㓰㝄㰺㚱

栗叿ᶵἛ炻⇯ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⛐℞㧉✳ᶳ≈ℍ㳩≽⿏嬲㔠烉㧉✳Ḵ⇯㗗≈ℍ䫔ᶨ䳬㳩≽

⿏嬲㔠炻Ṏ⌛朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁冯℞ㆸ攟䌯烊㧉✳ᶱ⇯㗗≈ℍ䫔Ḵ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻Ṏ

⌛ㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯炻ἧ䫔ᶨ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠冯䫔Ḵ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠↮攳䘬⍇⚈⛐㕤炻

ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ㭼庫ℑ侭䘬栗叿⿏冯⮵ㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰䘬妋慳傥≃炻䃞⼴㑯℞⃒烊㧉✳

⚃⇯㗗≈ℍ䫔ᶨ䳬冯䫔Ḵ䳬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻Ṏ⌛朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁⍲℞ㆸ攟䌯冯ㆸṌ慷

⍲℞ㆸ攟䌯炻⽆㧉✳Ḵ冯㧉✳ᶱᷕ㈦↢㚨Ἓ㧉✳⼴炻⛐冯㧉✳⚃ἄ㭼庫炻⎗ẍ䡢

娵㗗⏎ℑ䳬㳩≽⿏ᶨ崟㓦ℍ庫Ἓ炻ㆾ侭㗗㑯℞⃒侭庫Ἓ烊㧉✳Ḽ⇯㗗䔞ㆹᾹ䡢⭂

天ἧ䓐㧉✳ᶱ炻⌛侫ㄖㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯䁢ㆹᾹ䘬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻ᶵ忶ㆹᾹ⎰䎮㆟

(25)

䔹忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷冯忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡㚱斄Ὢ炻㓭ㆹᾹ侫ㄖ㍏⇞嬲㔠炻Ṏ⌛

偉₡冯℞偉₡ㆸ攟䌯炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻偉₡ㆸ攟䌯᷎朆忶⍣ᶨ⸜䘬⟙愔䌯炻侴㗗

㝸ℑᾳ⸜⹎攻䘬⸛⛯偉₡䘬㭼ῤ炻冱ἳἮ婒炻`姕ẍ 2008/5/1 䁢➢㸾溆炻⯙㗗

↮⇍䬿↢ 2007/5/1 ⇘ 2008/4/30 䘬⸛⛯偉₡冯 2006/5/1 ⇘ 2007/4/30 䘬⸛⛯偉

₡炻䃞⼴䬿↢ℑ侭䘬㭼ῤ炻忁冯 2006/5/1 䘬偉₡冯 2008/4/30 䘬偉₡㇨䬿↢䘬

㭼ῤ炻ḇ⯙㗗ㆹᾹ㇨䧙䘬ℑ⸜⟙愔䌯炻㗗ᶵᶨ㧋䘬烊㚨⼴ᶨᾳ㷔娎⇯㗗䨑‍⿏㷔

娎炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ晾䃞㊹怠⿏岒䚠役䘬℔⎠炻Ữ㗗ṵ㚫㚱ῷⶖ炻䁢Ḯℵ⹎槿嫱ㆹᾹ䘬

婒㱽炻ㆹᾹ⮯㇨㚱℔⎠≈ℍ㧉✳ 妶婾ˤ

䫔⚃䪈 ⮎嫱䳸㝄 䫔ᶨ䭨 㔀徘䴙妰

椾⃰炻ㆹᾹ⃰Ἦ㩊槿ᶨᶳ堐Ḵ㔀徘䴙妰堐䘬ℏ⭡炻䓙㕤ㆹᾹ᷎朆㍊妶ᶨᾳ

⮵㕤㇨㚱℔⎠悥怑䓐䘬㧉✳冯䈡⿏炻侴㗗憅⮵枸嬎㓰㝄䘬㧉✳⍣ἄᶨṃ嬲㔠㍊妶炻

㇨ẍㆹᾹ⎗ẍ怑㗪䘬性攳暊佌ῤ⼙枧ˤㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰䁢ᶨᾳ㚱屉⊁⌙㨇䘬℔⎠

㏕惵ℑᾳ㬋ⷠ℔⎠㇨䳬ㆸ炻⛐㧋㛔㔠䔍⮹ね㱩ᶳ炻ㆹᾹ天性⃵ảỽ㤝䪗ῤ⼙枧炻

㇨ẍㆹᾹ⇑䓐 winsorized 㕡⺷ἄ婧㔜炻ㆹᾹ⮵㭷ᶨᾳ冒嬲㔠炻嬻㚨⣏冯㚨⮷䘬⚃

ᾳ㔠⫿↮⇍䫱㕤㚨⣏䫔⚃ᾳ㔠⫿冯㚨⮷䫔⚃ᾳ㔠⫿炻⤪㬌ᶨἮ⎗ẍ性⃵㤝䪗ῤ⼙

枧炻侴⽆堐Ḵ(⶚䴻忶 winsorized)⎗ẍ䚳↢ᶨṃ䎦尉炻冱ἳἮ婒炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜ㆸṌ

慷ㆸ攟䌯ᷕỵ㔠䁢 1炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜偉₡ㆸ攟䌯ᷕỵ㔠䁢 0.93炻ẋ堐叿攟㛇⸛⛯ᶳἮ炻

(26)

䲬㚱ᶨ⋲℔⎠ㆸṌ慷ᶲ⋯炻㚱⎎⢾ᶨ⋲℔⎠ㆸṌ慷ᶳ嵴炻㚱㭼ᶨ⋲⣂ᶨṃ䘬℔⎠

偉₡ᶳ嵴炻ᶵ忶℞ᷕỵ㔠䁢 0.93炻ṵ㗗朆ⷠ⎰䎮䘬㔠⫿炻℞Ṿ嬲㔠ᷕ䘬ᷕỵ㔠冯

⸛⛯㔠᷎㰺㚱ⶖ䔘朆ⷠ⣏炻忁シ媪ㆹᾹ㧋㛔普⎰㰺㚱⍿⇘♜慵䘬㤝䪗ῤ⼙枧炻䓙

㕤ㆹᾹ㗗㍊妶㔜橼䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳炻㇨ẍㅱ性⃵㤝䪗ῤ⼙枧炻㓭㬌㧋㛔普⎰

⎗ẍ嬻ㆹᾹἄᶨṃ䴙妰㑵ἄˤ

堐Ḵˣ惵⮵㧋㛔䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐 嬲

嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 5.98 2.71 1.08 5.37 18.40 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

9.35 16.25 1.65 5.73 147.33

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 0.07 0.13 -0.41 0.07 0.34

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

17.55 30.25 -36.93 10.72 161.56

屈⁝㭼䌯 40.41 17.10 6.71 40.75 76.64 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

36.98 61.80 -106.80 26.75 310.14

䚠⮵夷㧉 -5.93 0.60 -7.19 -5.95 -4.11 崭柵⟙愔䌯 2.37 36.63 -78.11 -0.40 130.93 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 24.39 11.90 6.00 23.00 64.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

2.03 5.13 0.01 1.00 42.34

ㆸṌ慷 2750.18 6896.40 26.09 772.91 57651.72 ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟

1.43 1.41 0.16 1.00 8.06

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

41.83 103.94 3.24 15.23 816.01

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 1.09 1.44 0.36 0.93 14.77

(27)

ἄ⬴Ḯ惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ㇨㚱℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐⼴炻ㆹᾹ㍍ᶳἮ㍊妶䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇

䘬℔⎠冯㬋ⷠ℔⎠ṾᾹ㔀徘䴙妰䘬ⶖ䔘炻⽆堐ᶱ冯堐⚃ᷕ炻⎗ẍ䘤䎦⇘㬋ⷠ℔⎠

䘬忽䲬嶅暊⸛⛯ῤ㭼庫⣏炻㬋ⷠ℔⎠䁢 6.32ˣ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䁢 5.28烊ᾅ䔁䙰

检䌯ˣ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯ˣ䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯ˣ䚠⮵夷㧉ˣ崭柵⟙愔䌯冯ㆸ䩳⸜ấˣㆸṌ

慷ㆸ攟䌯冯偉₡ㆸ攟䌯炻㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘮㭼䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠㛇⸛⛯ῤἮ䘬⣏炻ῤ⼿

ᶨ㍸䘬㗗炻䚠⮵夷㧉炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ㗗冯䔞⸜⣏䚌ⶪῤ㭼庫ℵ⍾冒䃞⮵㔠炻㇨ẍ㔠ῤ

䁢屈㔠烊屈⁝㭼䌯ˣᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ攟䌯ˣㆸṌ慷冯忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡⇯㗗䘤䓇

屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘮㭼㬋ⷠ℔⎠㛇⸛⛯ῤἮ䘬⣏炻㭼庫䈡⇍䘬㗗炻ㆸṌ慷晾䃞䘤䓇屉

⊁⌙㨇℔⎠⸛⛯ῤ庫檀炻Ữ℞ᷕỵ㔠庫Ỷ炻⎗傥塓⮹㔠ỮㆸṌ慷⌣䚠⮵⣏䘬℔⎠

㉱檀℞⸛⛯ῤ炻侴忁䳸㝄ḇ⎗ẍ⽆䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇䘬℔⎠℞ㆸṌ慷㧁㸾ⶖ庫檀䚳

↢ˤ

堐ᶱˣ惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐

嬲嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 5.28 2.63 1.08 4.70 18.40 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

7.83 14.03 1.65 5.19 147.33

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 -0.01 0.16 -0.41 0.02 0.34

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

7.58 24.67 -36.93 6.60 105.00

屈⁝㭼䌯 50.11 16.40 6.71 53.07 76.64 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

10.71 52.27 -106.80 8.30 310.14

䚠⮵夷㧉 -6.10 0.62 -7.19 -6.18 -4.20

(28)

崭柵⟙愔䌯 -7.56 31.02 -78.11 -2.33 130.93 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 22.40 11.21 6.00 20.50 52.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

3.02 7.16 0.01 1.00 42.34

ㆸṌ慷 3202.31 8162.88 26.09 697.47 57651.72 ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟

1.08 0.89 0.16 0.96 5.83

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

76.02 159.55 3.24 20.42 816.01

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 0.97 0.35 0.36 1.00 2.32

堐⚃ˣ惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐

嬲嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 6.32 2.69 1.08 5.83 18.40 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

10.11 17.22 1.78 6.59 147.33

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 0.11 0.09 -0.25 0.10 0.34

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

22.44 31.54 -29.89 12.64 161.56

屈⁝㭼䌯 35.55 15.30 6.71 35.75 70.36 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

50.11 62.09 -106.80 37.00 310.14

䚠⮵夷㧉 -5.84 0.58 -7.19 -5.91 -4.11 崭柵⟙愔䌯 7.34 38.24 -78.11 1.28 130.93 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 25.39 12.13 6.00 25.00 64.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

1.53 3.64 0.01 1.00 42.34

ㆸṌ慷 2524.12 6171.77 26.09 823.35 57651.72

(29)

ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟 䌯

1.61 1.59 0.16 1.00 8.06

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

24.73 51.65 3.24 14.15 608.64

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 1.14 1.74 0.36 0.92 14.77

ℵἄ⬴㧋㛔ᷕ⎬嬲㔠䘬⸛⛯ῤ冯㧁㸾ⶖ⼴炻㍍ᶳἮㆹᾹ暨天⮵嬲㔠ἄ䚠斄⿏

↮㜸炻晾䃞ㆹᾹ⛐ἄ枸㷔䘬㧉✳炻㇨ẍ䚠斄⿏ḳ⮎ᶲ᷎㰺㚱⤪㬌慵天炻ᶵ忶䁢Ḯ

㍸ὃ㚜⬴㔜䘬㔀徘䴙妰炻ㆹᾹ怬㗗㍸ὃ䚠斄⿏↮㜸⛐堐Ḽ炻⽆堐Ḽ⎗ẍ䘤䎦炻晾

䃞⮹㔠嬲㔠攻䘬䚠斄⿏㚱崭忶 0.3炻冱ἳἮ婒炻ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯冯 DD 䘬䚠斄⿏䁢 0.37ˣ

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯冯䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯䘬䚠斄⿏䁢 0.36ˣᾅ䔁䙰检䌯冯䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯䚠斄⿏

䁢 0.46炻忁㘿䣢䌚⇑䌯崲檀䘬℔⎠℞忽䲬嶅暊ḇ崲⣏侴ᶼ䷥屯䓊䳗䧵崲⾓ˣḇẋ

堐叿㭼庫㰺㚱䎦慹㳩≽⿏䘬⓷柴烊䚠⮵夷㧉冯ㆸṌ慷䚠斄⿏䁢 0.5炻忁䳸㝄ḇᶵ

ẌṢシ⢾炻⚈䁢䚠⮵夷㧉崲⣏炻ὅ䄏ㆹᾹ䘬⭂佑炻℞䷥ⶪῤ崲⣏炻侴ⶪῤ䁢ㆸṌ

慷Ḁᶲ偉₡炻㇨ẍ䚠⮵夷㧉冯ㆸṌ慷䚠斄⿏檀忼 0.5 ᷎ᶵẌṢシ⢾ˣᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁冯ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ攟䌯䚠斄⿏䁢 0.37炻䯉妨ᷳ炻忁ṃ䳸㝄᷎ᶵẌṢシ⢾炻ᶵ忶

᷎㰺㚱⬀⛐嬲㔠攻䘬䚠斄⿏⣏㕤 0.7炻⌛ἧ↢䎦Ḯḇᶵ慵天炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳䁢

枸㷔㧉✳炻㓭ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⛐㬌㧋㛔普⎰ᷕ炻⇑䓐㬌㧉✳Ἦ忚埴↮㜸ˤ

堐Ḽˣ惵⮵㧋㛔䘬䚠斄⿏↮㜸堐

(*:䚠斄⿏⛐ 0.1-0.3;**:䚠斄⿏ṳ㕤 0.3 -0.7 ᷳ攻;***: 䚠斄⿏⛐ 0.7 -1;)

(30)

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡ ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯 ㆸṌ慷 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ攟䌯 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁 偉₡㲊≽⹎ ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 崭柵⟙愔䌯 䚠⮵夷㧉 䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯 屈⁝㭼䌯 ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯 ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯 DD

-0.05 -0.08 -0.04 -0.18 -0.07 0.12* -0.48 0.05 0.03 -0.18 0.18* -0.18 0.01 0.37** 0.01 1.00*** DD

-0.03 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.08 -0.04 -0.04 0.1* 0.02 0 -0.02 0.06 1.00*** ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯

-0.11 -0.16 0.11* -0.06 -0.27 -0.14 -0.45 -0.13 0.09 0.24* 0.46** -0.42 0.36** 1.00*** ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯

-0.08 0.01 0.12* 0.02 -0.2 -0.11 -0.07 -0.32 0.11* 0.2* 0.02 -0.01 1.00*** ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯

-0.04 0.12* -0.02 0.06 0.18* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* -0.05 0 -0.49 1.00*** 屈⁝㭼䌯

0.01 -0.07 0 0.05 -0.07 -0.05 -0.15 -0.1 0.03 0.13* 1.00*** 䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯

-0.07 0.04 -0.13 0.5** -0.16 -0.26 -0.03 0.12* 0.16* 1.00*** 䚠⮵夷㧉

(31)

0.01 -0.07 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 1.00*** 崭柵⟙愔䌯

0.06 -0.19 -0.15 0 0.02 -0.01 -0.18 1.00*** ㆸ䩳⸜ấ

0.14* 0.19* -0.08 0.15* 0.13* 0.05 1.00*** 偉₡㲊≽⹎

0.07 0.02 -0.02 -0.1 0.37** 1.00*** ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁

0 0 -0.05 -0.05 1.00*** ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ攟䌯

-0.02 0.12* 0.01 1.00*** ㆸṌ慷

-0.04 -0.05 1.00*** ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯

(32)

0.18* 1.00*** 忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡

1.00*** 偉₡ㆸ攟䌯

䫔Ḵ䭨 㳩≽⿏嬲㔠㭼庫

㍍ᶳἮ炻ㆹᾹ天㩊槿ᶨᶳ䚖⇵㚨Ἓ䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳⛐ㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰ᷕ

䘬ㆸ㓰⤪ỽ炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ奨⮇堐ℕᷕ㧉✳ᶨ䘬䳸㝄炻⎗ẍ䚳⇘冯屉⊁⌙㨇䘤䓇㨇䌯

屈䚠斄䘬㚱忽䲬嶅暊ˣㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯ˣᾅ䔁䙰检䌯ˣ䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯ˣ崭柵⟙愔

䌯冯ㆸ䩳⸜ấ炻忁ṃᶵ㗗嶇㚫妰㳩≽⿏㚱䚠斄⯙㗗嶇䌚⇑㚱䚠斄炻ḇ䚠䔞䫎⎰䚜

奢烊冯屉⊁⌙㨇䘤䓇㨇䌯㬋䚠斄䘬㚱屈⁝㭼䌯冯偉₡㲊≽⹎炻忁ℑᾳ嬲㔠ḇ䚠䔞

䫎⎰䚜奢炻屈⁝㭼䌯崲檀䔞䃞崲⭡㖻䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇炻偉₡㲊≽⿏崲檀⇯㗗⍵ㅱḮ

娚℔⎠䘬䌚⇑⎗傥ᶵ䨑⭂炻⚈䁢℔⎠䌚⇑傥≃冯偉₡⏰㬋䚠斄炻㇨ẍ䔞℔⎠䌚⇑

⾥檀⾥Ỷ檀⹎ᶵ䨑⭂㗪炻娚℔⎠䘬偉₡㲊≽ḇ㚫㭼庫⣏ˤ

⛐Ὢ㔠㕡朊㬌䳸㝄堐䎦⋩↮列⤥炻晾䃞⛐栗叿⿏㕡朊㚱ṃ嬲㔠堐䎦㰺㚱⼰⤥炻

ỮㆹᾹᶨℵ⻟婧炻ㆹᾹ᷎朆㈦↢ᶨᾳᾉ䓐桐晒䘬嬲㔠⎗ẍ枸㷔㇨㚱℔⎠炻侴㗗㈦

⇘䚠⮵⤥䘬ᶨ佌嬲㔠炻憅⮵╖ᶨ嬲㔠晾䃞㚱㗪枸㷔ᶵἛ炻Ữ㔜橼枸㷔傥≃怬㗗㚱

(33)

忁シ媪㬌㧉✳⎗ẍ怑䓐㕤ㆹᾹ䘬㧋㛔普⎰炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⯙㬌㧉✳䁢➢䢶≈ℍ℞

Ṿ冒嬲㔠Ἦ㍊妶忁ṃ䳸㝄ˤ

忁怲ㆹᾹ㚱ℑ䳬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠炻䫔ᶨ䳬䁢ㆹᾹ冒妪䘬朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁炻℞㊯

㧁䁢|LOG(䔞㖍偉₡)-LOG(ᶲᶨṌ㖻㖍偉₡)|/ㆸṌ慷(⋫偉)炻䔞㬌㊯㧁崲檀炻ẋ堐

㳩≽⿏崲Ỷ炻冯℞ㆸ攟䌯炻℞䴙妰䳸㝄⛐堐ℕᷕ䘬㧉✳Ḵ烊䫔Ḵ䳬⇯㗗ⷠ夳䘬ⶪ

⟜㳩≽⿏㊯㧁炻㬌䁢忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯炻侴䴙妰䳸㝄⛐堐ℕᷕ䘬㧉

✳ᶱ炻╖䲼劍⯙妋慳傥≃Ἦ㭼庫忁ℑ㧉✳炻㧉✳ᶱ䘬妋慳傥≃庫㧉✳ḴἛˤ

⛐䴎⭂䚖⇵㚨Ἓ㧉✳ᶳ炻≈ℍ䫔ᶨ䳬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠⼴炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⽆堐ℕᷕ

㧉✳Ḵᷕ䚳⇘℞䳸㝄炻℞䴙妰䳸㝄⛐堐ℕᷕ䘬㧉✳Ḵ炻忁怲⎗ẍ䚳↢ R ⸛㕡䁢

35.2%炻檀㕤㧉✳ᶨ 0.02%炻侴ᶼ朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁冯℞ㆸ攟䌯朆ⷠᶵ栗叿炻忁⎗

傥シ媪䫔ᶨ䳬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠⼙枧℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘬≃慷⍿⇘℞Ṿ嬲㔠

㇨妋慳炻㇨ẍㆹᾹ㓦㡬䫔ᶨ䳬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠ˤ

⛐䴎⭂䚖⇵㚨Ἓ㧉✳ᶳ炻≈ℍ䫔Ḵ䳬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠⼴炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⽆堐ℕᷕ

㧉✳ᶱᷕ䚳⇘℞䳸㝄炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ䚳⇘ R ⸛㕡䁢 38%炻㭼崟䫔ᶨ䳬䘬㳩≽⿏嬲㔠㚜

Ἓ炻侴ᶼㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯朆ⷠ栗叿炻℞Ὢ㔠䁢屈㔠炻忁ẋ堐叿⮵⎴ᶨ⭞℔⎠侴妨炻

䔞ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯嬲⣏炻娚℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘬㨇䌯嬲⮷忁䚠䔞䫎⎰ㆹᾹ䚜奢炻

ㆹᾹ娵䁢℞⍇⚈䁢䔞℔⎠徸㻠朊冐屉⊁⌙㨇㗪炻㚫⁦⎹旵Ỷ屯妲䘬㎕曚炻冒䃞⛘炻

ㆸṌ慷ḇ⮯徸㻠䷖⮷炻侴ㆹᾹ䘬⮎嫱䳸㝄ḇ嫱⮎㬌ᶨḳ⮎ˤ䓙㕤䫔ᶨ䳬㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁栗叿⿏ᶵἛ侴ᶼ℞㔜橼妋慳傥≃㭼䫔Ḵ䳬㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ⶖ炻㓭ㆹᾹῷ⤥䫔Ḵ䳬ⶪ

(34)

⟜㳩≽⿏嬲㔠ˤ

㚨⼴炻ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯⼨⼨冯偉₡㚱⼰檀䘬䚠斄⿏炻ㆹᾹ晾䃞⎗ẍ⽆㬌㧉✳ᷕ

⼿⇘ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯冯℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ㨇䌯㚱䚠斄炻ᶵ忶劍天忚ᶨ㬍㍊妶ℑ

侭攻斄Ὢ炻⇯暨天≈ℍ⎗傥冯ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯㚱䚠斄䘬嬲㔠炻侴ᶼ娚嬲㔠ḇ㚫⼙枧

℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ㨇䌯炻℞嬲㔠ㆹᾹ怠㑯忶⍣ᶨ⸜䘬偉₡冯偉₡ㆸ攟䌯炻䃞

⼴ㆹᾹ⮯⛐ᶳᶨ䭨ᷕ ᶨṃ妶婾ˤ

堐ℕˣ惵⮵㧋㛔䘬䴙妰㧉✳

ᩂ౔կ ᩂ౔ׂ ᩂ౔յ ᩂ౔௢ ᩂ౔׈

R⸛㕡 0.3517 0.3520 0.3822 0.3824 0.4086

㇒嶅 -4.02**

(2.02)

-3.89*

(2.02)

-6.08**

(2.46)

-6.11**

(2.53)

-5.70**

(2.59) 忽䲬嶅暊 -0.01

(0.07)

-0.01 (0.07)

-0.05 (0.07)

-0.05 (0.07)

-0.05 (0.07) ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦

忙廱䌯

-0.01 (0.01)

-0.01 (0.01)

-0.01 (0.01)

-0.01 (0.01)

-0.02 (0.02) ᾅ䔁䙰检

-3.51*

(1.88)

-3.56*

(1.89)

-2.24 (1.98)

-2.30 (1.98)

-3.52 (2.21)

䷥屯䓊ㆸ 攟䌯

-0.03***

(0.01)

-0.03***

(0.01)

-0.03***

(0.01)

-0.03***

(0.01)

-0.03***

(0.01) 屈⁝㭼䌯 0.06***

(0.01)

0.06***

(0.01)

0.07***

(0.01)

0.069***

(0.01)

0.07***

(0.01) 䎦慹㳩慷

㭼䌯

-0.003 (0.003)

-0.004 (0.003)

-0.004 (0.004)

-0.004 (0.003)

-0.005 (0.004) 䚠⮵夷㧉 -0.38

(0.27)

-0.37 (0.27)

-0.88**

(0.35)

-0.88**

(0.36)

-0.88**

(0.36) 崭柵⟙愔

-0.01***

(0.004)

-0.01***

(0.004)

-0.01*

(0.004)

-0.01*

(0.00)

-0.01*

(0.004) ㆸ䩳⸜ấ

(35)

(0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) 偉₡㲊≽

83.02 (52.94)

81.50 (53.09)

61.78 (55.69)

61.16 (55.75)

47.59 (59.26) ᶵ㳩≽⿏

㊯㧁

22.3 (77.55)

-2.68 (0.00) ᶵ㳩≽⿏

㊯㧁ㆸ攟 䌯

-0.01 (0.03)

-0.01 (0.12)

ㆸṌ慷 0.00003

(0.00)ġ

0.00003 (1.68)

0.00002 (0.00)ġ ㆸṌ慷ㆸ

攟䌯

-0.54***

(0.15)

-0.54***

(13.13)

-0.50***

(0.15) 忶⍣ᶨ⸜

⸛⛯偉₡

0.01***

(0.003) 偉₡ㆸ攟

-0.39***

(0.15) (*:P-value⛐ 0.1-0.05;**: P-value ṳ㕤 0.05-0.02 ᷳ攻;***: P-value ⛐ 0.01-0.02)

䫔ᶱ䭨 偉₡⮵ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳䘬⼙枧

晾䃞ㆹᾹ䚖䘬㗗゛㍊妶䎦㚱䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳㗗⏎㛒妋慳ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏䘬

屯妲炻⽆㧉✳ᶱᷕㆹᾹ⼿䞍忶⍣ᶨ⸜ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯⎗ẍ⸓≑枸㷔ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬℔⎠

䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒ḳẞ炻ᶵ忶ㆹᾹ㚜゛䞍忻䘬㗗炻㗗⏎㗗⚈䁢ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯冯偉䤐₡

㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯檀⹎䚠斄⿏炻䃞⼴偉䤐₡㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯ㇵ㗗䛇㬋⸓≑枸㷔ᶳᶨ⸜⹎

䘬℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒ḳẞ烎⚈䁢⣏悐↮㈽屯Ṣ娵䁢ㆸṌ慷冯偉䤐₡㟤㚱㝸ṃ斄

Ὢ炻㚜㚫⇑䓐℞斄Ὢ⍣ Ṍ㖻炻ᶵ忶⮵㕤枸㷔ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒ḳẞ

ᶲ朊ṵ暨天 ᶨṃ槿嫱炻劍㗗偉䤐₡㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯ㇵ㗗䛇㬋⸓≑枸㷔ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬

℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒ḳẞ炻恋ㆹᾹ㈲偉䤐₡㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯≈ℍ㧉✳ᶱ炻⮯㚫忈ㆸ⍇

(36)

㛔栗叿䘬ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯ᶵ栗叿炻䓙㕤ㆹᾹ䁢Ḯ天䡢娵ㆹᾹ䘬゛㱽炻㓭ㆹᾹ暨天⮯

偉䤐₡㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯≈ℍ㧉✳ᶱ⼊ㆸ㧉✳Ḽ炻⍣妶婾℞䳸㝄ˤ

⽆堐ℕᷕ䘬㧉✳Ḽ⎗ẍ䘤䎦炻≈ℍ忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉䤐₡㟤冯℞ㆸ攟䌯⼴炻忶

⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯Ὢ㔠㰺㚱⣒⣏ㆸ攟䌯炻Ὢ㔠栗叿⿏悐↮炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜

⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷 P ῤ䓙 0.19 ᶲ⋯军 0.46ˣ忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯䘬 P ῤ䓙 0.0003

ᶲ⋯军 0.0008炻䃞⼴忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡冯℞ㆸ攟䌯䘮朆ⷠ栗叿炻⽆㬌⎗ẍ䚳↢炻

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡䛇䘬㚫⼙枧忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷⮵℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘬

枸㷔ˤ

䡢娵⬴⎬嬲㔠攻䘬䚠斄⿏᷎㰺㚱栗叿䚠斄⼴炻ㆹᾹḇ䘤䎦ᶨᾳ㚱嵋䘬䎦尉炻

䁢Ṩ湤偉₡檀䘬℔⎠⭡㖻忽䲬烎侴ᶼḇỜ晐叿ㆸṌ慷ῷ檀␊烎

ㆹᾹ娵䁢偉₡冯枸㛇䌚⇑㚱忋≽斄Ὢ炻䔞㈽屯Ṣ枸㛇℔⎠㛒Ἦ䌚⇑檀炻⇯㈽

屯Ṣ⮯㍐檀℔⎠偉₡炻㇨ẍ䔞㝸ᶨ℔⎠⸛㗪偉₡䚠⮵檀溆炻ẋ堐㈽屯Ṣ娵䁢℔⎠

枸㛇䌚⇑㚫檀炻Ữ⣑ᶳ㰺㚱䘥⎫䘬⋰梸炻⮵㕤℔⎠⽆ḳ㝸ᶨṃ檀桐晒䘬㈽屯㳣≽

ㆾἄᶨṃ⣏㓡朑㗪炻℔⎠⮯㚱䚠⮵檀䘬䌚⇑枸㛇炻⏠⺽姙⣂㈽屯Ṣ䇕䚠㈽屯炻ἧ

⼿ㆸṌ慷嶇偉₡暁暁㍐檀炻℔⎠⌛⮯䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇炻悥⮯㚫忈ㆸ偉₡冯ㆸṌ慷暁

暁ᶳ嵴炻侴ㆹᾹ䘬⮎嫱䳸㝄ḇ䚠䔞䫎⎰ㆹᾹ䘬枸㛇ˤ

䔞ㆹᾹ妋㰢Ḯ㧉✳Ḽᷕ䘬䚠斄⿏㷔娎ˣ栗叿嬲㔠䘬妋慳⼴炻ㆹᾹ⌛⎗⇑䓐㧉

✳Ḽ䔞ἄ䁢ㆹᾹ䘬㚨⼴㧉✳炻ḇ⯙㗗⎗ẍ≈ℍㆸṌ慷冯℞ㆸ攟䌯㏕惵㍏⇞嬲㔠偉

₡冯偉₡ㆸ攟䌯炻忁⚃ᾳ嬲㔠⮵㕤ᾉ䓐桐晒㍸ὃḮᶨṃ柵⢾䘬屯妲炻℞ᶨ䁢ⶪ⟜

(37)

㳩≽⿏⎗ẍ㚱㓰枸㷔ᶳᶨ⸜⹎䘬ᾉ䓐桐晒ˣ℞Ḵ䁢偉₡冯ㆸṌ慷ῷ檀䘬℔⎠⎗傥

⽆ḳ庫檀桐晒䘬㈽屯㳣≽ˤ

䫔Ḽ䪈 䨑‍⹎㷔娎

㛔䞼䨞䚖㧁⛐㕤゛妶婾㗗⏎䎦⬀䘬㚨Ἓᾉ䓐桐晒枸嬎㧉✳㰺㚱妋慳⇘ᶨṃ

屯妲炻⽆䫔⚃䪈䘬⮎嫱䳸㝄⎗ẍ䚳↢炻ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏䡢⮎⮵℔⎠䘤䓇屉⊁桐晒ḳẞ

枸㷔㚱ᶨ⭂䘬㓰㝄炻䓙㕤䘤䓇ᾉ䓐桐晒℔⎠冯朆䘤䓇ᾉ䓐桐晒℔⎠㭼ἳⶖ䔘䓂⣏炻

㇨ẍㆹᾹ㍉⍾惵⮵㧋㛔炻ᶨ攻忽䲬℔⎠㏕惵ℑ攻㬋ⷠ℔⎠炻᷎ᶼ㌺昌慹圵㤕ˤ忁

怲ㆹᾹ⇯㗗゛ἄ䨑‍⹎㷔娎炻ẍ性⃵ㆹᾹ⚈䁢㉥㧋侴䓊䓇♜慵䘬ῷ婌炻ῤ⼿ᶨ㍸

䘬㗗炻䓙㕤⮵㇨㚱℔⎠(㌺昌慹圵㤕)ἄᶨ㫉槿嫱炻䓙㕤㭼ἳⶖ䔘䓂⣏炻ㆹᾹ⛐㬌

ᶵ䈡⇍㍊䨞ᾳ⇍⫿嬲㔠㗗⏎栗叿炻侴㗗⛐᷶ᾳ⇍冒嬲㔠攻䘬栗叿斄Ὢ⣏⮷ⶖ䔘ˤ

斄㕤㧋㛔䘬怠⍾炻ㆹᾹ怠冒 1998 ⸜⹎军 2011 ⸜⹎䘬ᶲⶪᶲ㩫㈋昌慹圵㤕⼴

11,317⭞℔⎠炻℞ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠ 11,187 ⭞炻忽䲬℔⎠ 130 ⭞炻ㆹᾹ⮵㕤屉⊁⌙㨇

ḳẞ冯屉⊁⌙㨇⸜⹎⭂佑䘬⭂佑冯惵⮵㧋㛔䚠⎴ˤ䓙㕤ㆹᾹ忁ᶨ㫉㗗゛㍊妶㇨㚱

㧋㛔炻侴ᶼ㬌㧋㛔㔠⣈⣏炻㓭ㆹᾹᶵ⇒昌暊佌ῤ炻椾⃰炻ㆹᾹ⃰⼿⇘㔀徘䴙妰堐炻

℞䳸㝄⤪ᶳ堐(堐ᶫ)炻侴⽆堐ᶫ⎗ẍ䚳↢ᶨṃ䎦尉炻冱ἳἮ婒炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜ㆸṌ慷

ㆸ攟䌯ᷕỵ㔠䁢 1炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜偉₡ㆸ攟䌯ᷕỵ㔠䁢 1炻⎗ẍ䚳↢㚱ᶨ⋲䘬℔⎠忶

⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡ᶲ⋯炻ḇ㚱ᶨ⋲℔⎠忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷ᶲ⋯炻忁䚠䔞䫎⎰䚜奢

䘬炻℞Ṿ嬲㔠ᷕ䘬ᷕỵ㔠冯⸛⛯㔠᷎㰺㚱ⶖ䔘朆ⷠ⣏炻㓭㬌㧋㛔普⎰⎗ẍ嬻ㆹᾹ

(38)

ἄᶨṃ䴙妰㑵ἄˤ

堐ᶫˣ㔜橼㧋㛔䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐 嬲

嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 5.98 7.93 0.53 5.27 634.86 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

15.32 217.54 -0.30 5.38 18667.55

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 0.05 0.15 -3.98 0.06 0.66

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

12.26 32.95 -84.17 6.46 1377.42

屈⁝㭼䌯 41.83 16.68 1.27 42.40 98.27 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

37.25 99.29 -6034.23 23.80 3210.79

䚠⮵夷㧉 -6.01 0.64 -7.84 -6.08 -3.20 崭柵⟙愔䌯 7.18 50.65 -113.15 -0.16 2186.96 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 24.39 11.87 0.00 23.00 65.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.12 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07

ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

13.61 358.83 0.00 1.00 28533.78

ㆸṌ慷 2907.62 6582.79 0.75 890.77 128530.11 ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟

1.69 10.05 0.01 1.00 1023.63

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

33.10 198.34 0.78 14.87 14765.72

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 1.14 2.18 0.00 1.00 224.25

ἄ⬴Ḯ惵⮵㧋㛔ᷕ㇨㚱℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐⼴炻ㆹᾹ㍍ᶳἮ㍊妶䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇

䘬℔⎠冯㬋ⷠ℔⎠ṾᾹ㔀徘䴙妰䘬ⶖ䔘炻⽆堐ℓ冯堐ḅᷕ炻⎗ẍ䘤䎦⇘㬋ⷠ℔⎠

䘬忽䲬嶅暊⸛⛯ῤ㭼庫⣏炻㬋ⷠ℔⎠䁢 5.99ˣ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䁢 5.18烊ᾅ䔁䙰

(39)

检䌯ˣ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯ˣ䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯ˣ䚠⮵夷㧉ˣ崭柵⟙愔䌯ˣᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯㧁ㆸ

攟䌯冯ㆸ䩳⸜ấˣㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯冯偉₡ㆸ攟䌯炻㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘮㭼䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠

㛇⸛⛯ῤἮ䘬⣏烊屈⁝㭼䌯ˣㆸṌ慷冯忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡⇯㗗䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠

䘮㭼㬋ⷠ℔⎠㛇⸛⛯ῤἮ䘬⣏炻㭼庫䈡⇍䘬㗗炻ㆸṌ慷晾䃞䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠⸛

⛯ῤ庫檀炻䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠ㆸṌ慷⸛⛯ῤ䁢 4,055炻Ữ㬋ⷠ℔⎠ㆸṌ慷⸛⛯ῤ

⎒㚱 2,894炻ᶵ忶䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬ㆸṌ慷ᷕỵ㔠庫Ỷ炻屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬ㆸṌ

慷ᷕỵ㔠䁢 757炻㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘬ㆸṌ慷ᷕỵ㔠⌣䁢 894炻⎗傥塓⮹㔠ỮㆸṌ慷⌣䚠

⮵⣏䘬℔⎠㉱檀℞⸛⛯ῤ炻侴忁䳸㝄ḇ⎗ẍ⽆䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇䘬℔⎠℞ㆸṌ慷㧁㸾

ⶖ庫檀䚳↢ˤ

堐ℓˣ㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕ䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐 嬲

嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 5.18 2.16 1.08 4.70 18.40 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

7.92 13.88 0.20 5.39 147.33

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 -0.04 0.35 -3.66 0.02 0.37

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

6.61 25.99 -78.37 4.86 105.00

屈⁝㭼䌯 51.22 16.32 5.64 53.72 80.00 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

10.73 55.09 -162.10 8.03 317.44

䚠⮵夷㧉 -6.08 0.64 -7.29 -6.10 -4.20 崭柵⟙愔䌯 -7.00 33.88 -79.30 -2.60 174.58 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 22.99 11.79 6.00 21.00 59.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02

(40)

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

ㆸṌ慷 4055.12 11686.30 10.29 757.26 106423.46 ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟

1.09 0.89 0.10 0.96 5.83

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

108.58 306.10 1.86 22.34 2097.85

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 0.93 0.40 0.25 0.87 2.70

堐ḅˣ㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕ㬋ⷠ℔⎠䘬㔀徘䴙妰堐

嬲嬲㔠 ⸛⸛⛯ῤ 㧁㧁㸾ⶖ 㚨㚨⮷ῤ ᷕᷕỵ㔠 㚨㚨⣏ῤ 忽䲬嶅暊 5.99 7.97 0.53 5.28 634.86 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙

廱䌯

15.40 218.78 -0.30 5.38 18667.55

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 0.06 0.15 -3.98 0.06 0.66

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟 䌯

12.32 33.02 -84.17 6.47 1377.42

屈⁝㭼䌯 41.73 16.65 1.27 42.27 98.27 䎦慹㳩慷㭼

37.55 99.65 -6034.23 24.01 3210.79

䚠⮵夷㧉 -6.01 0.64 -7.84 -6.08 -3.20 崭柵⟙愔䌯 7.34 50.79 -113.15 -0.13 2186.96 ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 24.41 11.87 0.00 23.00 65.00 偉₡㲊≽⹎ 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.12 ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07

ᶵ㳩≽⿏㊯

㧁ㆸ攟䌯

13.64 360.78 0.00 1.00 28533.78

ㆸṌ慷 2894.40 6500.43 0.75 894.14 128530.11 ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟

1.69 10.11 0.01 1.00 1023.63

忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛

⛯偉₡

32.23 196.62 0.78 14.81 14765.72

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 1.14 2.20 0.00 1.00 224.25

⬴ㆸ㧋㛔ᷕ⎬嬲㔠䘬➢㛔㔀徘䴙妰堐⼴炻㍍ᶳἮㆹᾹ暨天㍊妶⎬嬲㔠䘬䚠斄

(41)

⿏炻晾䃞ㆹᾹ⛐ἄ枸㷔䘬㧉✳炻㇨ẍ䚠斄⿏ḳ⮎ᶲ᷎㰺㚱⤪㬌慵天炻ᶵ忶䁢Ḯ㍸

ὃ㚜⬴㔜䘬㔀徘䴙妰炻ㆹᾹ怬㗗㍸ὃ䚠斄⿏↮㜸⛐堐⋩炻⽆堐⋩⎗ẍ䘤䎦炻⎒㚱

ℑ䳬嬲㔠攻䘬䚠斄⿏㚱崭忶 0.3炻忁ℑ䳬䚠斄⿏↮⇍䁢ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯冯䚠⮵夷㧉䘬

䚠斄⿏䁢 0.31ˣ䚠⮵夷㧉冯ㆸṌ慷䚠斄⿏䁢 0.54炻ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯冯䚠⮵夷㧉䘬䚠斄

⿏⋩↮䫎⎰䚜奢炻䚠⮵夷㧉冯ㆸṌ慷䚠斄⿏⣏㕤 0.5 㗗䓙㕤䚠⮵夷㧉㛔幓㗗䓙䷥

ⶪῤ妰䬿炻⍰ⶪῤ䁢偉₡ḀᶲṌ㖻慷炻㇨ẍ䎮ㅱ冯ㆸṌ慷㚱檀⹎䚠斄⿏ˤ䯉妨ᷳ炻

忁ṃ䳸㝄᷎ᶵẌṢシ⢾炻ᶵ忶᷎㰺㚱⬀⛐嬲㔠攻䘬䚠斄⿏⣏㕤 0.7炻⌛ἧ↢䎦Ḯ

ḇᶵ慵天炻⚈䁢ㆹᾹ䘬㧉✳䁢枸㷔㧉✳炻㓭ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ⛐㬌㧋㛔普⎰ᷕ炻⇑䓐㬌㧉

✳Ἦ忚埴↮㜸ˤ

堐⋩ˣ㔜橼㧋㛔䘬䚠斄⿏↮㜸堐

(*:䚠斄⿏⛐ 0.1-0.3;**:䚠斄⿏ṳ㕤 0.3 -0.7 ᷳ攻;***: 䚠斄⿏⛐ 0.7 -1)

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡ ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯 ㆸṌ慷 偉₡㲊≽⹎ ㆸ䩳⸜ấ 崭柵⟙愔䌯 䚠⮵夷㧉 䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯 屈⁝㭼䌯 ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯 ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱䌯 DD

0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.14 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.07 0.00 1.00*** DD

(42)

0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 1.00*** ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯

0.03 0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.17 -0.06 0.07 0.31** 0.22

* -0.26 0.21* 1.00*** ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯

0.04 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 -0.15 0.11* 0.21* -0.02 0.08 1.00*** ䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.09 0.02 0.03 -0.29 1.00*** 屈⁝㭼䌯

0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 -0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.10* 1.00*** 䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯

0.02 0.06 -0.02 0.54** -0.07 0.09 0.15* 1.00*** * 䚠⮵夷㧉

0.08 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.08 -0.01 1.00*** 崭柵⟙愔䌯

0.00 -0.08 -0.01 0.04 -0.19 1.00*** ㆸ䩳⸜ấ

0.01 0.07 0.01 0.04 1.00*** 偉₡㲊≽⹎

(43)

0.00 0.02 0.00 1.00*** ㆸṌ慷

0.00 0.00 1.00*** ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯

0.05 1.00*** 忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡

1.00*** 偉₡ㆸ攟䌯

ℵ⬴ㆸ䚠斄⿏↮㜸⼴炻ㆹᾹ忁㫉䚜㍍Ἦἧ䓐㧉✳ᶱ冯㧉✳Ḽ炻ẍ㔜橼㧋㛔嵹 㧉✳ᶱ嵹徜㬠⼿⇘㧉✳ℕ䳸㝄炻ẍ㔜橼㧋㛔嵹㧉✳Ḽ嵹徜㬠⼿⇘㧉✳ᶫ䳸㝄炻䃞

⼴ㆹᾹℵἮ妶婾℞⛐㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕ炻㗗⏎ṵ㚱䚠Ụ䘬䎦尉䘤䓇ˤ

ㆹᾹ忁㫉㗗㍉䓐㔜橼㧋㛔炻㇨ẍ䓙 Hazard rate 㧉✳ᷕ⎗ẍ䞍忻炻ㆹᾹ暨天

⮵⌉㕡䴙妰慷昌ẍ℞㇨㚱℔⎠⸛⛯⸜⹎怬 婧㔜炻ㆹᾹ⼿䞍㇨㚱℔⎠⸛⛯⸜⹎䲬 䁢 9炻㓭⮵⌉㕡䴙妰慷昌ẍḅ⼿⇘ᶳ堐⋩ᶨˤ

⽆堐⋩ᶨᷕ⎗ẍ䘤䎦⇘≈ℍ忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯偉₡冯℞ㆸ攟䌯⼴炻忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯

ㆸṌ慷䘬栗叿⿏ᶳ旵炻℞ P ῤ䓙 0.55 ᶲ⋯军 0.57炻ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯䘬 P ῤḇ䓙 0.33 ᶲ⋯军 0.35炻忁㘿䣢叿偉₡冯℞ㆸ攟䌯䡢⮎妋慳Ḯ⮹悐↮䘬ㆸṌ慷烊ㆸṌ慷冯偉

₡䘬Ὢ㔠䁢㬋㔠炻℞ℑ侭ㆸ攟䌯䘮䁢屈㔠炻℞䳸㝄冯惵⮵㧋㛔䚠⎴炻㇨ẍㆹᾹṵ

⎗ẍ䓐偉₡冯枸㛇䌚⇑㚱忋≽斄ὪἮ妋慳℞ね⼊炻ḇ⯙㗗䔞㈽屯Ṣ枸㛇℔⎠㛒Ἦ

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䌚⇑檀炻⇯㈽屯Ṣ⮯㍐檀℔⎠偉₡炻㇨ẍ䔞㝸ᶨ℔⎠⸛㗪偉₡䚠⮵檀溆炻ẋ堐㈽

屯Ṣ娵䁢℔⎠枸㛇䌚⇑㚫檀炻Ữ䚠⮵⛘炻℔⎠⽆ḳ㝸ᶨṃ檀桐晒䘬㈽屯㳣≽ㆾἄ ᶨṃ⣏㓡朑㗪炻⮯ἧ⼿℔⎠㚜⭡㖻䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇炻悥⮯㚫忈ㆸ偉₡冯ㆸṌ慷暁暁 ᶳ嵴炻侴忁㫉䘬䨑‍⹎㷔娎䳸㝄⮯ℵ㫉䫎⎰ㆹᾹ䘬枸㛇ˤ

堐⋩ᶨˣ㔜橼㧋㛔䘬䴙妰㧉✳

ᩂ౔ߧ 3YDOXH ᩂ౔ձ 3YDOXH

R⸛㕡 0.0104 0.0107

㇒嶅 -4.63 (1.19)

0.19 -4.19 (1.26)

0.27

忽䲬嶅暊 -0.09 (0.05)

0.55 -0.08 (0.05)

0.60

ㅱ㓞ⷛ㫦忙廱 䌯

-0.01 (0.01)

0.76 -0.01 (0.01)

0.78

ᾅ䔁䙰检䌯 -1.20 (0.37)

0.28 -1.13 (0.38)

0.32

䷥屯䓊ㆸ攟䌯 -0.01 (0.00)

0.65 -0.01 (0.00)

0.67

屈⁝㭼䌯 0.04**

(0.01)

0.04 0.03**

(0.01)

0.05

䎦慹㳩慷㭼䌯 -0.0008 (0.00)

0.53 -0.0008 (0.00)

0.55

䚠⮵夷㧉 0.05 (0.17)

0.92 0.06 (0.17)

0.89

崭柵⟙愔䌯 -0.01 (0.00)

0.23 -0.01 (0.00)

0.36

ㆸ䩳⸜ấ -0.01 (0.01)

0.56 -0.01 (0.01)

0.62

偉₡㲊≽⹎ 7.18 (18.90)

0.89 3.35 (20.51)

0.96

ㆸṌ慷 0.00002 (0.00)

0.55 0.00002 (0.00)

0.57

ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯 -0.28 0.33 -0.27 0.35

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(0.09) (0.10) 忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯

偉₡

0.0003 (0.00)

0.45

偉₡ㆸ攟䌯 -0.43

(0.27)

0.60

(*:P-value⛐ 0.1-0.05;**: P-value ṳ㕤 0.05-0.02 ᷳ攻;***: P-value ⛐ 0.01-0.02)

䫔ℕ䪈 䳸婾冯⺢嬘

㛔䞼䨞ᶨ攳⥳゛㍊妶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏㗗⏎傥妋慳ᾉ䓐桐晒㧉✳炻枸㛇ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏

⯂㛒塓䚖⇵㚨⤥㧉✳㇨妋慳炻⽆䞼䨞忶䦳ᷕ䘤䎦⇘䫔ᶨ䳬䘬ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ᶵ栗叿炻

⌛|LOG(䔞㖍偉₡)-LOG(ᶲᶨṌ㖻㖍偉₡)|/ㆸṌ慷(⋫偉)䔞ἄ朆㳩≽⿏㊯㧁冯℞

ㆸ攟䌯慷ᶵ栗叿炻Ữ㗗䫔Ḵ䳬䘬忶⍣ᶨ⸜⸛⛯ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯⇯㗗℟㚱栗叿⿏炻忁

ẋ堐叿ㆸṌ慷ㆸ攟䌯⎗䁢ᾉ䓐桐晒㚱ᶨ⭂䘬枸㷔傥≃炻ㆹᾹḇ枸㛇忈ㆸ忁䳸㝄㚱

ᶱ䧖⎗傥炻䫔ᶨˣㆹᾹ枸㛇䔞℔⎠屉⊁䉨㱩㭷㱩グᶳ炻屯妲ᶵ⮵䧙⮯崲Ἦ崲♜慵炻

忁⮯ἧ⼿㈽屯Ṣ娵岤シ栀旵Ỷ炻忚侴忈ㆸⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏ᶳ㹹烉䫔Ḵˣ䔞℔⎠徸㻠デ

⍿⇘屉⊁⌙㨇ḳẞ䘤䓇㨇䌯ᶲ⋯㗪炻ḇ㚫嬻㳩忂↢⍣䘬屯妲旵Ỷ炻忁㚫ἧ⼿㈽屯

Ṣ㑩㚱䘬屯妲旵Ỷ炻㚜攻㍍⼙枧⇘ⶪ⟜ᶲ䘬㳩≽⿏烊㚨⼴ˣㆹᾹḇ枸㛇䔞℔⎠ⶪ

⟜㳩≽⿏ᶵ嵛㗪炻㈽屯Ṣ娵岤シ栀旵Ỷ炻娚℔⎠⊇屯ㆸ㛔ᶲ⋯炻忁⎗傥㚫攻㍍⼙

枧⇘℞ᾉ䓐桐晒ˤ

㛔䞼䨞⬀⛐Ḽᾳ旸⇞炻䫔ᶨᾳ旸⇞䁢ㆹᾹⶴ㛃㍊妶ⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏㗗⏎傥柵⢾妋

慳ᾉ䓐桐晒炻ᶵ忶ㆹᾹ⎒ἧ䓐Ḯℑ䳬嬲㔠䔞ἄⶪ⟜㳩≽⿏䘬㚧ẋ嬲㔠炻ᷳ⼴⬠侭

(46)

⇞炻⛐㔜橼㧋㛔ᷕㆹᾹ㍉䓐 Hazard Rate 㧉✳炻ᶵ忶㚱冰嵋⬠侭ㆾ姙⎗ẍ▿娎℟

䓐 duration 䈡⿏䘬㧉✳炻ḇ姙㚫㚱ᶵᶨ㧋䘬䳸㝄烊䫔ᶱᾳ旸⇞䁢ㆹᾹ⍿旸㕤屯㕁

䘬Ἦ㸸ㆾ仢᷷⬴┬䘬㍏⇞⮎槿姕妰炻㇨ẍ⎒傥婒㖶㚱枸㷔傥≃炻Ữᶵ傥䚜㍍嫱⮎

℞⚈㝄斄Ὢ炻侴ㆹᾹ⎒⮵ㆹᾹ䘬䳸㝄㍸↢⸦ᾳ忈ㆸ℞䳸㝄䘬⍇⚈炻忁ṃ`婒劍㚱

冰嵋䘬⬠侭炻ㆾ姙⎗ẍ叿ㇳἮ槿嫱烊䫔⚃ᾳ旸⇞䁢ㆹᾹἧ䓐惵⮵㧋㛔炻晾䃞ㆹᾹ

▿娎⮳㈦冯䘤䓇屉⊁⌙㨇℔⎠⿏岒㚨䚠役䘬ℑ⭞㬋ⷠ℔⎠惵⮵炻Ữ㇨媪䘬⿏岒㚨

䚠役炻Ữ⿏岒㚨䚠役䘬⭂佑䚖⇵ṵ㰺㚱㚨Ἓ⭂婾炻⌛ἧ⬀⛐列⤥⭂佑炻忁ṃ㇨媪

⿏岒䚠役䘬℔⎠怬㗗ᶵᶨ㧋䘬℔⎠炻忁ḇ㗗ㆹᾹ忁㫉䞼䨞䘬ᶨᾳ⼰⣏䘬旸⇞炻㛇

姙℞Ṿ⬠侭傥㍸ὃ㚜⤥䘬⭂佑炻Ἦ怑⎰⎘䀋䘬ⶪ⟜屯㕁烊䫔Ḽᾳ旸⇞䁢炻䎦Ṳ⬠

侭䘮䓐㔜橼㧋㛔Ἦ忚埴⮎嫱䞼䨞炻ỮㆹᾹ㔜橼㧋㛔䘬栗叿⿏㘖念ᶵ嵛炻忁⎗傥暨

天℞Ṿ妋慳ㆾ侭㗗㓡列䎦㚱䘬㕡㱽ẍ㛇姙㚜怑⎰⎘䀋ⶪ⟜炻㛇姙℞Ṿ㚱冰嵋⬠侭

⎗ẍ叿ㇳ䞼䨞ˤ

⍫侫㔯䌣

Edward I. Altman., 1968. Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy

James A. Ohlson., 1980. Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy

Robert C. Merton., 1974. On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: the Risk Structure of Interest Rates

Shumway T., 2001. Forecasting Bankruptcy More Accurately: A Simple hazard Model, Journal of Business 74, pp.101-124

Campbell JY, Hilscher J, Szilagyi J. In Search of Distress Risk. Journal of Finance.

2008;LXIII(6):2899-2939.

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Agarwal V. and Taffler R., 2008. Comparing the performance of market-based and accounting-based bankruptcy prediction models, Journal of Banking &

Finance 32, pp.1541-1551

Bharath S. T., Shumway T., 2008. Forecasting Default with the Merton Distance to Default Model. The Review of Finance Studies, Vol. 21, Issue 3, pp.

1339-1399

Beaver, W.H., McNiclos, M.F., Rhie, Jung-Wu, 2005. Have financial statement become less informative? Evidence from the ability of financial ratios to predict bankruptcy, Review of Accounting Studies 10, pp.93-122.

Fama, Eugene F, and Kenneth R. French, 1992. The cross-section of expected stock returns, Journal of Finance 47,427-465.

Hillegeist, S. A., Keating, E. K., Cram, D.P., and Lundstedt, K. G., 2004. Assessing the Probability of bankruptcy, Review of Accounting Studies 9, pp.5-34 㛶㽌よ炻2002炻屉⊁枸嬎㧉✳㕤屯䓊⭂₡ᷳἧ䓐炻⎘䀋⣏⬠屉⊁慹圵䞼䨞㇨䡑⢓

婾㔯

昛㤕⮏ˣ䌳埵㘢ˣ姙泣劙炻2004炻⎘䀋ẩ㤕屉⊁⌙㨇ᷳ枸㷔烉ᾉ䓐姽↮㕡㱽冯怠 㑯㪲姽₡㱽⬘⃒烎炻桐晒䭉䎮⬠⟙炻䫔 6 ⌟炻䫔 2 㛇炻155-179 㳒㖣恩炻2009炻⼙枧屉⊁⌙㨇枸嬎㧉✳㚱㓰⚈䳈䘬㍊妶炻⎘䀋⣏⬠屉⊁慹圵䞼䨞

㇨䡑⢓婾㔯

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