Written Response Test

1

Written Response Test

Marking scheme

8

International Geography Olympiad

Taipei, Taiwan

July 29 - August 4 2010

Marking scheme - overview

2 1 MDGs 2 Flood 3 Population

geography

4 Landforms 5 Agriculture 6 Natural hazards

1 - 3m 1 - 3m 1 - 3m 1 - 1m 1 - 3m 1 - 3m

2 - 2m 2 - 4m 2 - 2m 2 - 1m 2 - 3m 2 - 3m

3 - 2m 3 - 2m 3 - 3m 3 - 1m 3 - 1m 3 - 3m

4 - 2m 4a - 1m 4a - 2m 4 - 1m 4 - 1m 4 - 6m

5 - 3m 4b - 3m 4b - 2m 5a - 1m 5 - 2m

5 - 2m 5b - 2m 6 - 3m

6 - 1m 7 - 2m 8 - 3m

12 marks 13 marks 14 marks 13 marks 13 marks 15 marks

Q Answers Marks

Marking

3

Section I - Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

1

- Achieve universal primary education - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

- Promote gender equality and empower women - Global partnership for development

2

Status of women in the community improves.

The target is to eliminate gender disparities in education.

Children learn from their mothers so learning about finance is given to the next generation.

It gives them hope and they start to save money.

3

Micro-loans are used for any four of the following answers:

- food production - small manufacturing - to buy cattle or sheep - to repair a house - to buy small tools

or any other valid answer. It does not specifically say ‘in Burkina Faso’

4

- Nicaragua - Sudan

5

- Canada is a prosperous country in need of low skilled workers - Germany is a country with an ageing population in need of all kind of

workers

- Workers in either of these countries do not want to do manual work - Kuwait is a very small, rich and sparsely populated country in need of

workers for the oil industry and for domestic work Any other valid reason

1 1 1 1

Q Answers Marks

4

Section II - Flood

1

see Source 1 (1925 = 1.19, 1938 = 3.10, 1944 = 15.50)

2

3

(marking will take into account students’ best-fit curve and answers) - 250,000 cfs

- 2.9 years

1 1

4a

Any interpretation of

- Observation: 7 of the top 10 discharges occur during the last decade.

- The majority of the higher discharges occur in the most recent years.

1

4b

Possible causes are: (3 x1) - deforestation in the river basin - draining of marshes along the river

- removing obstacles (dredging) in the stream

- urbanisation of the river banks (impermeable surfaces) - increased rainfall

any other valid answer

Q Answers Marks

5

Section III - Population Geography

1

This should be descriptions of the pyramids, eg.

- changes from large population under 30 years of age in 1960 to projected majority of over 40 in 2050

- life expectancy increased from 52.4 to 78.3 - fertility rate decreased from 6.2 to 1.08

- population has increased from 25m to 47m etc.

any other valid answer

2

South Korea’s transition from an aging to a super-aged society has been rapid, with either the time taken or the years it happens/happened quoted.

It is not enough to just say ‘rapid’, as students have been told to support their answer with data.

E.g.: transition is only expected to take 26 years - or broken down into its 2 steps - 18 + 8 years. Or: transition is rapid, becoming an aging society in 2000 and a super-aged society by 2026.

3

- Speed: The transition was much more rapid than for Western countries, e.g. South Korea 26 years, France 154 years, USA 94 years. Or, South Korea’s transition is taking a generation, Western countries took decades - Date of onset: The transition started much later than that for Western

countries, e.g. South Korea became an aging society in 2000, France in 1864, Germany in 1932

- Japan and Korea (Asia) similar as compared to Europe/USA (Western)

1

1 1

4a

- Civilisation illnesses, e.g. obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart attack (2x½)

- Main causes, e.g. lack of physical activity, wrong eating patterns, air pollution, stress (2x½)

4b

- Parasite and infectious diseases, e.g. malaria, cholera, yellow fever, tuberculosis etc. (2x½)

- Main causes, e.g. lack of fresh and clean water, poor health service, low hygiene standards, insects transmitting diseases, low awareness of threats and ways of preventing infection (2x½)

5

Two of the following answers:

- High mobility of people being a result of increased tourism and business travels, popularity of air transportation

- Growing number of people

- Mutations and resilience of viruses due to common antibiotics use

Q Answers Marks

6

Section IV - Land forms

1

- E - F

2

- C - D

3

- b (sill)

4

- b (wadi)

5

a: barchans

b: description of process below :

- The wind blows consistently from one direction - sand collects around a small obstruction

- sand piles up with the arms of the barchan parallel to the wind direction

1 2

6

Are students going to recognise this as a loess area?

China, Midwestern United States (with very thick loess deposits)

Suggest take other answers such as South West USA and Central Asia

7

- b – with basalt columns in the picture - c – igneous rock

1 1

8

- geyser - forms in a volcanic area

- ground water comes into contact with magma below the earth’s surface which is at a high temperature

- The water boils and turns to steam

- Pressure increases and the water column on top of the steam is forced out of the cavity at regular intervals as a ‘spout’ or fountain of hot water.

1

1 1

Q Answers Marks

7

Section V - Agriculture and environment

1

- most of farm holdings less than 1 ha in size - decreasing average size of holdings.

- only 1% of holdings are greater than 10ha in size

- primitive subsistence farming any other valid observation

2

An example of elements of a right vicious circle is:

Poverty - No money to buy fertilizers/pesticides et cetera - Low yields - Low income - Bad health - Low output/workforce - Poverty

Every component missing under 5 is 1 mark less.

3

- retaining walls have to be built to enclose the water - transporting water to the fields from wells, or reservoirs can be expensive - Water must be shared out between all the farmers so all get a fair share.

1 1 1

4

massive deforestation

5

- lack of energy resources (therefore, wood is used as charcoal) - population growth (overpopulation / pressure on natural resources,

including forests; need for jobs etc)

- population poverty (wood as the only source of income for many people)

6

- land and soil degradation

- deterioration of hydrological balance (fresh water shortages in many places, including the capital, Port au Prince; underground resources will no longer be properly supplied by rainwater, as massive runoff will erode the slopes…)

- increase of natural hazards effects any other valid answer

Q Answers Marks

8

Section VI - Natural hazards

Disasters of the 21^st century

1

Photo Country and cause

A Chile - earthquake, tsunami B Haiti - earthquake

C Iceland - volcano eruption D Indonesia - earthquake, tsunami E USA - hurricane (Katrina) floods

F USA - (Gulf of Mexico), oil platform explosion and spill

2

Locations of these disasters (A – F) on map.

A B

C

D E F

Q Answers Marks

9

3

• Earthquakes …

• Four of the following:

- cause tsunamis and landslides, - can have many aftershocks, - happen unexpectedly, - affect large areas,

- demolish buildings and infrastructures,

- failure of infrastructures interferes with rescue operations.

1 2

4

Disasters must be of different origin

Only two disasters should be chosen and then 2 effects in each box.

Disaster Effects on local ...

... population ... environment ... economy A Death, injuries,

homelessness,

diseases, lack of fresh water, food and medications,

psychological trauma, prison escapes, riots

Decrease in number of plants and

animals, destruction of habitats, floods, contamination, pollution from broken

infrastructures

Loosing income, repairing buildings, factories and infrastructures

B Death, injuries, homelessness, diseases, violence, lack of fresh water, food and medications, psychological trauma

Decrease in number of plants and

animals, destruction of habitats, floods, contamination, pollution from broken

infrastructures

Loosing income, repairing buildings and infrastructures

C Evacuation because of ash, smothering, loosing homes and property, fires

Changes on

temperature (clouds, less sunshine), alkaline rains, ash rains, changes in soil, smothering plants, fires

Reparations of infrastructure, flights cancelled, all other sorts of transportation used, people did not make it to their jobs

Q Answers Marks

10 D Death, injuries,

homelessness,

diseases, lack of fresh water, food and medications,

psychological trauma, panic

Contamination of fields with salt water, changes in the sea-bottom, washed away sands, impact on

mangroves, coral reefs, forests,

wetlands and dunes, groundwater

Loss of fisheries, unemployment, decrease in tourism

E Evacuation, death, injuries, looting, homelessness,

psychological trauma, largest diaspora in the USA

Forest lands destroyed, beach erosion, loss of habitats, breeding areas, loss of marshes, oil spills, contaminated water pumped to a lake

Expensive reconstruction works in Gulf of Mexico –

transportation and oil platforms, missing crops, unemployment, no taxes, increased insurances F Affects people who

are living on the beach, cannot swim

Impact on marine and coastal habitats, long-term food chain changes, eggs do not develop

Closing down fisheries, decrease in tourism,

collecting oil, taking precautionary measures

* The response is not all inclusive.