షᓎᏔᙁϟ

4

ಃΒക!

5.2GHz Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

ӧҁകύǴךॺஒϟಏ΋ঁᔈҔܭ 802.11a WLAN ޑӓդ੝फ़ᓎ༾ష ᓎᏔǴхࡴႝၡ೛ीᆶჴሞໆෳ่݀Ƕ

2.1 షᓎᏔᙁϟ

షᓎᏔתᄽගٮᓎ౗ᙯඤޑπբǴࢂ৔ᓎԏวᏔ္΋ঁόёલϿޑख़

ाϡҹǶ೛ी΋ঁషᓎᏔхࡴΑӵጕ܄ࡋǵᚇૻࡰኧǵ୵ჹ୵ޑ႖ᚆࡋ (Port-to-Port Isolation)ǵᙯඤቚ੻(Conversion Gain)ǵҁӦਁᕏᏔޑф౗ග ٮǵ୏ᄊጄൎǵᒡΕϷᒡрޑᓎቨǵޔࢬႝᓸǵႝࢬཞ઻฻੝܄ޑԵໆǴ ೯தѸ໪٩ྣس಍ሡाԶԖόӕޑڗ௭ǶషᓎᏔ٩ྣᏹբޑБԄ߾ёϩࣁ ߚጕ܄Ԅ(Nonlinearity-Based Mixer )Ϸ४ݤԄ(Multiplier-based Mixers)ΒᅿǶ ऩ٩ྣಔӝޑБԄǴεठёஒషᓎᏔϩࣁߚѳᑽ(Unbalanced)ǵൂѳᑽԄ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5

(Single-Balanced Mixer)ǵᚈѳᑽԄ(Double-Balanced Mixer)฻ΟᜪǶԶፕЎ ύך܌૸ፕޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔࢂឦܭᚈѳᑽ४ݤԄషᓎᏔǶ

2.2 ৔ᓎషݢᏔख़ा੝܄ୖኧ

ךॺӧ೛ीଯᓎషᓎᏔਔԖ೚ӭाԵໆޑ੝܄ୖኧǴځύԖᚇૻࡰኧ (Noise Figure)ǵᙯඤቚ੻ (Conversion Gain)ǵ႖ᚆࡋ (Isolation)ǵ1dB ቚ੻ᓸ ᕭǵIP3ǵϸ৔ཞ઻(Return Loss)ᆶф౗੃઻฻ǶԶځύΞаጕ܄ࡋǵ႖ᚆ ࡋǵᚇૻࡰኧᆶϸ৔ཞ઻നࣁख़ाǶ

2.2.1 ᚇૻࡰኧ (Noise Figure)

షᓎᏔ΋૓ԖٿᅿᚇૻࡰኧޑۓကǴϩձࣁ SSB Ϸ DSB ᚇૻࡰኧǶ SSB ᚇૻࡰኧ፾ҔܭѦৡԄௗԏᐒǴԶ DSB ᚇૻࡰኧ߾፾Ҕܭޔௗᙯඤௗ

ԏᐒǶٿޣᒡΕୖԵᚇૻф౗(Input-Referred Noise Power)࣬ৡΒ७Ǵଷ೛

DSB ޑᒡΕୖԵᚇૻф౗ࣁN_DSBǵᒡΕૻဦф౗ࣁN_SǴ߾ځᚇૻࡰኧё߄ Ңࣁ[1]

(1 2 ^DSB) 2(1 ^DSB) _SSB 2 _DSB

S S

N N

NF NF

N N

   !  (2.1) җ΢ԄёޕǴ྽NDSB !! NSǴ߾NFSSBऊଯܭNFDSB 3dBǶ

2.2.2 ᙯඤቚ੻ (Conversion Gain)

җܭଯᓎషᓎᏔϐᒡΕߞဦᆶᒡрߞဦڀԖόӕޑᓎ౗Ǵ܌аԖձܭ

΋૓ޑܫεᏔቚ੻ǴଯᓎషᓎᏔϐቚ੻ۓကࣁᙯඤቚ੻(Conversion Gain)Ǵ ଯᓎӓդ੝షᓎᏔႝၡϐᙯᏤᆶځႝၡᙯᏤϷॄၩႝߔԖᜢǴషᓎᏔႝၡ ϐᙯඤቚ੻ࣁ CG=²GM R

S ^u Ƕჹ᏾ঁس಍ٰᇥǴ΋ঁڀԖଯᙯඤቚ੻ޑଯᓎ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

6

ਔǴٯӵ΋ঁե೯ᘠݢᏔǴషᓎᏔޑቚ੻ӵ݀୼ଯߡёа੃ନե೯ᘠݢᏔ

܌೷ԋޑཞ઻Ǵаၲډ᏾ঁس಍ޑሡ؃Ƕ

2.2.3 ႖ᚆࡋ (Isolation)

΋ঁషᓎᏔԖ൳ঁख़ाޑा؃Ǵा؃ϐ΋ࢂ୵ჹ୵ޑ႖ᚆࡋǶ೯தჹ

΋షᓎᏔԶقǴҁӦᆄਁᕏᏔૻဦࢂߚதமਗ਼ޑǴԶ৔ᓎᒡΕߞဦ࣬ჹٰ

ᇥ߾ࢂߚத༾১ޑǴவҁӦਁᕏ୵ᅖᅅډύᓎᒡр୵ޑߞဦ཮೷ԋࡕભޑ ύᓎܫεᏔၲډႫکԶᏤठჹ༾১ϐύᓎߞဦޑቚ੻फ़եǶჹܭ΋மਗ਼৔

ᓎߞဦԿύᓎᒡр୵ϐૻဦᅖᅅΨ཮೷ԋࡕભޑύᓎܫεᏔቚ੻फ़եǶࣁ Αቚம LO ډ IF ޑ႖๊ࡋǴ཮٬ҔமॐޑБݤٰ੃ନᅖᅅޑߞဦǴٯӵу Ε΋ঁե೯ᘠݢᏔǴฅԶե೯ᘠݢᏔӢࣁЁκϼε܌а೯த཮଺ӧ඲Т ѦǶ

ќ΋Бय़Ǵჹ΋ঁϲᓎషᓎᏔٰᇥǴவҁӦਁᕏ୵Կ৔ᓎᒡр୵ޑᅖ ᅅ׳ࣁᝄख़ǴӢࣁךॺࡐᜤ٬Ҕե೯ᘠݢᏔޑБݤஒҁӦ᎜ᕏکᒡрޑ৔

ᓎߞဦϩᚆǶҁӦᆄਁᕏᏔૻဦ೯தࡐமǴӢԶࡐᜤӧ΋షᓎᏔύϰଛҁ Ӧਁᕏ୵Ƕ৔ᓎᒡр୵ჹҁӦਁᕏ୵ޑᅖᅅ཮٬ளҁӦਁᕏᏔᓎ౗όᛙǴ Ѐځჹ΋மਗ਼ϐ৔ᓎᒡΕૻဦٰᇥ׳ࢂӵԜǶૈ୼ӧҁӦਁᕏᏔکషᓎᏔ ϐҁӦᒡΕ୵ϐ໔කΕ΋ଯ႖๊ࡋ(ե S12 )ϐ጗ፂܫεᏔٰᗉխ LO ᓎ౗ό ᛙǴࢂ΋ᅿှ،ޑᒤݤǶҁӦਁᕏ୵ჹ৔ᓎᒡΕ୵ޑᅖᅅ཮೸ၸϺጕӆԛ ܫ৔٠࿘ډምᛖނӆϸ৔ӣٰԶቹៜډௗԏᏔϐၮբǶԾךషᓎวғ٠೷

ԋ጗ᄌਔᡂϐޔࢬံୃǴЀځჹܭޔௗᙯඤس಍ԶقǴਔᡂޑޔࢬံୃ཮

௝ᇂჴሞߞဦǶ࣬ϸӦǴჹຬѦৡس಍ٰᇥ٠คԜ֚ᘋǴӢࣁύᓎߞဦё аᇸܰӦک጗ᄌਔᡂϐޔࢬံୃϩ໒Ƕ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7

2.2.4 1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭ (P1dB)

Ӣࣁႝၡߚጕ܄ਏᔈޑᜢ߯Ǵ،ۓΑᒡΕૻဦޑπբጄൎǴࣁΑ߄Ң ܫεᏔޑπբጄൎǴۓကܫεᏔπբጄൎޑ΢ज़Ǵ೯தаᒡрቚ੻Кጕ܄

ਔቚ੻λ1dB ਔޑՏ࿼Ǵᆀࣁ1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭᗺǶ೯தӵ݀܌೛ीషᓎᏔޑᙯ ඤቚ੻ຫଯǴ1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭᗺ཮ຫեǴԶךॺࠅࢂ׆ఈԖଯޑ1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭ ᗺǶӢԜ۳۳ࣁΑπբጄൎǴךॺό׆ఈషᓎᏔޑᙯඤቚ੻ၸଯǶ

კ2.1 P1dBۓက

2.2.5 Ο໘ᄒᘐᗺ(Third-Order Intercept Point:IP

3

)

Զќ΋ঁख़ाޑߚጕ܄ୖኧǴΟ໘ᄒᘐᗺ׳ࢂ࿶த೏ԵໆޑǶӧคጕ ೯ૻޑᕉნǴૻဦӧௗԏਔҗܭคݤҗᘠݢᏔᘠନޑٿঁᎃ߈υᘋૻဦǴ җܭႝၡϡҹޑߚጕ܄ਏᔈǴ཮೷ԋυᘋૻဦౢғҬϕፓᡂբҔǴԶҬϕ ፓᡂޑΟ໘ߚጕ܄໨཮ပӧ܌ाޑᓎၰϣ೷ԋૻဦޑυᘋǴӵԜ΋ٰߡ཮

ቚуૻဦှፓࡕޑՏϡᒱᇤ౗Ǵ྽ᒡΕૻဦࣁx t( ) A1cosZ1tA2cosZ2tځΟ໘

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

dBm out dBm

IIP P P

2.2.6 ϸ৔ཞ઻(Return Loss)

ϸ৔ཞ઻ځჴ൩ࢂࡰ S ୖኧύޑ S11ǵS22 ฻Ǵ೭ࢂӧଯᓎႝၡύך ॺ܌Ѹ໪ाԵቾޑǴӢࣁ؂΋ભᆶ؂΋ભϐ໔ߔלޑόϰଛ཮ౢғߞဦޑ ϸ৔Ǵ຾Զ೷ԋߞဦૈໆ੃઻ੁ຤ǶԶჹଯᓎషݢᏔٰᇥǴϸ৔ཞ઻ӧଯ ᓎߞဦޑߞဦᒡΕᒡрᆄࢂЀځख़ाޑǶ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

9

2.2.7 ф౗੃઻

ф౗੃઻ځჴࢂ؂ঁᑈᡏႝၡ೛ीޣࣣ໪Եໆޑ໨ҞǶЀځӧ౜Ϟค ጕᆛၡᆶคጕ೯ૻౢ཰ޑว৖ΠǴᒿ๱ᇙำޑ຾؁ǴӵՖ࿯࣪ႝΚаၲډ

׳Φޑ٬Ҕਔ໔܈ࢂࡑᐒਔ໔Ǵ൩Ҟ߻ᑈᡏႝၡ೛ीٰᇥς࿶ࢂ΋ঁࡐख़

ाޑԵໆǶ

2.3 Ӆኳ଑௤৔ᓎ༾షݢᏔ೛ीᆶჴ౜

ךॺճҔ TSMC 0.35͔m SiGe BiCMOS ᇙำמೌǴٰჴ౜Α΋ঁёа ӧ 5.2GHz ᏹ բ ϐ৔ ᓎష ᓎ Ꮤ Ǵ ځύ RF ᓎ౗ ࣁ 5.2GHz ǴLO ᓎ ౗ ࣁ 5.17GHzǴIF ᓎ౗ࣁ 30MHzǶҁႝၡࢂа໺಍ϐӓդ੝ԄషᓎᏔࣁЬᡏǴ ٠уаׯؼǴԜႝၡϐᓬᗺࣁԖؼӳϐᓎ౗ៜᔈǴЪόሡा΋εႝགٰբ ϰଛǴёεε෧λ඲Тय़ᑈ[2]Ƕ

Ӣ conversion gain کႝၡޑॄၩکႝၡޑᙯᏤԖᜢǴӢԜाளډനε ޑ conversion gain ΋Бय़Ѹ໪ा٬ႝၡϐႝࢬ୼ଯǴ܌а٬ҔၨεЁκϐႝ

඲ᡏѐளډǴќ΋Бय़Ѹ໪ԖၨεϐॄၩǴՠٿޣϕ࣬ᜢᖄǴ܌аѸ໪у аڗ௭ǶӢԜךॺ٬Ҕ PMOS ٰ྽ॄၩǴ΋Бय़ёаගٮεॄၩႝߔǴ΋

Бय़ёа෧Ͽ΢БᏹբႝᓸޑཞѨǶԶࣁΑ੃ନӅኳਏᔈޑቹៜǴ܌а௦ Ҕ CMFB(Common Mode Feedback)଑ၡٰჴ౜ႝၡǶ

షᓎᏔֹ᏾ႝၡკӵკ 2.3ǴQ1~Q9 ࢂ 0.35͔m SiGe HBT ႝ඲ᡏǴԶ M1~M14 ߾ࢂ 0.35͔m ޑ MOS ႝ඲ᡏǶSiGe HBT ڀԖ 67GHz ޑᄒЗᓎ

౗ǴӢԜ፾ӝҔٰ଺ࣁךॺଯᓎӓդ੝షᓎᏔޑ RF ભᆶ LO ભǶൂᆄߞဦ

࿶ၸ RF ᒡΕભᙯࣁৡ୏ߞဦࡕǴ࿶ၸႝ඲ᡏ Q1~Q4Ƕႝ඲ᡏ Q1~Q4 ӧ೭

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

ҁႝၡЬाࢂ௦Ҕ Gilbert Cell Micro Mixer ࣁЬᡏ[3]Ǵ༾షᓎᏔࢂঁ

ࡐ౛གྷޑ৔ᓎషᓎᏔࢎᄬǶRF ᒡΕભӵკ 2.4Ƕႝ඲ᡏ Q5ǵQ8ǵQ9 کႝ

ߔᄬԋ΋ single to differential ϐႝၡǴځҞޑࢂᡣ RF ૻဦᡂԋ΋҅΋ॄϐ

ૻဦǴ٠ᙖҗፓ᏾ႝ඲ᡏ 1/gm کᒡΕႝߔ R1ǵR2 ޑελٰၲډᒡΕߔל ϰଛϐਏ݀ǴԜࢎᄬޑӳೀ൩ࢂӧܭႝၡߔלϰଛБԄޑᙁൂϯǴϰଛѝ ሡҔλႝߔջёၲԋǴόѸѦௗႝགႝ৒Ǵ٠ЪࣁൂᆄᒡΕǴӢԜႝၡ߻

ᆄѝሡ΋ભൂᆄᒡрޑեᚇૻܫεᏔǶ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

11

Gilbert Micro Mixer ޑൂᆄᙯᚈᆄᒡΕભଯᓎៜᔈ෧ᇸΑӅኳ௨Ѿޑ ޑሡाࡋǶӧკ 2.4 ёа࣮ډǴ྽Ӆ୷ભୃᓸޑ Q5 ᆶӅ৔ཱུୃᓸޑ Q9 ೱ

ௗԋ΋ঁႝࢬ᜔ࢎᄬਔǴёаගٮ࣬ӕελՠ࣬ৡ 180 ࡋޑᙯᏤቚ੻Ƕ Micro Mixer ޑൂᆄᙯᚈᆄᒡΕભࢎᄬόѝёа٬ൂᆄૻဦᙯඤࣁৡ୏ૻ

ဦǴӕਔΨёаၲډቨᓎޑߔלϰଛǶ྽Ӆ৔ཱུᏹբޑ Q9 ႝ඲ᡏᙖҗӧ Q9ҁيޑᒡΕᆄǴуΕ΋ঁեߔלΒཱུᡏೱௗᄊޑ Q8Ǵ٬ೀܭӅ৔ཱུᏹբ ޑ Q9 ޑೲࡋε൯ගܹਔǴӅ୷ભᏹբΠޑ Q5 ӧ೭ᅿރݩΠڀԖؼӳޑᓎ

౗ៜᔈ੝܄Ƕ

ൂᆄᙯᚈᆄᒡΕભޑ R1 ᆶ R2 ႝߔૈගϲጕ܄ࡋՠࢂࠅ཮Ԗቚ੻ߺ෧ ᆶᚇૻࡰኧᡂৡޑલᗺǶҗᒡΕᆄ࣮຾ѐޑߔלॶ฻ܭ΢ᜐޑߔלॶ٠ᖄ ΠᜐޑߔלॶǶ΢ᜐޑߔॶࣁ R1 Սᖄ Q5 ޑ৔ཱུǴӢԜࢂ R1 у΢ gm5 ޑ ॹኧǹΠᜐޑߔॶࢂ R2 Սᖄ Q8 ޑ໣ཱུǶךॺёаᙖҗፓ᏾ Q8ǵQ9 ᆶ Q5 ޑୃᓸǴӢԶёаࡐ৒ܰޑ೛ۓᒡΕߔלࣁ 50 ኻۅǶ

R1

R2

R3 Q5

Q8 Q9

RF

კ2.4 ৔ᓎᒡΕભႝၡ

(1 50)

2 50

m in

R g 

| :

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

12

2.3.2 Ӆኳ଑௤ભ

ךॺ٬ҔޑӅኳ଑௤চ౛ёҗკ 2.5 ٰᙁൂᇥܴǶ྽ RF ᒡрޔࢬྗ

Տ Vout1 ᆶ Vout2 Ԗ٤༾ᡂ୏ਔǴႝߔ R4 ᆶ R5 ΢཮ԖႝࢬౢғǴӢԶ೷

ԋ M5 ޑ႔ཱུᆶ Vref Ԗ٤༾ৡ౦ǴԜਔܫεᏔߡஒᡂ୏ᒡрԿ M1 ᆶ M2

΢Ǵፓ᏾ M1 ᆶ M2 ޑୃᓸ٬ Vout1 ᆶ Vout2 ၲډ΋ᛙۓॶ VrefǴߥ᛾

M1ǵM2 ୃᓸӧךॺ܌ाޑᏹբ୔ୱǶ

ךॺճҔЬ୏ॄၩ PMOS ٰඤڗଯᙯඤቚ੻ԶόሡཞѨႝᓸᘍ൯ޜ ໔ǶฅԶǴճҔ೭ኬޑৡ୏Ь୏ॄၩӧჴբ΢Ԗ΋ঁୃᓸᛙۓޑલᗺǴ൩

ࢂӧ PMOS ᆶ HBT ႝࢬྍϐ໔΋ۓ཮Ԗ΋٤όϰଛǶӢࣁ೭ኬǴճҔ΋ঁ

ႝߔགෳԄޑ CMFB ٰፓ᏾ PMOS ႝࢬྍॄၩǶM3-M8 ಔԋ΋ঁКၨܫε ᏔǴբ୏ᜪ՟ܭ΋ঁᙁൂޑၮᆉܫεᏔǶ٠Ъᙖҗፓ᏾ PMOS Ь୏ॄၩޑ ελǴߥ᛾ HBT ᆶ PMOS ࣣբ୏ӧЬ୏୔ϣǴ೛ۓ Vref ޑελ٬ M1 ᆶ M2ޑؕભڰۓελӧ VrefǶӢࣁ R4 ᆶ R5 ޑௗӝᗺჹৡ୏ኳԄٰᇥࢂ຀ᔕ

ௗӦǴӅኳགෳႝߔ R4 ᆶ R5 ό཮ቹៜႝᓸᘍ൯Ƕ

კ2.5 Ӆኳ଑௤ભႝၡ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

13

2.3.3 ᒡр጗ፂભ

നࡕךॺ٬Ҕႝ඲ᡏ M9-M12 ಔԋ΋ঁᙁൂޑৡ୏ܫεᏔஒᚈᆄᒡр ޑ IF ߞဦᙯԋൂᆄᒡрǴ܌аךॺޑᒡΕᆶᒡр೿ࢂቨᓎޑࢎᄬǴ೭ኬԖ շܭБߡךॺޑଯᓎ on-wafer ໆෳπբǴёаԖਏޑᢀჸႝၡ႖๊ࡋޑ੝

܄Ƕനࡕу΢Ӆؕભ M13Ǵаၲډ܌ाޑᒡрߔלϰଛǶ

კ2.6 ᒡр጗ፂભႝၡ

SiGe HBT ᇙำڀԖК CMOS ᇙำ׳ӳޑႝ඲ᡏϰଛǴԶషᓎᏔޑ႖

๊ࡋ߾཮மਗ਼ڙډϡҹόϰଛޑቹៜǶTSMC 0.35͔m SiGe HBT ᇙำڀԖ ޑ Deep Trench מೌёаׯ๓႖๊ࡋǶ܌аךॺޑ೭ঁӓդ੝షᓎᏔڀԖؼ ӳޑ႖๊ࡋǶ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

14

ႝၡኳᔕ่݀

m1freq=

dBm(spe)=-20.12530.30MHz m2 freq=

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

15

m1Power_LO=

cvlp=22.7354.000

Conversion Gain VS LO Power Sweep

m1Power_LO=

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

კ 2.11 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30 5.35

-10

RF-IF Isolation (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

LO-IF Isolation LO-RF Isolation RF-IF Isolation

LO-IF Isolation (dB) LO-RF Isolation (dB)

LO Frequency (GHz)

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30 5.35

-10

კ 2.12 Isolations

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

Conversion Gain V.S. 1 Tone RF Power

Conversion Gain(dB)

RF Power (dBm)

კ 2.13 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

Output Power (dBm)

Input Power (dbm)

IIP₃=-11dBm IP_1dB=-21dBm

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-20 -15 -10 -5 0

RF Port S 11 (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

კ 2.15 S11

5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0

0 5 10 15 20

LO=5.17 GHz IF=RF-LO

Conversion Gain (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

კ 2.16 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗(LO Power:3dBm)

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

19

კ 2.17 CMFB Micro Mixer Die Photo(0.955925Ø0.888000mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǴ٠Ъ٬Ҕჴᡍ࠻Ծ ᇙޑ off-chip ޑ Rat-raceȐკ 2.18ȑٰѦௗౢғךॺ܌ሡޑৡ୏ LO ૻဦǶ

඲Тޑελࣁ 0.955925Ø0.888000mm²Ƕ೭ঁႝၡѝ՞඲Тޑλ೽ϩय़ᑈǴ ӢࣁाԵቾΠଞਔଞᆶଞϐ໔ޑӼӄຯᚆǴ܌аε೽ϩޑय़ᑈ೿ࢂ೏ໆෳ

Ҕޑ Pad ܌੃઻Ƕ

DC PAD

IF OUTPUT RF

INPUT

LO

INPUT

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

20

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ך ॺ வ ໆ ෳ ่ ݀ Ȑ კ 2.11 ȑ ё а ว ౜ Ǵ ྽ Ӆ ኳ ଑ ௤ ༾ ష ᓎ Ꮤ ޑ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=5.17GHzǴԶ LO power ࣁ 3dBm ਔǴڀԖ 16dB ޑᙯඤቚ

੻Ƕ྽ LO power வ-15dBm ቚуډ 3dBm ਔǴᙯඤቚ੻ᒿϐҗ 13dB ቚуډ 16dBǶඤѡ၉ᇥǴషᓎᏔ܌ሡाޑ LO power όεǴӕਔڀഢቨޑ LO power ᡂϯጄൎٰၲԋךॺ܌ा؃ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǶӢԜךॺճҔ HBT ܌೛ी

ჴ౜ޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔਡЈڀԖե LO power ᆶቨ LO power ᡂϯጄൎޑٿঁ

ᓬᗺǶ

კ 2.12 ёаᢀჸډ྽ LO power ࣁ 3dBm ਔǴIF ޑ႖๊ࡋᆶ LO-RFޑ႖๊ࡋკ׎Ƕ྽ LO ᓎ౗ӧ 5.2GHz ߕ߈ਔǴफ़ᓎషᓎᏔޑ LO-IF ႖๊

ࡋࣁ 66dBǴLO-RF ޑ႖๊ࡋࣁ 52dBǶLO-IF ᆶ LO-RF ޑ႖๊ࡋ཮ޔௗڙ ډ LO ৡ୏ૻဦޑελᆶ࣬ՏޑѳᑽቹៜǶԶךॺ܌Ծᇙޑ rat-race ӧ 5.17GHz ਔԖനѳᑽޑߞဦǴ٠Ъӧৡ୏ૻဦޑελᆶ࣬Տޑѳᑽ΢ڀԖઞ ᓎޑ੝܄ǶӢԜǴᇻᚆ 5.2GHz ᓎ౗ߕ߈ޑ LO-IF ᆶ LO-RF ޑ႖๊ࡋ཮Π फ़ǴࢂӢࣁ LO ߞဦ໒ۈόѳᑽޑޑጔࡺǶ

ҁႝၡӧ LO=5.17GHzǴLO power ࣁ 3dBm ਔǴڀԖ 24dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǶךॺёаҗკ 2.12 ύ࣮ډ RF-IF ޑ႖๊ࡋ٠ό཮ᒿ๱ RF ᓎ౗ޑᡂ

୏ԶᒿϐᡂϯǴ೭ࢂӢࣁ༾షᓎᏔڀԖቨޑ RF ᒡΕᓎ౗੝܄Ƕ

җკ 2.13 ᆶკ 2.14 ёаᢀჸډ SiGe BiCMOS CMFB Micro Mixer ޑф

౗੝܄߄౜Ƕҗკ 2.13 ᇥܴΑൂፓȐone toneȑф౗ໆෳǴёа࣮ډ 16dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ᆶ-21dBm ޑ IP1dBǶӧკ 2.14 ޑᚈፓȐtwo toneȑф౗ໆෳ߾

ᢀჸډషᓎᏔڀԖ-11dBm ޑ IIP3Ƕ

ಃΒക!!6/3HI{ Ӆኳ଑௤༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

21

ӧკ 2.15 ёа࣮ډషᓎᏔޑᒡΕϸ৔ཞ઻җեᓎډ 10GHz ೿ӧ-13dB аΠǴ᛾ܴΑךॺޑ༾షᓎᏔࢂڀԖቨᓎᒡΕߔלϰଛޑ੝܄Ƕკ 2.16 ߾

ࢂᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗ޑკ׎Ƕךॺёаӧკύ࣮ډǴ྽ IF=30MHz ਔǴᙯ ඤቚ੻ࣁ 16dBmǴՠ྽ IF ᓎ౗ቚуǴᙯඤቚ੻ᒿ๱࡚ೲޑ૰෧Ƕ೭ࢂӢࣁ PMOSЬ୏ॄၩޑଯߔלගٮଯቚ੻ਔΨӕਔज़ڋΑ IF ᓎቨǶ

߄ 2.1 CMFB Micro Mixer ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

CMFB Gilbert Down conversion Mixer (TSMC 0.35͢m SiGe BiCMOS)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ [email protected]ʳ 35.7mA@5V Conversion Gainʳ 22.7dB@LO:4dBmʳ 16dB@LO:3dBmʳ

Input P1dBʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-21dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ N/Aʳ -11dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ ^65dBʳ ^66dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ ^N/Aʳ ^52dBʳ

RF-IF Isolationʳ ^50dBʳ ^24dBʳ

S11ʳ ^-30dBʳ ^-13dBʳ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

22

ಃΟക!

LC ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ӧҁകύǴஒϟಏٿঁϩձᔈҔܭ 5.7GHz ᆶ 5.2GHz ޑ LC ႝࢬӝԋ ϲᓎᏔǴхࡴႝၡ೛ीᆶჴሞໆෳ่݀Ƕ

3.1 LC ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ीᆶჴ౜

ךॺϝճҔΑ TSMC 0.35͔m SiGe BiCMOS ᇙำמೌǴჴ౜Α΋ঁё аӧ 5.7GHz ᏹբϐӓդ੝ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔ[4]Ƕךॺ௦Ҕ΋ঁ೏୏ႝགႝ৒ӝ ԋᏔ٬༾షᓎᏔޑৡ୏ᒡрᙯࣁൂᆄᒡрǴӕਔу७ᒡрႝࢬǶԶ༾షᓎ Ꮤӧҁ፦΢൩ڀԖቨᓎޑൂᆄᒡΕߔלϰଛǴӢԜ΋ঁڀԖൂᆄᒡΕᆶൂ

ᆄᒡрޑӓդϲᓎషᓎᏔϐၮբёаၲԋ[5]Ƕ

೭ঁֹӄϰଛޑϲᓎషᓎᏔ྽ᏹբӧᒡΕ 300MHzǵLO=5.4GHz ᆶᒡ р RF=5.7GHz ਔǴڀԖ-4.1dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ-9.5dBm ޑ OP1dBǵ–1.5 dBm ޑ OIP3ǶύᓎޑᒡΕߔל΋ޔډ 20GHz ೿ӧ-18dB ϐΠǴԶӧ 5.7GHz ߾

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

23

Ԗ -25dB ޑ ᒡ р ߔ ל ϰ ଛ Ƕ ඲ Т ޑ ٮ ᔈ ႝ ᓸ ࣁ 3.3V Զ ႝ ࢬ ੃ ઻ ߾ Ԗ 4.64mAǶ඲ТхࡴΟঁႝགӧϣޑय़ᑈࣁ 0.93Ø0.89 mm²Ƕ

ךॺ೭္௦ҔᆶಃΟകύϟಏၸޑ RF Micro Mixer Cell ࢎᄬǴٰᙯඤ όѳᑽޑߞဦࣁѳᑽޑߞဦǴӕਔճҔଯೲޑ BJT ٰගଯπբᓎቨϷᙯඤ ቚ੻Ƕځдޑ೽ϩӆճҔ LC ႝࢬӝԋޑႝၡǴ٬ᚈᆄᒡрᙯඤԋൂᆄᒡ рǶ΋૓ךॺ೯த཮٬ҔЬ୏ Balun բࣁᚈᆄᙯൂᆄႝၡǴόၸЬ୏ Balun ҁيதڙډႝ඲ᡏೲࡋޑज़ڋǴЪጕ܄ࡋΨၨৡǶӢԜךॺ೭ঁϲᓎᏔޑ RF ᒡрᆄ௦Ҕ LC ႝࢬӝԋޑБԄஒৡ୏ᒡрૻဦᙯඤԋൂᆄᒡрǶԶЪ

٬ҔႝࢬӝԋᏔޑӳೀࢂёӧόቚуཞ઻ޑ௃ݩΠǴஒٿᆄৡ୏ᒡрૻဦ

่ӝӢԜቚуᒡрૻဦޑελǶ

ᙯඤቚ੻کॄၩ IF ϐ gm ԖᜢǴӢԜӵ݀ाளډനεޑᙯඤቚ੻ǴѸ

໪ा٬ IF ϐႝࢬଯǴ٠Ъ٬ҔၨεЁκϐႝ඲ᡏѐளډၨεϐႝࢬǶ྽

ฅǴሡाӭϿޑᙯඤቚ੻ϝ໪аس಍᏾ᡏ଺ԵໆǴόၸǴӧϲᓎᏔޑ೽ϩ ೯தόሡाεޑᙯඤቚ੻Ƕ

ҁႝၡЬाࢂ௦Ҕ Gilbert cell mixer ࣁЬᡏǶֹ᏾ႝၡკӵკ 3.1Ƕႝ

඲ᡏ Q4~Q7 ྽բ΋໒ᜢ྽ LO ૻဦ୼ε٬ႝ඲ᡏ Q4~Q7 ِೲϪඤǴёၲډ ᡣ IF ک LO ૻဦౢғ mixing ϐਏ݀ǴӢԶౢғϲᓎϐ୏բǶႝ඲ᡏ Q1ǵ Q2ǵQ3 کႝߔᄬԋ΋ൂᆄᙯᚈᆄϐႝၡǴځҞޑࢂᡣ IF ૻဦᡂԋ΋҅΋

ॄϐૻဦǴ٠ᙖҗ 1/gm کႝߔၲډߔלϰଛϐਏ݀ǴӵԜёᡣϰଛႝၡό

཮՞ϼεϐय़ᑈǶషᓎϐࡕޑ RF ߞဦճҔ΋ঁ೏୏ႝགႝ৒ӝԋᏔ٬༾ష ᓎᏔޑৡ୏ᒡрᙯࣁൂᆄᒡрǴӕਔу७ᒡрႝࢬǴനࡕޑᒡрӆճҔ٠ ᖄႝ৒Սᖄႝགٰ଺ᒡрߔלϰଛǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

24

კ3.1 LC ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔႝၡ

3.1.1 ৔ᓎᒡΕભ

ҁႝၡЬाࢂ௦Ҕ Gilbert Cell Micro Mixer ࣁЬᡏǶ༾షᓎᏔࢂঁࡐ

౛གྷޑ৔ᓎషᓎᏔࢎᄬǶᚈѳᑽӓդ੝షᓎᏔࢎᄬӢࣁځڀԖؼӳޑ୵ჹ

୵႖๊ࡋǴ܌аӧ RF IC ೛ीύࢂঁڙډቶݱᔈҔޑࢎᄬǶӧӓդ੝ϲᓎ (फ़ᓎ)షᓎᏔ္Ǵӳޑ IF(RF) ୵ᆶ LO ୵႖๊ࡋǴ୷ҁ΢ࢂᙖҗԖਏϩ໒ IF(RF) ᒡΕ୵ᆶ LO ᒡΕ୵ٰၲԋǶӵ݀ᒡΕϲᓎ(फ़ᓎ)షᓎᏔޑ IF(RF)ᆶ LOߞဦࢂ୼ѳᑽޑǴIF-RF(RF-IF)ᆶ LO-RF(LO-IF) ୵ჹ୵႖๊ࡋ཮ᡂޑࡐ ଯǶ྽ฅǴѸ໪ाᢀჸৡ୏ޑᒡрωКၨ࣮ளډ೭ঁ٣ჴǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

25

Ӆ୷ભႝ඲ᡏ Q3 ᆶӅ৔ཱུႝ඲ᡏ Q2 ಔԋႝࢬ᜔ޑࢎᄬǴёаගٮ

࣬ৡ 180 ࡋޑᙯᏤቚ੻Ƕ೭ኬ଺ޑӳೀࢂӕਔёа৒ܰӦౢғৡ୏ޑ RF ߞ ဦǴ٠ЪၲԋቨᓎޑߔלϰଛǶ

ќ΋Бय़Ǵ໺಍ޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔڀԖ΋ঁ৔ཱུӅጠჹᒡΕભǴӕਔሡ

ा΋ঁႝࢬྍٰቚуӅኳ௨ѾКǶό۩ӦǴӧӓդ੝షᓎᏔ္җୃᓸႝࢬ

ྍගٮޑӅኳ௨Ѿӧଯᓎਔ཮זೲޑൾϯǴӢԶफ़եΑ୵ჹ୵႖๊ࡋǶ

3.1.2 ႝགႝ৒ႝࢬӝԋભ

i1

JJK C¹

L1 L₂

i2 JJJK

კ 3.2 ฻ਏ LC ႝࢬӝԋႝၡ

ӵკ 3.2 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔႝၡҢཀკǴషᓎࡕϐߞဦႝࢬ࿶җ LO ϐ

໣ཱུࢬрٰࡕǴёааٿঁᙁϯޑϸӛႝࢬྍٰ߄ҢǴനࡕёᙁϯࣁനѓ ᜐޑკ׎Ƕ

კ 3.3 ᇥܴ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑᏹբচ౛Ǵᙁൂᇥ൩ࢂ྽ᏹբӧ܌೛ी

ޑӅਁᓎ౗ਔǴႝགᆶႝ৒཮ϕ࣬ϯᙁǴ٠٬ளϸӛޑٿঁႝࢬྍᡂԋٿ

ঁӕӛޑႝࢬྍࢬрǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

Lossless transmission line ( ө=0)

T E= l

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ฅࡕӆᝩុϯᙁǴёளᙁϯࡕޑ IoutǵZout ᆶ VoutǺ

  

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

34

m1freq=

dBm(specout)=-34.8985.700GHz

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

0 15

-100 -50 0

-150 50

freq, GHz

dBm(specout) m1

კ 3.13 ᒡрᓎ౗ៜᔈ(RF=5.7 GHz LO=5.4 GHz)

0 1

-40 -20 0 20 40

-60 60

time, nsec

out1, mV

კ 3.14 ᒡрኩᄊៜᔈ(RF=5.7 GHz LO=5.4 GHz)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

35

2 4 6 8

0 10

-20.90 -20.85 -20.80 -20.75

-20.95 -20.70

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1))

კ 3.15 S11

m1freq=

dB(S(2,2))=-25.8675.700GHz

2 4 6 8

0 10

-30 -20 -10

-40 0

freq, GHz

dB(S(2,2))

m1

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

LO Frequency=5.4GHz

Conversion Gain V.S. IF Power

Conversion Gain (dB)

IF Power (dBm) LO Frequency=5.4GHz

IF Frequency=300MHz

კ 3.18 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ф౗(RF=5.7 GHz LO=5.4 GHz)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

Conversion Gain V.S. IF Frequency

Conversion Gain (dB)

Frequency (GHz) LO Power=4dBm

LO Frequency=5.4GHz

კ 3.19 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ᓎ౗(IF Power:-30dBm LO Power:3dBm)

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Output Power (dB)

Input Power (dBm)

OP_1dB=-9.5 dBm OIP₃=-1.5 dBm

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

38

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -35

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

S₁₁

S 11 (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

კ 3.21 S11

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -35

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

S₂₂ S 22 (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

კ 3.22 S22

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

LO-IF Isolation

LO Power=4dBm IF Frequency=300MHz

Isolation (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

კ 3.23 LO-IF Isolation

4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2

LO-RF Isolation

Isolation (dB)

LO Frequency (GHz) LO Power=4dBm LO Frequency=5.4GHz IF Frequency=300MHz

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

40

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20

IF-RF Isolation

LO Power=4dBm LO Frequency=5.4GHz IF fixed at -20dBm

IF-RF isolation(dB)

IF Frequency(GHz)

კ 3.25 IF-RF Isolation

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

41

კ 3.26 LC Up Converter Die Photo(0.925525Ø0.888000mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǴӕኬ٬Ҕჴᡍ࠻Ծ ᇙޑ off-chip ޑ Rat-raceȐკ 3.27ȑٰѦௗౢғךॺ܌ሡޑৡ୏ LO ૻဦǶ

඲Тޑελࣁ 0.925525Ø0.888000mm²Ƕݙཀύ໔ޑٿঁၨεޑႝགջࣁ LC

ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑႝགǶ

RF Output

DC Pad IF

Input

LO Signals

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

42

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

კ 3.26 ᇥܴΑ 5.7GHz Up conversion ༾షᓎᏔΠጕࡕޑ඲Тჴբྣ

ТǶൂᆄᒡрᆶൂᆄᒡΕޑࢎᄬჹܭ on-wafer ෳໆࢂࡐБߡޑǶӧკύё а࣮ډǴGSG IF ᒡΕ୵ӧѰᜐǴԶ GSG RF ᒡр୵ӧѓୁǶGSGSG LO ৡ

୏ᒡΕ୵߾ӧ඲Т΢ᜐǶӧ඲ТޑΠБԖ೚ӭ٠ᖄޑλႝ৒Ǵ೭٤ႝ৒ࢂ

Ҕٰբ DC ᛙᓸϐҔǶӢࣁᇙำ΢ޑज़ڋǴႝ৒ޑനεЁκ೏ज़ڋՐǴ܌а ךѝૈҔ٠ᖄӭঁനεЁκޑႝ৒ٰբᛙᓸޑႝ৒ତӈǴԶόࢂൂᐱ΋ঁ

εޑᛙᓸႝ৒Ƕ

კ 3.17 ᡉҢᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO power ޑໆෳკ׎Ƕ྽ LO power ࣁ 3dBm ਔǴᙯඤቚ੻ঢ়ॶऊࣁ-4dBmǶ྽ LO power வ-10dBm ቚуډ 3dBm ਔǴᙯ ඤቚ੻ᒿϐҗ-6dB ቚуډ-4dBǶӢࣁӵ݀ LO ભޑৡ୏ႝᓸסԔࢂ዗ႝᓸ Ȑ0.1Vȑޑኧ७Ǵᚈၩηࠠ LO షᓎᏔਡЈ IF ޑႝࢬԖ᏾ࢬޑਏ݀Ƕඤѡ ၉ᇥǴҔᚈၩηࠠמೌჴ౜ޑషᓎᏔਡЈѝሡाեф౗ޑҁӦ᎜ᕏྍǴ٠ Ъჹ౛གྷޑᙯඤቚ੻ڀԖቨޑ LO power ጄൎǶ

ךॺӧ߻य़ᇥၸ༾షᓎᏔڀԖቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛᓎቨǴ܌аӧკ 3.21 ύёа࣮ډவեᓎ΋ޔډ 20GHzǴIF ޑᒡΕߔלϰଛऊӧ-18dB аΠǶך ॺவໆෳኧᏵ΢ёаዴۓᒡΕޑႝߔϰଛޑዴπբޑߚதӳǶ

კ 3.22 ᡉҢ RF ᒡрϸ৔ཞ઻ӧ 5.7GHz ਔऊࣁ-25dBǶRF ᒡрߔל ϰଛךॺࢂճҔ΋ঁ LC ե೯ᘠݢᏔٰբޑǶӧךॺޑႝၡ೛ी္Ǵᏹբᓎ

౗ࣁ 5.7GHz Զໆෳ่݀ᡉҢрᒡрϸ৔ཞ઻҅ӳӧ 5.7GHz ޑՏ࿼Ԗঁп αǴᡉҢךॺޑߔלϰଛբளࡐӳǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

43

ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ᓎ౗ޑໆෳკ׎ࣁკ 3.19Ƕךॺёаҗკύᢀჸډᙯ ඤ ቚ੻ޑঢ় ॶऊӧ 0.3GHzǶLC ႝ ࢬӝԋᏔ ᆶᒡр ե೯ᘠݢ Ꮤ೛ी ӧ 5.7GHzǴ܌аᒡрႝࢬӧ 5.7GHz ਔ཮уԋǶLC ႝࢬӝԋᏔڀԖय़ᑈλޑ ᓬᗺǴӕਔӧϲᓎࢎᄬޑ೛ीύࢂߚதӳҔޑǶךॺவკ 3.19 ᆶკ 3.22 ё аޕၰᒡрϸ৔ཞ઻ᆶᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ᓎ౗ޑໆෳ่݀Ǵ೭ٿ஭კ׎ᡍ᛾Α ךॺޑ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔ೛ी҅ዴǶ

კ 3.20 ёаளޕ೭ঁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑф౗੝܄߄౜ǶჴᡍޑኧᏵᡉ Ң OP1dB ࣁ-9.5dBmǴOIP3 ࣁ-1.5dBmǴӢԜךॺёаޕၰ೭ঁࢎᄬޑጕ܄

ࡋࡐόᒱǶ

კ 3.23 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-IF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 5.4GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 32dBǶԶკ 3.24 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-RF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LOᓎ౗ࣁ 5.4GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 40dBǶനࡕǴკ 3.25 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔ ޑ IF-RF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ IF ᓎ౗ࣁ 300MHz Զ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 5.4GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋ ऊࣁ 46dBǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

44

߄ 3.1 LC Up Converter ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

LC Up Converter (TSMC 0.35͢m SiGe BiCMOS)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^{[email protected]}ʳ [email protected] Conversion Gainʳ -4.9dB@LO:-10dBmʳ -4dB@LO:3dBmʳ

Output P1dBʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-9.5dBmʳ

OIP3ʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-1.5dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ 83dBʳ 32dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ 27dBʳ 40dBʳ

IF-RF Isolationʳ 57dBʳ 46dBʳ

S11/S22ʳ -20.7dB/-25.8dBʳ -18dB/-25dBʳ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

45

3.2 ϣࡌ໣ᕴ Rat-race ϐ LC ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ीᆶჴ౜

ךॺճҔΑ TSMC 0.35͔m SiGe BiCMOS ᇙำמೌǴٰჴ౜Α΋ঁё аӧ 5.2GHz ᏹբϐӓդ੝ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔǶךॺ௦Ҕ΋ঁ೏୏ႝགႝ৒ӝԋ LC Current Combiner

RF LO Input Stage

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

46

3.2.1 ύᓎᒡΕભ

ᒡΕᙯᏤભ೽ҽӵკ 3.29 ܌ҢǴځ୷ҁᏹբБԄᆶკ 2.4 ࣬ӕǴՠࣁ Α٬ᒡΕૻဦ׳ѳᑽǴךॺу΢ Q4 ႝ඲ᡏ٬ٿᆄޑ DC ޑᓸफ़࣬ӕǴόҔ ӆ٬Ҕ΋ঁεႝߔǴё٬^CS(Q2)฻ਏ΢ޑ Miller ႝ৒෧λǴ٬Ѱѓৡ୏ૻ

ဦ׳ࣁჹᆀǶ

m in

g V

 ˜ g_m˜V_in

კ 3.29 অ҅ϐᒡΕᙯᏤભ

3.2.2 ҁӦ᎜ᕏྍᒡΕભ

ӵკ 3.28ǴLO ߞဦೱௗډ΋ঁ໣ᕴϡҹಔԋޑ Rat-raceǶӢࣁӧ RF ޑໆෳᕉნύǴ೯தԖࡐӭҔٰೱௗ௖ଞᆶሺᏔޑૻဦጕᆶᙯௗᏔǴԶ೭ ٤Ѧ೽ޑೱௗӭࢂ೷ԋᒡΕૻဦόѳᑽޑচӢǶԶ౜ӧޑᇙำמೌς༾λ ډёаӧ೭ኬޑଯᓎΠǴᡣ໣ᕴ Rat-race ᏾ӝډ඲ТύǴ܌аനޔௗޑբݤ ߡࢂஒ Rat-race բ຾඲Т္ǶӢԜךׯҔ T-Network ک͘-Network ٰಔԋϣ ࡌӧ඲Тύޑ໣ᕴ Rat-race ٰౢғৡ୏ߞဦǴ໣ᕴϡҹ Rat-race ႝၡӵკ 3.30܌Ң[9] [10]Ƕځኳᔕ S ୖኧӵკ 3.31 ܌ҢǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

phase(S(3,1))=83.1214.900GHz m3 freq=

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

48

໣ᕴϡҹ Rat-Race ޑ೛ीୖኧࣁǺ!

0

1 2

L Z

Z

C

Z

!

ךॺଞჹ IF ࣁ 300MHz ޑᓎࢤբኳᔕǴஒ IF ߞဦϲډ 5.2GHzǴӕਔ Եቾ Rat-race ޑ҅ዴ܄Ƕҗკ 3.31 ޑኳᔕύёаว౜ډ Rat-race ޑ Phase ৡ ౦࣬྽λǴ൳Яࣁ 180 ࡋǶ

3.2.3 ৔ᓎᒡрભ

ӧԜϲᓎᏔޑᒡр೽ҽǴ΋ኬ٬Ҕკ 3.2 ϐႝࢬӝԋᏔᒡрൂᆄႝ

ࢬǴࣁΑ٬ႝࢬӝԋᏔόڙѦ೽ޑႝၡቹៜǴӧᒡрᆄу΢΋ঁ CC-CC ޑ

጗ፂભ႖ᚆѦ೽ޑႝၡǴځႝၡӵΠკ 3.32 ܌ҢǴځ AC ኳᔕϐ่݀ӵკ 3.33ᆶკ 3.34Ǵӧ 5GHz ޑ RF ᓎࢤځ૰෧ำࡋᗋӧࡐλޑጄൎǶ

კ 3.32 CC-CC ᒡрભ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

49

1E9

1E8 1E10

-0.15 -0.10 -0.05

-0.20 0.00

freq, Hz

db(mag(Out/In))

კ 3.33 CC-CC ᒡрભਁ൯ៜᔈኳᔕკ

1E9

1E8 1E10

-20 -10

-30 0

freq, Hz

phase(Out/In)

კ 3.34 CC-CC ᒡрભ࣬Տៜᔈኳᔕკ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी ᆢჱ฻ਏႝၡࢂࣁΑ૸ፕ໺ሀډॄၩޑф౗(power delivered to the load)Ƕ

Z₀

R_out>>R_sig

კ 3.35 LC ႝࢬӝԋભᆶ৔ᓎᒡрભޑᒡрф౗ᙯඤ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

L Passive Matching

4

L Active Buffer

0 0

4 4

sig sig sig

V I R

L Active Buffer 0

2

L Passive Matching 0 0

4

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

52

ႝၡኳᔕ่݀

m1freq=

dBm(specout)=-26.6175.200GHz

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

0 15

-100 -50 0

-150 50

freq, GHz

dBm(specout) m1

კ 3.36 ᒡрᓎ౗ៜᔈ(RF=5.2 GHz LO=4.9 GHz)

1

0 2

-50 0 50

-100 100

time, nsec

out1, mV

კ 3.37 ᒡрኩᄊៜᔈ(RF=5.2 GHz LO=4.9 GHz)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

53

2 4 6 8

0 10

-31 -30 -29 -28

-32 -27

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1))

კ 3.38 S11

2 4 6 8

0 10

-13.5 -13.0 -12.5

-14.0 -12.0

freq, GHz

dB(S(2,2))

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

55

m3IFfreq=

CG_USB1=4.4390.300

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.0 1.0

0 1 2 3 4

-1 5

IFfreq

CG_USB1

m3

კ 3.42 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ᓎ౗(IF Power:-30dBm LO Power:0dBm)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

LO Frequency=4.9GHz

Conversion Gain V.S. IF Power

Conversion Gain (dB)

IF Power (dBm) LO Frequency=4.9GHz

IF Frequency=300MHz

კ 3.44 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=4.9 GHz)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

57

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

-8 -6 -4 -2 0

2 Conversion Gain V.S. IF Frequency

Conversion Gain (dB)

Frequency (GHz) LO Power=0dBm

LO Frequency=4.9GHz

კ 3.45 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ IF ᓎ౗(IF Power:-30dBm LO Power:0dBm)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

IF Input Return Loss(dB) RF Output Return Loss(dB)

Return Loss (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

Output Power (dB)

Input Power (dBm)

OP_1dB=-10dBm OIP₃=6dBm

LO-RF Isolation LO-IF Isolation

Isolation (dB)

LO Frequency (GHz)

LO Power=0dBm IF Frequency=300MHz

კ 3.48 Isolations

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

59

კ 3.49 LC Up Converter Using Lumped Rat-race Die Photo(0.98170Ø 0.83485mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǶ඲Тޑελࣁ 0.98170Ø0.83485mm²Ƕݙཀѓ΢Б໔ޑٿঁၨεޑႝགջࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔ ޑႝགǶԶѰୁѤঁႝགջࣁ໣ᕴ Rat-race ޑթֽ೽ϩǶკ 3.49 ᇥܴΑ 5.2GHz ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔΠጕࡕޑ඲ТჴբྣТǶൂᆄᒡрᆶൂᆄᒡΕޑࢎᄬ ჹܭ on-wafer ෳໆߚதБߡޑǶӧკύёа࣮ډǴGSG LO ᒡΕ୵ӧѰᜐǴ Զ GSG RF ᒡр୵ӧѓୁǶGSG IF ᒡΕ୵߾ӧ඲ТΠᜐǶӧ඲Тޑ΢БԖ

೚ӭ٠ᖄޑλႝ৒Ǵ೭٤ႝ৒ӕኬࢂҔٰբ DC ᛙᓸϐҔǶ

RF Output LO

Input

IF

Input

DC Pad

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

60

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

კ 3.43 ᡉҢᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO power ޑໆෳკ׎Ƕ྽ LO power ࣁ 0dBm ਔǴᙯඤቚ੻ঢ়ॶऊࣁ-1dBmǶ྽ LO power வ-6dBm ቚуډ 5dBm ਔǴᙯ ඤቚ੻ᆢ࡭ӧ-1dBǶඤѡ၉ᇥǴషᓎᏔਡЈϝѝሡाեф౗ޑҁӦ᎜ᕏ

ྍǴ٠Ъჹ౛གྷޑᙯඤቚ੻ڀԖቨޑ LO power ጄൎǶ

კ 3.46 ࣁႝၡޑ IF ୵ᆶ RF ୵ϸ৔ཞ઻ໆෳკǶRF ᒡрϸ৔ཞ઻வ 0.1GHz ΋ޔډ 20GHz ೿ӧ-13.5dB аΠǶ༾షᓎᏔڀԖቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛ ᓎቨǴ܌аӧკύךॺёа࣮ډவեᓎ΋ޔډ 20GHzǴIF ޑᒡΕߔלϰଛ ऊӧ-10dB аΠǶ

კ 3.47 ёаளޕ೭ঁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑф౗੝܄߄౜ǶჴᡍޑኧᏵᡉ Ң OP1dB ࣁ-10dBmǴOIP3 ࣁ 6dBmǴӢԜךॺёаޕၰ೭ঁࢎᄬޑጕ܄ࡋ ߚதόᒱǴԶ೭ঁႝၡޑଯጕ܄ࡋᔈ၀ࢂޔௗٰԾӢ٬ҔΑ೏୏ႝགႝ৒

ႝࢬӝԋᏔٰ྽բॄၩޑጔࡺǶ

კ 3.48 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ႖๊ࡋໆෳ่݀Ƕӧ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴLO ډ RF ޑ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 39dBǶଯޑ LO ډ RF ႖๊ࡋࢂٰԾܭѳᑽբ

୏ޑ LC ႝࢬӝԋӓդ੝༾షᓎᏔǴԶ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴLO ډ IF ޑ ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 37dBǶ

ಃΟക!!MD ႝࢬӝԋϲᓎᏔ೛ी

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

61

߄ 3.2 LC Up Converter Using Lumped Rat-race ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

LC Up Converter Using Lumped Rat-race (TSMC 0.35͢m SiGe BiCMOS)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^{[email protected]}ʳ [email protected] Conversion Gainʳ 4.4dB@LO:0dBmʳ -1dB@LO:0dBmʳ

Output P1dBʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-10dBmʳ

OIP3ʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-6dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ 72dBʳ 37dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ 30dBʳ 39dBʳ

IF-RF Isolationʳ 44dBʳ N/Aʳ

S11/S22ʳ -30dB/-13dBʳ -10dB/-13.5dBʳ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

62

ಃѤക!

᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅Ҭ Ѥ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी

ӧҁകύǴஒගр΋ঁ᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔǴхࡴႝၡ೛ी

ᆶჴሞໆෳ่݀Ƕ

4.1 RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ

΋૓ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔёϩࣁЬ୏ᆶ೏୏ٿᅿࠠԄǴٿޣޑϩձ ࣁǴЬ୏ӭ࣬ՏᘠᏔࣁ΋ঁ஥೯ᘠݢᏔ(Band-pass Filter) Զ೏୏ӭ࣬Տᘠݢ Ꮤࣁ΋ঁ஥ЗᘠݢᏔ(Band-stop Filter)ǶаΠךॺஒϟಏ΋ঁ೏୏ᘠݢᏔޑ ӝԋБԄ[12]Ƕ२ӃԵቾ΋ঁൂཱུᗺ RC ᘠݢᏔӵΠკ4.1܌ҢǴځᙯඤڄኧ ӵკ4.2܌ҢǴځᒡрΕ܎Мᙯඤᜢ߯ё߄Ңࣁ

(v v sRC) v

^(4.1)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

63

კ4.1 ൂཱུᗺ RC ᘠݢᏔ

౜ӧճҔ Hilbert ᙯඤ

Ǵ

sos jZ0жΕ΢Ԅ(4.1)ஒკ4.2(a)ޑύЈᓎ౗

౽ԿZ0Ǵӵკ4.2(a)(b)܌ҢǴ

˃

Z

^{Z0 ˃}

Z

ʻ ˴ ʼ ʻ ˵ ʼ

კ4.2 ൂཱུᗺ RC ᘠݢᏔጕ܄ᙯඤ!

Զ4.2(b)ޑᙯඤڄኧջࣁ!

(v_inv_o)(s jZ0)RC v_o

^(4.2a)

0 0

1 1

(v_in v sC_o) (v_o j RCv_in) j RCv_o

R Z R Z

Ÿ   

(4.2b)

0

1 1

(v_in v sC_o) (v_o jv_in) jv_o, when RC 1

R R Z

Ÿ   

(4.2c)

౜ଷ೛vinࣁৡ୏ᒡΕЪϩࣁ I/Q ࣬ՏǴջrv_in,rjv_inѤঁᒡΕǴӢԶё ஒճҔ KCL ۓ౛ஒ(4.2c)Ԅ߄ҢࣁΠკ4.3Ƕӧ᜔Ⴝᓎ౗ਔᒡрv0 0ǴԜਔ ᓸ௓ႝࢬྍόගٮႝࢬǴӢԶёஒѤঁᓸ௓ႝࢬྍѐନԶόቹៜᓎ౗ៜ ᔈǶՠჹܭ Pass-band Զقѐନᓸ௓ႝࢬ೷ԋቚ੻ܫε ²७Ƕ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

΋ঁ΋ભޑ RC-CR ޑӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔӵკ4.4܌ҢǶӧკ4.4(a)ύଷ೛Ѥ

ঁ ࣬ Տ ޑ ᒡ Ε ૻ ဦ ࣁ (0º Ǵ 90º Ǵ 180º Ǵ 270º) ё ߄ Ң ࣁ cosZ_ct Ǵ sinZ_ct Ǵ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

67

LO+

LO-RF+

RF-

IF-I+

I-Q+

Q-I+

I-Q+

Q-II+

IQ-IQ+ II- QI- QQ- QI+ QQ+

˩˷˷

IF+

კ 4.7 ᚈ҅Ҭ࣬Տፄኧफ़ᓎᏔႝၡკ!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

࣬ՏǴϩձࣁ Vout_II+ǴVout_IQ–ǴVout_II–ǴVout_IQ+аϷ Vout_QQ+Ǵ Vout_QI+ǴVout_QQ–ǴVout_QI–ǶӵΠ߄ 4.1 ܌ҢǴϩձीᆉ RF ૻဦϷ

᜔Ⴝૻဦک LO ૻဦషᓎޑ่݀Ǵёว౜ RF ૻဦک᜔Ⴝૻဦϩձౢғ଍ਔ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

RFuLO DQDC outputs

(Low-pass) ImageuLO DQDC outputs (Low-pass)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

70

ӧ ߻य़ךॺς࿶ϟ ಏၸ RC-CR ӭ࣬Տ ᘠݢᏔޑπբচ ౛ǴԶӧ 802.11a ޑೕ਱ύǴ؂ঁᓎၰࣁ 20MHz ޑᓎቨǴӧҁႝၡύೕჄύᓎࣁ 20~40MHz ޑᓎ஥ǶӢԜךॺѸ໪Սᖄӭભޑ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔаၲډ ى୼ޑᓎቨᆶ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋфૈǶკ 4.9 ࣁ܌ीᆉрటၲډ΋ۓޑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋфૈ

ᆶ܌ሡᓎቨǵ܌ሡભኧޑᜢ߯ǶӧԜႝၡ೛ीύǴύᓎࣁ 20~40 MHzǴ f_max/f_min ޑКॶࣁ 2ǶӢԜऩךॺ܌ሡޑ҅ॄᓎ౗ૻဦ׭ڋК౗ӧ 60dB а

΢Ǵ߾ሡԿϿѤભޑ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔǶ

კ 4.9 όӕભኧ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋК౗

! ځύǴ೏୏ޑӭભ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ೛ी؁ᡯӵΠ܌Ң;!

Step 1) ीᆉ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋޑᓎቨǴаϷ܌ሡाޑભኧǶ!

Step 2)Ӄ،ۓനଯϷനեޑཱུᗺǶ

Step 3)ӆа൳ՖኧӈޑБԄӼ௨ځѬޑཱུᗺǶ

Step 4)!ᒿભኧቚуႝߔॶǶ!

Step 5)!೛ीനࡕ΋ભޑܫεᏔаံᓭᘠݢᏔ೷ԋޑ૰෧Ƕ!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

71

؂ঁᘠݢᏔࣣҗѤભޑൂཱུᗺӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ܌ಔԋǴځύЈᓎ౗ࣁ 30MHzޑ 20Mhz ᓎቨǴځႝၡϷኳᔕ่݀ϩձӵΠკ 4.10 ܌ҢǶ.

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

-200 200

-80 -60 -40 -20 0

-100 20

freq, MHz

dB(O1)

კ 4.10 Ѥભ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

74

ႝၡኳᔕ่݀

m1freq=

phase(a)=-149.6 deg5.200GHz m2 freq=

phase(b)=-60.36 deg5.200GHz

m3freq=

phase(c)=30.41 deg5.200GHz m4freq=

phase(d)=119.6 deg5.200GHz

5

phase(c), deg m3

phase(d), deg

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

dBm(total_probe) m 6

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

RF Frequency=5.2GHz

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Power

CG (dB)

RF Power (dBm)

კ 4.19 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी! IP_1dB=-19dBm

Output Power (2f₁-f₂) Output Power (f₁)

Output Power (dBm)

Input Power (dbm)

RF Freq=5.2GHz

Input Return Loss

Input Return Loss (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

78

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

RF Signal Image Signal

Conversion Gain (dB)

IF Frequency (MHz)

LO Frequency=5.17GHz

კ 4.22 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗(LO Power:0dBm)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10 20 30 40 50 60

Image Rejection (dB)

IF Frequency (MHz)

LO Frequency=5.17GHz

კ 4.23 IRR

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

79

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46

LO-IF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

კ 4.24 LO-IF Isolation

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45

LO-RF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

80

5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48

RF-IF Isolation

(dB)

RF Freq (GHz)

კ 4.26 RF-IF Isolation

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

CG (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

კ 4.27 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Power

CG (dB)

RF Power (dBm)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

IIP₃=-11.5dB IP_1dB=-19.5dB

Pout (2f1-f2) Pout (f1)

Output Power (dBm)

Input Power (dbm)

კ 4.29 IIP3 ໆෳ่݀ Image Signal

CG (dB)

IF Freq (MHz)

კ 4.30 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗(LO Power:0dBm)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

83

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10 20 30 40 50 60

Image Rejection (dB)

IF Frequency (MHz)

LO Frequency=5.17GHz

კ 4.31 IRR

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45

LO-IF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

84

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-50

LO-RF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

კ 4.33 LO-RF Isolation

5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-52

RF-IF Isolation

(dB)

RF Freq (GHz)

კ 4.34 RF-IF Isolation

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

CG (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

კ 4.35 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Power

CG (dB)

RF Power (dBm)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी! IP_1dB=-20dB

Pout (2f1-f2) Pout (f1)

Output Power (dBm)

Input Power (dbm)

კ 4.37 IIP3 ໆෳ่݀ Image Signal

CG (dB)

IF Freq (MHz)

კ 4.38 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗(LO Power:0dBm)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

87

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10 20 30 40 50 60

Image Rejection (dB)

IF Frequency (MHz)

LO Frequency=5.17GHz

კ 4.39 IRR

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44 -43 -42

LO-IF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

88

5.05 5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-55

LO-RF Isolation

(dB)

LO Freq (GHz)

კ 4.41 LO-RF Isolation

5.10 5.15 5.20 5.25 5.30

-42

RF-IF Isolation

(dB)

RF Freq (GHz)

კ 4.42 RF-IF Isolation

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

89

კ 4.43 DQDC 4PPF Die Photo(0.99045Ø0.98615mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ on-wafer ޑଯᓎໆෳᕉნǴ٠Ъ٬Ҕჴᡍ࠻Ծᇙᆶᖼ ວޑ off-chip ޑ Rat-race ᆶቨᓎጠӝᏔȐკ 4.44ȑǴٰѦௗౢғךॺ܌ሡޑ ৡ୏ LO ૻဦǴӕਔճҔ࣬Տፓ᏾Ꮤٰፓ᏾ᒡΕૻဦޑ࣬Տډཱུࣁѳᑽޑރ ᄊǶ඲Тޑελࣁ 0.99045Ø0.98615mm²Ƕ೭ঁႝၡѝ՞඲Тޑλ೽ϩय़ ᑈǴӢࣁाԵቾΠଞਔଞᆶଞϐ໔ޑӼӄຯᚆǴ܌аε೽ϩޑय़ᑈϝࢂ೏

ໆෳҔޑ Pad ܌੃઻Ƕ

DC Pad

IF Output

LO Signals RF Input

Signals

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

90

კ 4.44 ໆෳҔޑးഢ

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ໆෳਔךॺଞჹ 2.7Vǵ3.3Vǵ5V Οঁᏹբႝᓸբෳ၂Ǵว౜ӧ 2.7V ᏹբਔޑ᜔Ⴝߞဦ੃ନਏ݀നӳǴ܌аךॺ൩ஒ 2.7V ᏹբޑໆෳ่݀ว߄ ӧ 12th GAAS Symposium Amsterdam, 2004 ޑ୯ሞࣴ૸཮΢ǶӢԜҁፕЎך ଞჹа 2.7V ᏹբޑໆෳٰ่݀ᇥܴǶ

ךॺவໆෳ่݀ёаว౜Ǵ྽షᓎᏔޑ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=5.17GHzǴ LO power ࣁ 0dBm ਔǴႝၡڀԖ 1dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǶԶவკ 4.18 ύёаว

౜Ǵ྽ LO power வ 0dBm ቚуډ 10dBm ਔǴᙯඤቚ੻ϝᆢ࡭ӧ 1dB Ѱ ѓǶషᓎᏔ܌ሡाޑ LO power όεǴӕਔڀഢቨޑ LO power ᡂϯጄൎٰ

ၲԋךॺ܌ा؃ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǶӢԜךॺޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔਡЈᆶ߻य़ക࿯೛

ीޑషᓎᏔ΋ኬڀԖե LO power ᆶቨ LO power ᡂϯጄൎޑٿঁᓬᗺǶ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

91

җკ 4.19 ᆶკ 4.20 ёаᢀჸډ܌೛ीᇙ೷ޑ SiGe HBT ᚈ҅Ҭӓդ੝

फ़ᓎషᓎᏔӧ 2.7V ᏹբΠޑф౗੝܄߄౜Ƕҗკ 4.19 ᇥܴΑൂፓȐone toneȑф౗ໆෳǴёа࣮ډ 1dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ᆶ-19dBm ޑ IP1dBǶӧკ 4.20 ޑᚈፓȐtwo toneȑф౗ໆෳ߾ᢀჸډషᓎᏔڀԖ-9dBm ޑ IIP3Ƕ

җკ 4.22 ёа࣮ډᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ᓎ౗௟ᓎޑკ׎ǴӢԜёа࣮ډ҅

ᓎ౗ᆶ᜔Ⴝߞဦ࿶ၸషᓎᏔफ़ᓎԋࣁ IF ࡕǴ೯ၸᘠݢᏔޑ่݀Ƕεܭ LO ᓎ౗ޑ RF ߞဦ࿶ၸफ़ᓎࡕ཮ᡂԋ҅ޑǴջࣁךॺाޑߞဦǹԶλܭ LO ᓎ

౗ޑ RF ߞဦ࿶ၸफ़ᓎࡕ཮ᡂԋॄޑǴջࣁךॺόाޑ᜔ႽߞဦǶஒໆෳ่

݀ڗ๊ჹॶࡕǴջࣁკ 4.22Ƕӧ 15MHz ډ 45MHz ޑ҅ᓎ౗ਔᙯඤቚ੻ࣁ 1dBǹԶӧ 15MHz ډ 45MHz ޑॄᓎ౗ਔᙯඤቚ੻߾ࣁ-46dBǶஒ᜔Ⴝߞဦ

׭ڋК౗ۓကԋ҅ IF ᓎ౗ᙯඤቚ੻К΢ॄ IF ᓎ౗ᙯඤቚ੻ǶӢԜǴа dB ॶٰԵቾǴΨ൩ࢂஒკ 4.22 ޑ҅ IF ᓎ౗ᙯඤቚ੻෧ѐॄ IF ᓎ౗ᙯඤቚ੻Ǵ ջԋࣁკ 4.23 ޑ IRRȐImage Rejection RatioȑǶҗკ 4.23 ύёа࣮ډӧ 15MHzډ 45MHz ޑ IF ᓎࢤǴIRR εܭ 47dBǶ

კ 4.24 ᆶკ 4.25 ёаᢀჸډ྽ LO power ࣁ 0dBm ਔǴLO-IF ޑ႖๊

ࡋᆶ LO-RF ޑ႖๊ࡋკ׎Ƕ྽ LO ᓎ౗ӧ 5.2GHz ߕ߈ਔǴफ़ᓎషᓎᏔޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋऊଯܭ 48dBǴ LO-RF ޑ႖๊ࡋऊଯܭ 47dBǶҁႝၡӧ LO=5.17GHzǵLO power ࣁ 0dBm ਔǴڀԖ 49dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǶ

ӧკ 4.21 ёа࣮ډషᓎᏔޑᒡΕϸ৔ཞ઻ӧ 5.2GHz ѰѓਔǴऊӧ-11dBаΠǶ

ಃѤക!!᜔Ⴝ੃ନᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

92

߄ 4.2 DQDC4PPF ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

Double-Quadrature Down-Converter with Passive Poly-phase Filter (TSMC 0.35͢m SiGe BiCMOS)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^{[email protected]}ʳ ^{[email protected]}

Conversion Gainʳ 20dB@LO:-10dBmʳ 1dB@LO:0dBmʳ

Input P1dBʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-19dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-9dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ N/Aʳ >48dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ N/Aʳ >47dBʳ

RF-IF Isolationʳ 48dBʳ >49dBʳ

S11ʳ ^-8.6dBʳ ^-11dBʳ

IRR 69dB 47dB

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

93

ಃϖക!

5.2GHz GaAs HBT ༾షᓎᏔ೛ी

ൂ඲৔ᓎᑈᡏႝၡ(RFIC)ӧගٮλय़ᑈǵଯख़ᇙ܄ǵଯᛙۓ܄Ϸӧε ໆғౢਔޑեሽ਱Бय़Ǵޖᇙำ๏৔ᓎמೌ΋ঁࡐӳޑᒧ᏷ǶԶઈϯㄿ GaAs ඲Тᗨฅሽ਱ၨଯǴՠӧ׷਑ޑҁ፦΢ϝയၸޖ΋ε؁ǶӧҁകύǴ ךॺஒϟಏٿঁᔈҔܭ 802.11a WLAN ޑӓդ੝फ़ᓎ༾ᓎᏔǴхࡴႝၡ೛ी

ᆶჴሞໆෳ่݀Ƕ

5.1 ൂᆄᒡрൂᆄᒡΕ༾షᓎᏔ೛ीᆶჴ౜

ך ॺճ Ҕ GCT 2µm GaAs HBT ᇙ ำ מ ೌ Ǵ ٰ ჴ ౜ Α ΋ ঁ ё а ӧ 5.2GHz ᏹբϐ৔ᓎషᓎᏔǴځύ RF ᓎ౗ࣁ 5.2GHzǴLO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHzǴ IF ᓎ౗ࣁ 300MHzǶҁႝၡࢂа໺಍ϐӓդ੝ԄషᓎᏔࣁЬᡏǴ٠уаׯ ؼǴԜႝၡϐᓬᗺࣁԖؼӳϐᓎ౗ៜᔈǴЪόሡा΋εႝགٰբϰଛǴёε

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Vcc Vcc Vcc

Q17 Q18

ֹ᏾ႝၡკӵკ 5.1ǶҁႝၡЬाࢂ௦Ҕ Gilbert Cell Micro Mixer ࣁЬ ᡏǶҞޑࢂᡣ RF ૻဦᡂԋ΋҅΋ॄϐૻဦǴ٠ᙖҗፓ᏾ႝ඲ᡏ 1/gm کᒡ Εႝߔ R1ǵR2 ޑελٰၲډᒡΕߔלϰଛϐਏ݀ǴԜࢎᄬޑӳೀ൩ࢂӧܭ

ႝၡߔלϰଛБԄޑᙁൂϯǴϰଛѝሡҔλႝߔջёၲԋǴόѸѦௗႝག

ႝ৒Ǵ٠ЪࣁൂᆄᒡΕǴӢԜႝၡ߻ᆄѝሡ΋ભൂᆄᒡрޑեᚇૻܫε ᏔǶ

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95

5.1.2 ҁӦ᎜ᕏྍᒡΕભ

ҁӦਁᕏᆄΨࢂ௦Ҕӵӕ৔ᓎᒡΕભൂᆄᙯᚈᆄϐႝၡǴஒόѳᑽϐ

ૻဦᙯࣁѳᑽϐૻဦᒡΕԿషᓎᏔϐਡЈǴӵԜёόѸӆҔѦௗޑ Rat-race ஒόѳᑽϐૻဦᙯඤԋѳᑽૻဦᒡΕԿషᓎᏔǶ೭ኬჹܭךॺໆෳ΢Ψၨ

ࣁБߡǶ

5.1.3 ᒡр጗ፂભ

നࡕ೭္ךॺЬाճҔ΋ঁৡ୏ܫεᏔٰಔԋᚈᆄᙯൂᆄޑᒡрભǴ ёаᡣషᓎϐࡕޑύᓎૻဦҗൂᆄᒡрǶ

ႝၡኳᔕ่݀

m5freq=

dBm(pg)=6.430100.0MHz m6 freq=

dBm(pg)=-35.1415.100GHz

1 2 3 4 5 6

0 7

-60 -40 -20 0

-80 20

freq, GHz

dBm(pg)

m5

m6

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

96

10 20 30 40

0 50

1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

1.6 3.2

time, nsec

out, V

კ 5.3 ᒡрኩᄊៜᔈ(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.1 GHz)

m1Power_LO=

CV=35.682-13.000

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10

-20 15

34.5 35.0 35.5

34.0 36.0

Power_LO

CV

m1

კ 5.4 ᙯඤቚ੻ჹ LO ф౗(RF=5.2 GHz LO=5.1 GHz)

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97

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 10

-26 -24 -22 -20

-28 -18

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1))

კ 5.5 S11

ךॺޑႝၡӧኳᔕਔڀԖ 35dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǴڀԖӵԜଯޑᙯඤቚ੻

ޑচӢǴ΋Бय़ࢂӢࣁ GaAs HBT ޑଯᙯᏤǴԶЪႝၡޑ០୏ႝᓸࢂ 5VǴ ӕਔךॺӧႝၡޑᒡрᗋԖ΋ঁᒡр጗ፂભϐࡺǴќ΋Бय़߾ࢂӧ೛ीਔ ᏼЈΠጕӣٰޑ඲Т཮ӢᇤৡԶ٬ᙯඤቚ੻ΠྖԶႣ੮ቚ੻ޑޜ໔Ƕፏӭ ޑӢનуӧ΋ଆω཮٬ޑ٬ளႝၡڀԖଯၲ 35dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻Ƕ

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Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

CG (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Power

CG (dB)

RF Power (dBm)

-40 -30 -20 -10 0

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LO Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

კ 5.8 LO-IF Isolation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LO Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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RF-IF Isolation

Isolation (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

კ 5.10 RF-IF Isolation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Conversion Gain

CG (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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Conversion Gain V.S. RF Frequency

CG (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

positive freq negative freq

CG (dB)

IF Frequency (MHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5

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S Parameter (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

Output Power (dBm)

RF Power (dBm)

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

103

კ 5.16 Single In Single Out Micro Mixer Die Photo(1Ø1mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǴ඲Тޑελࣁ 1Ø 1mm²Ƕ೭ঁႝၡѝ՞඲Тޑλ೽ϩय़ᑈǴӢࣁाԵቾΠଞਔଞᆶଞϐ໔ޑ ӼӄຯᚆǴ܌аε೽ϩޑय़ᑈ೿ࢂ೏ໆෳҔޑ Pad ܌੃઻ǶԶ GCT ᇙำԖ ज़ڋ඲ТελЁκǴ܌а೭ঁ඲Тελখӳࣁ 1Ø1mm²Ƕ

LO INPUT

IF

OUTPUT DC PAD

RF

INPUT

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104

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ךॺܭໆෳਔᒧۓ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=4.9GHz ޑᓎࢤǶךॺவკ 5.6 ё аว౜Ǵ྽༾షᓎᏔޑ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=4.9GHzǴLO power ࣁ-5dBm ਔǴ ڀԖ 35dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻Ƕ྽ LO power வ-10dBm ቚуډ 0dBm ਔǴᙯඤቚ੻

ϝᆢ࡭ӧ 35dBǶషᓎᏔ܌ሡाޑ LO power όεǴӕਔڀഢቨޑ LO power ᡂϯጄൎٰၲԋךॺ܌ा؃ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǶӢԜךॺճҔ GaAs HBT ܌೛ी

ჴ౜ޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔਡЈΨڀԖե LO power ᆶቨ LO power ᡂϯጄൎޑٿ

ঁᓬᗺǶ

კ 5.8 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-IF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 27dBǶԶკ 5.9 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-RF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LOᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 26dBǶനࡕǴკ 5.10 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔ ޑ RF-IF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ IF ᓎ౗ࣁ 300MHz Զ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋ ऊࣁ-17dBǴࣁॄॶǴ߄Ң RF ૻဦ೏ܫε٠ᅅډΑ IF ୵Ƕ

җკ 5.7 ᆶკ 5.15 ёаᢀჸډҁႝၡޑф౗੝܄߄౜Ƕҗკ 5.7 ᇥܴ

ΑൂፓȐone toneȑф౗ໆෳǴёа࣮ډ 35dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ᆶ-29dBm ޑ IP1dBǶӧკ 5.15 ޑᚈፓȐtwo toneȑф౗ໆෳ߾ᢀჸډషᓎᏔڀԖ-25dBm ޑ IIP3Ǵጕ܄ࡋ٠ό٫Ƕ

ӧკ 5.14 ёа࣮ډషᓎᏔޑᒡΕϸ৔ཞ઻җեᓎ΋ޔډ 6GHz ೿ӧ-16dBаΠǴ᛾ܴΑךॺޑ༾షᓎᏔࢂڀԖቨᓎᒡΕߔלϰଛޑ੝܄Ƕ

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

105

߄ 5.1 Single In Single Out Micro Mixer ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

Single In Single Out Micro Mixer (GCT 2͢m GaAs HBT)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^85mA@5Vʳ ^135mA@5V

Conversion Gainʳ 35.7dB@LO:-13dBmʳ 35dB@LO:-5dBmʳ

Input P1dBʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-29dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ ^N/Aʳ ^-25dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ 24dBʳ 27dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ 29dBʳ 26dBʳ

RF-IF Isolationʳ 6dBʳ -17dBʳ

S11ʳ ^-20dBʳ ^-16dBʳ

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी! 4.9GHzǴIF ᓎ౗ࣁ 300MHzǶ

೭ঁႝၡࢎᄬЬाၟ߻΋࿯ჴ౜ޑफ़ᓎᏔႝၡߚதᜪ՟ǴόӕޑӦБ

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107

5.2.1 ৔ᓎᒡΕભ

ֹ᏾ႝၡკӵკ 5.17ǶҁႝၡЬाࢂ௦Ҕ Gilbert Cell Micro Mixer ࣁ ЬᡏǶҞޑࢂᡣ RF ૻဦᡂԋ΋҅΋ॄϐૻဦǴ٠ᙖҗፓ᏾ႝ඲ᡏ 1/gm ک ᒡΕႝߔ R1ǵR2 ޑελٰၲډᒡΕߔלϰଛϐਏ݀ǴԜࢎᄬޑӳೀ൩ࢂӧ ܭႝၡߔלϰଛБԄޑᙁൂϯǴϰଛѝሡҔλႝߔջёၲԋǴόѸѦௗႝ

གႝ৒Ǵ٠ЪࣁൂᆄᒡΕǴӢԜႝၡ߻ᆄѝሡ΋ભൂᆄᒡрޑեᚇૻܫε ᏔǶ

5.2.2 ҁӦ᎜ᕏྍᒡΕભ

ҁӦਁᕏᆄ٬Ҕ΋ঁҗ໣ᕴϡҹಔԋޑ Rat-raceǶӵԜёόѸӆҔѦ

ௗޑ Rat-race ஒόѳᑽϐૻဦᙯඤԋѳᑽૻဦᒡΕԿషᓎᏔǶ׆ఈ೭ኬёа ᗉխ߻΋࿯٬ҔЬ୏ LO ᒡΕભ܌ёૈ೷ԋޑ࣬ՏᇤৡǵமࡋᇤৡǶ

კ 5.18 ҁӦਁᕏᆄϐൂᆄᙯᚈᆄ Rat-Race ႝၡ

5.2.3 ᒡр጗ፂભ

നࡕ೭္ךॺϝճҔ΋ঁৡ୏ܫεᏔٰಔԋᚈᆄᙯൂᆄޑᒡрભǴё аᡣషᓎϐࡕޑύᓎૻဦҗൂᆄᒡрǶՠࢂךॺஒ৔ཱུႝߔуεǴ׆ఈૈ

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phase(S(2,1))=86.7154.900GHz m4 freq=

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

109

m5freq=

dBm(pg)=-3.277300.0MHz m6 freq=

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ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

Conversion Gain V.S. LO Power

CG (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Power

CG (dB)

RF Power (dBm)

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

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LO Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

კ 5.26 LO-IF Isolation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

LO Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

კ 5.27 LO-RF Isolation

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RF-IF Isolation

Isolation (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

კ 5.28 RF-IF Isolation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Conversion Gain

CG (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

Conversion Gain V.S. RF Frequency

CG (dB)

RF Frequency (GHz)

1 2 3 4 5 6

IF Freq (GHz)

positive freq negative freq

0 1 2 3 4 5

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S Parameter (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

S Parameter (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

Output Power (dBm)

RF Power (dBm)

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

117

კ 5.35 Single In Single Out RR Micro Mixer Die Photo(1Ø1mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǴ඲Тޑελࣁ 1Ø 1mm²Ƕ೭ঁႝၡѝ՞඲Тޑλ೽ϩय़ᑈǴӢࣁाԵቾΠଞਔଞᆶଞϐ໔ޑ ӼӄຯᚆǴ܌аε೽ϩޑय़ᑈ೿ࢂ೏ໆෳҔޑ Pad ܌੃઻ǶԶ GCT ᇙำᗨ ฅԖज़ڋ඲ТελЁκǴՠуΕ໣ᕴϡҹ Rat-race ࡕ೭ঁ඲Тελখӳϝࣁ 1Ø1mm²Ƕ

LO INPUT

IF

OUTPUT DC PAD

RF

INPUT

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

118

่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ךॺܭໆෳਔᒧۓ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=4.9GHz ޑᓎࢤǶךॺவკ 5.24 ёаว౜Ǵ྽༾షᓎᏔޑ RF=5.2GHzǵLO=4.9GHzǴLO power ࣁ-5dBm ਔǴڀԖ 27.6dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻Ƕ྽ LO power வ-10dBm ቚуډ 5dBm ਔǴᙯ ඤቚ੻ϝᆢ࡭ӧ 27dB ߕ߈ǶషᓎᏔ܌ሡाޑ LO power όεǴӕਔΨڀഢ ቨޑ LO power ᡂϯጄൎٰၲԋךॺ܌ा؃ޑᙯඤቚ੻Ƕ

კ 5.26 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-IF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 28dBǶԶკ 5.27 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ LO-RF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ LOᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋऊࣁ 37dBǶനࡕǴკ 5.28 ࣁ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔ ޑ RF-IF ໆෳ่݀Ǵӧ IF ᓎ౗ࣁ 300MHz Զ LO ᓎ౗ࣁ 4.9GHz ਔǴ႖๊ࡋ ऊࣁ-1dBǴࣁॄॶǴ߄Ң RF ૻဦϝ೏ܫε٠ᅅډΑ IF ୵ǴόၸК߻΋࿯

ϟಏϐషᓎᏔޑ RF-IF ाٰޑӳ٤Ƕ

җკ 5.25 ᆶკ 5.34 ёаᢀჸډҁႝၡޑф౗੝܄߄౜Ƕҗკ 5.25 ᇥ

ܴΑൂፓȐone toneȑф౗ໆෳǴёа࣮ډ 27.6dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ᆶ-22dBm ޑ IP1dBǶӧკ 5.34 ޑᚈፓȐtwo toneȑф౗ໆෳ߾ᢀჸډషᓎᏔڀԖ-17dBm ޑ IIP3Ǵጕ܄ࡋԖั༾ගϲǶ

ӧკ 5.32 ёа࣮ډషᓎᏔޑᒡΕϸ৔ཞ઻ໆෳ่݀Ǵҗեᓎ΋ޔډ 6GHz ೿ӧ-20dB аΠǴ᛾ܴΑךॺޑ༾షᓎᏔࢂڀԖቨᓎᒡΕߔלϰଛޑ

੝܄ǶԶவკ 5.33 ёа࣮ډషᓎᏔޑᒡрϸ৔ཞ઻ໆෳ่݀Ǵҗեᓎ΋ޔ ډ 6GHz ೿ӧ-10dB аΠǶ

ಃϖക!!6/3HI{!HbBt!ICU!༾షᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

119

߄ 5.2 SISO RR Micro Mixer ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

Single In Single Out Micro Mixer With Lumped-Element Rat-Race (GCT 2͢m GaAs HBT)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^113mA@5Vʳ ^125mA@5V

Conversion Gainʳ 26.7dB@LO:-10dBmʳ 27.6dB@LO:-5dBmʳ

Input P1dBʳ ^-24dBmʳ ^-22dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ ^4dBmʳ ^-17dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ 83dBʳ 28dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ 77dBʳ 37dBʳ

RF-IF Isolationʳ 59dBʳ -1dBʳ

S11ʳ ^-36dBʳ ^-20dBʳ

S22 -16dB -10dB

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

120

ಃϤക!

Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी

ӧҁകύǴךॺஒϟಏ΋ঁᔈҔܭ 5.7GHz ޑԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔǴх

ࡴႝၡ೛ीኳᔕǴՠჴሞໆෳϝࡑֹԋǶ

6.1 Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ीᆶჴ౜

ԛᒋݢషᓎᏔႝၡЬाࢂҔӧޔௗफ़ᓎԄௗԏᐒޑࢎᄬǶӢࣁԛᒋݢ షᓎᏔࢂஒ LO ߞဦޑΒ७ᓎᆶ RF ߞဦբޔௗफ़ᓎǴඤѡ၉ᇥǴӧ LO ᓎ

౗ᆶ RF ᓎ౗όӕޑ௃ݩΠǴϝёаբޔௗफ़ᓎޑ୏բǴӢԜдޑᓬᗺࢂ੃

ନޔௗफ़ᓎԄௗԏᐒ္ёૈวғޑਁᕏᏔ܎רਏᔈаϷӢ LO ૻဦጠӝԿ RF ᆄ܌ౢғޑޔࢬୃ౽Ƕ

ךॺޑႝၡࢎᄬЬाࢂճҔ RC-CR Ѥ࣬ՏౢғᏔౢғѤ࣬Տޑ LO ૻ ဦǴӆճҔΖ࣬ՏౢғᏔౢғΖঁ࣬Տޑ LO ૻဦ[14]ǴനࡕᒡΕ७ᓎᏔႝ

ၡᆶ RF ᒡΕભషᓎǴౢғեᓎૻဦᒡрǶ

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

122

6.1.2 ԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔႝၡ

Ӣႝ඲ᡏޑߚጕ܄੝፦Ǵ྽ૻဦҗ୷ཱུ຾ΕǴӧ໣ཱུᆄр౜ᒋݢǴӆ ճҔӧٿᗭႝ඲ᡏӚ୷ཱུᆄᒡΕ࣬ৡ180ࡋޑૻဦǴӚ collector ᆄߡ཮ౢғ ӕ࣬ՏޑଽኧᒋݢᆶϸӛޑڻኧᒋݢǴஒٿޣ࣬уǴಃΒᒋݢૈໆஒ཮ന εǴࡺૈٰ৾٬ҔǶךॺа Gilbert Double Balance Mixer ࣁЬࢎᄬаቚуჹ ᆀ܄Ǵ੃ନځдόाޑᒋݢϷᚇૻǶ

6.1.3 ҁӦ᎜ᕏྍΖ࣬ՏౢғᏔႝၡ

ҁӦਁᕏᆄࢂஒৡ୏ LO ߞဦᒡΕ RC-CR ᘠݢᏔࡕǴౢғѤ࣬Տޑ LO ߞဦǶӆаკ 6.2 ޑБԄஒѤ࣬ՏߞဦᒡΕΖಔ౽ᓎ࣬уᏔ(Phase Shifting Adder)ǴӢԶౢғΖ࣬Տޑ LO ߞဦଌΕషᓎᏔǶ

კ 6.2 Ζ࣬ՏౢғᏔႝၡ

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

123

ӵკ 6.3Ƕ45 ࡋ౽ᓎ࣬уᏔޑচ౛ࢂஒٿঁ࣬ৡ 90 ࡋޑߞဦᒡΕৡ୏

ܫεᏔǴനࡕӧᒡрਔӝٳǴߡ཮ஒٿޣޑ࣬Տӝٳӧٿޣޑύ໔ᒡрǶ ᖐٯٰᇥǴӵ݀ࢂ 0 ࡋᆶ 90 ࡋӝٳǴߡ཮ౢғ 45 ࡋᒡрǹԶ 90 ࡋᆶ 180 ࡋӝٳǴߡ཮ౢғ 135 ࡋᒡрǶԶӕ࣬౽ᓎ࣬уᏔ߾ࢂஒૻဦᆶԾρ࣬у ᒡрǴӢԜځ࣬ՏόᡂǶനࡕךॺ൩ૈӭளډѤಔᆶচӃѤಔখӳৡ 45 ࡋ ޑૻဦǴ܌аךॺ൩ԖΑӚ࣬ৡ 45 ࡋޑΖಔ LO ૻဦΑǶ

კ 6.3 ౽ᓎ࣬уᏔႝၡ

ӧ೛ीਔޑԵໆࣁ 45 ࡋ౽ᓎ࣬уᏔॄၩႝߔޑፓ᏾ᒧۓǴ౛ፕ΢ा

Кӕ࣬౽ᓎ࣬уᏔޑॄၩႝߔεD 2७ǴՠࢂࣁΑाளډӳޑ࣬Տྗዴ ࡋǴᔈ၀ाᒧ᏷λޑႝߔᆶλޑႝ඲ᡏǴ܌аӧന٫ϯਔǴDॶ೯த཮ຎ௃

ݩᒧӧ 1 ᆶ ²ϐ໔Ƕႝၡჹ౽ᓎ࣬уᏔ܌ౢғޑߞဦ࣬྽௵གǴ܌а՗ी

ႝၡᇤৡࢂߚதख़ाޑǶ

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

124

ႝၡኳᔕ่݀

m1freq=

phase(a)=-135.1 deg2.850GHz m2 freq=

phase(b)=-45.01 deg2.850GHz

m3freq=

phase(c)=44.93 deg2.850GHz m4freq=

phase(d)=135.0 deg2.850GHz

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

phase(c), deg m3

phase(d), deg

m4

კ 6.4 Ѥ࣬ՏౢғᏔޑኳᔕ

m9time=

ts(I270)=4.207 V105.3psec m11 time=

ts(I270)=4.207 V456.1psec m10time=

ts(Q315)=3.707 V70.18psec m12 time=

ts(Q315)=3.707 V421.1psec

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

0 800

ts(I0), Vts(I180), Vts(I90), Vts(I270), V

m9 m11

ts(Q45), Vts(Q225), Vts(Q135), Vts(Q315), V m10 m12

კ 6.5 Ζ࣬ՏౢғᏔޑኳᔕ

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

კ 6.10 I ᓎၰᙯඤቚ੻ჹ RF ф౗(RF=5.7004GHz; LO=2.85GHz)

m3RF_power=

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

128

m1freq=

dB(S(1,1))=-27.1055.700GHz

2 4 6 8

0 10

-30 -25

-35 -20

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1)) m1

კ 6.12 S11

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

129

კ 6.13 Octet-Phases Subharmonic Mixer Die Photo(2Ø1mm²)

ໆෳਔךॺஒ٬Ҕ NDL ޑ on-wafer ଯᓎໆෳᕉნǶໆෳਔ٬ҔѦௗ

Rat-race ٰౢғךॺ܌ሡޑৡ୏ LO ૻဦǶӵკ 6.13 ࣁ඲ТྣТǴ඲Тޑε λࣁ 2Ø1mm²ǶӢࣁाѳ֡ϩଛߞဦ໺ሀޑၡ৩Ǵ܌аߎឦጕ՞ΑόϿႝၡ ޑय़ᑈǴќѦǴᗋाԵቾΠଞਔଞᆶଞϐ໔ޑӼӄຯᚆǴӢԜԖ೽ϩޑय़ ᑈࢂ೏ໆෳҔޑ Pad ܌੃઻Ƕҁႝၡࡕុໆෳπբஒ੮ࡑ҂ٰᝩុֹԋǶ

LO INPUT

IF OUTPUT DC PAD

RF

INPUT

ಃϤക!!Ζ࣬Տԛᒋݢफ़ᓎషᓎᏔ೛ी!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

130

߄ 6.1 Octet-Phases Subharmonic Mixer ኳᔕᆶໆෳ่݀

Octet-Phases Subharmonic Mixer (GCT 2͢m GaAs HBT)

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^122.6mA@5Vʳ ^mA@5V

Conversion Gain(I)ʳ 22.331@LO:0dBmʳ dB@LO: dBmʳ

Conversion Gain(Q) 22.036@LO:0dBm dB@LO: dBm

Input P1dBʳ ^-15dBmʳ ^dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ -5dBmʳ dBmʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ ^N/Aʳ ^dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ ^N/Aʳ ^dBʳ

RF-IF Isolationʳ ^52dBʳ ^dBʳ

S11ʳ ^-27dBʳ ^dBʳ

ಃΎക!!่ፕ

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

131

ಃΎക!

่ፕ

ӧҁጇፕЎύǴךॺճҔႝᓸႝࢬᙯᏤࢎᄬٰၲԋቨᓎϰଛޑᒡΕ ભǴ೛ीΑӭᅿᔈҔܭคጕ୔∡ᆛၡޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔǶќѦǴճҔፄኧफ़ᓎ

ࢎᄬჴ౜Αڀ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋޑᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔǶ ӧ TSMC 0.35um SiGe BiCMOS ᇙำБय़Ǻ

ֹԋΑ΋ঁճҔӅኳ଑௤ٰ௓ڋӅኳՏྗޑ 5.2GHz फ़ᓎ༾షᓎᏔǶ ჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢ༾షᓎᏔᏱԖ 16dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ66dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ 52dB ޑ LO-RF ႖๊ࡋǵ24dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ-21dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ੻ᓸ ᕭǵ-11dBm ϐ IIP3ǵᆶ 178.5mW (35.7mA@5V) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖࡐ ቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛǶ

ֹԋ΋ঁճҔ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔౢғൂᆄᒡрϐ 5.7GHz ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔǶ ჴᡍ่݀ᆶኳᔕ่݀εठ಄ӝǴჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢషᓎᏔᏱԖ-4dB ޑᙯඤቚ

੻ǵ32dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ40dB ޑ LO-RF ႖๊ࡋǵ46dB ޑ IF-RF ႖๊

ࡋ ǵ -9.5dBm ϐ OP1dB ቚ ੻ ᓸ ᕭ ǵ -1.5dBm ϐ OIP3 ǵ ᆶ 15.18mW ([email protected]) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖࡐቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛǶ

ಃΎക!!่ፕ

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

132

ჴ౜Α΋ঁ᏾ӝ໣ᕴϡҹ Rat-Race ᆶ LC ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑ 5.2GHz ϲᓎ

༾షᓎᏔǶჴᡍ่݀ᆶኳᔕ่݀εठ಄ӝǴჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢషᓎᏔᏱԖ-1dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ37dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ39dB ޑ LO-RF ႖๊ࡋǵ-10dBm ϐ OP1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭǵ-6dBm ϐ OIP3ǵᆶ 37.95mW ([email protected]) ޑф౗੃

઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖࡐቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛǶ

ֹԋΑ΋ঁڀ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋޑ 5.2GHz ᚈ҅ҬѤ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔǶჴᡍ่

݀ᡉҢफ़ᓎᏔӧа 2.7V ᏹբਔǴᏱԖ 1dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ48dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊

ࡋǵ47dB ޑ LO-RF ႖๊ࡋǵ49dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ-19dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ੻

ᓸᕭǵ-9dBm ϐ IIP3ǵᆶ 27mW ([email protected]) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖ 47dB ޑ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋૈΚǶ

ӧ GCT 2.0um GaAs HBT ᇙำБय़Ǻ

ֹԋ΋ঁൂᆄᒡрൂᆄᒡΕޑ 5.2GHz फ़ᓎ༾షᓎᏔǶჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢ

༾షᓎᏔᏱԖ 35dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ27dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ26dB ޑ LO-RF ႖

๊ࡋǵ-17dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ-29dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭǵ-25dBm ϐ IIP3ǵᆶ 675mW (135mA@5V) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖࡐቨޑᒡΕߔלϰ ଛǶ

ֹԋ΋ঁ᏾ӝ໣ᕴϡҹ Rat-Race ᆶൂᆄᒡрൂᆄᒡΕޑ 5.2GHz फ़ᓎ

༾షᓎᏔǶჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢ༾షᓎᏔᏱԖ 27.6dB ޑᙯඤቚ੻ǵ28dB ޑ LO-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ37dB ޑ LO-RF ႖๊ࡋǵ-1dB ޑ RF-IF ႖๊ࡋǵ-22dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ

੻ᓸᕭǵ-17dBm ϐ IIP3ǵᆶ 625mW (125mA@5V) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠ЪڀԖ ࡐቨޑᒡΕߔלϰଛǶ

ୖԵЎ᝘!

[1] K.L. Fong, R.G. Meyer, “Monolithic Active Mixer Design,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 46, no. 3, March 1999, pp. 231~239.

[2] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A 5.2 GHz 16dB Gain CMFB Gilbert Downconversion Mixer Using 0.35µm Deep Trench Isolation SiGe BiCMOS Technology,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., vol. 2, June 2004, pp.

975-978.

[3] B. Gilbert, “The MICROMIXER: A highly linear variant of the Gilbert mixer using a bisymmetric Class-AB input stage,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, pp.

1412-1423, Sept. 1997.

[4] T. H. Wu, C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A 5.7 GHz 0.35µm SiGe HBT Upconversion Micromixer with a Matched Single-ended Passive Current Combiner Output,” European Microwave Week - gallium arsenide and other

semiconductors application symposium (GAAS 2004), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Oct.

2004, pp. 323-326.

[5] T. H. Wu, C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A 5.7 GHz Gilbert

Upconversion Mixer with an LC Current Combiner Output Using 0.35µm SiGe HBT Technology,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E88-C, no. 6, pp. 1267-1270, June 2005.

[6] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and M. C. Lin, “Compact 5.2-GHz GaInP/GaAs HBT Gilbert Upconverter Using Lumped Rat-Race Hybrid and Current Combiner,” accept to be published in IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[7] T. H. Wu, C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A Monolithic SiGe HBT Gilbert Upconverter With LC Current Mirror Load and Lumped-element Rat-race Balun,” submitted to IEICE Trans. Electron.

[8] T. H. Wu, C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A Fully Integrated 5.2 GHz

[9] A. P. Freundorfer and C. Falt, “A Ka-band GaInP/GaAs HBT Double Balanced Upconvert Mixer using Lumped Element Balun,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp.

Dig., vol. 2, pp. 17-21, June 1996.

[10] S.J. Parisi, “A Lumped-Element Rat-Race Coupler,” Applied Microwaves, Aug/Sept 1989, p84

[11] Guillermo Gonzalez, “Microwave transistor amplifiers, analysis and design,”

Chapter 3, 2^nd edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1997.

[12] F. Behbahani, Y. Kishigami, J. Leete, and A. Abidi, “CMOS Mixers and

Polyphase Filters for Large Image Rejection,” IEEE J. of solid-state circuits, vol. 36, no. 6, June 2001.

[13] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A Fully Integrated 5.2 GHz Double Quadrature Image Rejection Gilbert Downconverter Using 0.35 µm SiGe HBT Technology,” European Microwave Week - gallium arsenide and other

semiconductors application symposium (GAAS 2004), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Oct.

2004, pp. 319-322.

[14] K.J. Koh, M.Y. Park, C.S. Kim, “Subharmonically Pumped CMOS Frequency Conversion (Up and Down) Circuits for 2-GHz WCDMA Direct-Conversion

Transceiver,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 871-884, June 2004.

[15] ࡛ࣥࣔ,”୴᙮ٳ܄௽෗᙮ᕴ๻ૠፖኔ܂”,ഏمٌຏՕᖂጚՓᓵ֮, 2004 [16] ݚՕ೛,”෗᙮ᕴፖڍઌۯៀंᕴ”,ഏمխᘋՕᖂጚՓᓵ֮, 2003

[17] J. Durec and E. Main, “A linear class AB single-ended to differential

transconverter suitable for RF circuits,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., vol.

2, June 1996, pp. 1071-1074.

[18] J. Durec, “An integrated silicon bipolar receiver subsystem for 900 MHz ISM band applications,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 1352-1372, Sept. 1998.

[19] J. Crols and M. Steyaert, “Fully Integrated 900 MHz CMOS Double Quadrature Downconverter,” in Proc. ISSCC, session 8.1, San Francisco, Feb. 1995.

[20] J. Crols and M. Steyaert, “A Single-Chip 900 MHz CMOS Receiver Front-End with a High Performance Low-IF Topology,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1483-1492, Dec. 1995.

[21] M. Steyaert, M. Borremans, J. Janssens, B. D. Muer, N. Itoh, J. Craninckx, J.

Crols, E. Morifuji, H. S. Momose and W. Sansen, “A single-chip CMOS transceiver for DCS-1800 wireless communications,” in Proc. ISSCC, San Francisco, Feb. 1998.

[22] B. Gilbert, “A precise four-quadrant multiplier with subnanosecond response,”

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. sc-3 no.4, pp. 365-373, Dec. 1968.

ፕЎว߄ᆶᝡᖻளዛ!

ፕЎว߄

[1] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A 5.2 GHz 16dB Gain CMFB Gilbert Downconversion Mixer Using 0.35µm Deep Trench Isolation SiGe BiCMOS Technology,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., vol. 2, June 2004, pp.

975-978.

[2] T. H. Wu, C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A 5.7 GHz 0.35µm SiGe HBT Upconversion Micromixer with a Matched Single-ended Passive Current Combiner Output,” European Microwave Week - gallium arsenide and other

semiconductors application symposium (GAAS 2004), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Oct.

2004, pp. 323-326.

[3] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A Fully Integrated 5.2 GHz

[3] C. C. Meng, T. H. Wu, T. H. Wu and G.W. Huang, “A Fully Integrated 5.2 GHz

在文檔中 5GHz射頻吉伯特混頻器之設計與實作 (頁 22-0)