่ ่ፕ

аҞ߻܌ளډϐኧᏵǴёᘜયр࠻ϣႩᎦૡλᆘယᙜ኱ྗբ཰ำׇġ (კΜ Β)ǺԾഁѦа೸ܴѲ΍݆௦໣ૡλᆘယᙜԋᙝǴஒځᏤΕϣ֖ૡभϐᆛ᠈ၮӣǴ

܈а୊݄БԄ௦໣ռᆶऩᙝǴаૡᐋᆢ࡭௼ဂࡑځᛙۓǶႩᎦਔ٬ҔૡᐋǴߙЈ εᢲϷߙЈਜ਼ᓪၨߎဖࣁ٫Ƕஒεໆԋᙝ࿼ܭϣ֖ىໆߙЈεᢲ෌ਲ਼܈ځ΋ЈΟ ယც޵ϐ৒ᏔǴڗளӕ΋Ϻ܌ౢΠޑռǴஒ஥Ԗռޑૡ޵୊ΠකΕක޸ੇᆟߥᔸǴ ჯϯࣁऩᙝࡕஒځௗԿ଼நૡᐋ܈ૡभ΢ႩػԿԋᙝǴख़ፄ຾ՉڗռϷႩػၸำǴ аಕᑈى୼ໆऩᙝаញܫԿҖ໔Ƕӧ 28ºC аΠਔǴႩᎦᕉნྕࡋຫଯǴऩᙝว ػයຫอǶӧԋऩᙝஏࡋၸଯǵ΋ЈΟယϣԋऩᙝၸࡋ໣ύਔǴ܈޵ัр౜๺঒

ਔ୊Πც޵຾Չඤ᠈Ǵ٬Ҕၸޑૡᐋ܈ૡभаమНؑࢱᑈܭယ߄ϐᇋ៛Ǵ٠ྣ΋

૓ૡᐋᄍՉਭ୻ᆅ౛БԄ຾ՉࡼޥϷ୊݄٬ځࡠൺғౢΚǶటࡼܫယᙜ߻ъϺԏ

໣٠୊ΠႩᎦᕉნύૡᐋ΋ЈΟယც޵Ǵ٠ܡѺ৒Ꮤϣૡᐋ܈ૡभ٬ԋᙝ०ᚆႩ Ꭶ෌ਲ਼Ǵஒ܌Ԗ෌ਲ਼౽рႩػ৒Ꮤࡕ৒Ꮤϣ໻੮ယᙜԋᙝϷऩᙝǶܭమఃϤਔԿ Ζਔૡ༜໔ယᙜࢲ୏ঁᡏၨϿਔࡼܫယᙜǶġ

ନ௖૸ႩᎦБݤѦǴ஌Ьጄൎᆶ፾ᔈ܄ࣴزϐ่݀Ǵ܈ёගٮԾᔼૡၭբࣁ ᆅ౛ૡλᆘယᙜ௼ဂϐচ߾ǺૡλᆘယᙜӢ஌ЬጄൎቶǴӧૡ༜຾Չٛݯਔёૈ

཮ᎂ౽ډૡ༜ڬൎځд஌Ь΢ǴӢԜٛݯૡ༜ϣယᙜ߻ࡕΨᔈӕਔమନڬൎယᙜ ϐ஌Ь෌ނც޵Ǵа؃ၲډനεਏ݀ǹԶటᇙբқడਜ਼ᓪૡਔǴ྽ۑૡ༜ऩ٬Ҕ ယᙜ஌Ь෌ނ଺ࣁӦ೏܈໔բ෌ނǴ܈೚ჹယᙜڀԖᇨЇϷගٮၧᙒ෈Ӧϐਏ݀Ǵ ԿϿ٬ယᙜόԿᎂ०дೀǶġ

җܭယᙜႩᎦࢬำύ೽ϩ౟ᓍۘ҂ँઇǴҁࣴزЬाԑӧගٮࡌҥૡλᆘယ ᙜჴᡍ࠻ࠔسϐբ཰ࢬำϷ౛ፕǴගрࡌ᝼ᆶགྷݤǴࣁஒٰ׳຾΋؁ޑמೌँઇ ගٮ౛ፕ୷ᘵǶऩ҂ٰૈ໒วૡλᆘယᙜϐΓπႩ਑ǵΓπౢռϟ፦฻Ǵ܈ࡌҥ

ౢռזೲЪౢໆӭϐჴᡍ࠻ࠔسǴЪૈ٬ࡼܫϐယᙜ፾ᔈૡ༜ᕉნǴ҂ٰᔈૈԖ

ਏճҔ٠ࡼܫܭҖ໔Ǵගଯқడਜ਼ᓪૡϐࠔ፦Ǵቚуځѱ൑ሽॶᆶᝡݾΚǴࣁқ డਜ਼ᓪૡӧШࣚଯભૡౢࠔύݾள΋ৢϐӦǶ

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კ კ

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

კ΋ǵૡλᆘယᙜǶ(A) ԋᙝǶ(B) Ҭ׀Ƕ(C) ϖសऩᙝǶ(D) ΋សᆶΒសऩᙝǶ Fig. 1. Different stages of Jacobiasca formosana. (A) Adult. (B) Mating pair. (C) 5^th

instar nymph. (D) 1^stand 2^nd instar nymphs.

(A)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (B)

(C)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (D)

(E)

კΒǵૡλᆘယᙜᅿྍ௦໣Ƕ(A) аѲ΍݆ᆶᆛ᠈௦໣Ƕ(B) ᐩӀᇨ໣ԋᙝǶ(C) а֎ᙝᆅ௦໣Ƕ(D) ௟ᆛ௦໣Ƕ(E) όӕ௦໣БԄ௦ӣ΋ϺࡕယᙜӸࢲ౗Ƕ Fig. 2. Different collecting methods for Jacobiasca formosana. (A) Pooter. (B) Light trap. (C) Sweep net. (D) Plastic cup and cage. (E) Survival rate of leafhopper among different colleting methods.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

΋ϺࡕӸࢲ౗!

კΟǵаϣ֖ૡभ஌ЬϐಒથᆛႩᎦ᠈ᆢ࡭ယᙜ௼ဂ٠຾Չ၂ᡍǶ Fig. 3. Rearing devices of J. formosana.

კѤǵԾ 2011 ԃ 12 ДԿ 2012 ԃ 12 ДЗч঵ᆶҡ☇ૡλᆘယᙜ௼ဂ੃ߏፓ

่ࢗ݀Ƕ໵Յጂᓐ߄Ң྽ਔૡၭ௦ૡǶ!

Fig. 4. Population dynamic of J. formosana in Beipu Township (red) and Shiding District (blue). Black arrows indicate the tea bud harvesting periods.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Dec. Jan. Fab. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

ኧໆ!(ଫ)

Дҽ!

ҡ☇!

ч঵!

(A)

(B)

კϖǵҖ໔ૡλᆘယᙜࢲ୏௃׎ፓࢗǶ(A) ໳Յᗹᙝર΢ޑૡλᆘယᙜǶ(B) ೱ

ុ 24 λਔૡ༜ϣࢲ୏ယᙜኧໆǶభᙔՅ୔༧߄Ңफ़ߘය໔Ƕ

Fig. 5. Study of active periods of J. formosana in tea garden. (A) J. formosana on yellow sticky paper (red circle). (B) Number of active J. formosana individuals in 24 hours. Blue blocks indicate rainfall periods.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

22 24 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

ૡλᆘယᙜኧໆ(ଫ)

ਔ໔ (ਔ)

(A)

(B)

(C)

კϤǵૡλᆘယᙜࢲ୏ᆶᕉნӢη࣬ᜢ܄Ƕ(A) ᆶᕉნྕࡋჹྣǶ(B) ᆶᕉნ࣬

ჹྒྷࡋჹྣǶ(C)ᆶᕉნྣࡋჹྣǶ

Fig. 6. Relationship between number of active J. formosana and environmental factors in tea plantation. (A) Temperature. (B) Relative humidity. (C) Illuminance.

კΎǵૡλᆘယᙜሟᙝܭόӕ஌Ь΢ϐტڮǶӕमЎӷ҆ж߄҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ Fig. 7. Longevity of female adults of J. formosana on different hosts. The same

English letter means no significant difference.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ૡᐋ! ⣽ഞ! ޸ғ! ጭ޸ғ!

ሟԋᙝტڮ(Ϻ)

a ab

b b

(A)

Fig. 8. Host preference studies of J. formosana. (A) 5 hosts. (B) 2 among 3 most preference hosts. (C) Different cultivars of most preference host: tea plant. The same English letter means no significant difference.

0

კΐǵׯᡂૡλᆘယᙜ஌Ь၂ᡍ่݀ǶӕमЎӷ҆ж߄҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

Fig. 9. Comparison of survival rate among change host species and maintain the same host during nymph period. Mechanical injury during transfer was also compared. The same English letter means no significant difference.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

ჹྣ! ඤ஌Ь! ౽୏!

Գϯ౗!

⣽ഞ!

޸ғ ጭ޸ғ!

a a

a

a

b

a

a

b

b

(A)

(B)

კΜǵૡλᆘယᙜሟᙝౢռଯঢ়ය၂ᡍ่݀Ƕ(A) ಕᑈռኧКٯǶ(B) όӕሟᙝ

ౢռВសᆶࡕжԳϯ౗ᜢ߯Ƕ

Fig. 10. Female reproducing periods studies of J. formosana. (A) Egg laying rate compare to female age. (B) Relationship between female egg laying age and survival rate of offspring.

0%

კΜ΋ǵࡼܫૡλᆘယᙜܭभলϐ่݀Ƕ

Fig. 11. Recorded J. formosana population number and percentage of injury tea bud after release.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

0 4 6 9

ࣁ্Кٯ!

ယᙜኧໆ(ଫ)

ࡼܫࡕϺኧ!

ယᙜኧໆ ࣁ্Кٯ

კΜΒǵૡλᆘယᙜεໆႩᎦ኱ྗբ཰ำׇǶ!

Fig. 12. Standard operating procedure of mass rearing J. formosana.

௦໣ယᙜ

௼ဂᆢ࡭

ڗռϷჯϯ

ஒऩᙝௗԿӦ

ਭ܈ࣧਭૡभ ඤ᠈

ԏ໣ԋᙝ

Җ໔ࡼܫ ႩᎦऩᙝ

׳ඤཥૡभ

߄ ߄

߄΋ǵૡλᆘယᙜҖ໔஌Ьጄൎፓ่ࢗ݀!

Table 1. Host range study of J. formosana

෌ނ ஏࡋ(ଫ/

؂ਲ਼෌ނ) ෌ނ ஏࡋ(ଫ/؂

ਲ਼෌ނ) ෌ނ ஏࡋ(ଫ/؂

ਲ਼෌ނ) ૡᐋ (ߙ

Јεᢲ) 32.33 ढഞ 0 ๼ل 0.12

ૡᐋ (ߙ

Јਜ਼ᓪ) 13.5 ⣽ഞ 13.41 ޸ل 0

ਬᐋ 0 ᙝ࠿ 0 ࣤࡆل 0.2

ᖗᖚ 0 ᡂယЕ 0 ޸ғ* 0

ξឮ޸ 0 ࢔ᐊᐋ 0 ጭ޸ғ 0.33

ਲᐋ 0.33 नη 0 Җ๭* 0

ාᐋ* 0 ਦԮ 0 ߓࠁୌ 0

ؽ૛ 0 ε޸ࠍᙦ

૛ 0 ๋޸㍚३ᖜ 0

*ፓࢗӦᗺᚆന߈ૡ༜ޔጕຯᚆຬၸ 1 kmǶ

߄Βǵૡλᆘယᙜӧόӕ஌Ь΢ϐಕжӸࢲ౗ᆶሟᙝტڮġ

Table 2. Survival rate and female longevity of J. formosana on different hosts

஌Ь ಕжӸࢲ౗ (%) ሟᙝტڮ (Ϻ)

ૡᐋ 40– 80 20.87 ± 10.16ab*

⣽ഞ 40– 50 13.53 ± 8.60b

ढഞ 0

-ਬᐋ 0

-޸ғ 10– 50 22.53 ± 12.54a

ጭ޸ғ 20– 50 14.13 ± 7.71b

ࣤࡆل 20– 40

-๼ل < 10

-ਲᐋ 0

-*ӕमЎӷ҆ж߄҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

߄ΟǵૡλᆘယᙜӧόӕྕࡋϷૡᐋࠔᅿ΢Ӛวػය࿶ᐕਔ໔!

Table 3. Developmental period of J. formosana at different temperature and on different tea cultivars

ૡᐋࠔᅿ0ྕࡋ! 28ºC 25ºC 22ºC

߄ѤǵૡλᆘယᙜӧόӕྕࡋϷૡᐋࠔᅿ΢วػ܌ሡਔ໔ᆶӚวػයӸࢲ౗!

Table 4. Developmental period and survival rate of J. formosana at different temperature and on different tea cultivars

ૡᐋࠔᅿ0ྕࡋ! 28ºC 25ºC 22ºC

ߙЈ εᢲ!

Egg-Adult 18.67 ± 0.10 20.45 ± 0.02 23.77 ± 0.20 Nymph 11.88 ± 0.04 12.85 ± 0.06 15.1 ± 0.16 Survival rate

(egg) 81.82% ± 4.23% 67.06% ± 15.20% 66.25% ± 2.63%

Survival rate

(nymph) 68.37% ± 12.42% 74.66% ± 5.40% 77.41% ± 19.57%

Survival rate 55.88% ± 9.91% 49.69 ± 9.40% 51.43% ± 13.70%

ߙЈ ਜ਼ᓪ!

Egg-Adult 18.44 ± 0.20 20.3 ± 0.40 23.69 ± 0.24 Nymph 11.96 ± 0.12 12.78 ± 0.28 15.16 ± 0.10 Survival rate

(egg) 71.47% ± 12.94% 69.53% ± 7.52% 61.72% ± 10.00%

Survival rate

(nymph) 74.15% ± 18.65% 80.98% ± 5.22% 80.29% ± 4.88%

Survival rate 52.96% ± 15.63% 56.56% ± 9.48% 49.70% ± 9.55%

ߎဖ!

Egg-Adult 19.71 ± 0.18 20.74 ± 0.23 23.92 ± 0.14 Nymph 12.66 ± 0.07 13.23 ± 0.16 15.22 ± 0.06 Survival rate

(egg) 68.50% ± 8.15% 57.23% ± 2.73% 60.42% ± 5.51%

Survival rate

(nymph) 64.60% ± 6.67% 72.22% ± 4.81% 66.72% ± 20.83%

Survival rate

(total) 43.89% ± 0.50% 41.26% ± 1.46% 40.56% ± 13.57%

ߕ

ߕᒵ΋ǵШࣚᆶᆵ᡼ޑૡယౢໆ

Appendix I. World and Taiwan tea production. (A) World production. (B) Taiwan production and yielding area.

(A)Шࣚૡౢໆ

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

ౢໆ(ϦᏒ)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ԃҽ!

ߕ

ߕᒵΒǵᆵ᡼ٛݯૡλᆘယᙜᛰᏊᅿᜪϷ٬ҔБݤ

Appendix II. Chemicals for controlling J. formosana in Taiwan (Wang et al., 2012)

ᛰᏊӜᆀ ؂Ϧഘ (Buprofezin + Deltamethrin)

(Cyfluthrin) 0.5Ϧϲ 2,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 9.6%੻ၲữྋన

(Imidacloprid) 0.35Ϧϲ 3,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ

ߕᒵΒ (ុ) 2.8%౥޹ჱ٢Ꮚ

(Bifenthrin) 0.5Ϧϲ 2,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 3%٥ྐჱН୷٢Ꮚ

(Alphacypermethrin) 1Ϧϲ 1,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 3%٥ྐჱ٢Ꮚ

(Alphacypermethrin) 1Ϧϲ 1,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ

(Fenpropathrin) 0.5Ϧϲ 2,000 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 5%ៈᖻჱྋన

(Flucythrinate) 0.625Ϧϲ 1,600 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ

ߕᒵΒ (ុ)

40.64%уߥןНᝌ Ꮚ

(Carbofuran)

1.25Ϧϲ 800 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 10%ऍЎ݊٢Ꮚ

(Mevinphos) 1.5Ϧϲ 650-750 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ 10%ऍЎ݊ྋన

(Mevinphos) 1.5Ϧϲ 650-750 ๴޵߃ය্ᙝวғਔ

ࡼᛰǶ

ߕ

ߕᒵΟǵΟᅿૡ༜λᆘယᙜ׎ᄊ੝ቻКၨ

Appendix III. Morphological characters among three different tea leafhopper species (Chiang, 1989; Zhao et al., 2000)

Ꮤ۔ ଷ౳λᆘယᙜ

߻વ (Fore wings)

໻Ԗ΋ঁഗેҗύ࠻

Πғ෗݈ (Subgenital plate)

ೱ઩ (Connective) ߈ఊ׎ǴࡕጔύѧпΕ

ԋٿᛐރ ߈ఊ׎ǴࡕጔคпΕ ߈ఊ׎ǴࡕጔύѧпΕ

ᖊႋ (Anal hook) ៑Θރ៻Ԕ ߻ᆄಒӾǴ߈ޔف៻Ԕ ܬᓐރ

在文檔中 臺灣地區茶小綠葉蟬 (半翅目：葉蟬科) 大量飼養與施放之潛力 (頁 41-71)