䫔⚃䪈ġ 䞼䨞䳸㝄
⛐ 2005 濜ˬ⚳㮹姒⓷㙐喍䈑潰䓐婧㞍˭⭞㇞朊姒婧㞍冯喍䈑㾓䓐ᷳ悐↮
屯瀌忚灖㫉䳂屯瀌↮㜸ᷕ炻㚨⼴↮㜸䘬㧋㛔䁢 6087 Ṣˤ㛔䪈⮯憅⮵ 6087 ⎵䓟⿏
䘬↮㜸䳸㝄↮ㆸḼ⮷䭨Ἦ⏰䎦烉(1)㧋㛔䈡岒䘬㍷徘炻⊭⏓Ṣ⎋⬠嬲枭ˣ䣦䴻⛘ỵˣ
䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎ẍ⍲䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐✳ン䘬㍷徘ˣ(2)䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐✳ンˣ(3) 䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢ᷳ斄Ὢˣ(4)䉨ンˣ䞍嬀⍲ン⹎冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐
ᷳ斄Ὢˣ(5)ᶵ⎴䣦䴻⛘ỵᷳ䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐✳ンˣ(6)㩊夾䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎⛐
䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ攻㈖㺼䘬奺刚ˣ(7)䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢佌橼ᷳᾳṢ䈡 岒炻⊭⏓⸜漉ˣ䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎⍲䣦䴻⛘ỵˤ
䫔ᶨ䭨 㧋㛔䈡岒㍷徘
⛐㧋㛔䈡岒㍷徘㕡朊炻⮯⊭㊔Ṣ⎋⬠䈡岒冯䣦䴻⛘ỵˣ䉨ン⍲䞍嬀冯ン
⹎ẍ⍲䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ね⼊忁ᶱ⣏悐↮ˤ
ᶨˣġṢ⎋⬠䈡岒冯䣦䴻⛘ỵ
⛐忁 6087 ỵ䓟⿏⍿姒侭ᷕ炻⎬⸜漉Ⰼ䘬㧋㛔↮Ựⶖᶵ⣂炻ẍ 25-34 㬚庫⣂(25.0
%)炻35-44 㬚㫉ᷳ(24.3%)炻55-64 㬚㚨⮹(11.9%)烊⛐⯭ỷ⛘㕡朊炻ẍỷ⛐澱悐䘬Ṣ Ỽ瀈㚨⣏悐↮(43.4 %)炻℞㫉㗗ỷ⛐ᷕ悐(25.9 %)烊⛐䣦䴻⛘ỵ䘬悐↮炻借㤕ẍ䫔 ɞ䳂借㤕(⋲㈨埻ˣ朆㈨埻ⶍṢ)⯭⣂(17.9%)炻䫔ɜ䳂(⋲⮰㤕Ṣ⒉ˣᶨ凔℔⊁Ṣ⒉) 㫉ᷳ(15.3%)烊㔁做䦳灏ẍ檀ᷕ借䔊㤕⯭⣂(31.5 %)炻⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ㫉ᷳ(30.6 %)炻⤪
29
堐 4-1 䣢ˤ
Ḵˣġ䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ね⼊
⛐䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐✳ン䘬悐↮(夳堐 4-2)炻⊭⏓⏠厠炻梚惺炻♤梇㩛㤼炻╅㍸䤆 梚㕁炻┉炻勞䫱ℕ䧖䱦䤆䈑岒䘬ἧ䓐ね⼊ˤ
䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ね⼊炻⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ♤㩛㤼ˣ╅㍸䤆梚㕁䘮ẍᶵ㚦ἧ䓐Ỽ㚨⣂
(44.5%ˣ44.4%ˣ70.6%ˣ67.8%)烊╅┉ẍ㭷忙 1 㫉ẍᶳㆾ⼰⮹╅㚨⣂(34.2%)ˣ
╅勞⇯㗗ẍ㭷⣑ㆾ⸦᷶㭷⣑╅Ỽ㚨⣂(35.9%)ˤ
ᶱˣġ䉨ン⍲䞍嬀冯ン⹎
䉨ン䘬悐↮(夳堐 4-3)炻冒奢㕡朊ẍ娵䁢⤥䘬Ỽ庫⣂(32.3%)烊䓇䎮
㕡朊炻㚱ㄊ⿏䕭侭Ỽ 35.2%烊⽫䎮㕡朊炻ẍ⼰⮹デ⇘䵲⻝ˣ⼰⮹デ⇘㱖╒ˣ
⼰⮹デ⇘ぞぞᶵ㦪⍲ㄪ櫙ˣ⣏悐↮㗪攻悥⽫ね⸛朄ˣ⣏悐↮㗪攻悥デ⇘⾓㦪㚨⣂
(35.1%ˣ40.3%ˣ39.3%ˣ36.5%ˣ33.7%)烊㳣≃䘬悐↮ẍ⣏悐↮㗪攻悥⃭㺧㳣≃ˣ
⣏悐↮㗪攻悥䱦≃⃭㱃ˣ⼰⮹䫳䕚≃䪕ˣ㚱㗪῁デ奢⼰䳗㚨⣂(34.0%ˣ33.3%ˣ 37.2%ˣ33.9%)ˤ
䞍嬀冯ン⹎䘬悐↮(夳堐 4-4)炻䞍嬀㬋䡢Ỽ 42.8%烊ン⹎㬋䡢Ỽ 88.2%ˤ栗䣢㧋 㛔⮵㕤㩛㤼⌛ἧᶵ⏓㶣≈䈑ḇ℟农䗴⿏䘬䞍嬀ῷỶ炻侴⮵㕤䤩㬊冒⫸⤛♤梇㩛 㤼䘬ン⹎⇯ῷ檀ˤ
30
䫔
䫔Ḵ䭨 䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐✳ン
㍷徘⬴㧋㛔䈡岒⼴炻㛔䭨⊭⏓Ḯℕ䧖䱦䤆䈑岒䘬䚠斄↮㜸炻㩊夾䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ 䓐ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄⿏ˤ
ẍ Spearman 䚠斄㩊夾⎬䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ(夳堐 4-5)䘤䎦ẍᶳ䈡 溆炻䚠斄㚨⻟䘬ἧ䓐埴↢䎦㕤⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ♤㩛㤼ˣ梚䓐㍸䤆梚㕁忁⚃枭䱦䤆䈑 岒ἧ䓐埴䁢炻℞ᷕẍ⏠厠♤㩛㤼䘬᷎⬀⿏㚨檀ˤ℞⮎⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ♤㩛㤼ᷳ攻 䘬䚠斄⿏㖑䡢䩳炻⍵Ὰ㗗㍸䤆梚㕁䘬梚䓐冯㬌ᶱ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐⏰䎦㬋䚠斄炻 栗䣢╅㍸䤆梚㕁冯忁ṃ埴䁢ᷳ攻㚱᷎⬀䘬斄Ὢˤ堐 4-5 䘬屯㕁栗䣢炻ẍ㍸䤆梚㕁侴 妨炻℞冯梚惺䘬᷎⬀⿏㚨檀炻♤梇㩛㤼㫉ᷳ炻冯╅┉㚨Ỷˤ╅勞冯⏠厠ˣ梚惺
⍲╅┉ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄⿏ḇ栗䣢㬌⚃枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢⏰᷎⬀䘬斄Ὢ炻℞ᷕ勞冯
┉ᷳ梚䓐䘬᷎⬀⿏㚨檀炻冯⏠厠℞㫉ˤ侴╅┉冯⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ㍸䤆梚㕁ᷳ攻 ḇ℟䚠斄⿏炻℞ᷕ冯㍸䤆梚㕁䘬᷎⬀⿏㚨檀ˤ
䫔ᶱ䭨 䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ斄Ὢ
ℵἮ㩊夾㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天䘬冒嬲枭冯ὅ嬲枭ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ 䓐↮Ựね⼊ˤ⛐忁悐↮䘬↮㜸ᷕ炻⎬枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬㷔慷悥↮栆䁢䃉ἧ䓐ˣ Ỷἧ䓐ˣ檀ἧ䓐ᶱ䧖䦳⹎ˤ
ᶨˣġ借㤕
椾⃰㗗借㤕冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⤪堐 4-6 䣢炻㔜橼侴妨炻借㤕冯
31
㚱䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ䘮忼䴙妰ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ℞ᷕ⏠厠ẍ䫔ɞ䳂借㤕㚨⣂
(53.9%)炻ᶼ借㤕䫱䳂崲Ỷἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀烊梚惺ẍ䫔ɝ䳂借㤕㚨⣂(20.0%)烊♤㩛㤼 ẍ䫔ɞ䳂借㤕㚨⣂(23.3%)炻ᶼ晐借㤕䫱䳂崲Ỷἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀烊╅㍸䤆梚㕁ẍ䫔ɝ 䳂借㤕㚨⣂(29.7%)炻ᶼ晐借㤕䫱䳂崲Ỷἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀烊╅┉ẍ䫔ɚ䳂借㤕㚨⣂
(43.4%)炻ᶼ晐借㤕䫱䳂崲檀℞ἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀烊╅勞ẍ䫔ɜ䳂借㤕侭ἧ䓐㚨⣂
(44.6%)ˤ
䓙堐 4-6 䘤䎦炻厠ˣ惺ˣ㩛㤼冯㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐侭普ᷕ⛐借㤕䫱䳂庫Ỷ䘬㕷佌烊
┉䘬ἧ䓐侭⇯普ᷕ⛐借㤕䫱䳂ῷ檀䘬㕷佌烊勞䘬ἧ䓐侭⇯⸛⛯↮Ự⛐⎬借㤕䫱 䳂ˤ
Ḵˣġ㔁做䦳⹎
㍍ᶳἮ㗗㔁做䦳⹎冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⤪堐 4-6 䣢炻㔜橼侴妨炻㔁 做䦳⹎冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ䘮忼⇘䴙妰⬠ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘ˤ℞ᷕ⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ♤㩛 㤼⍲╅㍸䤆梚㕁炻䘮ẍ⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ䘬⍿姒侭ἧ䓐㚨⣂炻↮⇍䁢 54.6%ˣ30.3%ˣ 23.1%ˣ25.2%炻ᶼ晐㔁做䦳⹎䘬ᶳ旵侴ἧ䓐㭼ἳḇ崲檀烊╅┉ẍ⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ㔁 做䦳⹎侭㚨⣂(43.7%)炻ᶼ晐㔁做䦳⹎ᶳ旵ἧ䓐㭼ἳḇᶳ旵烊╅勞⇯ẍ檀ᷕ借㚨⣂
(37.9%)炻冯㔁做䦳⹎攻庫䃉昶㡗⺷䘬斄Ὢˤ
堐 4-6 栗䣢炻㔜橼侴妨炻厠ˣ惺ˣ㩛㤼冯㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐侭普ᷕ⛐㔁做䦳⹎庫 Ỷᷳ㕷佌炻┉䘬ἧ䓐侭普ᷕ⛐㔁做䦳⹎ῷ檀䘬㕷佌烊勞䘬ἧ䓐侭⇯⸛⛯↮Ự⛐
⎬㔁做䦳⹎ˤ
32
䫔
䫔⚃䭨 䉨ンˣ䞍嬀⍲ン⹎冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ斄Ὢ
㍷徘䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䈑岒ἧ䓐攻䘬斄Ὢ⼴炻㍍ᶳἮ㩊夾䞼䨞㝞㥳ᷳᷕṳ嬲枭冯䈑 岒ἧ䓐夳䘬斄Ὢˤ
ᶨˣġ䉨ン
堐 4-7 ⏰䎦䉨ン冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ね⼊ˤẍ冒奢Ἦ婒炻㔜橼侴妨炻冒奢
冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ忼䴙妰⬠ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘炻℞ᷕ⏠厠ˣ♤㩛㤼冯╅㍸䤆梚 㕁炻䘮ẍ冒奢㘖忂/ᶵ⤥侭ἧ䓐䦳⹎㚨檀炻ὅ㫉䁢 42.7%ˣ14.4%ˣ17.2%ˤ⛐
┉⍲勞䘬ἧ䓐㕡朊炻ẍ冒奢㤝⤥/⼰⤥侭ἧ䓐䦳⹎㚨檀炻檀ἧ䓐侭ὅ㫉䁢 39.3%ˣ37.5%炻ᶼ⣏农晐叿冒奢崲⤥ἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀ˤ
㗗⏎か㚱ㄊ⿏䕭⎒㚱⛐冯ἧ䓐┉ˣ勞忁ℑ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ᶲ忼䴙妰⬠ᶲ栗叿ⶖ 䔘炻侴⛐⏠厠ˣ梚惺ˣ♤㩛㤼冯㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐䦳⹎ⶖ䔘ᶵ⣏烊䃉ㄊ⿏䕭侭┉
䘬ἧ䓐䦳⹎庫檀炻ᶼ檀ἧ䓐侭䁢 36.7%炻䚠⮵㕤㚱ㄊ⿏䕭侭䘬 33.0%炻㚱ㄊ⿏䕭侭 勞䘬ἧ䓐䦳⹎庫檀炻檀ἧ䓐侭䁢 38.2%炻䚠⮵㕤䃉ㄊ⿏䕭侭䘬 34.7%ˤ
㳣≃冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ炻⛐ἧ䓐㍸䤆梚㕁ˣ┉冯勞忼⇘䴙妰⬠ᶲ栗叿 ⶖ䔘炻℞ᷕ㳣≃崲ⶖ侭崲ῷ⎹ἧ䓐厠⍲㍸䤆梚㕁炻侴㳣≃崲Ἓ侭炻崲ῷ⎹ἧ䓐勞烊
⽫䎮冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ炻⛐ἧ䓐惺ˣ㩛㤼ˣ㍸䤆梚㕁ˣ┉冯勞䘮忼䴙 妰⬠ᶲ栗叿ⶖ䔘炻℞ᷕ⽫䎮庫ⶖ侭崲ῷ⎹ἧ䓐惺ˣ㩛㤼冯㍸䤆梚㕁烊厠冯
┉䘬ἧ䓐侭⸛⛯↮Ự⛐⎬⽫䎮䦳⹎烊侴⽫䎮崲Ἓ侭崲ῷ⎹ἧ䓐勞梚ˤ
33
Ḵˣġ䞍嬀冯ン⹎
䞍嬀昌┉冯勞ᷳ⢾厠ˣ惺ˣ㩛㤼⍲㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐䘮⏰䎦栗叿䚠斄炻ᶼ 䞍嬀ᶵ㬋䡢侭ἧ䓐㭼ἳ崲檀ˤ侴⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻ン⹎ℕ枭䱦䤆䈑岒䘬ἧ䓐Ṏ⏰䎦 栗叿䚠斄炻ン⹎ᶵ㬋䡢侭ἧ䓐厠ˣ惺ˣ㩛㤼ˣ㍸䤆梚㕁ẍ⍲勞䘬㭼ἳḇ崲檀(夳堐 4-8)ˤ
䫔
䫔Ḽ䭨 ᶵ⎴䣦㚫Ⰼ䳂ᷕ炻䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ
⛐Ḯ妋䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ炻ẍ⍲䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎⚈䳈冯 䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢᷳ⼴炻㛔䭨㍍叿㍊妶⛐ᶵ⎴借㤕冯㔁做䦳⹎䘬╖ᶨ㫉㧋㛔
ᷕ炻䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬䚠Ḻ斄Ὢ䁢ỽ炻ẍ㬌↮Ⰼ↮㜸⼿ᷳ䳸㝄⏰䎦㕤堐 4-9 ⍲ 4-10
ᶨˣġ借㤕
ẍ借㤕↮ⰌἮ㩊夾(夳堐 4-9)炻䃉婾借㤕䫱䳂䁢ỽ炻䘤䎦⏠厠ˣ♤㩛㤼ˣ梚惺
⍲㍸䤆梚㕁ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄㚨⻟炻䈡⇍㗗⏠厠冯♤㩛㤼攻㚜㗗⤪㬌ˤẍ㍸䤆梚㕁Ἦ婒炻
⬫冯⏠厠䘬斄Ὢ㚨⻙炻侴冯梚惺⍲♤㩛㤼䘬䚠斄庫⻟ˤ军㕤┉冯勞炻ᶵỮℑ侭 攻䘬斄Ὢ䚠⮵⽖⻙炻ᶼ冯℞Ṿ䈑岒ἧ䓐攻䘬斄Ὢ䘮ᶵ⻟炻㭼庫ᶨ农䘬㗗炻昌Ḯ借 㤕䫱䳂ɞᷳ⢾炻┉冯厠䘮㚱忼䴙妰栗叿㯜㸾䘬⻙䚠斄(0.08-0.15)ˤ
劍ẍᶵ⎴䘬借㤕Ⰼ䳂Ἦ䚳炻㍸䤆梚㕁⛐䫔ɝˣɞ䫱庫ỶⰌ䳂冯梚惺㚱㚨⻟䘬 䚠斄炻↮⇍䁢 0.44 冯 0.36(p<0.001)ˤ╅勞⛐䫔ɝˣɞ䫱庫ỶⰌ䳂冯⏠厠㛒忼䴙妰 栗叿㯜㸾ˤ
34
Ḵˣġ㔁做䦳⹎
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎↮ⰌἮ㩊夾(夳堐 4-10)炻䃉婾㔁做䦳⹎䁢ỽ炻䘤䎦⏠厠ˣ♤㩛㤼ˣ 梚惺⍲㍸䤆梚㕁ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄ṵ䵕㊩ᶨ农㬋䚠斄炻⛐⏠厠冯♤㩛㤼攻ḇ㗗⤪㬌ˤẍ
㍸䤆梚㕁Ἦ婒炻⬫冯⏠厠䘬斄Ὢ㚨⻙炻侴冯梚惺⍲♤㩛㤼䘬䚠斄庫⻟ˤ军㕤┉
冯勞炻ℑ侭攻䘬斄Ὢ⡆⻟炻Ữṵ䚠⮵⽖⻙ˤᶵ婾㔁做䦳⹎䁢ỽ炻┉冯厠䘮㚱忼 䴙妰⬠栗叿㯜㸾䘬䚠斄炻冯℞Ṿ䈑岒ἧ䓐攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⛐㔁做䦳⹎⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ㚨ᶵ 㖶栗炻勞冯㍸䤆梚㕁䓂军⏰䎦栗叿屈䚠斄-0.08(p<0.001)ˤ
劍ẍᶵ⎴䘬㔁做䦳⹎Ἦ䚳炻㍸䤆梚㕁⛐㔁做䦳⹎䁢檀ᷕ借ˣ⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ冯梚 惺㚱㚨⻟䘬䚠斄炻↮⇍ 0.38 冯 0.36(p<0.001)ˤ
䫔
䫔ℕ䭨 ᷕṳ嬲枭䘬槿嫱
⛐堐 4-7 䉨ン冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬暁嬲枭䚠斄↮㜸䔞ᷕ䘤䎦炻ㄊ⿏䕭冯䱦䤆 䈑岒䘬䚠斄⿏ᶵ檀炻㓭⛐㍍ᶳἮᷕṳ嬲枭䘬槿嫱ᷕ⮯ㄊ⿏䕭忁ᾳ嬲枭㌺昌炻⃰䚳 㔜橼䉨㱩ᶳ䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎ℕ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ炻ℵ↮⇍ẍ借㤕ˣ 㔁做䦳⹎↮Ⰼ炻㩊夾䉨ンˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎炻⛐䣦䴻⛘ỵ冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐斄Ὢᷕ
㈖㺼䘬奺刚炻䳸㝄↮徘⤪ᶳ烉
ᶨˣġ㔜橼ね㱩
⛐㔜橼ね㱩䘬悐↮(夳堐 4-11)炻⣏农ᶲἮ䚳炻冒奢冯㳣≃冯┉勞䘬ἧ 䓐㚱斄烊侴⽫䎮ˣ䞍嬀冯ン⹎⇯冯厠ˣ惺ˣ㩛㤼ˣ㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐㚱斄炻℞
35
ᷕ厠冯㩛㤼䘬ἧ䓐㚫⍿⇘冒奢䘬⼙枧烊惺冯㍸䤆梚㕁䘬ἧ䓐ḇ㚫⍿⽫䎮
䘬⼙枧ˤ
Ḵˣġẍ借㤕↮Ⰼ
1. ⏠厠烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊䞍嬀⼙枧⛐䫔ɚˣ ɞ䳂ṵ䁢栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧ᶵ婾⛐ỽ借㤕䫱䳂䘮䁢栗叿(夳堐 4-12)ˤ 2. 梚惺烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦⽫䎮䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧ᶵ婾
⛐ỽ借㤕䫱䳂䘮䁢栗叿炻℞ᷕ⮵䫔ɚ䳂䘬⼙枧㚨⣏(夳堐 4-12)ˤ 3. ♤㩛㤼烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢冯䞍嬀䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙
枧昌Ḯ䫔ɜ䳂ᷳ⢾䘮䁢栗叿炻℞ᷕ⮵䫔ɚ䳂䘬⼙枧㚨⣏(夳堐 4-13)ˤ 4. ㍸䤆梚㕁烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦⽫䎮䘬⼙枧⛐䫔ɛˣɞ䳂ṵ䁢栗叿烊䞍嬀 䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧昌Ḯ䫔ɜ䳂ᷳ⢾䘮䁢栗叿(夳堐 4-13)ˤ 5. ┉烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢䘬⼙枧⛐䫔ɚˣɛˣɝˣɞ䳂ṵ䁢栗 叿烊㳣≃䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿(夳堐 4-14)ˤ
6. ╅勞烉
ẍ借㤕≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢冯㳣≃䘬⼙枧䘮廱䁢ᶵ栗叿(夳堐 4-14)ˤ
ᶱˣġẍ㔁做䦳⹎↮Ⰼ
36
1. ⏠厠烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊䞍嬀⼙枧⛐
⮰䥹䔊㤕ẍ⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳṵ䁢栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧ᶵ婾⛐ỽ㔁做䦳⹎䘮䁢栗 叿炻℞ᷕ⮵⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ䘬⼙枧㚨⣏(夳堐 4-15)ˤ
2. 梚惺烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦⽫䎮䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧 昌Ḯ⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ炻℞检ṵ䁢栗叿(夳堐 4-15)ˤ
3. ♤㩛㤼烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊䞍嬀䘬⼙枧 昌Ḯ⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ冯⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ炻℞检ṵ䁢栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧昌Ḯ⣏⬠⍲
ẍᶲ炻℞检ṵ䁢栗叿(夳堐 4-16)ˤ 4. ㍸䤆梚㕁烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦⽫䎮䘬⼙枧昌Ḯ⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ炻℞检ṵ 䁢栗叿烊䞍嬀䘬⼙枧廱䁢ᶵ栗叿烊ン⹎䘬⼙枧昌Ḯ⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ炻℞检ṵ 䁢栗叿(夳堐 4-16)ˤ
5. ┉烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢䘬⼙枧昌Ḯ檀ᷕ借炻℞检ṵ䁢栗 叿烊㳣≃廱䁢ᶵ栗叿(夳堐 4-17)ˤ
6. ╅勞烉
ẍ㔁做䦳⹎≈ẍ↮Ⰼ⼴炻䘤䎦冒奢⍲㳣≃䘬⼙枧䘮廱䁢ᶵ栗叿(夳堐 4-17)ˤ
䫔
䫔ᶫ䭨 䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢佌橼
37
⇵⸦䭨⇅㬍Ḯ妋䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢᷳ⼴炻忚ᶨ㬍⇑䓐佌倂↮㜸⮯
㧋㛔↮栆ˤ䴻忶䷩墯䘬↮栆忶䦳⼴炻㚨䳪⼿⇘ℕᾳ䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐佌橼(夳堐 4-18)ˤ ẍ⇌⇍↮㜸槿嫱↮佌䳸㝄炻䘤䎦⇌⇍傥≃忼栗叿㯜㸾(p<0.000)炻㓰㝄朆ⷠ⤥炻ὅ
℞⇌⇍↥㔠ᷳ↮䳬㸾䡢䌯䚳炻㬋䡢⇌⇍䌯䁢 94%炻ḇ嫱㖶↮佌䳸㝄列⤥ˤ侴忁ℕ ᾳ佌橼⛐ℕ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢䘬↮Ựᶲ⎬℟℞䈡刚炻⎬䳬䘬䈡刚↮⇍㔀徘⤪ᶳ烉
ᶨˣġ䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢佌橼
1. ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖✳(n=843)烉Ⱄ㕤㬌栆䘬ㆸ⸜䓟⿏⛐梚惺(61.7%)ˣ♤㩛㤼 (42.1%)ˣ㍸䤆梚㕁(67.7%)ˣ⍲┉(56.9%)䁢ℕ䳬ᷳⅈ炻侴⏠厠(79.7%)
梚勞(43.9%)⇯㫉ᷳˤ
2. ℠✳ᶱ⃫ㆸ䘖(n=706)烉忁㗗Ṣ㔠㚨⮹䘬䳬⇍炻忁栆ㆸ⸜䓟⿏ᷕ㚱檀⏠厠ˣ 梚惺冯♤㩛㤼䘬㭼䌯(79.2%ˣ57.4%ˣ37.1%)ˤ
3. 慵厠䘖檀┉勞(n=1067)烉忁㗗Ⱄ㕤Ṣ㔠庫⣂䘬ᶨ佌炻℞㚨⣏䘬䈡刚⯙㗗 㚨檀䘬⏠厠㭼䌯(92.0%)炻䁢ℕ䳬ᷳⅈ炻侴⮵┉⍲勞䘬㴰屣Ṏ䚠䔞檀 (52.6%ˣ48.5%)ˤ
4. 惺冯┉暁ῷ⤥(n=718)烉忁ᾳ栆⇍㚨⣏䘬䈡刚⯙㗗⮵梚惺(56.0%)⍲╅
┉(46.7%)䘬檀⹎╄⤥炻侴⮵勞䘬ἧ䓐䦳⹎⇯Ỷ(53.5%)ˤ
5. 䌐挦梚勞(n=689)烉忁䳬Ṣ勞䘬ἧ䓐䦳⹎䁢檀(100.0%)炻䁢ℕ䳬ᷳⅈ烊侴
┉䦳⹎ῷỶ(34.3%)ˤ
6. 䲼㶐䃉䘖(n=1567)烉䁢Ṣ㔠㚨⣂䘬ᶨ佌炻忁佌Ṣ⛐⎬枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢
⛯ῷ⎹䃉ἧ䓐ˤ
Ḵˣġ埴䁢佌橼冯䚠斄⚈䳈
38
䝕妋⎬䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢佌橼⛐ℕ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢䘬䈡刚⼴炻㍍ᶳἮ⯙
天㩊夾ᾳṢ䈡岒冯⎬栆佌橼䘬斄Ὢ炻侫慷䘬䈡岒⊭㊔⸜漉ˣ䉨ンˣ䞍嬀ˣ ン⹎冯䣦䴻⛘ỵ(夳堐 4-19)ˤ
1. ⸜漉
ẍ⸜漉Ἦ婒炻㚨⸜庽(18-24 㬚)(41.9%)冯㚨⸜攟(55-64 㬚)(30.7%)䘬䓟⿏
㮹䛦䔞ᷕ㚱㚨檀㭼ἳ䘬ˬ䲼㶐䃉䘖˭佌橼烊侴 25-34 㬚⍲ 35-44 㬚⇯㚱㚨 檀㭼ἳ䘬ˬ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖˭ˤ
2. 䉨ン
㔜橼Ἦ婒炻䃉婾㗗冒奢ˣ㳣≃ẍ⍲⽫䎮炻⛐忁ṃ栆佌ᶲ䘬↮Ự 晾䃞䘮忼䴙妰栗叿㯜㸾炻Ữ℞攻䘬ⶖ䔘䓂⮷ˤ
3. 䞍嬀冯ン⹎
ẍ䞍嬀Ἦ婒炻㬋䡢侭㖶栗嵐⎹ˬ䲼㶐䃉䘖˭(31.3%)烊侴䞍嬀ᶵ㬋䡢⇯嵐
⎹ˬ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖˭ (16.6%)冯ˬ慵厠䘖檀┉勞˭(20.3%)ℑ䳬ˤẍン⹎Ἦ 婒炻ン⹎㬋䡢侭Ṏ嵐⎹ˬ䲼㶐䃉䘖˭(30.0%)ˣˬ惺┉暁ῷ⤥˭ (13.6%)
⍲ˬ䌐挦梚勞˭(12.8%)烊⍵ᷳ炻ᶵ㬋䡢侭⇯嵐⎹句⛐ˬ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖˭(29.9%)
⍲ˬ℠✳ᶱ⃫ㆸ䘖˭(23.7%)ˤ 4. 借㤕
䷥橼Ἦ婒炻晐侭借㤕䫱䳂䘬ᶲ⋯炻嵐⎹ˬ䲼㶐䃉䘖˭䘬㭼ἳḇ晐ᷳ⋯檀 (19.6%, 19.6%, 22.8%, 27.6%, 32.7%)炻䚠⮵䘬ˬ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖˭㭼ἳ⇯徸㻠ᶳ 旵 (21.3%, 25.4%, 15.7%, 12.3%, 10.4%)ˤḇ⏰昶㡗嬲⊾䘬怬⊭㊔炻ˬ℠
✳ᶱ⃫ㆸ䘖˭䘬㭼ἳḇ晐侭借㤕䫱䳂䘬ᶲ⋯侴ᶳ旵炻ˬ惺┉暁ῷ⤥˭
⇯䚠⍵炻晐叿借㤕䫱䳂䘬ᶲ⋯侴ᶲ⋯ˤ 5. 㔁做䦳⹎
㔁做䦳⹎冯栆佌↮Ự䘬昶㡗斄Ὢ⇯㚜栗叿炻㚱ℕᾳ栆佌䘬↮Ự䘮⤪
39
㗗ˤ晐叿㔁做䦳⹎䘬ᶲ⋯侴㭼ἳ⋯檀䘬㚱ˬ惺┉暁ῷ⤥˭ˣˬ䌐挦梚 勞˭ˣ⍲ˬ䲼㶐䃉䘖˭ᶱ䧖佌橼烊⍵ᷳ炻℞Ṿᶱ栆佌烉ˬ⣂⃫ㆸ䘖˭ˣ ˬ℠✳ᶱ⃫ㆸ䘖˭冯ˬ慵厠䘖檀┉勞˭炻⇯晐叿㔁做䦳⹎䘬ᶲ⋯侴㭼 ἳᶳ旵ˤ
40
堐 4-1 䣦㚫Ṣ⎋⬠嬲枭(n=6087)
嬲枭⎵䧙 n % 嬲枭⎵䧙 n %
⸜漉 借㤕
18-24 1104 18.1 ɚ(⮰㤕) 904 14.9
25-34 1521 25.0 ɛ(埴㓧) 819 13.5
35-44 1478 24.3 ɜ(℔⊁Ṣ⒉) 933 15.3
45-54 1262 20.7 ɝ(㈨埻) 864 14.2
55-64 722 11.9 ɞ(朆㈨埻) 1092 17.9
䎦⼡幵Ṣ 237 3.9
⯭ỷ⛘⛘䎮ỵ伖 䃉㤕ㆾ⣙㤕 1172 19.3
⊿ 2644 43.4 怢㺷ῤ 66 1.1
ᷕ 1576 25.9
⋿ 1259 20.7 㔁做䦳⹎
㜙 469 7.7 ⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ 1863 30.6
⢾Ⲟ 139 2.3 檀ᷕ借 1919 31.5
⮰䥹 1147 18.8
⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ 1142 18.8
怢㺷ῤ 16 0.3
41
20⇘29⣑ 252 4.1 10-19⣑ 183 3.0
㔜ᾳ㚰 2327 38.2 20-29⣑ 79 1.3
42
43
堐 4-4 䞼䨞㧋㛔ᷳ䱦䤆䈑岒⌙⭛䞍嬀冯ン⹎↮Ự
堐 4-5 ẍ Spearman 䚠斄↮㜸䚳䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐埴䁢攻ᷳ䚠斄
⏠厠 梚惺 㩛㤼 ㍸䤆梚㕁 ┉ ╅勞
⏠厠 1
梚惺 0.32*** 1
㩛㤼 0.42*** 0.35*** 1
㍸䤆梚㕁 0.25*** 0.34*** 0.32*** 1
┉ 0.07*** 0.08*** 0.02 0.11*** 1
╅勞 0.11*** 0.09*** 0.04** -0.01 0.12*** 1
*p<.05烊**p<.01烊***p<.001(暁⯦)
嬲枭⎵䧙 n % 嬲枭⎵䧙 n %
䞍 䞍嬀嬀
⌛ἧ㩛㤼ᶵ⏓㶣≈䈑ḇ
℟㚱农䗴⿏
ン ン⹎
㗗⏎䤩㬊冒⫸⤛♤梇 㩛㤼
ᶵ⎴シ 3476 57.1 ᶵ㚫䤩㬊 713 11.7
⎴シ 2606 42.8 㚫䤩㬊 5366 88.2
怢㺷ῤ 5 0.1 怢㺷ῤ 8 0.1
44
堐4-6借㤕䫱䳂冯㔁做䦳⹎⍲䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ᷳ斄Ὢ (%)借借㤕χ2 㔁㔁做䦳⹎χ2 ɚĩ⮰㤕Īɛĩ埴㓧Īɜĩ℔⊁Īɝĩ㈨埻Īɞĩ朆㈨埻Ī⚳ᷕ⍲ẍᶳ檀ᷕ借⮰䥹⣏⬠⍲ẍᶲ ⏠⏠厠****** 䃉59.450.343.631.132.432.338.658.670.5 Ỷ12.312.313.916.613.713.215.312.911.0 檀28.337.442.652.253.954.646.228.618.5 梚梚惺**** 䃉43.245.943.939.043.242.345.148.249.7 Ỷ30.428.627.327.628.527.525.530.431.6 檀26.425.528.833.528.330.329.421.418.7 㩛㩛㤼****** 䃉83.780.274.459.061.760.570.484.591.4 Ỷ10.311.715.319.915.016.415.710.87.1 檀6.08.010.221.123.323.113.94.71.5 ㍸㍸䤆梚㕁****** 䃉76.472.368.655.962.262.267.173.179.2 Ỷ15.416.119.514.414.812.716.419.116.2 檀8.311.611.929.723.025.216.67.94.6 ┉****** 䃉24.124.727.833.035.338.630.226.222.1 Ỷ32.533.932.435.632.933.833.835.334.2 檀43.441.439.931.431.827.636.138.543.7 ╅╅勞****** 䃉29.231.528.138.337.536.834.831.432.6 Ỷ31.932.827.326.925.525.727.333.037.1 檀38.935.744.634.836.937.537.935.730.3 * p<.05烊** p<.01烊*** p<.001 (暁⯦)
45
堐4-7䉨ン冯䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐ね⼊ (%)冒冒奢䉨㱩χ2 ㄊㄊ⿏䕭χ2 㳣㳣≃χ2 ⽫⽫䎮χ2 㤝⤥/⼰⤥⤥㘖忂/ᶵ⤥䃉㚱ⶖᷕ䫱Ἓⶖᷕ䫱Ἓ ⏠⏠厠*** 䃉47.446.339.644.444.642.645.845.043.444.944.9 Ỷ12.812.412.912.912.413.412.112.613.912.412.0 檀35.236.942.738.138.439.338.137.437.938.038.7 梚梚惺** 䃉46.344.246.646.644.245.643.847.444.643.048.9 Ỷ29.127.827.728.228.228.628.927.429.029.126.8 檀24.628.025.725.227.625.927.425.226.427.924.3 㩛㩛㤼*** 䃉71.572.268.071.269.569.871.970.268.472.271.0 Ỷ12.712.712.812.812.613.312.812.314.512.012.0 檀11.010.714.411.513.013.010.612.412.611.112.2 ㍸㍸䤆梚㕁㕁******** 䃉69.868.565.067.568.363.866.571.962.466.273.3 Ỷ14.216.715.515.814.817.217.612.419.116.911.3 檀14.013.517.215.014.717.613.913.617.015.013.2 ┉************ 䃉26.529.835.128.733.631.626.432.630.027.033.5 Ỷ34.334.633.634.633.435.135.332.534.836.931.4 檀39.335.631.336.733.033.438.234.835.136.135.1 ╅╅勞********* 䃉32.333.237.535.033.339.032.432.137.932.133.2 Ỷ30.231.027.930.328.529.532.627.731.631.127.1 檀37.535.834.634.738.231.535.140.130.536.839.7 * p<.05烊** p<.01烊*** p<.001 (暁⯦)
46
47
⏠厠(n=859) 56.4 11.7 26.9 1.00 梚惺(n=879) 42.0 29.5 25.7 0.32*** 1
⏠厠(n=1034) 30.7 13.0 51.0 1
梚惺(n=1051) 41.6 27.5 27.2 0.31*** 1
㩛㤼(n=1030) 58.2 14.2 22.0 0.38*** 0.34*** 1
㍸䤆(n=1050) 59.8 14.2 22.2 0.22*** 0.36*** 0.27*** 1
┉(n=1092) 35.3 32.9 31.8 0.03 0.03 0.07* 0.13*** 1
╅勞(n=1092) 37.5 25.5 36.9 0.04 0.00 -0.03 -0.06 0.04 1
*p<.05烊**p<.01烊***p<.001 (暁⯦)
48
⏠厠(n=1770) 30.6 12.5 51.9 1
梚惺(n=1788) 40.6 26.4 29.0 0.32*** 1
⏠厠(n=1815) 36.5 14.4 43.7 1
梚惺(n=1860) 43.7 24.8 28.5 0.31*** 1
⏠厠(n=1103) 56.3 12.4 27.5 1
梚惺(n=1122) 47.2 29.7 20.9 0.31*** 1
⏠厠(n=1107) 68.3 10.7 18.0 1
梚惺(n=1122) 48.9 31.0 18.4 0.28*** 1
49
堐 4-11 䉨ン冯ℕ枭䱦䤆䈑岒ἧ䓐䘬斄Ὢ✳ン
嬲枭⎵䧙 ⏠厠 梚惺 㩛㤼 ㍸䤆 ┉ ╅勞
嬲枭⎵䧙 ⏠厠 梚惺 㩛㤼 ㍸䤆 ┉ ╅勞