模擬輸往大陸、日本和美國，若通關順暢，理應在4 天內貯運完成，可開箱 見光，若有延誤，應在7 天內完成開箱見光。故本研究有以下三試驗：
(一) P. Tasiuco Noble x P. Thimothy Christophe (H89504) (照片 5)，其花朵和花苞 對乙烯之敏感度是輕度 (++) 敏感者 (圖 7) ，黑暗處理 4 或 7 天，雖事先予 1-MCP 處理，是無法避免因黑暗所造成花苞萎凋現象 (圖 8)。
(二) W02101 白花中型花，對乙烯是屬輕度敏感 (++)，乙烯和黑暗 4 或 7 天均能 使花苞萎凋在13.3~23.9%，但已綻放花朵 4 或 7 天的黑暗貯運不會有萎凋發 生，當乙烯促進花朵和花苞萎凋，會加速花序頂端小花苞的發育 (表 8)。
(三) R02308 是對乙烯鈍感的品種 (表 7)，7 天的黑暗處理，敏感的花苞也不會萎 凋 (表 9)。
(四) 經二年的品種試驗，模擬黑暗 4 天貯運者有 10 個品種，即使在光線下，4 天後有0.42%的花朵萎凋，黑暗處理增加到 0.66%，而予 1-MCP 前處理者為 0%，花苞萎凋者，在光線下的對照組是 5.37%，黑暗 4 天者 14.53%，前處 理1-MCP 者降到 1.46% (表 10)。有 13 個品種予黑暗處理 7 天，其結果與黑 暗處理7 天者相近，1-MCP 前處理，可有效抑制花苞的黃化萎凋 (表 11)。
討論(Discussion)
盆花於黑暗貯運或於櫥架上販售，均是在逆境後會產生內生乙烯，且貯運時 空氣易含有乙烯（ Nell, 1993; Reid et al., 1999），在美國的超級市場中，空氣中 所含乙烯常超過0.5μL.L-1以上（Dodge et al., 1998），皆會造成植株落蕾、落葉、
促進花朵老化及葉片黃化等現象（Jennifer, 2000; Nell, 1993; Serek et al., 1995b;
Reid, 1989）而蝴蝶蘭（Phal. Snow Mist‘Large Sepal’）切離的花朵，在 20℃
予 0.09μL.L-1乙烯處理，在2 天半後花朵溢汁萎凋，若給 0.57μL.L-1處理則處 理後20 小時溢汁萎凋（李和林, 1992）。本研究以台糖主力外銷日本的 Phal.TS97 為參試標準品種進行模擬貯運。在花苞露白未開時（最大花徑1.5 ㎝）由台南新 營經一天黑暗快遞貯運，到開箱置溫室3 天後花苞黃化，且較大花苞更易黃化，
繼之萎縮脫落，這是由乙烯所造成（林等, 2003）。若經黑暗運輸，則以綻放花朵 對黑暗較鈍感，而是花序最頂端最小肉眼可見小花苞對黑暗最敏感。小花苞萎凋 的主要原因可能為黑暗貯運過程中，葉片無法行光合作用供給光合產物，而小花 苞之呼吸作用有很高，使小花苞無法分配到足夠的養分，至可溶性醣類快速下 降，使花苞內碳水化合物不足而造成黃化乾縮（張等,2003），乙烯作用抑制劑 800ppb 的 1-MCP，可有效抑制乙烯的作用和明顯降低黑暗逆境所引起小花苞乾 縮現象，在第一年的報告已告確定（林等, 2003, 張等,2003）。
本研究另一主要目的，在篩選耐乙烯蝴蝶蘭品種，並測試其他重要蘭花對乙 烯和 1-MCP 的反應，又以往認為 2μL.L-1的乙烯已足以使蝴蝶蘭的花朵和花苞 在 3∼7 天內即有明顯反應，但在大量測試中，對乙烯鈍感者（表 7），2μL.L-1 的乙烯反應甚微，必須提高到4μL.L-1（張, 2001）。故本研究中的 Phal. Lihjiang Girl（表 1）和 Phal. Timothy Christopher (表 2) 以 4μL.L-1乙烯處理12 小時，在 處理後 7 天內與 2μL.L-1處理者花朵和花苞萎凋相近（表 1 和表 2），但到處理 後17 天，4μL.L-1處理者，花朵的萎凋100％而 2μL.L-1處理只有31.7％。在測 試21 品種（表 7）和 3 品種（表 1,2 和表 7）計 24 品種中，找出有 3 品系對乙 烯鈍感或些微敏感，這使研究者大為興奮，顯示我們可以在蝴蝶蘭族群種找到耐 乙烯基因。
秋石斛蘭被認為對乙烯不敏感的蘭花，在參試3 品種中，Den. Mary Trowse
×Den. Candy Stripe 最耐乙烯，4μL.L-1處理12 小時，2 天後尚未見有萎凋花朵，
但對花苞仍有傷害（表4），對另二品種（表 3 和 5）對花朵仍有傷害，但與蝴蝶 蘭相較，仍屬較耐乙烯的蘭花，至於 Cattleya aurantica ×Bro.sanguienea 花朵有
近25 天的壽命，在這屬中應屬花朵壽命長者，其對乙烯反應較蝴蝶蘭更敏感，2 μL.L-1處理後5 天即達 100％萎凋。
蝴蝶蘭以黑暗貯運4 或 7 天，對逆境產生的乙烯，可用 800ppb 的 1-MCP 薰 8 小 時完全控制花朵的萎凋（表 8,9,10,11），但對乙烯中度敏感品種 W02101（表 7 和 8）花苞的萎凋並不能完全的控制其發生（表 8），但對粉紅花之 R02308，它 是屬於對乙烯鈍感者（表7），經 7 天的黑暗貯運也不會造成花苞萎凋（表 9）。
所以篩選對乙烯鈍感品系，再預措乙烯作用抑制劑，經黑暗處理 4 天（表 10）
和7 天（表 11），均可大幅的降低花苞萎縮率到 1.46％和 1.51％，比對照組在光 線下還好。此結果顯示蝴蝶蘭帶已開花和花苞之花序植株是具有外銷潛力。但為 保險不受乙烯為害及確保開花品質，建議應有1-MCP 的燻蒸作業為妥。
參考文獻 (Reference)
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表1. 乙烯及 1-MCP 對蝴蝶蘭立匠女孩 Phal. ‘Lihjiang Girl’花朵及花苞萎凋之 影響。
Table 1. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of Phal.
‘Lihjiang Girl’. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 1 days 3 days 7 days 1 days 3 days 7 days CK 3.0±1.0 3.4±1.2 6.4±0.2 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b MCP 1.8±0.6 4.4±0.8 6.2±0.4 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 2µL/L Eth. 2.8±0.4 4.0±0.6 6.8±0.4 28.6a 42.9a 50a 65a 70a 75a
MCP
+2µL/L Eth. 2.6±0.7 4.2±1.0 6.8±0.4 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 4µL/L Eth. 3.4±0.4 3.0±0.4 6.4±0.2 29.4a 52.9a 52.9a 73a 73a 80a
MCP
+4µL/L Eth. 2.4±0.6 4.4±0.7 6.8±0.4 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b 0b
表 2.乙烯及 1-MCP 對蝴蝶蘭 Phal. Timothy Christopher 花朵及花苞萎凋之影響。
Table 2. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of P.
Timothy Christopher. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 2 days 7 days 17 days 2 days 7 days 17 days CK 7.2±0.7 15.3±3.1 22.2±2.8 0a 0c 0c 0a 0c 0c 2µL/L Eth. 4.0±0.4 19.7±3.7 23.7±3.6 0a 13.9b 31.7b 0a 6.3b 8.5b
MCP
+2µL/L Eth. 6.7±0.7 19.8±4.0 26.5±4.5 0a 0c 0c 0 0c 0c 4µL/L Eth. 5.8±0.4 21.0±2.4 26.8±2.3 2.7a 28.3a 100a 0.9a 11.9a 13.5a
MCP
+4µL/L Eth. 4.8±0.6 15.2±3.4 20.0±3.5 0a 0c 0c 0a 0c 0c
表 3.乙烯及 1-MCP 對石斛蘭 Den. Sunrise Cherry ‘櫻桃’ 花朵及花苞萎凋之影響 Table 3. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of Den.
Sunrise Cherry. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days CK 2.7±0.4 8.3±0.7 11.0±0.7 0b 0b 0b 3.9b 6.3b 10.9b 2µL/L Eth. 3.3±0.5 7.5±0.7 10.8±0.5 0b 18.1a 50a 22.0a 43.6a 78.3a MCP+2µL/L Eth. 3.2±0.6 7.7±0.6 10.9±0.3 0b 0b 0b 0b 1.1b 5.6b
4µL/L Eth. 2.4±0.7 8.9±0.8 11.3±0.8 20.0a 26.7a 43.3a 19.8a 51.0a 85.1a MCP+4µL/L Eth. 2.0±0.6 6.0±0.7 8.0±0.8 0b 0b 0b 1.6b 1.6b 4.0b
表 4. 乙烯及 1-MCP 對石斛蘭 Den. Mary Trowse x Den. Candy Stripe ‘水晶’ 花朵及 花苞萎凋之影響
Table 4. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of Den.
Mary Trowse x Den. Candy Stripe. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days CK 11.3±0.4 2.2±0.8 13.5±1.2 0a 0a 0a 0b 0b 3.3b
2µL/L Eth. 11.3±0.6 1.3±0.3 12.7±0.5 0a 0a 0a 2.8b 33.0a 45.9a
MCP+2µL/L Eth. 9.7±0.4 3.3±0.4 13.0±0.5 0a 0a 0a 0b 0b 0b
4µL/L Eth. 11.2±0.7 1.3±0.6 12.5±0.3 0a 0a 0a 12.7a 34.1a 48.5a
MCP+4µL/L Eth. 9.6±0.7 3.4±0.2 13.0±0.9 0a 0a 0a 0b 0b 0b
表 5 乙烯及 1-MCP 對石斛蘭 Den. Chao Praya Gem 紅白鶴花朵及花苞萎凋之影 響
Table 5. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of Den.
Chao Praya Gem. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 3 days 7 days 28 days 3 days 7 days 28 days CK 1.2±0.4 6.4±0.5 7.6±0.2 0a 0b 0b 0a 12.3 15.2b 2µL/L Eth. 2.0±0.3 6.2±0.7 8.2±0.6 0a 0b 90a 2.5a 7.5 71.1a MCP+2µL/L Eth. 1.5±0.5 5.8±0.6 7.3±0.3 0a 0b 0b 0a 4.1 8.9b
4µL/L Eth. 2.0±0.5 6.2±0.7 8.2±0.5 0a 16.7a 81.9a 2.4a 13.7 84.9a MCP+4µL/L Eth. 2.4±0.3 5.3±0.5 7.7±0.4 0a 0b 0b 4.1a 0 2.9b
表 6.乙烯及 1-MCP 對嘉德麗亞蘭 Cattleya aurantiaca x Bro. sanguienea 花朵及花 苞萎凋之影響
Table 6. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of Cattleya aurantiaca x Bro. sanguienea. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Inflorescence at treatment Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%) Treatment
Bloom No. Bud No. Total No. 3 days 5 days 28 days 3 days 5 days 28 days CK 3.5±1.5 4.3±1.4 7.8±0.4 0b 0b 42.9b 0b 0b 0b 2µL/L Eth. 3.0±0.7 4.6±1.2 7.6±0.9 59.7a 100a 100a 29a 35.5a 55.5a
MCP 4.0±0.7 4.0±0.7 8.0±0.4 0b 0b 43.8b 0b 0b 0b MCP+2µL/L Eth. 4.0±0.6 3.6±0.7 7.6±1.1 0b 0b 66.7b 0b 0b 0b
表 7. 蝴蝶蘭盆花 21 個品種其綻開花朵和花苞對乙稀 (2µL·L-1 12 hrs) 之敏感 度。
Table 7. Flower and bud sensitivity to ethylene (2µL·L-1 12 hrs) of 21 potted Phalaenopsis cultivarsz.
Flower Bud Cultivar Colorx
Wilting (%) Sensitivityy Wilting (%) Sensitivity 35.5 ++ 19.9 +
z : Plants were planted in greenhouse and data taken 7 days after treatment.
y : Sensitivity to ethylene : 0%, (-); less than 25%, (+); 26~50%, (++); 51~75%, (+++);
76~100%,(++++).
x : W, white; WR, white with red lip; P, pink; PR, purple red; Y, yellow; S, spotted flower.
表8. 乙烯、黑暗貯運及 1-MCP 對 W02101 花朵及花苞萎凋之影響
Table 8. Effect of ethylene、dark storage and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of W02101. Plants were treated 800ppb 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours or dark for 4 or 7 days. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Treatment Inflorescence at treat. Flower wilting (%) Days after treat.
Bud wilting (%) Days after treat.
1-MCP
z：Mean separation within columns by Duncan’s multiple range test, 5% level.
Y：Each number is the mean of 6 replicates.
表9. 乙烯、黑暗貯運及 1-MCP 對 R02308 花朵及花苞萎凋之影響
Table 9. Effect of ethylene、dark storage and 1-MCP on flower and bud wilting percentage of R02308. Plants were treated 800ppb 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours or dark for 4 or 7 days. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Treatment Inflorescence at treat. Flower wilting (%) Days after treat.
Bud wilting (%) Days after treat.
1-MCP
Expt. 2 12/20/01 to 1/20/02
0 0 0 2.8 8.7 9.2 0.0a 0.0b 0.0b 0.0b 0.7 0 2 0 2.7 8.7 11.3 11.1a 41.7a 21.5a 21.5a 2.2 0 0 7 2.8 7.5 10.3 0.0a 0.0b 0.0b 0.0b 0.7 800 0 7 3.3 8.7 12.0 0.0a 0.0b 0.0b 0.0b 0.5
z：Mean separation within columns by Duncan’s multiple range test, 5% level.
Y：Each number is the mean of 6 replicates.
表10. 蝴蝶蘭 10 個品種經 1-MCP 及 4 天黑暗模擬貯運後對已綻放花朵和花苞 萎凋率之效益
Table 10. Efficacy of 1-MCP ethylene action inhibitors on flower flower and bud wilting of 10 potted Phalaenopsis cultivars after simulated dark transport for 4 days.
Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%)
Dark Dark
Cultivar Color CK
(in light) -1-MCP +1-MCP
CK
(in light) -1-MCP +1-MCP
W02101 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 0.0
W02102 W 0.0 3.3 0.0 15.6 43.2 5.7 W02206 WR 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.8 20.0 0.0
R02309 PR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R02310 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.0
R02312 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.7 0.0 R02316 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 11.3 8.9 R02318 P 4.2 0.0 0.0 6.1 25.0 0.0
O02419 Y 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O02521 WR 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.0
Mean 0.42 0.66 0.0 5.37 14.53 1.46
表11. 蝴蝶蘭 13 個品種經 1-MCP 及 4 天黑暗模擬貯運後對已綻放花朵和花苞 萎凋率之效益
Table 11. Efficacy of 1-MCP ethylene action inhibitors on flower flower and bud wilting of 10 potted Phalaenopsis cultivars after simulated dark transport for 7 days.
Flower wilting (%) Bud wilting (%)
Dark Dark
Cultivar Color CK (in light)
-1-MCP +1-MCP
CK (in light)
-1-MCP +1-MCP
W02101 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 0.0
W02103 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.9 0.0
W02104 W 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0
W02207 WR 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 2.5 7.9
R02308 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R02309 PR 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0 R02311 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 0.0 R02313 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 13.4 0.0 R02314 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 2.5 6.7
R02315 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
R02317 P 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O02419 Y 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 5.0 O02520 S 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.3 8.8 0.0
Mean 0.63 0.67 0.00 0.00 2.70 17.77 1.51
Days after treatment
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
Flowering wilting (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100 CK
MCP 2 µL/L C2H4 MCP+2 µL/L C2H4 4 µL/L C2H4 MCP+4 µL/L C2H4
圖1. 乙烯及 1-MCP 對蝴蝶蘭立匠女孩 Phal. ‘Lihjiang Girl’花朵萎凋之影響 Fig. 1. Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower wilting percentage of Phal. ‘Lihjiang
Girl’. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants were placed in greenhouse.
Flower wilting (%)
Fig. 2. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on the wilting of Phal. Timothy Christopher flowers and buds. Plants were pre-treated with air or 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8hrs and then exposed to 0, 2.0, 4.0µL·L-1 ethylene for 12hrs. Plants were display in greenhouse.
Flower wilting (%)
Days after treatmnet
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Fig. 3. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on the wilting of Den. Sunrise Cherry flowers and buds. Plants were pre-treated with air or 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8hrs and then exposed to 0, 2.0, 4.0µL·L-1 ethylene for 12hrs. Plants were display in greenhouse.
Flower wilting (%)
Fig. 4. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on the wilting of Den. Mary Trowse x Den.
Candy Stripe flowers and buds. Plants were pre-treated with air or 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8hrs and then exposed to 0, 2.0, 4.0µL·L-1 ethylene for 12hrs.
Plants were display in greenhouse.
Flower wilting (%)
Fig. 5. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on the wilting of Den. Chao Praya Gem flowers and buds. Plants were pre-treated with air or 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8hrs and then exposed to 0, 2.0, 4.0µL·L-1 ethylene for 12hrs. Plants were display in greenhouse.
Flower wilting (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100
CK 2µL/L C2H4 MCP
MCP+2 µL/L C2H4
Days after treatment
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56
Bud wilting (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
圖.6. 乙烯與 1-MCP 前處理對嘉德麗亞蘭 Cattleya aurantiaca x Bro.
sanguienea 花朵及花苞萎凋百分率之影響
Fig. 6. Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP on the wilting of Cattleya aurantiaca x Bro.
sanguienea flowers and buds. Plants were pre-treated with air or 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8hrs and then exposed to 0, 2.0 µL·L-1 ethylene for 12hrs. Plants were display in greenhouse.
圖 7. 乙烯及 1-MCP 對 Phal. Tasiuco Noble x Phal. Thimothy Christophe (H89504)花朵(A)及花苞(B)萎凋之影響
Fig.7 Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower(A) and bud(B) wilting percentage of Phal. Tasiuco Noble x Phal. Thimothy Christopher. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants
Fig.7 Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP on flower(A) and bud(B) wilting percentage of Phal. Tasiuco Noble x Phal. Thimothy Christopher. Plants were treated 800 nL·L-1 1-MCP for 8 hours, then with C2H4 for 12 hours. After treatment plants