Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.103.3.411
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55. 5.469
Ashford, J. B., & LeCroy, C. W. (2013). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Averill, J. R. (1999). Individual differences in emotional creativity: Structure and correlates. Journal of Personality, 67(2), 331-371. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00058
Averill, J. R. (2009). Emotional creativity: Toward “spiritualizing the passions.” In S. J. Lopez & C.
R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 249-257). New York, NY:
Oxford University Press.
Averill, J. R., & Thomas-Knowles, C. (1991). Emotional creativity. In K. T. Strongman (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion (pp. 269-299). London, UK: Wiley.
Averill, J. R., Chon, K. K., & Hahn, D. W. (2001). Emotions and creativity, East and West. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 4(3), 165-183. doi:10.1111/1467-839X.00084
Baer, R. A., & Lykins, E. L. B. (2011). Mindfulness and positive psychological functioning. In K.
陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧 成年早期與中期樣貌 233
Sheldon, T. Kashdan, & M. Steger (Eds.), Designing the future of positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward (pp. 335-348). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bercovitz, K., Pagnini, F., Phillips, D., & Langer, E. (2017). Utilizing a creative task to assess Langerian mindfulness. Creativity Research Journal, 29(2), 194-199. doi:10.1080/10400419.
2017.1304080
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2008). Is well-being U-shaped over the life cycle? Social Science and Medicine, 66(8), 1733-1749. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.030
Bodner, T. E., & Langer, E. J. (2001, June). Individual differences in mindfulness: The Mindfulness/Mindlessness Scale. Paper presented at the 13th annual American Psychological Society Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Bränström, R., Duncan, L. G., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2011). The association between dispositional mindfulness, psychological well-being, and perceived health in a Swedish population-based sample. British Journal of Health Psychology, 16, 300-316. doi:10.1348/135910710X501683 Bryant, F. B. (1989). A four-factor model of perceived control: Avoiding, coping, obtaining, and
savoring. Journal of Personality, 57(4), 773-797. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00494.x Bryant, F. B. (2003). Savoring beliefs inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring.
Journal of Mental Health, 12(2), 175-196. doi:10.1080/0963823031000103489
Bryant, F. B., & Veroff, J. (2007). Savoring: A new model of positive experience. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bryant, F. B., Chadwick, E. D., & Kluwe, K. (2011). Understanding the processes that regulate positive emotional experience: Unsolved problems and future directions for theory and research on savoring. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(1), 107-126. doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i1.18
Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 227-260. doi:10.
1007/s10902-005-3889-4
Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cañas, J. J., Quesada, J. F., Antolí, A., & Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482- 501. doi:10.1080/0014013031000061640
Carson, S. H., & Langer, E. J. (2006). Mindfulness and self-acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive
& Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 24(1), 29-43. doi:10.1007/s10942-006-0022-5
Carstensen, L. L., & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and
234 成年早期與中期樣貌 陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧
the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 117-121. doi:10.1111/j.
0963-7214.2005.00348.x
Chadwick, E. D. (2012). The structure of adolescent and adult savoring and its relationship to feeling good and functioning well (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Chanowitz, B., & Langer, E. J. (1981). Premature cognitive commitments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(6), 1051-1063. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1051
DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 37 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychology Bulletin, 124(2), 197-229. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.
124.2.197
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010).
New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings.
Social Indicators Research, 97, 143-156. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective wellbeing in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
Erikson, E. H. (1980). Identity and the life cycle. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
doi:10.2307/3150980
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden- and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. doi:10.1037/
0003-066X.56.3.218
Gentzler, A. L., Ramsey, M. A., Yi, C. Y., Palmer, C. A., & Morey, J. N. (2014). Young adolescents’
emotional and regulatory responses to positive events: Investigating temperament, attachment, and event characteristics. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(2), 108-121. doi:10.1080/1743 9760.2013.848374
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Price, T. F. (2013). Does negative affect always narrow and positive affect always broaden the mind? Considering the influence of motivational intensity on
陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧 成年早期與中期樣貌 235
cognitive scope. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(4), 301-307. doi:10.1177/
0963721413481353
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:
Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. C. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social Indictor Research, 110(3), 837-861.
Hurley, D. B., & Kwon, P. (2013). Savoring helps most when you have little: Interaction between savoring the moment and uplifts on positive affect and satisfaction with life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1261-1271. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9377-8
Ivcevic, Z., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence and emotional creativity.
Journal of Personality, 75(2), 199-236. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x
Jose, P. E., Lim, B. T., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Does savoring increase happiness? A daily diary study.
The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(3), 176-187. doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.671345 Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. New York, NY: Dell.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY:
Guilford Press.
Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Langer, E. J. (1997). The power of mindful learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Langer, E. J. (2005). Well-being: Mindfulness versus positive evaluation. In C. R. Snyder & S. J.
Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 214-230). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Langer, E. J., Pirson, M., & Delizonna, L. (2010). The mindlessness of social comparisons.
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(2), 68-74. doi:10.1037/a0017318
Layous, K., Kurtz, J., Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2018). Reframing the ordinary: Imagining time as scarce increases well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(3), 301-308.
doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1279210
Levinson, D. (1978). The seasons of a man’s life. New York, NY: Knopf.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2000). On studying positive emotions. Prevention & Treatment, 3(1), Article 5c.
doi:10.1037/1522-3736.3.1.35c
Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496-502. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.
005
236 成年早期與中期樣貌 陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧
Oriol, X., Amutio, A., Mendoza, M., Costa, S. D., & Miranda, R. (2016). Emotional creativity as predictor of intrinsic motivation and academic engagement in university students: The mediating role of positive emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01243 Pagnini, F., & Philips, D. (2015). Being mindful about mindfulness. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(4),
288-289. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00041-3
Peck, R. C. (1968). Psychological developments in the second half of life. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging (pp. 88-92). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Porter, B. F. (1988). Reasons for living: A basic ethics. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 368-373. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.048
Ramsey, M. A., & Gentzler, A. L. (2014). Age differences in subjective well-being across adulthood:
The roles of savoring and future time perspective. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 78(1), 3-22. doi:10.2190/AG.78.1.b
Reis, H. T., Smith, S. M., Carmichael, C. L., Caprariello, P. A., Tsai, F.-F., Rodrigues, A., & Maniaci, M. R. (2010). Are you happy for me? How sharing positive events with others provides personal and interpersonal benefits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(2), 311-329. doi:10.1037/a0018344
Ritchie, T. D., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Positive state mindfulness: A multidimensional model of mindfulness in relation to positive experience. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 150- 181. doi:10.5502/ijw.v2.i3.1
Russ, S. W., & Kaugars, A. S. (2001). Emotion in children’s play and creativity problem solving.
Creativity Research Journal, 13(2), 211-219. doi:10.1207/S15326934CRJ1302_8
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being.
New York, NY: Free.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Siegel, D. J. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection and attunement in the cultivation of well-being.
New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
Simonton, D. K. (1990). Psychology, science and history: An introduction to historiometry. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt22726rf
Smart, R., & Peterson, C. (1997). Super’s career stages and the decision to change careers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 51(3), 358-374. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1996.1544
陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧 成年早期與中期樣貌 237
Smith, J. L., & Hanni, A. A. (2017). Effects of a savoring intervention on resilience and well-being of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 38(1), 137-152. doi:10.1177/0733464817693375 Smith, J. L., & Hollinger-Smith, L. (2015). Savoring, resilience, and psychological well-being in
older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 19(3), 192-200. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.986647 Super, D. E. (1980). Career education and the meaning of work. Washington, DC: The Office of
Career Education.
Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374-385. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008
Wittrock, M. C. (1989). Generative processes of comprehension. Educational Psychologist, 24(4), 345-376. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2404_2
Zautra, A., Smith, B., Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (2001). Examinations of chronic pain and affect relationships: Applications of a dynamic model of affect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(5), 786-795. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.5.786
238 成年早期與中期樣貌 陳柏霖、洪兆祥、余民寧
Journal of Research in Education Sciences 2019, 64(4), 207-239
doi:10.6209/JORIES.201912_64(4).0008
What Does Early and Middle Adulthood Look Like? A Comparison of Structural Models on Mindful Learning, Emotional
Creativity, Capacity to Savor, and Flourishing Life