本研究計畫為兩年期計畫的第一年，本年度計畫之工作有三維河口與近海水 理模式之建立、模式檢定與驗證與模式之應用等，就目前完成之研究工作所獲致 的主要結果簡述如下：
1. 已完成河口與近海三維數值模式之建立，並應用於淡水河系及其近海之數值 模擬。
2. 就中央氣象局與國科會海洋科學研究中心所蒐集的潮位資料，及經濟部水利 署第十河川局的淡水河系潮位自計量測資料，進行調和分析，以求取主要的 分潮振幅及相位角。
3. 以ArcView GIS、Matlab軟體及數值高程內差程式建立模擬區域的數值網格，
提供三維數值模擬使用。
4. 模式以M 分潮初步檢定糙率高度，再於外海使用五個分潮之綜合潮對糙率高2 度進行細部調整，模式模擬結果經調和分析之潮差與相位角與實測數據經調 和分析之潮差與相位角相當吻合，再以實測的淡水流量與外海使用五個分潮 之綜合潮進行模式驗證，顯示本三維模式之適用與正確性。
5. 以經濟部水利署第十河川局於民國89年5月5日於淡水河系各測站之全潮觀測 流速資料與三維模式模擬結果經求主軸模式的轉換所得的流速進行比較，兩 者的趨勢大致相同。
6. 由河口環流分析結果顯示，淡水河關渡站因底床較深，於底層大部分的時間 殘餘流速是往上游流，表層之殘餘流速是向下游流動，形成顯著的河口環流。
7. 由參數敏感度分析結果顯示，糙率高度對潮水位的影響很小。
中文參考文獻
(1)台灣省水利局，「淡水河系長期水理觀測計畫各年度工作報告」，水利局第十 工程處淡水河水理觀測隊。
(2)許時雄，「淡水河下游感潮變量流之研究」，水利復刊第七期，（ 1969）。
(3)行政院經濟合作委員會台北區衛生下水道規劃小組，「淡水河水系水污染及河 川涵容能力」， (1971)。
(4)台北地區衛生下水道工程處，「河川污染調查」，（ 1971）。
(5)歐陽嶠暉，「淡水河水系水污染調查及河川自淨能力之研究」，台灣水利，第 19卷3期，（ 1971）。
(6)經濟部水資會，「淡水河水污染整治規劃報告及其附錄」， (1980)。
(7)顏清連、許銘熙，「河川體系變量流之數值模擬」，台大土木工程學研究報告，
水利7105，（ 1982）。
(8)經濟部水資會，「淡水河流域河川水質數學模式之研究」，（ 1983）。
(9)顏清連、王如意、朱紹鎔、許銘熙、呂建華、張守陽，「基隆河水理特性之研 究」，水利 7203，國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所，（ 1984）。
(10)陳樹群，「河川動態水質數學模式之建立與應用」，碩士論文，國立台灣大學 土木工程學研究所，（ 1984）。
(11)連上堯，「枯水期基隆河水理與水質模式之研究」，碩士論文，國立台灣大學 農業工程學研究所，（ 1988）。
(12)洪政豐，「潮流對河川污染質影響之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利及 海洋工程研究所，（ 1988）。
(13)許銘熙、張尊國、柳文成、連上堯，「基隆河水理暨水質特性之研究（一）
截流系統對河川水理之影響」，行政院國科會專題研究計畫報告，（ 1989）。
(14)許銘熙、張尊國、柳文成、連上堯，「基隆河水理暨水質特性之研究（二）
截流系統對河川水質之影響」，行政院國科會專題研究計畫報告，（ 1990）。
(15)張瑞津、石再添，「淡水河下游感潮的研究」，地理學研究第 13期，（ 1989）。
(16)陳筱華，「河川污染特性及水質數學模式之探討─以基隆河為例」，碩士論文，
國立台灣大學環境工程學研究所，（ 1989）。
(17)柳文成，「截流系統對基隆河水質影響之研究」，碩士論文，國立台灣大學農 業工程學研究所，（ 1990）。
(18)陳建維，「基隆河截彎取直 對鹽分分佈影響之模擬」，碩士論文，國立台灣大 學環境工程學研究所，（ 1994）。
(19)李鴻源，「淡水河感潮特性之探討（二）」，國立台灣大學水工試驗所，（ 1995）。
(20)許銘熙、郭振泰、郭義雄、柳文成，「淡水河系潮流、河口環流與鹽分佈之 研究(一)、(二)」，國立臺灣大學水工試驗所研究報告239及273號，（ 1996,
1997）。
(21)許銘熙、郭義雄、郭振泰、柳文成，「淡水河感潮段垂直二維水理與水質動 態傳輸模式(一)、(二)」，行政院國科會專題計畫研究成果報告，（ 1998, 1999）。 (22)柳文成、許銘熙、郭義雄、郭振泰，「淡水河河口環流特性之研究」，台灣水
利，第46卷第一期，pp. 33-42，（ 1998）。
(23)柳文成、許銘熙、「河川水理、水質與生態模式－整治工程對生態環境之探 討(一)、(二)」，行政院國科會專題計畫精簡報告，（ 2000, 2001）。
(24)柳文成、許銘熙、郭義雄，「垂直二維模式應用於感潮河口環流與垂直混合 之數值實驗」，中國土木水利工程學刊，第 13卷，第一期， pp. 111-122，（ 2001）。 (25)柳文成、郭義雄、許銘熙、吳啟瑞、王琪芳，「利用數值模式探討淡 水河系
感潮段之水理特性」台灣水利，第51卷第一期，pp.1-8，（ 2003）。
(26)劉景毅，「二維與三維水理數值模式在淡水河海域之應用與比較」，中國土木 水利工程學刊，第11卷，第三期，pp. 579-587，（ 1999）。
(27)工業技術研究院能源與資源研究所，「多功能河口水文站之建置與最適化系 統之建立(1/2)」，經濟部水資源局報告，（ 2000）。
(28)王玉懷，「應用拖曳式 ADCP探測臺灣近岸流場」，第 24屆海洋工程研討會，
pp.485-490，(2002)。
REFERENCES
(1) Ahsan, Q. and A. F. Blumberg, 1999. A three-dimensional hydrothermal model of Onondaga Lake, New York. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 125(9).
(2) Arakawa, A. and V. R. Lamb, 1977. Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. Methods in Computational Physics, 17, 174-265.
(3) Blumberg, A, F., 1975. A numerical investigate into the dynamics of estuarine circulation. Technical Report No. 91, Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns Hopkins Univ., 110 pp.
(4) Blumberg, A. F., L. A. K ha n a nd J. St . Jo hn, 1 9 9 9 . T hr e e-dimensional
hydro d ynamic mo del o f New Yo rk harbo r regio n. Jo urnal o f H ydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 125(8), 799-816.
(5) Blumberg, A. F. and G. L. Mellor, 1987. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model. Three-dimensional coastal ocean Models, N. S.
Heaps, ed., American Geophysical Union, 1-16.
(6) Blumberg, A. F., Q. Ahsan, H. Li, I. D. Kaluarachchi and J. K. Lewis, 2001.
Circulation, sediment and water quality modeling in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida.
(7) Blumberg, A. F. and G. L. Mellor, 1980. A coastal ocean numerical model, In Mathematical Modeling of Estuarine Physics. Proceedings of an International Symposium.
(8) Casulli, V. and R. A. Walters, 2000. An unstructured grid, three-dimensional
model based on the shallow water equations. Internal Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 32, 331-348.
(9) Cerco , C. and T. Co le, 1993. Three-dimensional eutrophication model of Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 119, 1006-1025.
(10) Cerco, C. and M. Meyer. 2001. Tributary refinement to the Chesapeake Bay Model. Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 126(2), 164-174.
(11) Clark, T. L., and W. D. Hall, 1991. Mult i-domain simulations of the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations: benchmark error analysis of some nesting procedures. J. Comp. Phys, 92, 456-481.
(12) Dyer, K. R., 1973. Estuaries: a physical introduction. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, U.S.A.
(13) D ye r, K. R. , 1 9 7 7 . Lateral circulat ion effects in estuaries. In Estuaries, Geophysics and the Environment, National Academic of Sciences, Washington.
(14) Dyer, K. R., 1989. Estuarine flow interaction with topography: lateral and longitudinal effects. p. 39-60. In: B. J. Neilson, A. Y. Kuo, and J. Brubaker (eds.)
Estuarine Circulation, Humana Press, Clifton, N.J.
(15) Elliott, A. J., 1978. Observations of the meteorological induced circulation in the Potomac Estuary. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 6, 285-299.
(16) Fletcher, C. J. A., 1988. Computational techniques for fluid dynamics 1 & 2, Springer-Verlag, 409 & 484 pp.
(17) Galperin, B. L. H. Kantha, S. Hassid, and A. Rosati, 1988: A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows: J. Atoms. Sci., 45, 55-62.
(18) Hamrick, J. M., 1986. Long-term dispersion in unsteady skewed free surface flow.
Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 23, 807-845.
(19) Hamr ick, J. M., 1992a. A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code: theoretical and computational aspects. The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Special Report 317, 63pp.
(20) Hamrick, J. M., 1992b. Estuarine environmental impact assessment using a three-dimensional circulation and transport model. Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, M. L. Spaulding et al., eds. ASCE, 292-303.
(21) Hamrick, J. M., 1996. User’s manual for the environmental fluid dynamics computer code. Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, No. 331, The College of William and Mar y, VIMS, 223pp.
(22) Hansen, D. V. and M. Rattray, Jr., 1965. Gravitational circulation in straits and estuaries. J. Mar. Res. 23, 104-122.
(23) Hanse n, D. V. and M. Ratt ray, Jr. 1966. New dime nsio ns in est uar ine classification. Limnol. and Oceanogr., 11, 319-326.
(24) Hasen, D. V., 1967. Salt balance and circulation in partially mixed estuaries. in Estuaries (ed. Lauff, G. H.) American Associate Advance Science.
(25) Haas, L.W., 1977. The effect of the neap-spring tidal cycle of the vertical salinity structure of the James, York, and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia, USA. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 5, 485-496.
(26) Heaps, N. S., (editor) 1987. Three-dimensional coastal ocean models. American Geophysical Union, 208pp.
(27) Horiguchi, F., J. Yamamoto and K. Nakata, 2001. A numerical simulation of the seasonal cycle of temperature, salinity and velocity fields in Tokyo Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 43(7-12), 145-153.
(28) Hsu, M. H., A. Y. Kuo, J. T. Kuo, and W. C. Liu, 1996. Modeling tidal hydraulic in a branched estuarine system. Tenth Congress of APD-IAHR.
(29) Hsu, M. H., A. Y. Kuo, J. T. Kuo, and W. C. Liu, 1998a. Modeling estuarine hydrodynamics and salinity for wetland restoration. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, A33(5), 891-921.
(30) Hsu, M. H., A. Y. Kuo, W. C. Liu, and J. T. Kuo, 1998b. The salinity distribution in the Tanshui river system and its response to river discharge. Proceedings of Abstract and Papers (on CD-ROM) of the 3rd International Conference on Hydro-Science and -Engineering, Cottbus/Berlin, Germany.
(31) Hsu, M. H., A. Y. Kuo, J. T. Kuo, and W. C. Liu, 1999a. Procedure to calibrate and verify numerical models of estuarine hydrodynamics. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 125(2), 166-182.
(32) Hsu, M. H., A. Y. Kuo, W. C. Liu, and A. Y. Kuo, 1999b. Numerica l simulation of circulation and salinity distribution in the Tanshui estuary. Proceedings of the National Science Council, Part A: Physical Science and Engineering, 23(2), 259-273.
(33) Ippen, A. T. and D. R. F. Harleman, 1966. Tidal dynamics in estuaries. p. 493-545.
In: Ippen, A.T.(ed.), Estuary and Coastline Hydrodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, NY.
(34) Ianuiello, J. P., 1977. Tidally induced residual currents in estuaries of constant breadth and depth. J. of Marine Research, 35, 735-786.
(35) Jan, S., Y. H. Wang, S. Y. Chao, and D. Y. Wang, 2001. Development of a nowcast system for the Taiwan Strait (TSNOW): numerical simulation of barotropic tides.
Ocean and Polar Research, 23(2), 195-203.
(36) Ji, Z. G., M. R. Morton, and J. M. Hamrick, 2001. Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 53, 683-700.
(37) Johnson, B. H., K. W. Kim, R. E. Heath, B. B. Hsieh, and H. L. Butler, 1993.
Validation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 119(1), 2-20.
(38) Kim, S. C., J. Shen, C. S. Kim, and A. Y. Kuo, 2000. Application of VIMS HEM-3 D t o a ma c r o-tidal environment. Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, M. L. Spaulding et al., eds. ASCE, 238-249.
(39) Kuo, A. Y., R. J. Byrne, J. M. Brubaker, and J. H. Posenau, 1988. Vertical transport across and estuary front. In J. Dronkers and W. van Leussen (eds.), Physical Processes in Estuaries. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 93 -109.
(40) Kuo, A. Y., R. J. Byrne, P. V. Hyer, E. P. Ruzecki, and J. M. Burbaker, 1990a.
Practical application of theory for tidal intrusion fronts. ASCE J. Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Eng. 116(3), 341-361.
(41) Kuo, A. Y., J. M. Hamrick, and G. M. Sisson, 1990b. Persistence of residual currents in the James Estuary and its implication to mass transport. p. 398-401. In:
R. Cheng (ed.), Residual Currents and Long-term Transport. Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 38. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(42) Kuo, A. Y., K. Park, and M. Z. Moustafa, 1991. Spatial and temporal variabilities of hypoxia in the Rappahannock River, Virginia. Estuaries, 14(2), 113 -121.
(43) Lewis, J. K., I. Shulman and A. F. Blumberg. 1998. Assimilation of doppler radar current data into numerical ocean models. Continental Shelf Research, 18, 541-559.
(44) Liu, W. C., M. H. Hsu, and A. Y. Kuo. 2001a. An investigation of long-term transport in Tanshui Estuary, Taiwan, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, 127(2), 61-71.
(45) Liu, W. C., M. H. Hsu, A. Y. Kuo, and J. T. Kuo. 2001b. The influence of river discharge on salinity intrusion in Tanshui Estuary, Taiwan, Journal of Coastal Research, 17(3), 544-552.
(46) Liu, W. C., M. H. Hsu, A. Y. Kuo, and M. H. Li. 2001c. Influence of bathymetric changes on hydrodynamics and salt intrusion in estuarine system. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37(5), 1405 -1416.
(47) L i, J. C. a nd J. Ma t su mo t o . 1 9 9 9 . A he t e r o g e no u s le v e l me t ho d fo r three-dimensional hydrodynamics and salinity bay modeling. Mathematics and
Computers in Simulation, 49, 27-39.
(48) Mellor, G. L., 1991. An equation of state for numerical models of oceans and estuaries. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 8, 609 -611.
(49) Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada. 1982. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space phys., 20, 851-875.
(50) Mellor, G. L. and A. F. Blumberg, 1985. Modeling vertical and horizontal viscosity and the sigma coordinate system. Monthly Weather Review, 113, 1379-1383.
(51) Mellor, G. L. 1996. User’s guide for a three-dimensional, primitive equation, numerical ocean model. Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
(52) Moustafa, M. Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 1994. Modeling circulation and salinity transport in the Indian River Lagoon. Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, M. L. Spaulding et al., eds. ASCE, 381-395.
(53) M u in, M . a nd M . S p a u ld in g , 1 9 9 7 . Ap p l ic a t io n o f t hr e e-dimensional
boundary-fitted circulation model to Providence River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 123(1), 13-20.
(54) Nihoul, J. C. J., and B. M. Jamart, (editors) 1987. Three-dimensional models of marine and estuarine dynamics. Elsevier, 629 pp.
(55) Park, K., A. Y. Kuo, J. Shen, and J. M. Hamrick, 1995. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model (HEM-3D) description of water quality and sediment process submodels. Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering No. 327.
(56) Peyret, R. and T. D. Taylor, 1983. Computational methods for fluid flow.
Springer-Verlag, 358 pp.
(57) Pritchard, D. W., 1952. Estuarine hydrography. pp. 243-280. In: Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc. New York, NY.
(58) Pritchard, D. W., 1954. A study of the salt balance in a coast plain estuary. Journal of Marine Research, 13(1), 133-144.
(59) Pritchard, D. W., 1956. The dynamic structure of a coastal plain estuary. Journal of Marine Research, 15(1), 33-42.
(60) Pritchard, D. W., 1989. Estuarine classification a help or a hindrance. pp. 1-38. In:
Neilson, Kuo, and Brubaker (eds.), Humana Press, Clifton, NJ.
(61) Shen, J., M. Sisson, A. Y. Kuo, J. Boon and S. Kim, 1998. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the tidal York River system, Virginia. Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Proceedings of the 5 the International Conference, M. L. Spaulding et al.
(eds.), ASCE, 495-510.
(62) Sheng, Y. P., 1986. A three-dimensional numerical model system of coastal, estuarine and lake currents using boundary-fitted grid. Report No. 585, A.R.A.P.
Group Titan System, New Jersey, Princeton, NJ.
(63) Sheng, Y. P., 1989. On modeling three-dimensional estuarine and marine hydrodynamics. J. C. J. Nihoul, ed. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 45, 35-54.
(64) Smith, L. H., and R. T. Cheng, 1987. Tidal and tidally averaged circulation characteristics of Suisun Bay, California. Water Resources Research, 23, 143 -155.
(65) Smolarkiewicz, P. K., 1984. A fully multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm with small implicit diffusion. J. Comp. Phys, 54, 325-362.
(66) Vinokur, M., 1974. Conservation equations of gas dynamics in curvilinear coordinate systems. J. Comp. Phys., 50, 71-100.
(67) Wang, K. H. 1994. Characterization of circulation and salinity change in Galveston Bay. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 120(3), 557-579.