3.3 最適復育條件
3.3.6 半結球萵苣與空心菜對 DBP 降解試驗
在 L27.5、W23、H8 (cm)裡面配置 3 公升水耕液內含植物所需營養微 量元素，並加入 DBP 濃度為 5 ppm，分成空心菜與半結球萵苣進行最佳 條件試驗，光照時間為 11 小時、培養液酸鹼為 pH 8、培養溫度日間 23℃/
夜間 21℃和添加界面活性劑 tween 80，並隔每 72 小時追蹤降解時間。
實驗結果顯示，由圖 3-28 中可知，半結球萵苣在第三天已降解 35.2%，
兩組實驗到第 12 天即降解完成，歷經降解 12 天中 DBP 降解速率與半衰 期及相關常數如表 3-7。
在最佳條件下植體殘留以空心菜較多為 8.41 ppm 圖 3-29，吾人判斷這 可能是兩者降解方式不同所導致，空心菜應該是屬於植物萃取
(Phytoextraction)由根部吸收與累積作用達到降解效果；吾人在氣象層析儀 上觀察在 DBP 波峰之前有其它波峰判斷可能是 DBP 之代謝產物鄰苯二甲 酸所以判斷半結球萵苣應屬於植物分解(Phytodegradation)，植物本身具有 抵抗能力，將污染物分解為較低毒性之物質，在最加條件下，吾人觀察其 第 0 天、7 天、14 天植物外觀變化與葉片之生理反應圖 3-32 ，在空心菜 部分並無受影響，而在半結球萵苣部分葉片有呈現微白化與壞疽，在量測 葉片葉綠素以空心菜為佳圖 3-30 。
降解過後之水體在進行水樣急毒性測試測試其降解過後之水體毒害性 是否降低，水樣急毒性測試部分降解過後之培養液已不具有急毒性，而半
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結球萵苣有些微偏低判斷可能是鄰苯二甲酸所導致 圖 3-31 。
圖 3-28 半結球萵苣與空心菜對 DBP 降解百分率( ：半結球萵苣； ：空
心菜)
表 3-7 半結球萵苣與空心菜對 DBP 降解之速率常數(k)、半衰期(t1/2)及相關係數(r2) Treatment k(1/day) t1/2(days) r2
item
半結球萵苣 4.605 2.686 0.937
空心菜 4.605 2.564 0.967
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圖 3-29 半結球萵苣與空心菜植體殘留濃度( ：半結球萵苣； ：空心菜)
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圖3-30 半結球萵苣與空心菜之葉綠素濃度( ：半結球萵苣； ：空心菜)
圖 3-31 半結球萵苣與空心菜之小球藻毒性測試( ：半結球萵苣； ：空心
菜； ：小球藻原液)
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圖3-32 空心菜(A 第 0 天、B 第 14 天、C 第 7 天葉片、D 整體植物)
圖 3-32 半結球萵苣(A 第 0 天、B 第 14 天、C 第 7 天葉片、D 整體植物)
四、結論與建議
系統配置下 L27.5、W23、H8 (cm)裡面配置 3 公升水耕液內含植物所 需營養微量元素並加入 DBP，透過不同的培養環境來找尋最佳的降解條件，
實驗求得 DBP 半有效濃度(EC50)為 268.7 ppm，本研究試圖以半結球萵苣 進行植生復育在研究的 15 天內得到較好的降解效果。
從實驗結果顯示，光照環境下以 11 小時光照進行降解速率最佳，而在 水樣急毒性測試下也是以 11 小時光照為存活率最高。酸鹼值中以 pH 8 進 行降解速率最佳，水樣急毒性測試部分 pH 6 存活率高於小球藻原液，吾人 猜測可能是水體微酸性時，刺激半結球萵苣根部分泌微量元素，以提供小
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球藻之所需營養。培養溫度實驗中，以日間 23℃/夜間 21℃進行降解速率 與葉綠素方面最佳，在水樣急毒性測試部分以日間 21℃/19℃存活率最高。
不同濃度實驗下，以 1ppm 進行降解試驗為最好，葉綠素部分則以 5ppm 較高，在小球藻急毒性測試部分以 1ppm 存活率最高，表示說 DBP 濃度高 低確實影響著水樣毒性。在添加不同界面活性劑部分，以 tween80 進行降 解速率最好，植體葉綠素部分以 brij35 呈現較高，水樣急毒性試驗方面，
雖然以 tween80 存活率 52.3％最好，但是其他界面活性劑存活率皆未達
50％，吾人認為添加界面活性劑雖然造成急毒性增加，但是添加界面活性 劑可使 DBP 形成微胞結構以減少 DBP 落入底泥與岸邊。
選擇最佳條件做植生復育日間 23℃/夜間 21℃、酸鹼值 pH 8、光照 11 小時與界面活性劑 tween 80 與 5 ppm DBP，最後選用確定有復育效果之空 心菜做為比較對象，結果顯示兩者皆在第 12 天即降解完成，然而在水樣急 毒性測試部分兩者皆近原始液濃度，表示說降解過後之培養液已不具急毒 性，植體殘留部分兩者差距甚大，推估兩者復育方式不同所造成。
本研究主要針對半結球萵苣在環境中的最佳降解條件做探討，在日後 或許可利用於濕地或人工建造之氣候室做為整治受 DBP 污染之場所，水 樣急毒性檢測可審視處理過後之水體傷害是否已降低，以提供水體之後的 可再利用性做參考。
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