科技部(2010 )。學術研發成果。臺北市:作者。
[Ministry ofScience and Technology.
(2010).
The academic R&D performance. Taipei,Taiwan:Author.]
科技部 (2012 )。國科會年報。臺北市:作者。
[Ministry ofScience and Technology.
(2012).
The annual report. Taipei,Taiwan: Author.]科技部(2 013) 。國科會年報。臺北市:作者。
[Ministry ofScience and Technology.
(2013).
The annual rerport. Taipei,Taiwan: Author.]教育部 (2012 )。中華民國大專校院概況與校數統計。取自 http://www.edu.tw/statistics [Ministry of Education.
(2012).
Universities, colleges andj仰 iorcolleges Republic of China,楊宜興 大學智慧資本與研究商業化績效之研究 61
R.
o.C.
Retrieved from http://www.edu.tw/statistics]羅思嘉 (2010) 0 2004-2009年國內大專校院專利活動分析。評鑑雙月刊，詣， 33-39 。
[Lo,S.-C. (2010). The analysis of patenting in Taiwanese universities between 2004 and 2009.
Evaluation Bimonthly,26,33-39.]
Abreu,M.,& Grinevich,V. (2013). The nature of academic entrepreneurship in the UK:
Widening the focus on entrepreneurial activities. Research Policy,42(2),408-422.
Ambos,T. C., Makel昌， K.,Birkinshaw, J. ,& D'Este, P. (2008). When does university research get commercialized? Creating ambidexterity in research institutions. Journal of Management Studies,45(8),1424-1447.
Carayannis,E.,Del Giudice,M.,& Pemta,M. (2014). Managing the intellectual capital within govemment-university-industry R&D partnerships. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 15(4), 611-630.
Chang,Y. C.,Chen,M. H.,Yang,P 玄，& Hua,M. (2008). Universities as patent- and licensing income-generating institutions: A survey in Taiwan. International Journal of Technology
Manageme肘， 4月3)， 290-309.
Chang,Y. C.,Yang,P. 玄， & Chen,M. H. (2009). The determinants of academic research commercialization: Towards an organizational ambidexterity perspective. Research Policy, 38(6),936-946.
Chen, 1.,Zhao,X.,& Wang,Y.(2015). A new measurement ofintellectual capital and its impact on innovation performance in an open innovation paradigm. International Journal of Technology Management,6月 I)，1-25.
D'Este, P., & Perkmann, M. (2011). Why do academics engage with industry? The entrepreneurial university and individual motivations. Journal of Technology Tran辟η
36(3),316-339.
Di Gregorio，眩， & Shane,S. (2003). Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy,32(2),209-227.
Druilhe,C., & Garnsey, E. (2001). Academic spin-off ventures: A resource opportunity approach. In W.Duri嗯，R. Oakey,& S. Kauser(Eds扎 Newtechnology-based
.fi
rms in the new millennium(pp. 175-190). Oxford,UK: Pergamon.Edvinsson, L., & Malone，加1. S. (1997). Intellectual capital: Realizing your company 50 true valueby)日ndingits hidden roots.New York,NY:Happer Collins.
Etzkowi妞， H. (1983). Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in american
academic science. Minerva,21(2-3),198-233.
Etzkowi缸， H. (2003). Research groups as
“
quasi-firms"? The invention of the entrepreneurial university.Research Policy,3月 I)， 109-121.Finkle, T. A.,& Deeds,D. (200 I). Trends in the market for entrepreneurship faculty 1989-1998.
Journal ofBusiness Venturing,16(6),613-630.
Geisler,E.,& Rubenstein, A. (1989). University-Industry relationship: A review of major issues.
In A. Link& G. Tassey (Eds.), Co-operative research and development: The industη1
university-government (pp. 43-62). Boston,MA: Kluwer.
Hall,B. (2002,November). University-industη researchpartnerships and intellectual property.
Paper presented at 7th International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, Kansai,Japan
Harrison,R. T., & Leitch,C. (20 I 0). Voodoo institution or entrepreneurial university? Spin-otTcompanies,the entrepreneurial system and regional development in the UK. Regional Studies,44(9),1241-1262.
Haas,M. R.,& Park,S. (2010). To share or not to share? Professional norms,reference groups, and information withholding among life scientists.OrganizationScience,21(4),873-891.
Hildebrand,D.L.(2005). Academics are intellectual entrepreneurs.PeerReνiew， 7(3),30-31 Hsu, I. c., & Sabherwal, R. (20 II). From intellectual capital to firm performance: The
mediating role of knowledge management capabilities.IEEE Transactions on Engineering
A勿nagement， 58(4),626-642
Jansen,J. J.,Tempelaar,M. P.,van den Bosch,F. A.,& Volberda, H. W. (2009). Structural differentiation and ambidexterity: The mediating role of integration mechanisms.
OrganizationScience,20(4),797-811.
Jensen,R.A., Thursby,J. G.,& Thursby,M. C. (2003). Disclosure and licensing of university inventions: The best we can do with the s**t we get to work with.International Journal of 1ndustrial Organization,21 (9),1271-1300.
Johanna,H. (2009). The future of the academic calling? Junior researchers in the entrepreneurial university.Higher Education,57(2),173-190.
Link,A. N., Rothaermel,F. T.,& Siegel,D. S. (2008). University technology transfer: An introduction to the special issue. 1EEE Transactions on Engineering Management,55(1), 5-8.
McKelvey, M. D. (1997). Emerging environments in biotechnology. In H. Etzkowitz & L.
楊宜興 大學智慧資本與研究商業化績效之研究 的
Leydesdorff (Eds.), Universities and the global knowledge economy: Triple-helix of university-industry-government relations(pp. 60-70). London,UK: Classell Academic.
Mowe旬， D. 仁， &Ziedonis,A.A.(2002). Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United States.Research Policy,31(3),399-418.
Muπay， F.,
&
Stem,S. (2007). Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. Journal of Economic Behavior& Organization,63(4),648-687.Nicholson,G. J., & Kiel,G. C. (2004). Breakthrough board performance: How to harness your board's intellectual capital.Corporate Governance,4(1),5-23.
O'Shea,R. P.,Allen,T. J.,Morse,K. P.,O'Gorman,C., & Roche,F. (2007). Delineating the anatomy of an entrepreneurial university: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology experience.R&DManageme肘; 3 7( 1),1-16.
Perkmann,M., & Walsh,K. (2009). The two faces of collaboration: Impacts of university-industry relations on public research.Industrial and Corporate Change,18(6),1033-1065.
Prodan, I., & Drnovsek,M. (20 I0). Conceptualizing academic-entrepreneurial intentions: An empirical test.Technovation,30(5-6),332-347.
Rasmussen,E.,Mosey,S.,& Wright,M. (20 II). The evolution of entrepreneurial competencies:
A longitudinal study of university spin-off venture emergence. Journal of Management Studies,48(6),1314-1345.
Roos,G.,Bainbridge, A., & Jacobsen,K. (2001). Intellectual capital analysis as a strategic tool.
Strategy and Leadership,29(4)， 21 必.
Shane, S. A. (2004). Academic entrepreneurship: Universi砂 spinolfsand wealth creation.
Northampton,MA: Edward Elgar.
Siegel,D. S.,Waldman，瓜，& Link, A.(2003). Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: An exploratory study.
Research Policy,32(1),27-48.
Siegel,D. S.,Wright, M., & Lockett,A. (2007). The rise of entrepreneurial activity at universities: Organizational and societal implications. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4),489-504.
Thursby,J., & Thursby,M. (2002). Who is selli月 the
“
ivory tower"? Sources of growth in university licensing.ManagementScience,48( 1),90-104Thursby,M. C.,Thursby,J. G., & Gupta-Mukherjee,S. (2007).Are there real effects oflicensing
on academic research? A life cycle view. Journal ofEconomic Behavior and Organization,
63,577-598.
van Looy, B.,Callae肘，1.,& Debackere,K. (2006). Publication and patent behavior of academic researchers: Conflicting,reinforcing or merely co-existing. Research Policy,35(4), 596-608.
van Looy,B.,Landoni,P.,Callaert, 1.,van Pottelsberghe, 8., Sapsalis,E.,& Debackere,K (2011). Entrepreneurial effectiveness of European universities: An empirical assessment of antecedents and trade-offs. Research Policy,40(4),553-564.
楊宜興 大學智慧資本與研究商業化績效之研究 的