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Table 1.
Plasma levels of cholesterol (CHO) and triglycerides (TG) of rabbits fed with various diets at the 8th week.
Group Control（7） Cholesterol（3） Magnolia（9）
CHO (mg/dL) 70±5 781±60* 514±139*
TG （mg/dL） 138±5 164±3 191±27
All values are expressed as means ± SE (standard error of means). The sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪
(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
*
: P＜0.05, compared with the Control group.
Table 2. Baseline systemic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and BRS of rabbits fed with various diets at the 4th and 8th week.
Group Control Cholesterol Magnolia
Week 4（14） 8（21） 4（9） 8（18） 4（8） 8（12）
BP (mmHg) 95±1 96±2 94±2 109±2* 101±4 109±2*
HR (bpm) 248±8 255±5 233±10 257±5 246±5 274±11 B R S(bpm/mmHg) - 2.22±0.29 - 2 . 2 6±0.21 -1 . 7 1±0. 3 5 - 1.28±0 . 0 5 * - 1 . 9 4±0.22 -1 . 6 5±0 . 1 1 * #
All values are expressed as means ± SE (standard error of means). The sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪
(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
*
: P＜0.05, compared with the Control group of the same week. # P＜0.05, compared with the Cholesterol group of the same week.
Table 3. Effects of NO synthase blockade with L-NAME on the systemic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of rabbits fed with various diets at the 8th week.
BP（mmHg） HR（bpm）
Group Control （9） Cholesterol（7） Magnolia （4） Control Cholesterol Magnoli a Before 88 ±4 98±3* 108 ±4* 247 ±9 252±9 277±32
After 99±5# 114 ±4**# 121 ±5**# 222 ±15 201 ±12# 197 ±30
%Change 12 ± 3 16 ± 2 12 ± 2 -10± 6 -21± 3 -28±6
All values are expressed as means ± SE (standard error of means). The sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
*
: P＜0.05, compared with the Control group before L-NAME was added .**
: P＜0.05, compared with the Control group after L-NAME was added . # : P＜0.05, compared with the same group before L-NAME was added.Table 4. Systemic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) profile during induction of hemorrhage in rabbits fed with various diets at the 8th week.
BP (mmH) HR (bpm)
Group Control(8) Cholesterol(9) Magnolia(6) Control Cholesterol Magnoli a Baseline 94±4 112±3 108±3 288 ±13 271 ±12 260 ±20 PeakHR 71±3 78±3 76±6 310 ±17 296±12 335±20 Lowest HR 5 8 ± 3 5 6 ± 3 58 ± 3 2 7 4 ± 1 5 2 4 7 ± 1 0 2 3 6 ± 15 Lower plateau 76±8 74±4 66± 3 296±10 278±13 293±23
All values are expressed as means ± SE (standard error of means). The sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. The diet treatment of each group was the same as described in Table 1. Baseline: baseline BP and HR before induction of hemorrhage. Peak HR: phase of hemorrhage when HR reached the highest level.
Lowest HR: phase of hemorrhage after HR was decreased from peak HR to a lowest point before developed to a steady plateau. Lower plateau: phase of hemorrhage when criteria of hemorrhage were reached, and both BP and HR reached a plateau (also see text and Fig. 4 for more detail).
BRS (bpm/mmHg)
-3 -2 -1
4 week 8 week
Cntrol Cholesterol Magnolia
*
*
#Fig 1. BRS of rabbits fed with different diets at the 4th and 8th week.
All values are expressed as means ± SE (standard error of means). The sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10
﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
*
: P＜0.05, compared with the Control group of the same week. #: P＜0.05, compared with the Cholesterol group of the same week.Fig. 2. Effects of NO synthase blockade with L-NAME on the systemic blood pressure and heart rate in rabbits fed with different diets.
The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10 ﹪ (w/w) corn oil and 0.5 ﹪ (w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
BRS (bpm/mmHg)
-3 -2 -1
baseline +L-NAME Control Cholesterol Magnolia
*
*
##
Fig 3. Effects of NO synthase blockade with L-NAME on BRS in rabbits fed with different diets.
The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).
*
: P＜0.05, compared with the baseline values (before L-NAME) of the Control group. # : P ＜ 0.05, compared with the baseline values of the Cholesterol group.Fig. 4. Changes of systemic blood pressure and heart rate during the induction of hemorrhage.
After the Baseline was recorded, procedure of hemorrhage was initiated (arrow).
Note that the hemorrhage started with a non hypotensive phase with a gradual increase in heart rate. Then the hemorrhage developed into a hypotensive phase with a further increase of heart rate (Peak HR). However, as hemorrhage progressed into a more severe phase, the heart rate was paradoxically decreased. The hemorrhage was continued until the mean arterial blood pressure dropped below 70 mmHg (Lowest HR), and then the procedure of hemorrhage was terminated. The blood pressure and heart rate would then level off (Lower plateau).
BRS (bpm/mmHg)
Fig.5. Effects of NO synthase blockade with L-NAME on BRS during hemorrhage in rabbits fed with different diets.
P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical notations are defined as follows. ＊: compared with the baseline of the Control group. #:
compared with the baseline of the Cholesterol group.＊＊: compared with the hemorrhagic state (Hemo) of the Control group. ##: compared with the hemorrhagic state (Hemo) of the Cholesterol group.＊＊＊: compared with the hemorrhagic state with NO synthase blockade (H+L-NAME) of the Control group. ###: compared with the hemorrhagic state with NO synthase blockade (H+L-NAME) of the Cholesterol group. The Control group were fed with normal rabbit chow. The Cholesterol group were fed with normal rabbit chow plus 10﹪(w/w) corn oil and 0.5﹪(w/w) cholesterol. The Magnolia group were fed with the same diet as the Cholesterol group, but plus l﹪(w/w) Magnolia officinalis methanol extract (see text for detail).