第五章 討論
5.4 實驗結果應用之限制
本研究之實驗僅於實驗室中進行，所得到之偏好數據僅代表受試者 於短暫實驗中之偏好數據，雖然 Grandjean(34)等人於其 1983 年對於坐姿 電腦工作站之現場實驗研究(field experiment)曾證實，實驗室短暫時間所 得之數據與長時間現場實驗所得之數據並無差異，但應用上仍須注意，
最好可於現場實驗再加以驗證。
第六章 結論與建議
對於立姿電腦工作站之高度之設計，經由本研究之實驗結果可歸納 下列重要結論：
(1) 鍵盤置放高度不受電腦種類與螢幕大小影響，但對每一位受試者 為具有一定範圍(非固定值)之設定，其平均值在 94.6 至 97 之間，
約在平均立姿肘高(平均值 96.5cm)高度至下方約 2cm，此顯示受 試者傾向於將鍵盤置放高度設定於立姿肘高之位置，以保持上臂 自然下垂，值得注意的是，受試者並未將筆記型電腦鍵盤擺放高 度進一步提高，以改善過大之視角與頸部前傾角度。
(2) 桌上型電腦由於其螢幕與鍵盤置放高度可分開調整，其視角、頸 部前傾角度與上臂前屈角度，均優於 14 吋筆記型電腦，而 12 吋筆記型電腦之狀況最差。此結果顯示未來若不考慮桌上型電腦 (其實現在一些準系統體積也很小)，較大螢幕尺寸之筆記型電 腦，因螢幕中心高度較高，較能減少使用者之彎曲角度與肌肉骨 骼負荷，另外也可推論寬螢幕型之筆記型電腦，因其螢幕中心高 度可能較低於同尺寸之非寬螢幕電腦，較不建議採用。
(3) 針對 12 與 14 吋筆記型電腦在可調式實驗電腦工作站與對照之貨 架數據可發現，偏好之可調式電腦工作站高度設定雖然較貨架 高，但並未使上肢肌肉負荷明顯提高(除左三角肌有些微差異)，
而同時卻可以明顯改善頸部過度前傾與眼睛過大向下視角之影 響，因此提高電腦放置高度應是可行且有成效的。
(4) 增加桌面傾角會提升螢幕中心高，改善受試者向下之視角與頸部 傾斜角度，但同時會增加手腕伸展角度與增加左肩三角肌(顯 著)、右肩三角肌與左斜方肌之肌肉負荷(未達顯著水準)。大部分 受試者喜歡桌面傾角可調整，每個人偏好之桌面傾角會受起始桌 面傾角設定影響，其平均值約在 4.8 到 6.8 度間，因此綜合來看 增加桌面傾角應可行之改善方法。
(5) 本研究之實驗僅於實驗室中進行，所得到之偏好數據僅代表受試 者於短暫實驗中之偏好數據，應用上仍須注意，最好可於現場實 驗再加以驗證。
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附錄一：實驗同意書
同意書
姓名： 受測者編號：
1.本人同意參加立姿工作站之肌肉骨骼不適與肌肉負荷評估研究計畫，
將誠實填寫個人基本資料。
2.本人已詳細閱讀實驗說明並且了解實驗流程及步驟，願意配合各相關 規定。
3.本人願意完成全部實驗即分析資料後，領取受測費用。學校將會寄 受測者費用扣繳名單。
4.本人瞭解本實驗所蒐集到的相關個人資料，將被妥善完整保存，而本 人姓名不會出現在任何報告中。
同意人簽名：
實驗人員簽名：
日期： 年 月 日
中國醫藥大學 職業安全與衛生學系 人因實驗室
附錄二：個人基本資料
中國醫藥大學 職業安全與衛生學系
※立姿工作站※
編號: 作業型態編號: 填表日期： 年 月_____日
基本資料
姓名: 性別： □男 □女 生日： 年 月 日 聯絡電話: 身分證字號:
戶籍地址:
身高: 公分 體重: 公斤 立姿眉間至地板距離: 公分 立姿手肘至地板高度: 公分 立姿肩峰至地板高度: 公分 EE 線傾角: 度 慣用手: □右手 □左手 視力(矯正後)：右眼 左眼 是否查看鍵盤輸入: □是；□否 胸椎前彎角度: 度
是否有肌肉骨骼傷害病史: □否；□是:
附錄三：主觀不適問卷